Labour Force, Australia, September 2022

In trend terms, in September 2022:

unemployment rate remained at 3.5%.
participation rate increased to 66.7%.
employment increased to 13,608,200.
employment to population ratio remained at 64.3%.
underemployment rate remained at 6.0%.
monthly hours worked increased 0.1% to 1,859 million.

Key statistics - Seasonally adjusted
	Aug-2022	Sep-2022	Monthly change	Monthly change (%)	Yearly change	Yearly change (%)
Employed people	13,589,900	13,590,800	900	0.0%	691,200	5.4%
Unemployed people	490,600	499,400	8,800	1.8%	-133,000	-21.0%
Unemployment rate	3.5%	3.5%	0.1 pts	na	-1.1 pts	na
Underemployment rate	6.0%	6.0%	0.1 pts	na	-3.2 pts	na
Participation rate	66.6%	66.6%	0.0 pts	na	1.9 pts	na
Monthly hours worked in all jobs	1,854 million	1,853 million	-1 million	0.0%	124 million	7.1%

Key statistics - Trend
	Aug-2022	Sep-2022	Monthly change	Monthly change (%)	Yearly change	Yearly change (%)
Employed people	13,592,800	13,608,200	15,400	0.1%	469,400	3.6%
Unemployed people	496,700	494,400	-2,300	-0.5%	-142,900	-22.4%
Unemployment rate	3.5%	3.5%	0.0 pts	na	-1.1 pts	na
Underemployment rate	6.0%	6.0%	0.0 pts	na	-3.2 pts	na
Participation rate	66.6%	66.7%	0.0 pts	na	0.8 pts	na
Monthly hours worked in all jobs	1,856 million	1,859 million	3 million	0.1%	123 million	7.1%

Estimates of changes throughout this release are calculated using un-rounded level estimates and may be different from, but are more accurate than, movements obtained from the rounded level estimates.

Survey impacts and changes

Reinstating Trend data

Commencing with this issue, the ABS has reinstated Labour Force Trend estimates (including for the entire COVID period in the spreadsheets) and reverted to concurrent seasonal adjustment. Trend series in Labour Force, Australia, Detailed will become available in two stages, with monthly series released on 27 October and quarterly series on 22 December 2022. For further information, see Seasonal adjustment and trend estimates below.

Articles and other information

The ABS has again included more detailed information given the interest in understanding

hours worked and comparisons with the labour market before the monthly Labour Force Survey commenced in 1978.

This detailed information can be found in:

For a list of previously published LFS articles, see the Article archive.

The ABS is also continuing to include data cubes EM2a and EM2b in this release. These two data cubes are usually only released in Labour Force, Australia, Detailed, but will continue to be released in the headline release over the coming months, to enable more detailed analysis of changes in hours worked and the reasons that people are working reduced or no hours.

Additional spreadsheets and pivot tables are published in Labour Force, Australia, Detailed one week after this release, while longitudinal labour force microdata are released in the ABS DataLab, on 28 October 2022 (see Microdata: Longitudinal Labour Force, Australia).

Seasonal adjustment and trend estimates

Major rebenchmarking of labour force estimates

Survey response and timeline

Reference and Enumeration Dates
Publication	Start of Reference Week	End of Reference Week	Start of Enumeration	End of Enumeration
Aug-22	31st July 2022	13th August 2022	7th August 2022	27th August 2022
Sep-22	4th September 2022	17th September 2022	11th September 2022	1st October 2022
Oct-22	2nd October 2022	15th October 2022	9th October 2022	29th October 2022
Nov-22	30th October 2022	12th November 2022	6th November 2022	26th November 2022
Dec-22	27th November 2022	10th December 2022	4th December 2022	22nd December 2022
Jan-23	1st January 2023	14th January 2023	8th January 2023	28th January 2023

Unemployment

In seasonally adjusted terms, in September 2022:

unemployment rate remained at 3.5%.
unemployment rate was 1.7 pts below March 2020.
unemployed people increased by 8,800 to 499,400.
unemployed people was 214,200 lower than March 2020.
youth unemployment rate decreased to 7.9%.
youth unemployment rate was 3.7 pts lower than March 2020.

Unemployment rate
	Trend (%)	Seasonally adjusted (%)
Sep-12	5.3	5.5
Oct-12	5.3	5.4
Nov-12	5.4	5.3
Dec-12	5.4	5.4
Jan-13	5.4	5.4
Feb-13	5.5	5.4
Mar-13	5.6	5.6
Apr-13	5.6	5.6
May-13	5.6	5.6
Jun-13	5.7	5.7
Jul-13	5.7	5.6
Aug-13	5.7	5.8
Sep-13	5.8	5.7
Oct-13	5.8	5.8
Nov-13	5.8	5.8
Dec-13	5.9	5.9
Jan-14	5.8	5.9
Feb-14	5.8	5.9
Mar-14	5.8	5.9
Apr-14	5.9	5.8
May-14	5.9	5.9
Jun-14	6.0	6.0
Jul-14	6.1	6.2
Aug-14	6.2	6.1
Sep-14	6.3	6.2
Oct-14	6.3	6.4
Nov-14	6.3	6.3
Dec-14	6.3	6.1
Jan-15	6.2	6.3
Feb-15	6.2	6.1
Mar-15	6.1	6.1
Apr-15	6.1	6.1
May-15	6.1	5.9
Jun-15	6.1	6.0
Jul-15	6.1	6.3
Aug-15	6.0	6.1
Sep-15	6.0	6.2
Oct-15	5.9	5.9
Nov-15	5.9	5.9
Dec-15	5.8	5.7
Jan-16	5.8	6.0
Feb-16	5.7	5.7
Mar-16	5.7	5.6
Apr-16	5.7	5.6
May-16	5.7	5.7
Jun-16	5.6	5.7
Jul-16	5.6	5.7
Aug-16	5.6	5.6
Sep-16	5.6	5.6
Oct-16	5.7	5.6
Nov-16	5.7	5.8
Dec-16	5.8	5.8
Jan-17	5.8	5.7
Feb-17	5.8	5.8
Mar-17	5.8	5.8
Apr-17	5.7	5.6
May-17	5.7	5.5
Jun-17	5.6	5.6
Jul-17	5.6	5.6
Aug-17	5.5	5.5
Sep-17	5.5	5.5
Oct-17	5.5	5.4
Nov-17	5.5	5.4
Dec-17	5.5	5.6
Jan-18	5.5	5.5
Feb-18	5.5	5.6
Mar-18	5.5	5.5
Apr-18	5.5	5.5
May-18	5.4	5.4
Jun-18	5.4	5.3
Jul-18	5.3	5.3
Aug-18	5.2	5.3
Sep-18	5.2	5.0
Oct-18	5.1	5.0
Nov-18	5.0	5.1
Dec-18	5.0	5.0
Jan-19	5.0	5.1
Feb-19	5.0	5.0
Mar-19	5.1	5.1
Apr-19	5.1	5.2
May-19	5.2	5.2
Jun-19	5.2	5.3
Jul-19	5.2	5.3
Aug-19	5.3	5.3
Sep-19	5.2	5.2
Oct-19	5.2	5.3
Nov-19	5.2	5.2
Dec-19	5.1	5.0
Jan-20	5.2	5.3
Feb-20	5.2	5.1
Mar-20	5.3	5.2
Apr-20		6.3
May-20		7.0
Jun-20		7.4
Jul-20		7.5
Aug-20		6.8
Sep-20		6.9
Oct-20		6.9
Nov-20		6.8
Dec-20		6.6
Jan-21		6.4
Feb-21		5.8
Mar-21		5.6
Apr-21		5.4
May-21		5.1
Jun-21		5.0
Jul-21		4.7
Aug-21		4.6
Sep-21		4.7
Oct-21		5.2
Nov-21		4.6
Dec-21		4.2
Jan-22		4.2
Feb-22		4.0
Mar-22		3.9
Apr-22	3.8	3.9
May-22	3.7	3.9
Jun-22	3.6	3.5
Jul-22	3.6	3.4
Aug-22	3.5	3.5
Sep-22	3.5	3.5

Unemployment rate

["","Trend","Seasonally adjusted"]

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[5.2000000000000002],[4.5999999999999996],[4.2000000000000002],[4.2000000000000002],[4],[3.8999999999999999],[3.8999999999999999],[3.8999999999999999],[3.5],[3.3999999999999999],[3.5],[3.5]]]

[]

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Large month-to-month changes occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in multiple trend breaks. The ABS recommends caution when using trend estimates published in spreadsheets in this release for this period. Information on trend breaks can be found in Labour Force, Australia methodology, September 2022.

Employment

In seasonally adjusted terms, in September 2022, employment:

increased by 900 people (0.0%) to 13,590,800 people.
was 596,000 people (4.6%) higher than March 2020.

Flows into and out of employment

Monthly inflows, outflows and employment growth, Original
	Employed people growth ('000)	Inflow ('000)	Outflow ('000)
Sep-17	88	461	-380
Oct-17	17	402	-402
Nov-17	103	442	-352
Dec-17	114	414	-390
Jan-18	-263	360	-652
Feb-18	223	649	-382
Mar-18	-33	409	-426
Apr-18	31	398	-395
May-18	47	431	-401
Jun-18	36	407	-403
Jul-18	-33	430	-440
Aug-18	-28	419	-415
Sep-18	68	476	-405
Oct-18	39	422	-435
Nov-18	87	439	-375
Dec-18	98	442	-403
Jan-19	-236	428	-680
Feb-19	199	611	-361
Mar-19	-17	410	-432
Apr-19	46	445	-396
May-19	89	413	-377
Jun-19	-31	382	-455
Jul-19	-2	437	-472
Aug-19	-29	469	-436
Sep-19	68	447	-377
Oct-19	-26	396	-462
Nov-19	95	449	-397
Dec-19	102	443	-411
Jan-20	-266	415	-709
Feb-20	221	644	-397
Mar-20	-48	435	-464
Apr-20	-592	356	-952
May-20	-220	585	-783
Jun-20	200	610	-422
Jul-20	80	559	-437
Aug-20	91	523	-495
Sep-20	5	488	-437
Oct-20	168	548	-411
Nov-20	146	525	-356
Dec-20	114	502	-391
Jan-21	-261	421	-664
Feb-21	302	676	-355
Mar-21	27	474	-415
Apr-21	-27	498	-480
May-21	168	509	-371
Jun-21	-19	422	-460
Jul-21	-22	499	-546
Aug-21	-208	460	-646
Sep-21	-97	520	-634
Oct-21	-33	538	-541
Nov-21	448	839	-403
Dec-21	166	537	-411
Jan-22	-269	440	-790
Feb-22	339	726	-389
Mar-22	-19	456	-483
Apr-22	0	563	-491
May-22	113	480	-385
Jun-22	16	441	-404
Jul-22	-53	499	-506
Aug-22	-45	469	-450
Sep-22	24	488	-446

Employed people
	Trend ('000)	Seasonally adjusted ('000)
Sep-12	11,371.0	11,392.2
Oct-12	11,381.2	11,391.7
Nov-12	11,393.8	11,385.3
Dec-12	11,408.1	11,395.8
Jan-13	11,422.1	11,461.5
Feb-13	11,435.6	11,465.6
Mar-13	11,446.7	11,433.9
Apr-13	11,454.9	11,465.5
May-13	11,460.8	11,458.5
Jun-13	11,465.0	11,470.7
Jul-13	11,467.4	11,457.7
Aug-13	11,467.0	11,460.3
Sep-13	11,463.2	11,477.4
Oct-13	11,457.7	11,471.7
Nov-13	11,454.2	11,449.4
Dec-13	11,455.5	11,417.8
Jan-14	11,463.7	11,454.1
Feb-14	11,478.3	11,476.2
Mar-14	11,497.2	11,530.6
Apr-14	11,515.8	11,535.8
May-14	11,530.1	11,513.9
Jun-14	11,538.8	11,529.4
Jul-14	11,544.0	11,546.4
Aug-14	11,548.2	11,549.4
Sep-14	11,554.2	11,549.9
Oct-14	11,564.2	11,544.4
Nov-14	11,578.5	11,544.2
Dec-14	11,597.4	11,596.6
Jan-15	11,620.5	11,606.1
Feb-15	11,645.9	11,671.4
Mar-15	11,671.3	11,691.9
Apr-15	11,694.6	11,689.8
May-15	11,715.8	11,734.4
Jun-15	11,737.0	11,728.7
Jul-15	11,760.4	11,761.5
Aug-15	11,788.0	11,772.5
Sep-15	11,819.5	11,787.7
Oct-15	11,851.1	11,863.8
Nov-15	11,880.7	11,896.7
Dec-15	11,905.0	11,904.3
Jan-16	11,922.3	11,907.2
Feb-16	11,934.8	11,922.7
Mar-16	11,944.6	11,940.3
Apr-16	11,954.2	11,945.5
May-16	11,964.0	11,942.5
Jun-16	11,972.8	11,965.3
Jul-16	11,980.6	11,996.4
Aug-16	11,987.6	11,973.5
Sep-16	11,993.8	11,958.7
Oct-16	12,000.5	11,990.7
Nov-16	12,008.9	12,013.8
Dec-16	12,020.8	12,033.8
Jan-17	12,040.1	12,050.5
Feb-17	12,067.4	12,051.5
Mar-17	12,102.8	12,116.0
Apr-17	12,144.7	12,167.5
May-17	12,188.5	12,191.1
Jun-17	12,230.8	12,228.7
Jul-17	12,269.9	12,258.2
Aug-17	12,305.6	12,314.6
Sep-17	12,339.2	12,352.1
Oct-17	12,371.4	12,361.2
Nov-17	12,402.3	12,412.2
Dec-17	12,430.0	12,447.5
Jan-18	12,452.6	12,479.0
Feb-18	12,469.4	12,472.4
Mar-18	12,483.7	12,488.7
Apr-18	12,498.9	12,506.2
May-18	12,518.5	12,499.3
Jun-18	12,544.6	12,578.7
Jul-18	12,575.1	12,569.9
Aug-18	12,607.5	12,618.2
Sep-18	12,639.3	12,639.9
Oct-18	12,667.6	12,671.7
Nov-18	12,691.1	12,702.5
Dec-18	12,712.3	12,717.2
Jan-19	12,734.4	12,745.8
Feb-19	12,759.3	12,743.0
Mar-19	12,787.4	12,777.2
Apr-19	12,818.6	12,815.2
May-19	12,850.5	12,841.9
Jun-19	12,879.8	12,857.9
Jul-19	12,904.0	12,879.6
Aug-19	12,922.5	12,928.3
Sep-19	12,936.5	12,956.7
Oct-19	12,948.8	12,920.9
Nov-19	12,960.6	12,957.8
Dec-19	12,971.3	12,974.0
Jan-20	12,977.9	12,980.8
Feb-20	12,980.0	12,994.0
Mar-20	12,978.4	12,994.8
Apr-20		12,403.3
May-20		12,120.5
Jun-20		12,361.4
Jul-20		12,465.7
Aug-20		12,624.6
Sep-20		12,599.0
Oct-20		12,755.0
Nov-20		12,846.8
Dec-20		12,874.6
Jan-21		12,890.5
Feb-21		12,973.2
Mar-21		13,048.7
Apr-21		13,026.0
May-21		13,122.0
Jun-21		13,153.2
Jul-21		13,154.7
Aug-21		13,020.0
Sep-21		12,899.6
Oct-21		12,851.2
Nov-21		13,241.7
Dec-21		13,311.7
Jan-22		13,331.1
Feb-22		13,436.6
Mar-22		13,472.4
Apr-22	13,511.7	13,482.6
May-22	13,541.4	13,522.0
Jun-22	13,562.5	13,590.3
Jul-22	13,578.5	13,553.6
Aug-22	13,592.8	13,589.9
Sep-22	13,608.2	13,590.8

Employed people

["","Trend","Seasonally adjusted"]

[["Sep-12","Oct-12","Nov-12","Dec-12","Jan-13","Feb-13","Mar-13","Apr-13","May-13","Jun-13","Jul-13","Aug-13","Sep-13","Oct-13","Nov-13","Dec-13","Jan-14","Feb-14","Mar-14","Apr-14","May-14","Jun-14","Jul-14","Aug-14","Sep-14","Oct-14","Nov-14","Dec-14","Jan-15","Feb-15","Mar-15","Apr-15","May-15","Jun-15","Jul-15","Aug-15","Sep-15","Oct-15","Nov-15","Dec-15","Jan-16","Feb-16","Mar-16","Apr-16","May-16","Jun-16","Jul-16","Aug-16","Sep-16","Oct-16","Nov-16","Dec-16","Jan-17","Feb-17","Mar-17","Apr-17","May-17","Jun-17","Jul-17","Aug-17","Sep-17","Oct-17","Nov-17","Dec-17","Jan-18","Feb-18","Mar-18","Apr-18","May-18","Jun-18","Jul-18","Aug-18","Sep-18","Oct-18","Nov-18","Dec-18","Jan-19","Feb-19","Mar-19","Apr-19","May-19","Jun-19","Jul-19","Aug-19","Sep-19","Oct-19","Nov-19","Dec-19","Jan-20","Feb-20","Mar-20","Apr-20","May-20","Jun-20","Jul-20","Aug-20","Sep-20","Oct-20","Nov-20","Dec-20","Jan-21","Feb-21","Mar-21","Apr-21","May-21","Jun-21","Jul-21","Aug-21","Sep-21","Oct-21","Nov-21","Dec-21","Jan-22","Feb-22","Mar-22","Apr-22","May-22","Jun-22","Jul-22","Aug-22","Sep-22"],[[11371],[11381.200000000001],[11393.799999999999],[11408.1],[11422.1],[11435.6],[11446.700000000001],[11454.9],[11460.799999999999],[11465],[11467.4],[11467],[11463.200000000001],[11457.700000000001],[11454.200000000001],[11455.5],[11463.700000000001],[11478.299999999999],[11497.200000000001],[11515.799999999999],[11530.1],[11538.799999999999],[11544],[11548.200000000001],[11554.200000000001],[11564.200000000001],[11578.5],[11597.4],[11620.5],[11645.9],[11671.299999999999],[11694.6],[11715.799999999999],[11737],[11760.4],[11788],[11819.5],[11851.1],[11880.700000000001],[11905],[11922.299999999999],[11934.799999999999],[11944.6],[11954.200000000001],[11964],[11972.799999999999],[11980.6],[11987.6],[11993.799999999999],[12000.5],[12008.9],[12020.799999999999],[12040.1],[12067.4],[12102.799999999999],[12144.700000000001],[12188.5],[12230.799999999999],[12269.9],[12305.6],[12339.200000000001],[12371.4],[12402.299999999999],[12430],[12452.6],[12469.4],[12483.700000000001],[12498.9],[12518.5],[12544.6],[12575.1],[12607.5],[12639.299999999999],[12667.6],[12691.1],[12712.299999999999],[12734.4],[12759.299999999999],[12787.4],[12818.6],[12850.5],[12879.799999999999],[12904],[12922.5],[12936.5],[12948.799999999999],[12960.6],[12971.299999999999],[12977.9],[12980],[12978.4],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[13511.700000000001],[13541.4],[13562.5],[13578.5],[13592.799999999999],[13608.200000000001]],[[11392.200000000001],[11391.700000000001],[11385.299999999999],[11395.799999999999],[11461.5],[11465.6],[11433.9],[11465.5],[11458.5],[11470.700000000001],[11457.700000000001],[11460.299999999999],[11477.4],[11471.700000000001],[11449.4],[11417.799999999999],[11454.1],[11476.200000000001],[11530.6],[11535.799999999999],[11513.9],[11529.4],[11546.4],[11549.4],[11549.9],[11544.4],[11544.200000000001],[11596.6],[11606.1],[11671.4],[11691.9],[11689.799999999999],[11734.4],[11728.700000000001],[11761.5],[11772.5],[11787.700000000001],[11863.799999999999],[11896.700000000001],[11904.299999999999],[11907.200000000001],[11922.700000000001],[11940.299999999999],[11945.5],[11942.5],[11965.299999999999],[11996.4],[11973.5],[11958.700000000001],[11990.700000000001],[12013.799999999999],[12033.799999999999],[12050.5],[12051.5],[12116],[12167.5],[12191.1],[12228.700000000001],[12258.200000000001],[12314.6],[12352.1],[12361.200000000001],[12412.200000000001],[12447.5],[12479],[12472.4],[12488.700000000001],[12506.200000000001],[12499.299999999999],[12578.700000000001],[12569.9],[12618.200000000001],[12639.9],[12671.700000000001],[12702.5],[12717.200000000001],[12745.799999999999],[12743],[12777.200000000001],[12815.200000000001],[12841.9],[12857.9],[12879.6],[12928.299999999999],[12956.700000000001],[12920.9],[12957.799999999999],[12974],[12980.799999999999],[12994],[12994.799999999999],[12403.299999999999],[12120.5],[12361.4],[12465.700000000001],[12624.6],[12599],[12755],[12846.799999999999],[12874.6],[12890.5],[12973.200000000001],[13048.700000000001],[13026],[13122],[13153.200000000001],[13154.700000000001],[13020],[12899.6],[12851.200000000001],[13241.700000000001],[13311.700000000001],[13331.1],[13436.6],[13472.4],[13482.6],[13522],[13590.299999999999],[13553.6],[13589.9],[13590.799999999999]]]

[]

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[{"value":"0","axis_id":"0","axis_title":"'000","axis_units":"","tooltip_units":"('000)","table_units":"('000)","axis_min":null,"axis_max":null,"tick_interval":null,"precision":"1","data_unit_prefix":"","data_unit_suffix":"","reverse_axis":false}]

Large month-to-month changes occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in multiple trend breaks. The ABS recommends caution when using trend estimates published in spreadsheets in this release for this period. Information on trend breaks can be found in Labour Force, Australia methodology, September 2022.

Full-time and part-time employment

In seasonally adjusted terms, in September 2022:

full-time employment increased by 13,300 to 9,478,400 people, and part-time employment decreased by 12,400 to 4,112,400 people.
part-time share of employment was 30.3%, 1.5 pts lower than in March 2020.

Employment-to-population ratio

In seasonally adjusted terms, in September 2022, the employment-to-population ratio:

decreased to 64.2%.
was higher than March 2020 by 1.8 pts.

The employment-to-population ratio provides a measure of employment relative to the size of the population.

Employment-to-population ratio
	Trend (%)	Seasonally adjusted (%)
Sep-12	61.6	61.7
Oct-12	61.6	61.7
Nov-12	61.6	61.5
Dec-12	61.6	61.5
Jan-13	61.5	61.8
Feb-13	61.5	61.7
Mar-13	61.5	61.4
Apr-13	61.4	61.5
May-13	61.4	61.4
Jun-13	61.3	61.4
Jul-13	61.3	61.2
Aug-13	61.2	61.1
Sep-13	61.1	61.2
Oct-13	61.0	61.1
Nov-13	60.9	60.9
Dec-13	60.8	60.7
Jan-14	60.8	60.7
Feb-14	60.8	60.8
Mar-14	60.8	60.9
Apr-14	60.8	60.9
May-14	60.8	60.7
Jun-14	60.8	60.8
Jul-14	60.8	60.8
Aug-14	60.7	60.7
Sep-14	60.7	60.6
Oct-14	60.7	60.5
Nov-14	60.7	60.5
Dec-14	60.7	60.7
Jan-15	60.7	60.6
Feb-15	60.8	60.9
Mar-15	60.8	60.9
Apr-15	60.9	60.8
May-15	60.9	61.0
Jun-15	60.9	60.9
Jul-15	61.0	61.0
Aug-15	61.1	61.0
Sep-15	61.2	61.0
Oct-15	61.3	61.3
Nov-15	61.3	61.4
Dec-15	61.4	61.4
Jan-16	61.4	61.3
Feb-16	61.3	61.3
Mar-16	61.3	61.3
Apr-16	61.3	61.2
May-16	61.2	61.1
Jun-16	61.2	61.2
Jul-16	61.2	61.3
Aug-16	61.1	61.0
Sep-16	61.1	60.9
Oct-16	61.0	61.0
Nov-16	61.0	61.0
Dec-16	60.9	61.0
Jan-17	60.9	61.0
Feb-17	61.0	60.9
Mar-17	61.1	61.1
Apr-17	61.2	61.3
May-17	61.3	61.3
Jun-17	61.4	61.4
Jul-17	61.6	61.5
Aug-17	61.7	61.7
Sep-17	61.8	61.8
Oct-17	61.8	61.8
Nov-17	61.9	62.0
Dec-17	62.0	62.1
Jan-18	62.0	62.1
Feb-18	62.0	62.0
Mar-18	62.0	62.0
Apr-18	61.9	62.0
May-18	62.0	61.9
Jun-18	62.0	62.2
Jul-18	62.1	62.0
Aug-18	62.1	62.2
Sep-18	62.2	62.2
Oct-18	62.3	62.3
Nov-18	62.3	62.4
Dec-18	62.3	62.4
Jan-19	62.3	62.4
Feb-19	62.4	62.3
Mar-19	62.4	62.3
Apr-19	62.5	62.5
May-19	62.6	62.5
Jun-19	62.6	62.5
Jul-19	62.7	62.5
Aug-19	62.7	62.7
Sep-19	62.6	62.7
Oct-19	62.6	62.5
Nov-19	62.6	62.6
Dec-19	62.5	62.6
Jan-20	62.5	62.5
Feb-20	62.4	62.5
Mar-20	62.3	62.4
Apr-20		59.5
May-20		58.1
Jun-20		59.3
Jul-20		59.8
Aug-20		60.6
Sep-20		60.4
Oct-20		61.2
Nov-20		61.6
Dec-20		61.7
Jan-21		61.8
Feb-21		62.2
Mar-21		62.5
Apr-21		62.4
May-21		62.8
Jun-21		62.9
Jul-21		62.9
Aug-21		62.3
Sep-21		61.7
Oct-21		61.4
Nov-21		63.2
Dec-21		63.4
Jan-22		63.4
Feb-22		63.8
Mar-22		63.8
Apr-22	64.1	63.9
May-22	64.1	64.1
Jun-22	64.2	64.4
Jul-22	64.3	64.1
Aug-22	64.3	64.3
Sep-22	64.3	64.2

Employment-to-population ratio

["","Trend","Seasonally adjusted"]

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[63.799999999999997],[63.899999999999999],[64.099999999999994],[64.400000000000006],[64.099999999999994],[64.299999999999997],[64.200000000000003]]]

[]

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[{"value":"0","axis_id":"0","axis_title":"%","axis_units":"","tooltip_units":"(%)","table_units":"(%)","axis_min":null,"axis_max":null,"tick_interval":null,"precision":"-1","data_unit_prefix":"","data_unit_suffix":"","reverse_axis":false}]

Large month-to-month changes occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in multiple trend breaks. The ABS recommends caution when using trend estimates published in spreadsheets in this release for this period. Information on trend breaks can be found in Labour Force, Australia methodology, September 2022.

Employment-to-population ratio, Seasonally adjusted
	People (%)	Males (%)	Females (%)
Sep-12	61.7	67.7	55.9
Oct-12	61.7	67.9	55.5
Nov-12	61.5	67.7	55.5
Dec-12	61.5	67.9	55.3
Jan-13	61.8	68.0	55.7
Feb-13	61.7	67.8	55.7
Mar-13	61.4	67.4	55.6
Apr-13	61.5	67.5	55.7
May-13	61.4	67.5	55.4
Jun-13	61.4	67.5	55.4
Jul-13	61.2	67.2	55.4
Aug-13	61.1	67.1	55.3
Sep-13	61.2	67.1	55.4
Oct-13	61.1	67.0	55.3
Nov-13	60.9	66.8	55.1
Dec-13	60.7	66.6	54.9
Jan-14	60.7	66.7	55.0
Feb-14	60.8	66.6	55.1
Mar-14	60.9	66.9	55.2
Apr-14	60.9	66.9	55.1
May-14	60.7	66.6	55.1
Jun-14	60.8	66.6	55.1
Jul-14	60.8	66.6	55.1
Aug-14	60.7	66.6	55.0
Sep-14	60.6	66.5	55.0
Oct-14	60.5	66.4	54.9
Nov-14	60.5	66.6	54.6
Dec-14	60.7	66.6	55.0
Jan-15	60.6	66.5	54.9
Feb-15	60.9	66.8	55.2
Mar-15	60.9	66.9	55.1
Apr-15	60.8	66.7	55.2
May-15	61.0	66.8	55.4
Jun-15	60.9	66.6	55.4
Jul-15	61.0	66.8	55.4
Aug-15	61.0	66.6	55.6
Sep-15	61.0	66.6	55.6
Oct-15	61.3	66.9	55.9
Nov-15	61.4	66.9	56.1
Dec-15	61.4	66.9	56.0
Jan-16	61.3	67.0	55.8
Feb-16	61.3	66.8	56.0
Mar-16	61.3	66.8	56.0
Apr-16	61.2	66.6	56.1
May-16	61.1	66.6	55.9
Jun-16	61.2	66.6	56.0
Jul-16	61.3	66.7	56.0
Aug-16	61.0	66.5	55.8
Sep-16	60.9	66.2	55.8
Oct-16	61.0	66.4	55.7
Nov-16	61.0	66.4	55.8
Dec-16	61.0	66.4	55.8
Jan-17	61.0	66.3	55.9
Feb-17	60.9	66.3	55.7
Mar-17	61.1	66.4	55.9
Apr-17	61.3	66.8	55.9
May-17	61.3	66.7	56.2
Jun-17	61.4	66.7	56.4
Jul-17	61.5	66.9	56.3
Aug-17	61.7	66.9	56.7
Sep-17	61.8	66.9	56.9
Oct-17	61.8	66.9	56.8
Nov-17	62.0	67.1	57.0
Dec-17	62.1	67.1	57.3
Jan-18	62.1	67.3	57.1
Feb-18	62.0	67.0	57.1
Mar-18	62.0	66.9	57.2
Apr-18	62.0	66.9	57.2
May-18	61.9	66.9	57.0
Jun-18	62.2	67.1	57.5
Jul-18	62.0	67.2	57.1
Aug-18	62.2	67.4	57.2
Sep-18	62.2	67.4	57.2
Oct-18	62.3	67.3	57.4
Nov-18	62.4	67.4	57.5
Dec-18	62.4	67.4	57.5
Jan-19	62.4	67.5	57.5
Feb-19	62.3	67.2	57.5
Mar-19	62.3	67.3	57.5
Apr-19	62.5	67.2	57.9
May-19	62.5	67.7	57.5
Jun-19	62.5	67.6	57.6
Jul-19	62.5	67.6	57.7
Aug-19	62.7	67.5	58.0
Sep-19	62.7	67.4	58.3
Oct-19	62.5	67.1	58.1
Nov-19	62.6	67.2	58.1
Dec-19	62.6	67.2	58.2
Jan-20	62.5	66.9	58.2
Feb-20	62.5	67.0	58.1
Mar-20	62.4	66.9	58.0
Apr-20	59.5	64.2	55.0
May-20	58.1	63.0	53.4
Jun-20	59.3	64.0	54.7
Jul-20	59.8	64.5	55.2
Aug-20	60.6	65.0	56.2
Sep-20	60.4	64.8	56.2
Oct-20	61.2	65.9	56.6
Nov-20	61.6	66.4	57.0
Dec-20	61.7	66.2	57.4
Jan-21	61.8	66.5	57.3
Feb-21	62.2	66.6	57.9
Mar-21	62.5	66.7	58.5
Apr-21	62.4	66.7	58.2
May-21	62.8	67.0	58.7
Jun-21	62.9	67.4	58.6
Jul-21	62.9	67.5	58.5
Aug-21	62.3	66.8	57.9
Sep-21	61.7	66.2	57.3
Oct-21	61.4	66.1	56.8
Nov-21	63.2	67.6	58.9
Dec-21	63.4	67.9	59.1
Jan-22	63.4	67.5	59.5
Feb-22	63.8	67.8	59.9
Mar-22	63.8	67.9	59.9
Apr-22	63.9	68.0	59.9
May-22	64.1	68.4	59.9
Jun-22	64.4	68.6	60.3
Jul-22	64.1	68.4	60.0
Aug-22	64.3	68.5	60.2
Sep-22	64.2	68.5	60.1

Employment-to-population ratio, Seasonally adjusted

["","People","Males","Females"]

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[]

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Hours worked

In seasonally adjusted terms, in September 2022, monthly hours worked in all jobs:

decreased by 0.6 million hours (0.0%) to 1,853 million hours.
increased by 86.0 million hours (4.9%) from March 2020.

See the article Insights into hours worked for more.

Monthly hours worked in all jobs
	Trend (m)	Seasonally adjusted (m)
Sep-12	1,592.4	1,598.8
Oct-12	1,595.0	1,587.9
Nov-12	1,597.7	1,601.1
Dec-12	1,599.8	1,603.4
Jan-13	1,601.0	1,602.0
Feb-13	1,602.0	1,603.8
Mar-13	1,603.3	1,597.1
Apr-13	1,605.2	1,611.5
May-13	1,607.5	1,605.8
Jun-13	1,609.8	1,605.5
Jul-13	1,611.1	1,615.9
Aug-13	1,610.8	1,620.4
Sep-13	1,609.5	1,608.2
Oct-13	1,608.0	1,605.5
Nov-13	1,607.0	1,604.8
Dec-13	1,606.4	1,605.5
Jan-14	1,606.4	1,598.7
Feb-14	1,607.3	1,607.0
Mar-14	1,608.9	1,614.1
Apr-14	1,610.9	1,603.3
May-14	1,613.1	1,611.8
Jun-14	1,615.0	1,618.6
Jul-14	1,615.9	1,616.6
Aug-14	1,615.7	1,617.0
Sep-14	1,615.1	1,612.4
Oct-14	1,615.0	1,612.5
Nov-14	1,616.6	1,613.7
Dec-14	1,620.2	1,601.3
Jan-15	1,625.0	1,630.3
Feb-15	1,629.6	1,628.3
Mar-15	1,633.0	1,636.6
Apr-15	1,634.9	1,638.3
May-15	1,636.0	1,636.6
Jun-15	1,637.6	1,634.1
Jul-15	1,640.0	1,640.5
Aug-15	1,643.2	1,638.1
Sep-15	1,647.2	1,649.2
Oct-15	1,651.3	1,656.5
Nov-15	1,654.9	1,654.2
Dec-15	1,657.2	1,651.3
Jan-16	1,658.0	1,661.4
Feb-16	1,657.7	1,663.7
Mar-16	1,657.1	1,655.6
Apr-16	1,656.6	1,632.0
May-16	1,656.5	1,664.5
Jun-16	1,657.1	1,657.3
Jul-16	1,658.7	1,662.3
Aug-16	1,661.1	1,664.6
Sep-16	1,663.6	1,660.5
Oct-16	1,666.2	1,665.5
Nov-16	1,668.6	1,667.9
Dec-16	1,670.7	1,674.5
Jan-17	1,672.9	1,695.6
Feb-17	1,675.7	1,663.3
Mar-17	1,679.5	1,679.8
Apr-17	1,684.4	1,664.7
May-17	1,690.1	1,713.5
Jun-17	1,696.1	1,708.7
Jul-17	1,702.3	1,700.1
Aug-17	1,708.1	1,704.9
Sep-17	1,713.1	1,712.6
Oct-17	1,717.2	1,716.7
Nov-17	1,720.2	1,729.9
Dec-17	1,722.4	1,721.6
Jan-18	1,723.9	1,701.5
Feb-18	1,725.4	1,723.8
Mar-18	1,727.8	1,726.8
Apr-18	1,731.1	1,742.9
May-18	1,735.0	1,731.8
Jun-18	1,739.2	1,743.0
Jul-18	1,742.9	1,744.7
Aug-18	1,746.2	1,743.3
Sep-18	1,748.9	1,747.8
Oct-18	1,751.4	1,755.9
Nov-18	1,754.5	1,753.0
Dec-18	1,758.1	1,749.2
Jan-19	1,761.9	1,762.5
Feb-19	1,765.2	1,764.7
Mar-19	1,767.8	1,777.6
Apr-19	1,769.7	1,769.8
May-19	1,771.1	1,766.7
Jun-19	1,772.1	1,769.5
Jul-19	1,773.4	1,775.0
Aug-19	1,775.2	1,776.7
Sep-19	1,777.1	1,780.2
Oct-19	1,778.6	1,775.4
Nov-19	1,778.8	1,776.4
Dec-19	1,777.5	1,784.4
Jan-20	1,774.7	1,776.2
Feb-20	1,771.6	1,772.8
Mar-20	1,770.4	1,767.4
Apr-20		1,587.6
May-20		1,604.7
Jun-20		1,667.8
Jul-20		1,688.4
Aug-20		1,689.3
Sep-20		1,690.7
Oct-20		1,729.5
Nov-20		1,754.6
Dec-20		1,752.2
Jan-21		1,671.5
Feb-21		1,767.0
Mar-21		1,806.4
Apr-21		1,783.1
May-21		1,812.2
Jun-21		1,785.9
Jul-21		1,786.9
Aug-21		1,709.0
Sep-21		1,729.9
Oct-21		1,733.2
Nov-21		1,806.9
Dec-21		1,825.7
Jan-22		1,675.2
Feb-22		1,826.0
Mar-22		1,818.8
Apr-22	1,839.0	1,841.1
May-22	1,844.1	1,850.2
Jun-22	1,848.8	1,853.8
Jul-22	1,852.8	1,847.0
Aug-22	1,856.2	1,854.1
Sep-22	1,858.8	1,853.5

Monthly hours worked in all jobs

["","Trend","Seasonally adjusted"]

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Large month-to-month changes occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in multiple trend breaks. The ABS recommends caution when using trend estimates published in spreadsheets in this release for this period. Information on trend breaks can be found in Labour Force, Australia methodology, September 2022.

Monthly hours worked in all jobs, Seasonally adjusted
	Hours worked (m)	Yearly change (%)
Sep-12	1,599	1.0
Oct-12	1,588	-0.4
Nov-12	1,601	0.9
Dec-12	1,603	1.0
Jan-13	1,602	0.7
Feb-13	1,604	1.0
Mar-13	1,597	0.1
Apr-13	1,611	0.8
May-13	1,606	0.0
Jun-13	1,605	1.7
Jul-13	1,616	1.7
Aug-13	1,620	2.0
Sep-13	1,608	0.6
Oct-13	1,606	1.1
Nov-13	1,605	0.2
Dec-13	1,605	0.1
Jan-14	1,599	-0.2
Feb-14	1,607	0.2
Mar-14	1,614	1.1
Apr-14	1,603	-0.5
May-14	1,612	0.4
Jun-14	1,619	0.8
Jul-14	1,617	0.0
Aug-14	1,617	-0.2
Sep-14	1,612	0.3
Oct-14	1,613	0.4
Nov-14	1,614	0.6
Dec-14	1,601	-0.3
Jan-15	1,630	2.0
Feb-15	1,628	1.3
Mar-15	1,637	1.4
Apr-15	1,638	2.2
May-15	1,637	1.5
Jun-15	1,634	1.0
Jul-15	1,641	1.5
Aug-15	1,638	1.3
Sep-15	1,649	2.3
Oct-15	1,657	2.7
Nov-15	1,654	2.5
Dec-15	1,651	3.1
Jan-16	1,661	1.9
Feb-16	1,664	2.2
Mar-16	1,656	1.2
Apr-16	1,632	-0.4
May-16	1,664	1.7
Jun-16	1,657	1.4
Jul-16	1,662	1.3
Aug-16	1,665	1.6
Sep-16	1,660	0.7
Oct-16	1,665	0.5
Nov-16	1,668	0.8
Dec-16	1,675	1.4
Jan-17	1,696	2.1
Feb-17	1,663	0.0
Mar-17	1,680	1.5
Apr-17	1,665	2.0
May-17	1,713	2.9
Jun-17	1,709	3.1
Jul-17	1,700	2.3
Aug-17	1,705	2.4
Sep-17	1,713	3.1
Oct-17	1,717	3.1
Nov-17	1,730	3.7
Dec-17	1,722	2.8
Jan-18	1,701	0.3
Feb-18	1,724	3.6
Mar-18	1,727	2.8
Apr-18	1,743	4.7
May-18	1,732	1.1
Jun-18	1,743	2.0
Jul-18	1,745	2.6
Aug-18	1,743	2.3
Sep-18	1,748	2.1
Oct-18	1,756	2.3
Nov-18	1,753	1.3
Dec-18	1,749	1.6
Jan-19	1,763	3.6
Feb-19	1,765	2.4
Mar-19	1,778	2.9
Apr-19	1,770	1.5
May-19	1,767	2.0
Jun-19	1,770	1.5
Jul-19	1,775	1.7
Aug-19	1,777	1.9
Sep-19	1,780	1.9
Oct-19	1,775	1.1
Nov-19	1,776	1.3
Dec-19	1,784	2.0
Jan-20	1,776	0.8
Feb-20	1,773	0.5
Mar-20	1,767	-0.6
Apr-20	1,588	-10.3
May-20	1,605	-9.2
Jun-20	1,668	-5.7
Jul-20	1,688	-4.9
Aug-20	1,689	-4.9
Sep-20	1,691	-5.0
Oct-20	1,730	-2.6
Nov-20	1,755	-1.2
Dec-20	1,752	-1.8
Jan-21	1,672	-5.9
Feb-21	1,767	-0.3
Mar-21	1,806	2.2
Apr-21	1,783	12.3
May-21	1,812	12.9
Jun-21	1,786	7.1
Jul-21	1,787	5.8
Aug-21	1,709	1.2
Sep-21	1,730	2.3
Oct-21	1,733	0.2
Nov-21	1,807	3.0
Dec-21	1,826	4.2
Jan-22	1,675	0.2
Feb-22	1,826	3.3
Mar-22	1,819	0.7
Apr-22	1,841	3.3
May-22	1,850	2.1
Jun-22	1,854	3.8
Jul-22	1,847	3.4
Aug-22	1,854	8.5
Sep-22	1,853	7.1

Monthly hours worked in all jobs, Seasonally adjusted

["","Hours worked (m)","Yearly change (%)"]

[["Sep-12","Oct-12","Nov-12","Dec-12","Jan-13","Feb-13","Mar-13","Apr-13","May-13","Jun-13","Jul-13","Aug-13","Sep-13","Oct-13","Nov-13","Dec-13","Jan-14","Feb-14","Mar-14","Apr-14","May-14","Jun-14","Jul-14","Aug-14","Sep-14","Oct-14","Nov-14","Dec-14","Jan-15","Feb-15","Mar-15","Apr-15","May-15","Jun-15","Jul-15","Aug-15","Sep-15","Oct-15","Nov-15","Dec-15","Jan-16","Feb-16","Mar-16","Apr-16","May-16","Jun-16","Jul-16","Aug-16","Sep-16","Oct-16","Nov-16","Dec-16","Jan-17","Feb-17","Mar-17","Apr-17","May-17","Jun-17","Jul-17","Aug-17","Sep-17","Oct-17","Nov-17","Dec-17","Jan-18","Feb-18","Mar-18","Apr-18","May-18","Jun-18","Jul-18","Aug-18","Sep-18","Oct-18","Nov-18","Dec-18","Jan-19","Feb-19","Mar-19","Apr-19","May-19","Jun-19","Jul-19","Aug-19","Sep-19","Oct-19","Nov-19","Dec-19","Jan-20","Feb-20","Mar-20","Apr-20","May-20","Jun-20","Jul-20","Aug-20","Sep-20","Oct-20","Nov-20","Dec-20","Jan-21","Feb-21","Mar-21","Apr-21","May-21","Jun-21","Jul-21","Aug-21","Sep-21","Oct-21","Nov-21","Dec-21","Jan-22","Feb-22","Mar-22","Apr-22","May-22","Jun-22","Jul-22","Aug-22","Sep-22"],[[1599],[1588],[1601],[1603],[1602],[1604],[1597],[1611],[1606],[1605],[1616],[1620],[1608],[1606],[1605],[1605],[1599],[1607],[1614],[1603],[1612],[1619],[1617],[1617],[1612],[1613],[1614],[1601],[1630],[1628],[1637],[1638],[1637],[1634],[1641],[1638],[1649],[1657],[1654],[1651],[1661],[1664],[1656],[1632],[1664],[1657],[1662],[1665],[1660],[1665],[1668],[1675],[1696],[1663],[1680],[1665],[1713],[1709],[1700],[1705],[1713],[1717],[1730],[1722],[1701],[1724],[1727],[1743],[1732],[1743],[1745],[1743],[1748],[1756],[1753],[1749],[1763],[1765],[1778],[1770],[1767],[1770],[1775],[1777],[1780],[1775],[1776],[1784],[1776],[1773],[1767],[1588],[1605],[1668],[1688],[1689],[1691],[1730],[1755],[1752],[1672],[1767],[1806],[1783],[1812],[1786],[1787],[1709],[1730],[1733],[1807],[1826],[1675],[1826],[1819],[1841],[1850],[1854],[1847],[1854],[1853]],[[1],[-0.40000000000000002],[0.90000000000000002],[1],[0.69999999999999996],[1],[0.10000000000000001],[0.80000000000000004],[0],[1.7],[1.7],[2],[0.59999999999999998],[1.1000000000000001],[0.20000000000000001],[0.10000000000000001],[-0.20000000000000001],[0.20000000000000001],[1.1000000000000001],[-0.5],[0.40000000000000002],[0.80000000000000004],[0],[-0.20000000000000001],[0.29999999999999999],[0.40000000000000002],[0.59999999999999998],[-0.29999999999999999],[2],[1.3],[1.3999999999999999],[2.2000000000000002],[1.5],[1],[1.5],[1.3],[2.2999999999999998],[2.7000000000000002],[2.5],[3.1000000000000001],[1.8999999999999999],[2.2000000000000002],[1.2],[-0.40000000000000002],[1.7],[1.3999999999999999],[1.3],[1.6000000000000001],[0.69999999999999996],[0.5],[0.80000000000000004],[1.3999999999999999],[2.1000000000000001],[0],[1.5],[2],[2.8999999999999999],[3.1000000000000001],[2.2999999999999998],[2.3999999999999999],[3.1000000000000001],[3.1000000000000001],[3.7000000000000002],[2.7999999999999998],[0.29999999999999999],[3.6000000000000001],[2.7999999999999998],[4.7000000000000002],[1.1000000000000001],[2],[2.6000000000000001],[2.2999999999999998],[2.1000000000000001],[2.2999999999999998],[1.3],[1.6000000000000001],[3.6000000000000001],[2.3999999999999999],[2.8999999999999999],[1.5],[2],[1.5],[1.7],[1.8999999999999999],[1.8999999999999999],[1.1000000000000001],[1.3],[2],[0.80000000000000004],[0.5],[-0.59999999999999998],[-10.300000000000001],[-9.1999999999999993],[-5.7000000000000002],[-4.9000000000000004],[-4.9000000000000004],[-5],[-2.6000000000000001],[-1.2],[-1.8],[-5.9000000000000004],[-0.29999999999999999],[2.2000000000000002],[12.300000000000001],[12.9],[7.0999999999999996],[5.7999999999999998],[1.2],[2.2999999999999998],[0.20000000000000001],[3],[4.2000000000000002],[0.20000000000000001],[3.2999999999999998],[0.69999999999999996],[3.2999999999999998],[2.1000000000000001],[3.7999999999999998],[3.3999999999999999],[8.5],[7.0999999999999996]]]

[]

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[{"value":"0","axis_id":"0","axis_title":"%","axis_units":"","tooltip_units":"","table_units":"","axis_min":"-11","axis_max":"14","tick_interval":null,"precision":"1","data_unit_prefix":"","data_unit_suffix":"","reverse_axis":false},{"value":"1","axis_id":"1","axis_title":"Millions","axis_units":"","tooltip_units":"","table_units":"","axis_min":"1500","axis_max":"1950","tick_interval":"50","precision":"0","data_unit_prefix":"","data_unit_suffix":"","reverse_axis":false}]

Participation

In seasonally adjusted terms, in September 2022, the participation rate:

remained at 66.6%, 0.8 pts higher than March 2020.
remained at 71.0% for men and decreased to 62.3% for women.

Participation rate
	Trend (%)	Seasonally adjusted (%)
Sep-12	65.1	65.3
Oct-12	65.1	65.2
Nov-12	65.1	65.0
Dec-12	65.1	65.0
Jan-13	65.1	65.3
Feb-13	65.1	65.2
Mar-13	65.1	65.1
Apr-13	65.1	65.1
May-13	65.1	65.0
Jun-13	65.0	65.1
Jul-13	65.0	64.9
Aug-13	64.9	64.9
Sep-13	64.8	64.9
Oct-13	64.8	64.8
Nov-13	64.7	64.6
Dec-13	64.6	64.5
Jan-14	64.6	64.6
Feb-14	64.5	64.6
Mar-14	64.6	64.7
Apr-14	64.6	64.7
May-14	64.6	64.6
Jun-14	64.7	64.7
Jul-14	64.7	64.8
Aug-14	64.7	64.7
Sep-14	64.7	64.7
Oct-14	64.7	64.7
Nov-14	64.7	64.5
Dec-14	64.7	64.6
Jan-15	64.7	64.7
Feb-15	64.8	64.9
Mar-15	64.8	64.9
Apr-15	64.8	64.8
May-15	64.9	64.8
Jun-15	64.9	64.8
Jul-15	64.9	65.1
Aug-15	65.0	64.9
Sep-15	65.1	65.0
Oct-15	65.1	65.2
Nov-15	65.2	65.2
Dec-15	65.2	65.1
Jan-16	65.1	65.2
Feb-16	65.1	65.0
Mar-16	65.0	64.9
Apr-16	65.0	64.9
May-16	64.9	64.8
Jun-16	64.9	64.9
Jul-16	64.8	65.0
Aug-16	64.8	64.7
Sep-16	64.7	64.5
Oct-16	64.7	64.6
Nov-16	64.7	64.7
Dec-16	64.7	64.8
Jan-17	64.7	64.7
Feb-17	64.7	64.7
Mar-17	64.8	64.9
Apr-17	64.9	64.9
May-17	65.0	64.9
Jun-17	65.1	65.1
Jul-17	65.2	65.2
Aug-17	65.3	65.3
Sep-17	65.3	65.4
Oct-17	65.4	65.3
Nov-17	65.5	65.5
Dec-17	65.6	65.8
Jan-18	65.6	65.8
Feb-18	65.6	65.6
Mar-18	65.6	65.6
Apr-18	65.5	65.6
May-18	65.5	65.4
Jun-18	65.5	65.7
Jul-18	65.5	65.5
Aug-18	65.6	65.7
Sep-18	65.6	65.5
Oct-18	65.6	65.5
Nov-18	65.6	65.7
Dec-18	65.6	65.6
Jan-19	65.6	65.7
Feb-19	65.7	65.5
Mar-19	65.7	65.7
Apr-19	65.9	65.9
May-19	66.0	65.9
Jun-19	66.1	66.0
Jul-19	66.1	66.0
Aug-19	66.1	66.2
Sep-19	66.1	66.2
Oct-19	66.1	66.0
Nov-19	66.0	66.0
Dec-19	65.9	65.9
Jan-20	65.9	66.0
Feb-20	65.8	65.8
Mar-20	65.8	65.8
Apr-20		63.5
May-20		62.5
Jun-20		64.0
Jul-20		64.7
Aug-20		65.0
Sep-20		64.9
Oct-20		65.7
Nov-20		66.1
Dec-20		66.1
Jan-21		66.0
Feb-21		66.0
Mar-21		66.2
Apr-21		66.0
May-21		66.2
Jun-21		66.2
Jul-21		66.0
Aug-21		65.2
Sep-21		64.7
Oct-21		64.8
Nov-21		66.2
Dec-21		66.2
Jan-22		66.2
Feb-22		66.5
Mar-22		66.4
Apr-22	66.6	66.5
May-22	66.6	66.6
Jun-22	66.6	66.7
Jul-22	66.6	66.4
Aug-22	66.6	66.6
Sep-22	66.7	66.6

Participation rate

["","Trend","Seasonally adjusted"]

[["Sep-12","Oct-12","Nov-12","Dec-12","Jan-13","Feb-13","Mar-13","Apr-13","May-13","Jun-13","Jul-13","Aug-13","Sep-13","Oct-13","Nov-13","Dec-13","Jan-14","Feb-14","Mar-14","Apr-14","May-14","Jun-14","Jul-14","Aug-14","Sep-14","Oct-14","Nov-14","Dec-14","Jan-15","Feb-15","Mar-15","Apr-15","May-15","Jun-15","Jul-15","Aug-15","Sep-15","Oct-15","Nov-15","Dec-15","Jan-16","Feb-16","Mar-16","Apr-16","May-16","Jun-16","Jul-16","Aug-16","Sep-16","Oct-16","Nov-16","Dec-16","Jan-17","Feb-17","Mar-17","Apr-17","May-17","Jun-17","Jul-17","Aug-17","Sep-17","Oct-17","Nov-17","Dec-17","Jan-18","Feb-18","Mar-18","Apr-18","May-18","Jun-18","Jul-18","Aug-18","Sep-18","Oct-18","Nov-18","Dec-18","Jan-19","Feb-19","Mar-19","Apr-19","May-19","Jun-19","Jul-19","Aug-19","Sep-19","Oct-19","Nov-19","Dec-19","Jan-20","Feb-20","Mar-20","Apr-20","May-20","Jun-20","Jul-20","Aug-20","Sep-20","Oct-20","Nov-20","Dec-20","Jan-21","Feb-21","Mar-21","Apr-21","May-21","Jun-21","Jul-21","Aug-21","Sep-21","Oct-21","Nov-21","Dec-21","Jan-22","Feb-22","Mar-22","Apr-22","May-22","Jun-22","Jul-22","Aug-22","Sep-22"],[[65.099999999999994],[65.099999999999994],[65.099999999999994],[65.099999999999994],[65.099999999999994],[65.099999999999994],[65.099999999999994],[65.099999999999994],[65.099999999999994],[65],[65],[64.900000000000006],[64.799999999999997],[64.799999999999997],[64.700000000000003],[64.599999999999994],[64.599999999999994],[64.5],[64.599999999999994],[64.599999999999994],[64.599999999999994],[64.700000000000003],[64.700000000000003],[64.700000000000003],[64.700000000000003],[64.700000000000003],[64.700000000000003],[64.700000000000003],[64.700000000000003],[64.799999999999997],[64.799999999999997],[64.799999999999997],[64.900000000000006],[64.900000000000006],[64.900000000000006],[65],[65.099999999999994],[65.099999999999994],[65.200000000000003],[65.200000000000003],[65.099999999999994],[65.099999999999994],[65],[65],[64.900000000000006],[64.900000000000006],[64.799999999999997],[64.799999999999997],[64.700000000000003],[64.700000000000003],[64.700000000000003],[64.700000000000003],[64.700000000000003],[64.700000000000003],[64.799999999999997],[64.900000000000006],[65],[65.099999999999994],[65.200000000000003],[65.299999999999997],[65.299999999999997],[65.400000000000006],[65.5],[65.599999999999994],[65.599999999999994],[65.599999999999994],[65.599999999999994],[65.5],[65.5],[65.5],[65.5],[65.599999999999994],[65.599999999999994],[65.599999999999994],[65.599999999999994],[65.599999999999994],[65.599999999999994],[65.700000000000003],[65.700000000000003],[65.900000000000006],[66],[66.099999999999994],[66.099999999999994],[66.099999999999994],[66.099999999999994],[66.099999999999994],[66],[65.900000000000006],[65.900000000000006],[65.799999999999997],[65.799999999999997],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[66.599999999999994],[66.599999999999994],[66.599999999999994],[66.599999999999994],[66.599999999999994],[66.700000000000003]],[[65.299999999999997],[65.200000000000003],[65],[65],[65.299999999999997],[65.200000000000003],[65.099999999999994],[65.099999999999994],[65],[65.099999999999994],[64.900000000000006],[64.900000000000006],[64.900000000000006],[64.799999999999997],[64.599999999999994],[64.5],[64.599999999999994],[64.599999999999994],[64.700000000000003],[64.700000000000003],[64.599999999999994],[64.700000000000003],[64.799999999999997],[64.700000000000003],[64.700000000000003],[64.700000000000003],[64.5],[64.599999999999994],[64.700000000000003],[64.900000000000006],[64.900000000000006],[64.799999999999997],[64.799999999999997],[64.799999999999997],[65.099999999999994],[64.900000000000006],[65],[65.200000000000003],[65.200000000000003],[65.099999999999994],[65.200000000000003],[65],[64.900000000000006],[64.900000000000006],[64.799999999999997],[64.900000000000006],[65],[64.700000000000003],[64.5],[64.599999999999994],[64.700000000000003],[64.799999999999997],[64.700000000000003],[64.700000000000003],[64.900000000000006],[64.900000000000006],[64.900000000000006],[65.099999999999994],[65.200000000000003],[65.299999999999997],[65.400000000000006],[65.299999999999997],[65.5],[65.799999999999997],[65.799999999999997],[65.599999999999994],[65.599999999999994],[65.599999999999994],[65.400000000000006],[65.700000000000003],[65.5],[65.700000000000003],[65.5],[65.5],[65.700000000000003],[65.599999999999994],[65.700000000000003],[65.5],[65.700000000000003],[65.900000000000006],[65.900000000000006],[66],[66],[66.200000000000003],[66.200000000000003],[66],[66],[65.900000000000006],[66],[65.799999999999997],[65.799999999999997],[63.5],[62.5],[64],[64.700000000000003],[65],[64.900000000000006],[65.700000000000003],[66.099999999999994],[66.099999999999994],[66],[66],[66.200000000000003],[66],[66.200000000000003],[66.200000000000003],[66],[65.200000000000003],[64.700000000000003],[64.799999999999997],[66.200000000000003],[66.200000000000003],[66.200000000000003],[66.5],[66.400000000000006],[66.5],[66.599999999999994],[66.700000000000003],[66.400000000000006],[66.599999999999994],[66.599999999999994]]]

[]

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[{"value":"0","axis_id":"0","axis_title":"%","axis_units":"","tooltip_units":"(%)","table_units":"(%)","axis_min":null,"axis_max":null,"tick_interval":null,"precision":"1","data_unit_prefix":"","data_unit_suffix":"","reverse_axis":false}]

Large month-to-month changes occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in multiple trend breaks. The ABS recommends caution when using trend estimates published in spreadsheets in this release for this period. Information on trend breaks can be found in Labour Force, Australia methodology, September 2022.

Participation rate, Seasonally adjusted
	People (%)	Males (%)	Females (%)
Sep-12	65.3	71.8	59.0
Oct-12	65.2	71.8	58.8
Nov-12	65.0	71.5	58.6
Dec-12	65.0	71.7	58.6
Jan-13	65.3	71.9	58.8
Feb-13	65.2	71.7	58.9
Mar-13	65.1	71.5	58.8
Apr-13	65.1	71.5	59.0
May-13	65.0	71.6	58.7
Jun-13	65.1	71.6	58.7
Jul-13	64.9	71.3	58.7
Aug-13	64.9	71.3	58.7
Sep-13	64.9	71.2	58.7
Oct-13	64.8	71.2	58.7
Nov-13	64.6	71.0	58.4
Dec-13	64.5	70.9	58.2
Jan-14	64.6	70.8	58.5
Feb-14	64.6	70.7	58.6
Mar-14	64.7	70.9	58.8
Apr-14	64.7	71.0	58.5
May-14	64.6	70.7	58.6
Jun-14	64.7	70.9	58.7
Jul-14	64.8	71.0	58.7
Aug-14	64.7	70.9	58.6
Sep-14	64.7	70.7	58.8
Oct-14	64.7	70.8	58.7
Nov-14	64.5	71.1	58.2
Dec-14	64.6	70.8	58.6
Jan-15	64.7	71.1	58.6
Feb-15	64.9	71.2	58.8
Mar-15	64.9	71.3	58.6
Apr-15	64.8	71.1	58.7
May-15	64.8	71.0	58.9
Jun-15	64.8	70.9	58.9
Jul-15	65.1	71.1	59.3
Aug-15	64.9	71.0	59.1
Sep-15	65.0	71.0	59.2
Oct-15	65.2	71.1	59.4
Nov-15	65.2	70.9	59.7
Dec-15	65.1	70.9	59.5
Jan-16	65.2	71.3	59.4
Feb-16	65.0	70.7	59.4
Mar-16	64.9	70.8	59.3
Apr-16	64.9	70.5	59.4
May-16	64.8	70.6	59.3
Jun-16	64.9	70.4	59.6
Jul-16	65.0	70.6	59.5
Aug-16	64.7	70.5	59.1
Sep-16	64.5	70.1	59.1
Oct-16	64.6	70.3	59.0
Nov-16	64.7	70.4	59.3
Dec-16	64.8	70.5	59.3
Jan-17	64.7	70.2	59.4
Feb-17	64.7	70.4	59.2
Mar-17	64.9	70.5	59.5
Apr-17	64.9	70.6	59.4
May-17	64.9	70.6	59.5
Jun-17	65.1	70.6	59.8
Jul-17	65.2	70.8	59.7
Aug-17	65.3	70.8	60.0
Sep-17	65.4	70.8	60.2
Oct-17	65.3	70.6	60.1
Nov-17	65.5	71.0	60.3
Dec-17	65.8	71.1	60.7
Jan-18	65.8	71.2	60.5
Feb-18	65.6	71.0	60.5
Mar-18	65.6	70.8	60.5
Apr-18	65.6	70.9	60.5
May-18	65.4	70.7	60.3
Jun-18	65.7	71.0	60.6
Jul-18	65.5	71.0	60.3
Aug-18	65.7	71.1	60.4
Sep-18	65.5	70.8	60.4
Oct-18	65.5	70.9	60.4
Nov-18	65.7	71.1	60.5
Dec-18	65.6	71.0	60.5
Jan-19	65.7	71.0	60.7
Feb-19	65.5	70.7	60.5
Mar-19	65.7	70.9	60.6
Apr-19	65.9	70.9	61.0
May-19	65.9	71.4	60.7
Jun-19	66.0	71.3	60.9
Jul-19	66.0	71.3	60.9
Aug-19	66.2	71.3	61.2
Sep-19	66.2	71.2	61.3
Oct-19	66.0	70.9	61.2
Nov-19	66.0	71.0	61.2
Dec-19	65.9	70.8	61.1
Jan-20	66.0	70.7	61.4
Feb-20	65.8	70.7	61.1
Mar-20	65.8	70.7	61.1
Apr-20	63.5	68.8	58.5
May-20	62.5	67.9	57.4
Jun-20	64.0	69.2	59.1
Jul-20	64.7	69.7	59.8
Aug-20	65.0	69.9	60.2
Sep-20	64.9	69.8	60.3
Oct-20	65.7	70.8	60.9
Nov-20	66.1	71.0	61.4
Dec-20	66.1	70.9	61.4
Jan-21	66.0	71.1	61.1
Feb-21	66.0	70.9	61.3
Mar-21	66.2	70.9	61.8
Apr-21	66.0	70.8	61.3
May-21	66.2	70.8	61.7
Jun-21	66.2	71.1	61.6
Jul-21	66.0	70.8	61.4
Aug-21	65.2	70.1	60.6
Sep-21	64.7	69.3	60.2
Oct-21	64.8	69.6	60.1
Nov-21	66.2	70.8	61.8
Dec-21	66.2	70.9	61.7
Jan-22	66.2	70.5	62.0
Feb-22	66.5	70.8	62.3
Mar-22	66.4	70.9	62.2
Apr-22	66.5	70.8	62.2
May-22	66.6	71.2	62.3
Jun-22	66.7	71.2	62.4
Jul-22	66.4	70.9	62.1
Aug-22	66.6	71.0	62.4
Sep-22	66.6	71.0	62.3

Participation rate, Seasonally adjusted

["","People","Males","Females"]

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Underemployment

In seasonally adjusted terms, in September 2022:

underemployment rate remained at 6.0%.
underemployment rate was 2.7 pts lower than March 2020.
underutilisation rate increased by 0.1 pts to 9.6%.
underutilisation rate was 4.4 pts lower than March 2020.

Underemployment rate and underutilisation rate
	Underemployment rate - Trend (%)	Underemployment rate - Seasonally adjusted (%)	Underutilisation rate - Trend (%)	Underutilisation rate - Seasonally adjusted (%)
Sep-12	7.0	6.8	12.3	12.3
Oct-12	6.9	7.0	12.3	12.4
Nov-12	7.0	7.0	12.3	12.3
Dec-12	7.0	7.0	12.4	12.5
Jan-13	7.1	7.0	12.5	12.4
Feb-13	7.1	7.1	12.6	12.5
Mar-13	7.2	7.2	12.7	12.9
Apr-13	7.3	7.2	12.9	12.8
May-13	7.4	7.5	13.0	13.1
Jun-13	7.4	7.5	13.1	13.2
Jul-13	7.5	7.4	13.2	13.0
Aug-13	7.5	7.6	13.2	13.4
Sep-13	7.5	7.4	13.3	13.2
Oct-13	7.5	7.5	13.3	13.3
Nov-13	7.5	7.5	13.3	13.3
Dec-13	7.5	7.5	13.3	13.4
Jan-14	7.5	7.3	13.3	13.3
Feb-14	7.5	7.5	13.3	13.4
Mar-14	7.6	7.5	13.4	13.4
Apr-14	7.7	7.7	13.5	13.5
May-14	7.8	7.8	13.7	13.7
Jun-14	8.0	7.9	14.0	14.0
Jul-14	8.2	8.3	14.3	14.5
Aug-14	8.3	8.4	14.5	14.5
Sep-14	8.5	8.8	14.7	15.1
Oct-14	8.5	8.2	14.8	14.6
Nov-14	8.5	8.6	14.8	14.9
Dec-14	8.5	8.4	14.8	14.5
Jan-15	8.5	8.5	14.7	14.9
Feb-15	8.5	8.5	14.6	14.7
Mar-15	8.4	8.2	14.6	14.3
Apr-15	8.4	8.3	14.5	14.4
May-15	8.4	8.4	14.5	14.3
Jun-15	8.4	8.4	14.5	14.4
Jul-15	8.5	8.6	14.5	14.9
Aug-15	8.6	8.4	14.6	14.5
Sep-15	8.6	8.8	14.6	14.9
Oct-15	8.6	8.7	14.6	14.6
Nov-15	8.6	8.6	14.5	14.4
Dec-15	8.6	8.5	14.4	14.2
Jan-16	8.5	8.5	14.3	14.6
Feb-16	8.4	8.4	14.2	14.1
Mar-16	8.4	8.4	14.1	14.0
Apr-16	8.5	8.6	14.2	14.3
May-16	8.6	8.3	14.2	14.0
Jun-16	8.7	8.8	14.3	14.5
Jul-16	8.7	9.0	14.3	14.7
Aug-16	8.7	8.8	14.3	14.4
Sep-16	8.7	8.7	14.3	14.4
Oct-16	8.6	8.5	14.3	14.1
Nov-16	8.6	8.5	14.3	14.3
Dec-16	8.7	8.6	14.4	14.4
Jan-17	8.7	8.8	14.5	14.5
Feb-17	8.7	9.0	14.5	14.9
Mar-17	8.7	8.6	14.5	14.5
Apr-17	8.7	8.8	14.4	14.4
May-17	8.6	8.7	14.3	14.2
Jun-17	8.6	8.4	14.2	14.0
Jul-17	8.6	8.5	14.1	14.2
Aug-17	8.5	8.6	14.0	14.1
Sep-17	8.5	8.5	14.0	14.0
Oct-17	8.5	8.5	14.0	13.9
Nov-17	8.5	8.5	14.0	13.9
Dec-17	8.5	8.5	14.0	14.1
Jan-18	8.5	8.7	14.0	14.3
Feb-18	8.5	8.5	14.0	14.0
Mar-18	8.5	8.6	14.0	14.1
Apr-18	8.5	8.5	14.0	14.0
May-18	8.5	8.4	13.9	13.8
Jun-18	8.5	8.6	13.8	13.9
Jul-18	8.4	8.5	13.7	13.8
Aug-18	8.4	8.2	13.6	13.5
Sep-18	8.3	8.3	13.5	13.3
Oct-18	8.3	8.3	13.4	13.3
Nov-18	8.2	8.5	13.3	13.6
Dec-18	8.2	8.3	13.2	13.3
Jan-19	8.2	8.1	13.3	13.2
Feb-19	8.3	8.0	13.3	12.9
Mar-19	8.3	8.2	13.4	13.3
Apr-19	8.4	8.5	13.5	13.7
May-19	8.4	8.6	13.6	13.8
Jun-19	8.5	8.2	13.7	13.4
Jul-19	8.5	8.4	13.7	13.7
Aug-19	8.4	8.6	13.7	13.8
Sep-19	8.4	8.3	13.6	13.5
Oct-19	8.3	8.5	13.5	13.8
Nov-19	8.3	8.3	13.5	13.4
Dec-19	8.3	8.2	13.5	13.3
Jan-20	8.4	8.6	13.6	13.9
Feb-20	8.5	8.5	13.7	13.6
Mar-20	8.6	8.8	13.9	14.0
Apr-20		13.8		20.1
May-20		13.2		20.2
Jun-20		11.6		19.1
Jul-20		11.3		18.8
Aug-20		11.3		18.2
Sep-20		11.4		18.3
Oct-20		10.4		17.3
Nov-20		9.3		16.1
Dec-20		8.5		15.1
Jan-21		8.2		14.5
Feb-21		8.3		14.1
Mar-21		7.9		13.5
Apr-21		7.9		13.3
May-21		7.6		12.7
Jun-21		7.9		12.9
Jul-21		8.3		13.0
Aug-21		9.3		13.9
Sep-21		9.2		13.9
Oct-21		9.4		14.7
Nov-21		7.4		12.0
Dec-21		6.6		10.8
Jan-22		6.6		10.8
Feb-22		6.5		10.5
Mar-22		6.3		10.2
Apr-22	6.2	6.2	10.0	10.0
May-22	6.1	5.8	9.8	9.7
Jun-22	6.0	6.1	9.7	9.6
Jul-22	6.0	6.0	9.6	9.4
Aug-22	6.0	6.0	9.5	9.4
Sep-22	6.0	6.0	9.5	9.6

Underemployment rate and underutilisation rate

["","Underemployment rate - Trend","Underemployment rate - Seasonally adjusted","Underutilisation rate - Trend","Underutilisation rate - Seasonally adjusted"]

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[]

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Large month-to-month changes occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in multiple trend breaks. The ABS recommends caution when using trend estimates published in spreadsheets in this release for this period. A list of trend breaks can be found in Labour Force, Australia methodology, September 2022.

Underemployment rate, Seasonally adjusted
	People (%)	Males (%)	Females (%)
Sep-12	6.8	5.1	8.9
Oct-12	7.0	5.2	9.1
Nov-12	7.0	5.3	9.1
Dec-12	7.0	5.3	9.0
Jan-13	7.0	5.3	8.9
Feb-13	7.1	5.4	9.1
Mar-13	7.2	5.5	9.3
Apr-13	7.2	5.5	9.2
May-13	7.5	5.8	9.5
Jun-13	7.5	5.9	9.5
Jul-13	7.4	5.6	9.5
Aug-13	7.6	5.8	9.7
Sep-13	7.4	5.7	9.5
Oct-13	7.5	5.8	9.5
Nov-13	7.5	5.7	9.6
Dec-13	7.5	5.8	9.5
Jan-14	7.3	5.7	9.3
Feb-14	7.5	5.7	9.6
Mar-14	7.5	5.7	9.7
Apr-14	7.7	5.7	9.9
May-14	7.8	5.9	9.9
Jun-14	7.9	6.0	10.2
Jul-14	8.3	6.4	10.6
Aug-14	8.4	6.4	10.7
Sep-14	8.8	6.9	11.1
Oct-14	8.2	6.3	10.4
Nov-14	8.6	6.7	10.9
Dec-14	8.4	6.5	10.7
Jan-15	8.5	6.5	10.9
Feb-15	8.5	6.5	10.9
Mar-15	8.2	5.9	10.8
Apr-15	8.3	6.4	10.6
May-15	8.4	6.4	10.7
Jun-15	8.4	6.5	10.6
Jul-15	8.6	6.9	10.7
Aug-15	8.4	6.5	10.7
Sep-15	8.8	6.8	11.1
Oct-15	8.7	6.7	11.0
Nov-15	8.6	6.7	10.8
Dec-15	8.5	6.3	10.9
Jan-16	8.5	6.6	10.7
Feb-16	8.4	6.5	10.5
Mar-16	8.4	6.6	10.5
Apr-16	8.6	7.1	10.4
May-16	8.3	6.7	10.2
Jun-16	8.8	7.0	10.8
Jul-16	9.0	7.0	11.3
Aug-16	8.8	7.2	10.7
Sep-16	8.7	6.9	10.8
Oct-16	8.5	6.8	10.6
Nov-16	8.5	6.7	10.6
Dec-16	8.6	6.8	10.7
Jan-17	8.8	6.9	11.0
Feb-17	9.0	6.9	11.4
Mar-17	8.6	6.8	10.7
Apr-17	8.8	6.7	11.1
May-17	8.7	6.8	10.8
Jun-17	8.4	6.6	10.5
Jul-17	8.5	6.9	10.5
Aug-17	8.6	6.9	10.6
Sep-17	8.5	6.8	10.6
Oct-17	8.5	6.6	10.6
Nov-17	8.5	6.7	10.6
Dec-17	8.5	6.4	10.8
Jan-18	8.7	7.0	10.7
Feb-18	8.5	6.6	10.5
Mar-18	8.6	6.5	10.9
Apr-18	8.5	6.4	10.8
May-18	8.4	6.5	10.7
Jun-18	8.6	6.6	10.8
Jul-18	8.5	6.4	10.9
Aug-18	8.2	6.1	10.6
Sep-18	8.3	6.3	10.6
Oct-18	8.3	6.2	10.7
Nov-18	8.5	6.6	10.6
Dec-18	8.3	6.4	10.4
Jan-19	8.1	6.2	10.4
Feb-19	8.0	6.2	10.0
Mar-19	8.2	6.5	10.2
Apr-19	8.5	6.9	10.3
May-19	8.6	6.9	10.5
Jun-19	8.2	6.6	10.0
Jul-19	8.4	6.8	10.3
Aug-19	8.6	7.0	10.3
Sep-19	8.3	6.8	10.1
Oct-19	8.5	6.7	10.6
Nov-19	8.3	6.6	10.1
Dec-19	8.2	6.5	10.1
Jan-20	8.6	6.7	10.7
Feb-20	8.5	6.6	10.7
Mar-20	8.8	7.2	10.5
Apr-20	13.8	12.6	15.1
May-20	13.2	12.3	14.2
Jun-20	11.6	10.8	12.6
Jul-20	11.3	10.5	12.2
Aug-20	11.3	10.6	12.1
Sep-20	11.4	10.7	12.2
Oct-20	10.4	9.1	11.8
Nov-20	9.3	7.9	10.8
Dec-20	8.5	7.0	10.2
Jan-21	8.2	6.9	9.6
Feb-21	8.3	7.2	9.6
Mar-21	7.9	6.6	9.3
Apr-21	7.9	6.6	9.4
May-21	7.6	6.5	8.8
Jun-21	7.9	6.8	9.1
Jul-21	8.3	7.1	9.6
Aug-21	9.3	8.6	10.1
Sep-21	9.2	8.5	10.1
Oct-21	9.4	8.9	10.1
Nov-21	7.4	6.2	8.8
Dec-21	6.6	5.6	7.8
Jan-22	6.6	5.5	7.9
Feb-22	6.5	5.4	7.8
Mar-22	6.3	5.0	7.7
Apr-22	6.2	5.0	7.4
May-22	5.8	4.8	6.9
Jun-22	6.1	5.0	7.2
Jul-22	6.0	4.9	7.3
Aug-22	6.0	4.9	7.2
Sep-22	6.0	5.0	7.1

Underemployment rate, Seasonally adjusted

["","People","Males","Females"]

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States and Territories

September 2022 - Seasonally adjusted
	New South Wales	Victoria	Queensland	South Australia	Western Australia	Tasmania	Northern Territory	Australian Capital Territory	Australia
Employed people	4,285,500	3,517,200	2,771,500	884,800	1,468,300	267,900	135,700	235,200	13,590,800
Employed people - monthly change	0.2%	-0.3%	-0.2%	-1.0%	-0.3%	1.4%	0.3%	-0.6%	0.0%
Employment to population ratio	63.8%	64.4%	64.2%	60.0%	66.8%	59.0%	70.0%	68.5%	64.2%
Employment to population ratio - monthly change	0.1 pts	-0.2 pts	-0.2 pts	-0.6 pts	-0.3 pts	0.7 pts	-0.2 pts	-0.4 pts	0.0 pts
Unemployment rate	3.3%	3.5%	3.7%	4.3%	3.4%	4.3%	4.0%	3.1%	3.5%
Unemployment rate - monthly change	-0.1 pts	-0.2 pts	0.5 pts	0.3 pts	0.3 pts	-0.4 pts	-0.5 pts	0.4 pts	0.1 pts
Underemployment rate	5.8%	5.7%	6.4%	6.8%	6.1%	6.5%	5.7%	4.8%	6.0%
Underemployment rate - monthly change	0.1 pts	0.0 pts	0.0 pts	0.2 pts	0.1 pts	-0.8 pts	0.4 pts	0.4 pts	0.1 pts
Participation rate	66.0%	66.7%	66.7%	62.7%	69.2%	61.7%	73.0%	70.7%	66.6%
Participation rate - monthly change	0.0 pts	-0.4 pts	0.1 pts	-0.4 pts	-0.1 pts	0.6 pts	-0.5 pts	-0.1 pts	0.0 pts

Rotation group analysis

Sample composition and rotation

Estimates for the incoming and outgoing rotation groups

Incoming and outgoing rotation groups
	August outgoing rotation group	September incoming rotation group	September outgoing rotation group	September estimate (Original)
Employment to population ratio	64.1%	64.5%	66.4%	64.0%
Full-time employment to population ratio	44.1%	44.8%	46.1%	44.5%
Unemployment rate	3.4%	3.6%	2.7%	3.5%
Participation rate	66.4%	67.0%	68.2%	66.3%

States and Territories

Managing COVID-19 impacts on incoming rotation groups

Comparability with seasonally adjusted and trend data

Contribution from sample components to estimates

Data files

Download xlsx [42.43 KB]

Data downloads

Labour Force Survey results are released in three stages.

Spreadsheets of the headline indicators are published in this release
Additional, more detailed spreadsheets and pivot tables are published in Labour Force, Australia, Detailed one week after this first release
Longitudinal labour force microdata are released in the ABS DataLab on a monthly basis, one day after the detailed release (see Microdata: Longitudinal Labour Force, Australia)

See the Survey output section of Labour Force, Australia methodology for more information.

Labour Force status

Data files

Table 1. Labour force status by Sex, Australia - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original
Download xlsx [699.74 KB]
Table 4. Labour force status by Sex, New South Wales - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original
Download xlsx [518.23 KB]
Table 5. Labour force status by Sex, Victoria - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original
Download xlsx [517.64 KB]
Table 6. Labour force status by Sex, Queensland - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original
Download xlsx [519.91 KB]
Table 7. Labour force status by Sex, South Australia - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original
Download xlsx [513.74 KB]
Table 8. Labour force status by Sex, Western Australia - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original
Download xlsx [517.15 KB]
Table 9. Labour force status by Sex, Tasmania - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original
Download xlsx [515.47 KB]
Table 10. Labour force status by Sex, Northern Territory - Trend and Original
Download xlsx [465.66 KB]
Table 10a. Labour force status by Sex, Northern Territory - Seasonally adjusted
Download xlsx [161.23 KB]
Table 11. Labour force status by Sex, Australian Capital Territory - Trend and Original
Download xlsx [421.94 KB]
Table 11a. Labour force status by Sex, Australian Capital Territory - Seasonally adjusted
Download xlsx [161.13 KB]
Table 12. Labour force status by Sex, State and Territory - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original
Download xlsx [4.26 MB]
Table 12a. Labour force status by Sex, Territory - Seasonally adjusted
Download xlsx [275.51 KB]
Table 13. Labour force status for 15-24 year olds by Sex - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original
Download xlsx [685.08 KB]
Table 15. Labour force status for 15-24 year olds by Educational attendance (full-time) and Sex
Download xlsx [767.66 KB]
Table 16. Labour force status for 15-24 year olds by State, Territory and Educational attendance (full-time)
Download xlsx [2.35 MB]
Table 17. Labour force status for 15-19 year olds by Sex - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original
Download xlsx [580.98 KB]
Table 18. Labour force status for 15-64 year olds by Sex - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original
Download xlsx [695.54 KB]

Hours worked

Data files

Table 19. Monthly hours worked in all jobs by Employed full-time, part-time and Sex and by State and Territory - Trend and Seasonally adjusted
Download xlsx [254.67 KB]
Table 19a. Monthly hours worked in all jobs by Employed full-time, part-time and Sex and Territory - Seasonally adjusted
Download xlsx [60.13 KB]
Table 21. Quarterly hours worked in all jobs by Market and Non-market sector - Seasonally adjusted
Download xlsx [57 KB]
EM2a - Employed persons who worked fewer hours than usual by hours actually worked in all jobs and sex, January 1991 onwards (pivot table)
Download xlsx [21.08 MB]
EM2b - Employed persons who worked fewer hours than usual by hours actually worked in all jobs, state and territory, January 1991 onwards (pivot table)
Download xlsx [9.78 MB]

Underemployment and underutilisation

Data files

Table 22. Underutilised persons by Age and Sex - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original
Download xlsx [4.76 MB]
Table 23. Underutilised persons by State and Territory and Sex - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original
Download xlsx [5.81 MB]
Table 23a. Underutilised persons by Territory and Sex - Seasonally adjusted
Download xlsx [397.66 KB]
Table 24. Underutilised persons by Age and Sex (expanded analytical series)
Download xlsx [434.08 KB]
Table 25. Underutilised persons by State, Territory and Sex (expanded analytical series)
Download xlsx [359.44 KB]

Flows into and out of employment

GM1 - Labour force status and Gross changes (flows) by Age, Sex, State and Territory, February 1991 onwards

Data files

Download xlsx [79.66 MB]

All time series spreadsheets

Data files

Download zip [25.94 MB]

Data Explorer datasets

Caution: Data in the Data Explorer is currently released after the 11:30am release on the ABS website. Please check the time period when using Data Explorer.

For information on Data Explorer and how it works, see the Data Explorer user guide.

Labour force status by Sex, State and Territory - Number of people employed, unemployed and not in the labour force, monthly, February 1978 and onwards

APA

Labour Force, Australia

APA

Key statistics

Survey impacts and changes

Reinstating Trend data

Articles and other information

Seasonal adjustment and trend estimates

Major rebenchmarking of labour force estimates

Survey response and timeline

Unemployment

Employment

Flows into and out of employment

Full-time and part-time employment

Employment-to-population ratio

Hours worked

Participation

Underemployment

States and Territories

Rotation group analysis

Sample composition and rotation

Estimates for the incoming and outgoing rotation groups

States and Territories

Managing COVID-19 impacts on incoming rotation groups

Comparability with seasonally adjusted and trend data

Contribution from sample components to estimates

Data downloads

Labour Force status

Table 1. Labour force status by Sex, Australia - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 4. Labour force status by Sex, New South Wales - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 5. Labour force status by Sex, Victoria - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 6. Labour force status by Sex, Queensland - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 7. Labour force status by Sex, South Australia - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 8. Labour force status by Sex, Western Australia - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 9. Labour force status by Sex, Tasmania - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 10. Labour force status by Sex, Northern Territory - Trend and Original

Table 10a. Labour force status by Sex, Northern Territory - Seasonally adjusted

Table 11. Labour force status by Sex, Australian Capital Territory - Trend and Original

Table 11a. Labour force status by Sex, Australian Capital Territory - Seasonally adjusted

Table 12. Labour force status by Sex, State and Territory - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 12a. Labour force status by Sex, Territory - Seasonally adjusted

Table 13. Labour force status for 15-24 year olds by Sex - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 15. Labour force status for 15-24 year olds by Educational attendance (full-time) and Sex

Table 16. Labour force status for 15-24 year olds by State, Territory and Educational attendance (full-time)

Table 17. Labour force status for 15-19 year olds by Sex - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 18. Labour force status for 15-64 year olds by Sex - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Hours worked

Table 19. Monthly hours worked in all jobs by Employed full-time, part-time and Sex and by State and Territory - Trend and Seasonally adjusted

Table 19a. Monthly hours worked in all jobs by Employed full-time, part-time and Sex and Territory - Seasonally adjusted

Table 21. Quarterly hours worked in all jobs by Market and Non-market sector - Seasonally adjusted

EM2a - Employed persons who worked fewer hours than usual by hours actually worked in all jobs and sex, January 1991 onwards (pivot table)

EM2b - Employed persons who worked fewer hours than usual by hours actually worked in all jobs, state and territory, January 1991 onwards (pivot table)

Underemployment and underutilisation

Table 22. Underutilised persons by Age and Sex - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 23. Underutilised persons by State and Territory and Sex - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 23a. Underutilised persons by Territory and Sex - Seasonally adjusted

Table 24. Underutilised persons by Age and Sex (expanded analytical series)

Table 25. Underutilised persons by State, Territory and Sex (expanded analytical series)

Flows into and out of employment

GM1 - Labour force status and Gross changes (flows) by Age, Sex, State and Territory, February 1991 onwards

All time series spreadsheets

All time series spreadsheets

Data Explorer datasets

Article archive

Understanding the labour force

Employment and jobs

Unemployment and underemployment

Hours worked

Regional estimates

LFS content and output

Methodology

Previous catalogue number

Methodology

Articles

Insights into hours worked, September 2022

Historical charts from August 1966 to September 2022

Media releases

Unemployment rate remains at 3.5%

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