Broadening access to work
Broad opportunities for employment and well-paid, secure jobs
Metrics
- Employment rate, people aged 15-64
- Participation rate, people aged 15-64
- Gender pay gap
Why this matters
Widespread access to employment is the key to a healthy, happy and prosperous society.
Progress
Employment rate
In seasonally adjusted terms, in July 2024, the employment rate for people aged 15-64 years was:
- 77.1% for persons, compared with 77.1% in July 2023
- 80.0% for males, compared with 80.3% in July 2023
- 74.2% for females, compared with 73.9% in July 2023.
Compared to 20 years ago (July 2004), the employment rate for people aged 15-64 years has:
- risen 6.9 percentage points (from 70.2%) for persons
- risen 2.5 percentage points (from 77.5%) for males
- risen 11.4 percentage points (from 62.8%) for females.
| Males (%) | Females (%) | Persons (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jul-04 | 77.5 | 62.8 | 70.2 |
| Aug-04 | 77.1 | 63.0 | 70.0 |
| Sep-04 | 77.6 | 63.1 | 70.4 |
| Oct-04 | 77.8 | 63.6 | 70.7 |
| Nov-04 | 78.0 | 63.7 | 70.8 |
| Dec-04 | 77.9 | 63.8 | 70.9 |
| Jan-05 | 78.1 | 63.9 | 71.0 |
| Feb-05 | 78.3 | 64.1 | 71.2 |
| Mar-05 | 78.4 | 64.3 | 71.3 |
| Apr-05 | 78.7 | 64.4 | 71.6 |
| May-05 | 78.5 | 64.4 | 71.5 |
| Jun-05 | 78.7 | 64.7 | 71.7 |
| Jul-05 | 78.5 | 64.7 | 71.6 |
| Aug-05 | 78.7 | 65.0 | 71.9 |
| Sep-05 | 78.6 | 64.8 | 71.7 |
| Oct-05 | 78.4 | 64.9 | 71.6 |
| Nov-05 | 78.4 | 64.8 | 71.6 |
| Dec-05 | 78.4 | 64.8 | 71.6 |
| Jan-06 | 78.2 | 64.8 | 71.5 |
| Feb-06 | 78.4 | 64.8 | 71.6 |
| Mar-06 | 78.6 | 65.0 | 71.8 |
| Apr-06 | 78.6 | 65.0 | 71.8 |
| May-06 | 78.5 | 65.5 | 72.0 |
| Jun-06 | 78.8 | 65.6 | 72.2 |
| Jul-06 | 79.0 | 65.7 | 72.3 |
| Aug-06 | 79.0 | 65.8 | 72.4 |
| Sep-06 | 79.1 | 66.0 | 72.6 |
| Oct-06 | 79.0 | 65.6 | 72.3 |
| Nov-06 | 79.0 | 65.8 | 72.4 |
| Dec-06 | 79.3 | 65.9 | 72.6 |
| Jan-07 | 79.1 | 65.8 | 72.4 |
| Feb-07 | 79.2 | 65.7 | 72.5 |
| Mar-07 | 79.4 | 65.7 | 72.6 |
| Apr-07 | 79.5 | 65.8 | 72.7 |
| May-07 | 79.7 | 66.0 | 72.8 |
| Jun-07 | 79.7 | 65.9 | 72.8 |
| Jul-07 | 79.6 | 65.9 | 72.7 |
| Aug-07 | 79.6 | 66.1 | 72.9 |
| Sep-07 | 79.7 | 66.4 | 73.0 |
| Oct-07 | 79.5 | 66.4 | 72.9 |
| Nov-07 | 79.7 | 66.5 | 73.1 |
| Dec-07 | 79.7 | 66.6 | 73.2 |
| Jan-08 | 79.9 | 66.5 | 73.2 |
| Feb-08 | 79.9 | 66.7 | 73.3 |
| Mar-08 | 79.8 | 66.7 | 73.2 |
| Apr-08 | 79.7 | 67.1 | 73.4 |
| May-08 | 79.6 | 66.6 | 73.1 |
| Jun-08 | 80.0 | 66.8 | 73.4 |
| Jul-08 | 79.6 | 66.7 | 73.1 |
| Aug-08 | 79.7 | 66.9 | 73.3 |
| Sep-08 | 79.6 | 66.6 | 73.1 |
| Oct-08 | 79.7 | 66.8 | 73.2 |
| Nov-08 | 79.3 | 66.7 | 73.0 |
| Dec-08 | 79.0 | 66.6 | 72.8 |
| Jan-09 | 78.4 | 66.8 | 72.6 |
| Feb-09 | 78.3 | 66.9 | 72.6 |
| Mar-09 | 77.8 | 66.5 | 72.2 |
| Apr-09 | 78.0 | 66.6 | 72.3 |
| May-09 | 77.5 | 66.5 | 72.0 |
| Jun-09 | 77.3 | 66.3 | 71.8 |
| Jul-09 | 77.4 | 66.2 | 71.8 |
| Aug-09 | 77.6 | 65.7 | 71.7 |
| Sep-09 | 77.6 | 65.9 | 71.8 |
| Oct-09 | 77.6 | 66.0 | 71.8 |
| Nov-09 | 77.8 | 66.1 | 72.0 |
| Dec-09 | 78.0 | 66.1 | 72.0 |
| Jan-10 | 78.4 | 66.2 | 72.3 |
| Feb-10 | 78.2 | 65.9 | 72.1 |
| Mar-10 | 78.1 | 65.9 | 72.0 |
| Apr-10 | 78.3 | 65.8 | 72.0 |
| May-10 | 78.1 | 65.8 | 72.0 |
| Jun-10 | 78.3 | 66.1 | 72.2 |
| Jul-10 | 78.5 | 66.1 | 72.3 |
| Aug-10 | 78.7 | 66.2 | 72.5 |
| Sep-10 | 78.9 | 66.4 | 72.6 |
| Oct-10 | 79.0 | 66.4 | 72.7 |
| Nov-10 | 79.2 | 66.5 | 72.8 |
| Dec-10 | 79.4 | 66.6 | 73.0 |
| Jan-11 | 79.4 | 66.5 | 72.9 |
| Feb-11 | 79.1 | 66.5 | 72.8 |
| Mar-11 | 79.2 | 66.7 | 73.0 |
| Apr-11 | 78.7 | 66.7 | 72.7 |
| May-11 | 78.7 | 66.4 | 72.6 |
| Jun-11 | 78.6 | 66.8 | 72.7 |
| Jul-11 | 78.5 | 66.7 | 72.6 |
| Aug-11 | 78.4 | 66.8 | 72.6 |
| Sep-11 | 78.5 | 66.9 | 72.7 |
| Oct-11 | 78.3 | 66.8 | 72.6 |
| Nov-11 | 78.3 | 66.7 | 72.5 |
| Dec-11 | 78.3 | 66.2 | 72.3 |
| Jan-12 | 78.6 | 66.5 | 72.6 |
| Feb-12 | 78.2 | 66.4 | 72.3 |
| Mar-12 | 78.1 | 66.9 | 72.5 |
| Apr-12 | 78.2 | 66.6 | 72.4 |
| May-12 | 78.3 | 66.7 | 72.5 |
| Jun-12 | 78.2 | 66.5 | 72.3 |
| Jul-12 | 78.0 | 66.7 | 72.3 |
| Aug-12 | 78.0 | 66.5 | 72.2 |
| Sep-12 | 77.9 | 66.8 | 72.3 |
| Oct-12 | 78.1 | 66.4 | 72.3 |
| Nov-12 | 77.9 | 66.5 | 72.2 |
| Dec-12 | 78.1 | 66.4 | 72.2 |
| Jan-13 | 78.3 | 66.8 | 72.5 |
| Feb-13 | 78.0 | 66.7 | 72.4 |
| Mar-13 | 77.6 | 66.6 | 72.1 |
| Apr-13 | 77.7 | 66.7 | 72.2 |
| May-13 | 77.7 | 66.3 | 72.0 |
| Jun-13 | 77.7 | 66.5 | 72.1 |
| Jul-13 | 77.5 | 66.2 | 71.9 |
| Aug-13 | 77.4 | 66.4 | 71.9 |
| Sep-13 | 77.4 | 66.4 | 71.8 |
| Oct-13 | 77.3 | 66.4 | 71.8 |
| Nov-13 | 77.2 | 66.2 | 71.7 |
| Dec-13 | 76.9 | 66.0 | 71.4 |
| Jan-14 | 76.9 | 66.1 | 71.5 |
| Feb-14 | 77.0 | 66.1 | 71.5 |
| Mar-14 | 77.2 | 66.3 | 71.7 |
| Apr-14 | 77.1 | 66.1 | 71.6 |
| May-14 | 76.8 | 66.1 | 71.4 |
| Jun-14 | 77.0 | 66.2 | 71.6 |
| Jul-14 | 77.0 | 66.2 | 71.6 |
| Aug-14 | 77.0 | 66.1 | 71.5 |
| Sep-14 | 76.9 | 66.0 | 71.4 |
| Oct-14 | 76.9 | 65.9 | 71.4 |
| Nov-14 | 77.1 | 65.6 | 71.3 |
| Dec-14 | 77.1 | 66.3 | 71.7 |
| Jan-15 | 77.1 | 66.2 | 71.6 |
| Feb-15 | 77.4 | 66.4 | 71.9 |
| Mar-15 | 77.7 | 66.3 | 72.0 |
| Apr-15 | 77.3 | 66.5 | 71.9 |
| May-15 | 77.6 | 66.7 | 72.1 |
| Jun-15 | 77.5 | 66.7 | 72.0 |
| Jul-15 | 77.6 | 66.8 | 72.1 |
| Aug-15 | 77.4 | 66.8 | 72.1 |
| Sep-15 | 77.3 | 66.9 | 72.1 |
| Oct-15 | 77.7 | 67.3 | 72.4 |
| Nov-15 | 77.6 | 67.5 | 72.5 |
| Dec-15 | 77.7 | 67.5 | 72.6 |
| Jan-16 | 77.9 | 67.3 | 72.6 |
| Feb-16 | 77.7 | 67.5 | 72.6 |
| Mar-16 | 77.7 | 67.5 | 72.5 |
| Apr-16 | 77.4 | 67.5 | 72.4 |
| May-16 | 77.5 | 67.3 | 72.4 |
| Jun-16 | 77.5 | 67.4 | 72.4 |
| Jul-16 | 77.5 | 67.5 | 72.5 |
| Aug-16 | 77.3 | 67.2 | 72.2 |
| Sep-16 | 77.0 | 67.3 | 72.1 |
| Oct-16 | 77.1 | 67.2 | 72.1 |
| Nov-16 | 77.1 | 67.2 | 72.2 |
| Dec-16 | 77.1 | 67.4 | 72.2 |
| Jan-17 | 77.2 | 67.5 | 72.3 |
| Feb-17 | 77.0 | 67.1 | 72.0 |
| Mar-17 | 77.2 | 67.5 | 72.3 |
| Apr-17 | 77.5 | 67.5 | 72.5 |
| May-17 | 77.3 | 67.9 | 72.6 |
| Jun-17 | 77.4 | 68.1 | 72.7 |
| Jul-17 | 77.5 | 68.1 | 72.8 |
| Aug-17 | 77.6 | 68.5 | 73.0 |
| Sep-17 | 77.7 | 68.8 | 73.2 |
| Oct-17 | 77.5 | 68.6 | 73.1 |
| Nov-17 | 77.8 | 68.9 | 73.3 |
| Dec-17 | 77.6 | 69.0 | 73.3 |
| Jan-18 | 78.1 | 68.9 | 73.5 |
| Feb-18 | 77.7 | 68.9 | 73.3 |
| Mar-18 | 77.6 | 69.0 | 73.3 |
| Apr-18 | 77.6 | 68.9 | 73.2 |
| May-18 | 77.6 | 68.9 | 73.2 |
| Jun-18 | 77.8 | 69.3 | 73.5 |
| Jul-18 | 77.9 | 68.9 | 73.4 |
| Aug-18 | 78.1 | 69.2 | 73.6 |
| Sep-18 | 78.1 | 69.1 | 73.6 |
| Oct-18 | 78.0 | 69.4 | 73.6 |
| Nov-18 | 78.1 | 69.5 | 73.7 |
| Dec-18 | 78.2 | 69.4 | 73.8 |
| Jan-19 | 78.4 | 69.5 | 73.9 |
| Feb-19 | 78.2 | 69.6 | 73.9 |
| Mar-19 | 78.4 | 69.6 | 74.0 |
| Apr-19 | 78.1 | 70.0 | 74.0 |
| May-19 | 78.4 | 69.6 | 74.0 |
| Jun-19 | 78.4 | 69.6 | 74.0 |
| Jul-19 | 78.4 | 69.7 | 74.1 |
| Aug-19 | 78.6 | 70.0 | 74.3 |
| Sep-19 | 78.3 | 70.4 | 74.3 |
| Oct-19 | 78.0 | 70.2 | 74.0 |
| Nov-19 | 78.0 | 70.1 | 74.1 |
| Dec-19 | 78.2 | 70.4 | 74.3 |
| Jan-20 | 78.1 | 70.5 | 74.3 |
| Feb-20 | 78.0 | 70.4 | 74.2 |
| Mar-20 | 78.1 | 70.3 | 74.2 |
| Apr-20 | 75.0 | 66.7 | 70.9 |
| May-20 | 73.5 | 64.9 | 69.2 |
| Jun-20 | 74.6 | 66.5 | 70.5 |
| Jul-20 | 75.3 | 67.3 | 71.3 |
| Aug-20 | 75.8 | 68.4 | 72.1 |
| Sep-20 | 75.6 | 68.3 | 71.9 |
| Oct-20 | 76.7 | 68.7 | 72.7 |
| Nov-20 | 77.2 | 69.4 | 73.3 |
| Dec-20 | 77.2 | 69.8 | 73.5 |
| Jan-21 | 77.6 | 69.7 | 73.6 |
| Feb-21 | 77.5 | 70.4 | 73.9 |
| Mar-21 | 77.8 | 71.1 | 74.4 |
| Apr-21 | 78.0 | 70.8 | 74.4 |
| May-21 | 78.2 | 71.6 | 74.9 |
| Jun-21 | 78.6 | 71.6 | 75.1 |
| Jul-21 | 78.9 | 71.5 | 75.2 |
| Aug-21 | 78.1 | 70.9 | 74.5 |
| Sep-21 | 77.5 | 69.9 | 73.7 |
| Oct-21 | 77.3 | 69.5 | 73.4 |
| Nov-21 | 79.0 | 72.2 | 75.6 |
| Dec-21 | 79.4 | 72.5 | 75.9 |
| Jan-22 | 79.2 | 73.0 | 76.1 |
| Feb-22 | 79.6 | 73.4 | 76.5 |
| Mar-22 | 79.6 | 73.5 | 76.5 |
| Apr-22 | 79.7 | 73.4 | 76.6 |
| May-22 | 79.9 | 73.5 | 76.7 |
| Jun-22 | 80.2 | 74.0 | 77.1 |
| Jul-22 | 80.1 | 74.0 | 77.0 |
| Aug-22 | 80.4 | 74.1 | 77.2 |
| Sep-22 | 80.6 | 73.7 | 77.1 |
| Oct-22 | 80.4 | 73.8 | 77.1 |
| Nov-22 | 80.6 | 74.2 | 77.4 |
| Dec-22 | 80.5 | 73.9 | 77.2 |
| Jan-23 | 80.5 | 73.7 | 77.1 |
| Feb-23 | 80.4 | 73.7 | 77.1 |
| Mar-23 | 80.5 | 74.3 | 77.4 |
| Apr-23 | 80.1 | 74.2 | 77.1 |
| May-23 | 80.3 | 74.3 | 77.3 |
| Jun-23 | 80.2 | 74.3 | 77.2 |
| Jul-23 | 80.3 | 73.9 | 77.1 |
| Aug-23 | 80.4 | 74.0 | 77.2 |
| Sep-23 | 80.1 | 74.1 | 77.1 |
| Oct-23 | 80.0 | 74.3 | 77.1 |
| Nov-23 | 80.3 | 74.5 | 77.4 |
| Dec-23 | 79.9 | 74.1 | 77.0 |
| Jan-24 | 79.7 | 73.9 | 76.8 |
| Feb-24 | 79.9 | 74.2 | 77.0 |
| Mar-24 | 79.8 | 73.9 | 76.8 |
| Apr-24 | 79.6 | 73.9 | 76.7 |
| May-24 | 79.8 | 73.7 | 76.8 |
| Jun-24 | 80.0 | 73.8 | 76.9 |
| Jul-24 | 80.0 | 74.2 | 77.1 |
Employment rate, people aged 15-64 (seasonally adjusted)
["","Males","Females","Persons"]
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[]
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Participation rate
In seasonally adjusted terms, in July 2024, the participation rate for people aged 15-64 years was:
- 80.6% for persons, compared to 80.2% in July 2023
- 83.9% for males, compared to 83.6% in July 2023
- 77.3% for females, compared to 76.8% in July 2023.
Compared to 20 years ago (July 2004), the participation rate for people aged 15-64 years has:
- risen 6.3 percentage points (from 74.3%) for persons
- risen 2.0 percentage points (from 81.9%) for males
- risen 10.6 percentage points (from 66.7%) for females.
| Males (%) | Females (%) | Persons (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jul-04 | 81.9 | 66.7 | 74.3 |
| Aug-04 | 81.6 | 66.8 | 74.2 |
| Sep-04 | 82.1 | 66.8 | 74.4 |
| Oct-04 | 82.0 | 67.1 | 74.6 |
| Nov-04 | 82.3 | 67.2 | 74.8 |
| Dec-04 | 82.1 | 67.3 | 74.7 |
| Jan-05 | 82.2 | 67.6 | 74.9 |
| Feb-05 | 82.4 | 67.8 | 75.1 |
| Mar-05 | 82.4 | 68.1 | 75.3 |
| Apr-05 | 82.8 | 68.2 | 75.5 |
| May-05 | 82.6 | 68.1 | 75.3 |
| Jun-05 | 82.7 | 68.3 | 75.5 |
| Jul-05 | 82.5 | 68.3 | 75.4 |
| Aug-05 | 82.9 | 68.4 | 75.6 |
| Sep-05 | 82.8 | 68.3 | 75.5 |
| Oct-05 | 82.6 | 68.4 | 75.5 |
| Nov-05 | 82.6 | 68.2 | 75.4 |
| Dec-05 | 82.7 | 68.3 | 75.5 |
| Jan-06 | 82.5 | 68.5 | 75.5 |
| Feb-06 | 82.7 | 68.3 | 75.5 |
| Mar-06 | 82.7 | 68.4 | 75.6 |
| Apr-06 | 82.6 | 68.6 | 75.6 |
| May-06 | 82.4 | 68.9 | 75.6 |
| Jun-06 | 82.7 | 69.0 | 75.8 |
| Jul-06 | 82.9 | 68.9 | 75.9 |
| Aug-06 | 82.9 | 69.1 | 76.0 |
| Sep-06 | 83.1 | 69.3 | 76.2 |
| Oct-06 | 82.8 | 68.8 | 75.8 |
| Nov-06 | 82.7 | 69.0 | 75.9 |
| Dec-06 | 82.9 | 69.4 | 76.1 |
| Jan-07 | 82.8 | 69.2 | 76.0 |
| Feb-07 | 82.8 | 69.3 | 76.0 |
| Mar-07 | 82.8 | 69.1 | 76.0 |
| Apr-07 | 82.9 | 69.2 | 76.1 |
| May-07 | 83.0 | 69.3 | 76.1 |
| Jun-07 | 83.0 | 69.2 | 76.1 |
| Jul-07 | 82.9 | 69.2 | 76.0 |
| Aug-07 | 83.0 | 69.4 | 76.2 |
| Sep-07 | 83.0 | 69.7 | 76.3 |
| Oct-07 | 82.9 | 69.7 | 76.3 |
| Nov-07 | 83.3 | 69.8 | 76.5 |
| Dec-07 | 83.3 | 69.8 | 76.5 |
| Jan-08 | 83.1 | 69.9 | 76.5 |
| Feb-08 | 83.0 | 69.8 | 76.4 |
| Mar-08 | 83.1 | 69.7 | 76.4 |
| Apr-08 | 83.1 | 70.3 | 76.7 |
| May-08 | 83.0 | 69.9 | 76.4 |
| Jun-08 | 83.3 | 70.0 | 76.7 |
| Jul-08 | 82.8 | 70.1 | 76.5 |
| Aug-08 | 82.9 | 70.0 | 76.4 |
| Sep-08 | 83.1 | 69.9 | 76.5 |
| Oct-08 | 83.1 | 70.0 | 76.5 |
| Nov-08 | 82.8 | 70.1 | 76.5 |
| Dec-08 | 83.0 | 69.8 | 76.4 |
| Jan-09 | 82.7 | 70.2 | 76.5 |
| Feb-09 | 82.7 | 70.7 | 76.7 |
| Mar-09 | 82.6 | 70.6 | 76.6 |
| Apr-09 | 82.7 | 70.4 | 76.6 |
| May-09 | 82.7 | 70.4 | 76.6 |
| Jun-09 | 82.5 | 70.2 | 76.3 |
| Jul-09 | 82.5 | 69.9 | 76.2 |
| Aug-09 | 82.6 | 69.7 | 76.1 |
| Sep-09 | 82.5 | 69.8 | 76.2 |
| Oct-09 | 82.4 | 69.9 | 76.2 |
| Nov-09 | 82.6 | 70.0 | 76.3 |
| Dec-09 | 82.7 | 69.9 | 76.3 |
| Jan-10 | 82.8 | 69.9 | 76.4 |
| Feb-10 | 82.7 | 69.6 | 76.2 |
| Mar-10 | 82.7 | 69.7 | 76.2 |
| Apr-10 | 82.8 | 69.7 | 76.3 |
| May-10 | 82.4 | 69.5 | 76.0 |
| Jun-10 | 82.6 | 69.8 | 76.2 |
| Jul-10 | 82.8 | 70.0 | 76.4 |
| Aug-10 | 82.8 | 70.1 | 76.4 |
| Sep-10 | 83.0 | 70.1 | 76.6 |
| Oct-10 | 83.2 | 70.4 | 76.8 |
| Nov-10 | 83.3 | 70.5 | 76.9 |
| Dec-10 | 83.4 | 70.3 | 76.8 |
| Jan-11 | 83.4 | 70.4 | 76.9 |
| Feb-11 | 83.2 | 70.3 | 76.7 |
| Mar-11 | 83.0 | 70.6 | 76.8 |
| Apr-11 | 82.8 | 70.3 | 76.5 |
| May-11 | 82.7 | 70.3 | 76.5 |
| Jun-11 | 82.6 | 70.5 | 76.6 |
| Jul-11 | 82.7 | 70.5 | 76.6 |
| Aug-11 | 82.9 | 70.6 | 76.7 |
| Sep-11 | 82.9 | 70.7 | 76.8 |
| Oct-11 | 82.7 | 70.6 | 76.6 |
| Nov-11 | 82.7 | 70.6 | 76.6 |
| Dec-11 | 82.5 | 70.2 | 76.3 |
| Jan-12 | 82.8 | 70.3 | 76.5 |
| Feb-12 | 82.5 | 70.3 | 76.4 |
| Mar-12 | 82.4 | 70.7 | 76.5 |
| Apr-12 | 82.3 | 70.2 | 76.3 |
| May-12 | 82.4 | 70.7 | 76.6 |
| Jun-12 | 82.3 | 70.4 | 76.3 |
| Jul-12 | 82.3 | 70.4 | 76.4 |
| Aug-12 | 82.4 | 70.1 | 76.2 |
| Sep-12 | 82.7 | 70.6 | 76.6 |
| Oct-12 | 82.6 | 70.4 | 76.5 |
| Nov-12 | 82.4 | 70.3 | 76.3 |
| Dec-12 | 82.7 | 70.4 | 76.5 |
| Jan-13 | 82.9 | 70.7 | 76.8 |
| Feb-13 | 82.6 | 70.6 | 76.6 |
| Mar-13 | 82.5 | 70.6 | 76.5 |
| Apr-13 | 82.4 | 70.8 | 76.6 |
| May-13 | 82.5 | 70.3 | 76.4 |
| Jun-13 | 82.6 | 70.5 | 76.6 |
| Jul-13 | 82.4 | 70.3 | 76.3 |
| Aug-13 | 82.4 | 70.5 | 76.4 |
| Sep-13 | 82.3 | 70.5 | 76.3 |
| Oct-13 | 82.3 | 70.4 | 76.3 |
| Nov-13 | 82.1 | 70.3 | 76.2 |
| Dec-13 | 82.0 | 70.1 | 76.0 |
| Jan-14 | 81.9 | 70.5 | 76.2 |
| Feb-14 | 81.8 | 70.4 | 76.1 |
| Mar-14 | 81.9 | 70.7 | 76.3 |
| Apr-14 | 82.0 | 70.2 | 76.1 |
| May-14 | 81.7 | 70.5 | 76.0 |
| Jun-14 | 82.1 | 70.5 | 76.3 |
| Jul-14 | 82.2 | 70.7 | 76.4 |
| Aug-14 | 82.1 | 70.5 | 76.3 |
| Sep-14 | 82.0 | 70.6 | 76.3 |
| Oct-14 | 82.2 | 70.6 | 76.3 |
| Nov-14 | 82.4 | 70.1 | 76.2 |
| Dec-14 | 82.2 | 70.8 | 76.5 |
| Jan-15 | 82.6 | 70.7 | 76.6 |
| Feb-15 | 82.7 | 70.9 | 76.8 |
| Mar-15 | 82.9 | 70.8 | 76.8 |
| Apr-15 | 82.6 | 70.9 | 76.7 |
| May-15 | 82.7 | 71.0 | 76.8 |
| Jun-15 | 82.6 | 71.0 | 76.8 |
| Jul-15 | 82.7 | 71.6 | 77.1 |
| Aug-15 | 82.6 | 71.2 | 76.9 |
| Sep-15 | 82.5 | 71.4 | 76.9 |
| Oct-15 | 82.8 | 71.6 | 77.2 |
| Nov-15 | 82.5 | 71.9 | 77.2 |
| Dec-15 | 82.5 | 71.8 | 77.1 |
| Jan-16 | 83.1 | 71.7 | 77.4 |
| Feb-16 | 82.5 | 71.7 | 77.1 |
| Mar-16 | 82.4 | 71.6 | 77.0 |
| Apr-16 | 82.1 | 71.7 | 76.9 |
| May-16 | 82.3 | 71.6 | 76.9 |
| Jun-16 | 82.1 | 71.8 | 77.0 |
| Jul-16 | 82.2 | 71.8 | 77.0 |
| Aug-16 | 82.0 | 71.3 | 76.7 |
| Sep-16 | 81.7 | 71.5 | 76.6 |
| Oct-16 | 81.8 | 71.3 | 76.5 |
| Nov-16 | 81.9 | 71.5 | 76.7 |
| Dec-16 | 82.0 | 71.6 | 76.8 |
| Jan-17 | 81.8 | 71.8 | 76.8 |
| Feb-17 | 82.0 | 71.5 | 76.7 |
| Mar-17 | 82.0 | 71.9 | 76.9 |
| Apr-17 | 82.0 | 71.9 | 76.9 |
| May-17 | 81.9 | 72.1 | 77.0 |
| Jun-17 | 82.0 | 72.4 | 77.2 |
| Jul-17 | 82.2 | 72.3 | 77.2 |
| Aug-17 | 82.2 | 72.6 | 77.4 |
| Sep-17 | 82.3 | 72.9 | 77.5 |
| Oct-17 | 82.1 | 72.8 | 77.4 |
| Nov-17 | 82.4 | 73.0 | 77.7 |
| Dec-17 | 82.5 | 73.2 | 77.8 |
| Jan-18 | 82.7 | 73.1 | 77.9 |
| Feb-18 | 82.4 | 73.1 | 77.7 |
| Mar-18 | 82.3 | 73.2 | 77.7 |
| Apr-18 | 82.3 | 73.1 | 77.7 |
| May-18 | 82.1 | 73.0 | 77.5 |
| Jun-18 | 82.5 | 73.2 | 77.8 |
| Jul-18 | 82.4 | 72.8 | 77.6 |
| Aug-18 | 82.5 | 73.2 | 77.8 |
| Sep-18 | 82.2 | 73.0 | 77.6 |
| Oct-18 | 82.2 | 73.1 | 77.7 |
| Nov-18 | 82.5 | 73.3 | 77.8 |
| Dec-18 | 82.5 | 73.3 | 77.8 |
| Jan-19 | 82.5 | 73.5 | 78.0 |
| Feb-19 | 82.4 | 73.4 | 77.9 |
| Mar-19 | 82.7 | 73.5 | 78.1 |
| Apr-19 | 82.6 | 74.0 | 78.2 |
| May-19 | 82.8 | 73.5 | 78.1 |
| Jun-19 | 82.8 | 73.7 | 78.2 |
| Jul-19 | 82.9 | 73.8 | 78.3 |
| Aug-19 | 83.2 | 74.0 | 78.6 |
| Sep-19 | 82.9 | 74.2 | 78.6 |
| Oct-19 | 82.6 | 74.1 | 78.3 |
| Nov-19 | 82.4 | 74.1 | 78.2 |
| Dec-19 | 82.7 | 74.1 | 78.4 |
| Jan-20 | 82.7 | 74.5 | 78.5 |
| Feb-20 | 82.4 | 74.1 | 78.3 |
| Mar-20 | 82.5 | 74.2 | 78.3 |
| Apr-20 | 80.4 | 71.1 | 75.8 |
| May-20 | 79.3 | 69.9 | 74.6 |
| Jun-20 | 80.7 | 72.0 | 76.3 |
| Jul-20 | 81.5 | 72.9 | 77.2 |
| Aug-20 | 81.7 | 73.5 | 77.6 |
| Sep-20 | 81.7 | 73.3 | 77.4 |
| Oct-20 | 82.7 | 74.1 | 78.3 |
| Nov-20 | 82.8 | 74.9 | 78.8 |
| Dec-20 | 82.9 | 74.7 | 78.8 |
| Jan-21 | 83.0 | 74.4 | 78.7 |
| Feb-21 | 82.7 | 74.6 | 78.7 |
| Mar-21 | 82.9 | 75.3 | 79.1 |
| Apr-21 | 82.8 | 74.8 | 78.8 |
| May-21 | 82.8 | 75.3 | 79.0 |
| Jun-21 | 83.1 | 75.4 | 79.2 |
| Jul-21 | 82.9 | 75.2 | 79.0 |
| Aug-21 | 82.1 | 74.3 | 78.2 |
| Sep-21 | 81.4 | 73.6 | 77.5 |
| Oct-21 | 81.7 | 73.6 | 77.6 |
| Nov-21 | 82.9 | 75.8 | 79.3 |
| Dec-21 | 83.1 | 75.7 | 79.4 |
| Jan-22 | 82.8 | 76.2 | 79.5 |
| Feb-22 | 83.1 | 76.3 | 79.7 |
| Mar-22 | 83.2 | 76.4 | 79.8 |
| Apr-22 | 83.0 | 76.4 | 79.7 |
| May-22 | 83.4 | 76.5 | 79.9 |
| Jun-22 | 83.4 | 76.8 | 80.1 |
| Jul-22 | 83.1 | 76.7 | 79.9 |
| Aug-22 | 83.5 | 76.9 | 80.2 |
| Sep-22 | 83.7 | 76.5 | 80.1 |
| Oct-22 | 83.2 | 76.6 | 79.9 |
| Nov-22 | 83.6 | 77.0 | 80.3 |
| Dec-22 | 83.5 | 76.6 | 80.0 |
| Jan-23 | 83.8 | 76.4 | 80.1 |
| Feb-23 | 83.6 | 76.5 | 80.0 |
| Mar-23 | 83.6 | 77.1 | 80.3 |
| Apr-23 | 83.5 | 76.8 | 80.2 |
| May-23 | 83.5 | 77.0 | 80.2 |
| Jun-23 | 83.4 | 77.0 | 80.1 |
| Jul-23 | 83.6 | 76.8 | 80.2 |
| Aug-23 | 83.7 | 76.9 | 80.3 |
| Sep-23 | 83.1 | 77.0 | 80.0 |
| Oct-23 | 83.3 | 77.2 | 80.2 |
| Nov-23 | 83.8 | 77.4 | 80.6 |
| Dec-23 | 83.4 | 77.1 | 80.2 |
| Jan-24 | 83.3 | 77.0 | 80.1 |
| Feb-24 | 83.2 | 77.0 | 80.1 |
| Mar-24 | 83.2 | 76.9 | 80.0 |
| Apr-24 | 83.3 | 76.9 | 80.1 |
| May-24 | 83.5 | 76.8 | 80.1 |
| Jun-24 | 83.6 | 77.0 | 80.3 |
| Jul-24 | 83.9 | 77.3 | 80.6 |
Participation rate, people aged 15-64 (seasonally adjusted)
["","Males","Females","Persons"]
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[]
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Gender pay gap
In May 2024, the gender pay gap, based on mean weekly ordinary time earnings of full-time adult employees, was 11.5%, down from 13.0% in May 2023.
Compared to 20 years ago (May 2004), the gender pay gap has fallen 3.7 percentage points (from 15.2%).
The gender pay gap is the difference in the earnings of men and women, expressed as a proportion of men's earnings. Analysing the gender pay gap is complex and there is no single measure that can provide a complete picture. See Gender indicators for the range of ABS gender pay gap measures. Mean weekly ordinary time earnings of full-time adult employees (excluding salary sacrifice) is used here as this has traditionally been the most commonly cited measure of the gender pay gap.
| Gender pay gap(b) (%) | Male ($) | Female ($) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| May-04 | 15.2 | 993.2 | 842.0 |
| Nov-04 | 15.1 | 1,019.5 | 865.3 |
| May-05 | 15.0 | 1,049.7 | 892.3 |
| Nov-05 | 15.0 | 1,068.0 | 908.3 |
| May-06 | 15.2 | 1,083.8 | 919.1 |
| Nov-06 | 16.3 | 1,109.2 | 928.2 |
| May-07 | 16.1 | 1,142.3 | 958.1 |
| Nov-07 | 15.5 | 1,162.7 | 982.8 |
| May-08 | 15.8 | 1,188.4 | 1,000.1 |
| Nov-08 | 16.4 | 1,232.3 | 1,030.3 |
| May-09 | 16.9 | 1,267.7 | 1,053.7 |
| Nov-09 | 17.5 | 1,311.2 | 1,081.3 |
| May-10 | 17.2 | 1,334.4 | 1,104.5 |
| Nov-10 | 16.9 | 1,361.5 | 1,130.9 |
| May-11 | 17.7 | 1,397.7 | 1,150.2 |
| Nov-11 | 17.3 | 1,420.2 | 1,174.1 |
| May-12 | 17.6 | 1,443.5 | 1,189.6 |
| Nov-12 | 17.5 | 1,491.8 | 1,230.1 |
| May-13 | 17.5 | 1,516.4 | 1,250.5 |
| Nov-13 | 17.1 | 1,532.1 | 1,270.5 |
| May-14 | 18.3 | 1,560.5 | 1,274.4 |
| Nov-14 | 18.6 | 1,587.5 | 1,292.7 |
| May-15 | 17.9 | 1,591.6 | 1,307.4 |
| Nov-15 | 17.2 | 1,603.6 | 1,327.6 |
| May-16 | 16.2 | 1,613.5 | 1,352.1 |
| Nov-16 | 16.0 | 1,631.9 | 1,370.3 |
| May-17 | 15.3 | 1,637.2 | 1,386.6 |
| Nov-17 | 15.3 | 1,665.0 | 1,410.8 |
| May-18 | 14.5 | 1,677.1 | 1,433.4 |
| Nov-18 | 14.1 | 1,696.5 | 1,456.5 |
| May-19 | 14.0 | 1,727.7 | 1,485.5 |
| Nov-19 | 13.9 | 1,750.8 | 1,508.3 |
| May-20 | 14.0 | 1,812.0 | 1,558.4 |
| Nov-20 | 13.4 | 1,804.2 | 1,562.0 |
| May-21 | 14.2 | 1,837.0 | 1,575.5 |
| Nov-21 | 13.8 | 1,846.5 | 1,591.2 |
| May-22 | 14.1 | 1,872.9 | 1,609.0 |
| Nov-22 | 13.3 | 1,907.1 | 1,653.6 |
| May-23 | 13.0 | 1,938.3 | 1,686.0 |
| Nov-23 | 12.0 | 1,982.8 | 1,744.8 |
| May-24 | 11.5 | 2,014.3 | 1,782.8 |
Mean weekly ordinary time earnings of full-time adult employees (a)
["","Gender pay gap(b) (%)","Male","Female"]
[["May-04","Nov-04","May-05","Nov-05","May-06","Nov-06","May-07","Nov-07","May-08","Nov-08","May-09","Nov-09","May-10","Nov-10","May-11","Nov-11","May-12","Nov-12","May-13","Nov-13","May-14","Nov-14","May-15","Nov-15","May-16","Nov-16","May-17","Nov-17","May-18","Nov-18","May-19","Nov-19","May-20","Nov-20","May-21","Nov-21","May-22","Nov-22","May-23","Nov-23","May-24"],[[15.223519939999999],[15.1250613],[14.99476041],[14.95318352],[15.196530729999999],[16.318067079999999],[16.12536111],[15.472606860000001],[15.84483339],[16.392112310000002],[16.880965530000001],[17.533557049999999],[17.228717029999999],[16.93720162],[17.707662590000002],[17.32854528],[17.589192929999999],[17.54256603],[17.534951199999998],[17.074603490000001],[18.333867349999998],[18.57007874],[17.85624529],[17.211274629999998],[16.2008057],[16.030394019999999],[15.306621059999999],[15.26726727],[14.53103572],[14.14677277],[14.01863749],[13.85081106],[13.995584989999999],[13.42423235],[14.23516603],[13.8261576],[14.09044797],[13.292433539999999],[13.0165609],[12.00322776],[11.49282629]],[[993.20000000000005],[1019.5],[1049.7],[1068],[1083.8],[1109.2],[1142.3],[1162.7],[1188.4000000000001],[1232.3],[1267.7],[1311.2],[1334.4000000000001],[1361.5],[1397.7],[1420.2],[1443.5],[1491.8],[1516.4000000000001],[1532.0999999999999],[1560.5],[1587.5],[1591.5999999999999],[1603.5999999999999],[1613.5],[1631.9000000000001],[1637.2],[1665],[1677.0999999999999],[1696.5],[1727.7],[1750.8],[1812],[1804.2],[1837],[1846.5],[1872.9000000000001],[1907.0999999999999],[1938.3],[1982.8],[2014.3]],[[842],[865.29999999999995],[892.29999999999995],[908.29999999999995],[919.10000000000002],[928.20000000000005],[958.10000000000002],[982.79999999999995],[1000.1],[1030.3],[1053.7],[1081.3],[1104.5],[1130.9000000000001],[1150.2],[1174.0999999999999],[1189.5999999999999],[1230.0999999999999],[1250.5],[1270.5],[1274.4000000000001],[1292.7],[1307.4000000000001],[1327.5999999999999],[1352.0999999999999],[1370.3],[1386.5999999999999],[1410.8],[1433.4000000000001],[1456.5],[1485.5],[1508.3],[1558.4000000000001],[1562],[1575.5],[1591.2],[1609],[1653.5999999999999],[1686],[1744.8],[1782.8]]]
[]
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- The gender pay gap is calculated by subtracting female earnings from male earnings, dividing the result by male earnings and then multiplying by 100. See ABS Gender pay gap guide for more information.
Differences across groups
People with disability
In 2022, the employment rate for people aged 15-64 years was:
- 56.1% for people with disability, up from 47.8% in 2018
- 82.3% for people without disability, up from 80.3% in 2018.
In 2022, the participation rate for people aged 15-64 years was:
- 60.5% for people with disability, up from 53.4% in 2018
- 84.9% for people without disability, up from 84.1% in 2018.
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people
According to Closing the Gap, in 2021, 55.7% of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people aged 25-64 years were employed.
This is an increase from 51.0% in 2016.
Disaggregation
Further information on employment, participation in the labour force, and the gender pay gap is available via the links below.
Employment, participation in the labour force: ABS Labour Force, Australia and ABS Labour Force, Australia, Detailed.
Employment, participation in the labour force: ABS Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers, Australia - Disability table 8
- Disability status
- Sex
Employment: Productivity Commission Closing the Gap dashboard - socio-economic outcome area 8
- Sex
- Age
- Remoteness area
- Index of Relative Socio-economic Disadvantage (IRSD)
- Disability status
- Educational attainment
- Type of employment.