Sources and methods - Quarterly

Quarterly indicator series for Food and non-alcoholic beverages are derived by weighting together series from the ABS publication, Retail Trade, Australia, based on weights from the 2012-13 Retail and Wholesale Industries Surveys (RIS/WIS).

The indicator at the national level is used to allocate benchmarked annual estimates to the four quarters of the year, as well as to derive quarterly estimates for Food and non-alcoholic beverages past the latest available benchmark.

State/Territory estimates are derived from the national estimates using the relative proportions in the indicator series.

The following scope and coverage adjustments are made:

• net expenditure overseas;
• backyard production; and
• underground (or cash) economy.

Current price estimates of purchases of food and non-alcoholic beverages by Australian residents in Australia are re-valued using a weighted average of components from the CPI Food and non-alcoholic Beverages group.

Current price estimates of purchases of food and non-alcoholic beverages by Australian residents overseas are re-valued using a composite index of overseas CPIs adjusted for exchange rate changes.

Chain volume estimates of Food and non-alcoholic beverages are derived by aggregating the elemental volume components above.

Quarterly indicator series for Alcoholic beverages are derived by weighting together series from the ABS publication, Retail Trade, Australia and the quarterly Business Indicators: Australia, based on weights from the 20012-13 Retail and Wholesale Industries Surveys.

The indicator at the national level is used to allocate benchmarked annual estimates to the four quarters of the year, as well as to derive quarterly estimates for Alcoholic beverages past the latest available benchmark.

State/Territory estimates are derived from the national estimates using the relative proportions in the indicator series.

The following scope and coverage adjustments are made:

• net expenditure overseas;
• backyard production; and
• taxes refunded through the Tourist Refund Scheme.

Current price estimates of purchases of alcohol by Australian residents in Australia are re-valued using a weighted average of components from the CPI Alcoholic beverages sub-group.

Current price estimates of purchases of alcohol by Australian residents overseas are re-valued using a composite index of overseas CPIs adjusted for exchange rate changes.

Chain volume estimates of Alcoholic beverages are derived by aggregating the elemental volume components above.

The quarterly indicator for Cigarettes and tobacco is derived using price and quantity information sourced from the scanner data of the major supermarket chains. The data contains product codes (SKUs), product descriptions, prices, quantities and store metadata. SKUs are aggregated into five major categories: cartons, packs (normal cigarettes and cigars), grams of leaf tobacco sold, filters and papers.

The indicator at the national level is used to allocate benchmarked annual estimates to the four quarters of the year, as well as to derive quarterly estimates for Cigarettes and tobacco past the latest available benchmark.

State/Territory estimates are derived from the national estimates using the relative proportions in the indicator series.

The following scope and coverage adjustments are made:

• net expenditure overseas.

Current price estimates of purchases of cigarettes and tobacco by Australian residents in Australia are re-valued using the CPI for Tobacco.

Current price estimates of purchases of cigarettes and tobacco by Australian residents overseas are re-valued using a composite index of overseas CPIs adjusted for exchange rate changes.

Chain volume estimates of Cigarettes and tobacco are derived by aggregating the elemental volume components above.

Quarterly indicator series for Clothing and footwear are derived by weighting together series from the ABS publication, Retail Trade, Australia, based on weights from the 2012-13 Retail and Wholesale Industries Surveys.

The indicator at the national level is used to allocate benchmarked annual estimates to the four quarters of the year, as well as to derive quarterly estimates for Clothing and footwear past the latest available benchmark.

State/Territory estimates are derived from the national estimates using the relative proportions in the indicator series.

The following scope and coverage adjustments are made:

• net expenditure overseas;
• repair and maintenance;
• taxes refunded through the Tourist Refund Scheme; and
• underground (or cash) economy.

Current price estimates of purchases of clothing and footwear by Australian residents in Australia are re-valued using a weighted average of components from the CPI Clothing and footwear group.

Current price estimates of purchases of clothing and footwear by Australian residents overseas are re-valued using a composite index of overseas CPIs adjusted for exchange rate changes.

Chain volume estimates of Clothing and footwear are derived by aggregating the elemental volume components above.

Quarterly estimates of the imputed rent of owner-occupiers are obtained by multiplying the stock of owner-occupied dwellings by the average rent paid.

Information regarding the stock of owner-occupied dwellings and the rents paid for those dwellings are obtained from the Census of Population and Housing, conducted every five years.

The stock of owner-occupied dwellings includes all occupied private dwellings and a proportion of unoccupied private dwellings but excludes short-term caravans in caravan parks. Private dwellings include separate houses, duplexes, townhouses, flats (including those which are part of a building that is used for commercial purposes such as a retail shop) and caravans used for long-term accommodation.

For intercensal and post-Census periods, the stock is moved forward using the number of dwelling unit completions from the ABS publication, Building Activity, Australia. This is then modified by a factor to take account of other changes to the stock of dwellings; that is, demolitions, net conversions from commercial uses and dwelling completions not in the scope of the survey. For intercensal periods, this factor is calculated by dividing the change in the stock of owner-occupied dwellings between Census benchmarks by the total number of dwelling completions in the period. For the post-Census period, the factor is assumed to be the same as that for the latest intercensal period.

The benchmark average rent paid for owner-occupied dwellings is calculated by multiplying average rents reported in the Census (adjusted to exclude rents at less than market value) for privately rented dwellings in various categories (major urban, other urban, rural etc., cross-classified by the structure of the dwelling and number of bedrooms) by the number of owner-occupied dwellings in those same categories.

For intercensal and post-Census periods, the benchmark average rent paid is updated using data from the Survey of Income and Housing, and industry reports from Australian Property Monitors (APM) and the Real Estate Institute of Australia (REIA).

The latest benchmark of average rent paid is moved forward using a weighted average of price indexes from the CPI for privately-owned dwelling rents. The weights used have been derived from the Census of Population and Housing.

Separate estimates of imputed rentals for housing are published on an annual basis in Australian System of National Accounts.

Quarterly estimates of actual rent for housing is the difference between total dwelling rent and the imputed rent of owner-occupiers.

Separate estimates of actual rent for housing are published on an annual basis in Australian System of National Accounts.

Quarterly estimates of total dwelling rent (the imputed rent of owner-occupiers plus actual rent paid by renters) are obtained by multiplying the total stock of dwellings by the average rent paid.

Similar to imputed rentals for housing, information regarding the stock of total dwellings and rents paid is obtained from the Census of Population and Housing.

The stock of total dwellings includes all occupied private dwellings and a proportion of unoccupied private dwellings but excludes short-term caravans in caravan parks. Private dwellings include separate houses, duplexes, townhouses, flats (including those which are part of a building that is used for commercial purposes such as a retail shop) and caravans used for long-term accommodation.

For intercensal and post-Census periods, the stock of total dwellings is again moved forward using the number of dwelling unit completions from the ABS publication,  Building Activity, Australia. This is then modified by a factor to take account of other changes to the stock of dwellings; that is, demolitions, net conversions from commercial uses, and dwelling completions not in the scope of the survey. For intercensal periods, this factor is calculated by dividing the change in the total stock of dwellings between Census benchmarks by the total number of dwelling completions in the period. For the post-Census period, the factor is assumed to be the same as that for the latest intercensal period.

The benchmark for average rent paid is calculated by multiplying the average rents reported in the Census (adjusted to exclude rents at less than market value) for privately rented dwellings in various categories (major urban, other urban, rural, etc., cross-classified by the structure of the dwelling and number of bedrooms) by the number of rented dwellings in those same categories.

For intercensal and post-Census periods, the benchmark average rent paid is updated using data from the Survey of Income and Housing, and industry reports from Australian Property Monitors and the Real Estate Institute of Australia.

The latest benchmark of average rent paid is moved forward using a weighted average of price indexes from the CPI for privately-owned and government-owned dwelling rents. The weights used have been derived from the Census of Population and Housing.

Quarterly volume estimates for total rent for housing are obtained by quantity revaluing the current price estimates using the average net capital stock of dwellings. Quarterly estimates of capital stock are derived by linearly interpolating and extrapolating the annual estimates.

Initial State allocations are derived using estimated resident population.

Quarterly indicator series for other services related to the dwelling are derived by multiplying estimated resident population by the CPI for water and sewerage.

The indicator at the national level is used to allocate benchmarked annual estimates to the four quarters of the year, as well as to derive quarterly estimates for other services related to the dwelling past the latest available benchmark.

State/Territory estimates are derived from the national estimates using the relative proportions in the indicator series.

No additional adjustments are made to current price estimates of other services related to the dwelling.

Quarterly indicators for household expenditure on electricity and gas are derived using Energy Retailing Survey (ERS) data from the Survey of Consumer Sales (SOCS) in Table 17 of Retail Trade, Australia. The ERS covers registered electricity and gas suppliers to households.

The quarterly indicator series for other household fuels is derived from sales of heating oil and kerosene from the monthly Australian Petroleum Statistics report, published by the Department of Industry, Science, Energy and Resources (DISER), together with price data from the CPI for gas and other household fuels.

These indicator series are used to allocate benchmarked annual estimates to the four quarters of the year, as well as to derive quarterly estimates past the latest available benchmark.

State/Territory estimates for electricity and gas are derived from the national estimates using the relative proportions in the indicator series. Other household fuels is apportioned according to data from the Household Expenditure Survey, Australia: Summary of Results.

No additional adjustments are made to current price estimates of Electricity, gas and other fuels.

Quarterly indicator series for furniture and furnishings, carpets and other floor coverings are derived by weighting together series from the ABS publication, Retail Trade, Australia, based on weights from the 2012-13 Retail and Wholesale Industries Surveys.

The indicator at the national level is used to allocate benchmarked annual estimates to the four quarters of the year, as well as to derive quarterly estimates for furniture and furnishings, carpets and other floor covering past the latest available benchmark.

State/Territory estimates are derived from the national estimates using the relative proportions in the indicator series.

The following scope and coverage adjustments are made:

• net expenditure overseas;
• taxes refunded through the Tourist Refund Scheme; and
• underground (or cash) economy.

Current price estimates of purchases of furniture and furnishings, carpets and other floor coverings in Australia are re-valued using the CPI for Furniture and furnishings.

Quarterly indicator series for household textiles are derived by weighting together series from the ABS publication, Retail Trade, Australia, based on weights from the 2012-13 Retail and Wholesale Industries Surveys.

The indicator at the national level is used to allocate benchmarked annual estimates to the four quarters of the year, as well as to derive quarterly estimates for household textiles past the latest available benchmark.

State/Territory estimates are derived from the national estimates using the relative proportions in the indicator series.

The following scope and coverage adjustments are made:

• net expenditure overseas; and
• taxes refunded through the Tourist Refund Scheme.

Current price estimates of purchases of household textiles in Australia are re-valued using a weighted average of relevant components from the CPI.

Quarterly indicator series for household appliances are derived by weighting together series from the ABS publication, Retail Trade, Australia, based on weights from the 2012-13 Retail and Wholesale Industries Survey.

The indicator at the national level is used to allocate benchmarked annual estimates to the four quarters of the year, as well as to derive quarterly estimates for household appliances past the latest available benchmark.

State/Territory estimates are derived from the national estimates using the relative proportions in the indicator series.

The following scope and coverage adjustments are made:

• net expenditure overseas;
• taxes refunded through the Tourist Refund Scheme; and
• repairs and maintenance.

Current price estimates of purchases of household appliances in Australia are re-valued using a weighted average of relevant components from the CPI Household appliances, utensils and tools sub-group.

Quarterly indicator series for glassware, tableware and household utensils are derived by weighting together series from the ABS publication, Retail Trade, Australia, based on weights from the 2012-13 Retail and Wholesale Industries Survey.

The indicator at the national level is used to allocate benchmarked annual estimates to the four quarters of the year, as well as to derive quarterly estimates for glassware, tableware and household utensils past the latest available benchmark.

State/Territory estimates are derived from the national estimates using the relative proportions in the indicator series.

The following scope and coverage adjustments are made:

• net expenditure overseas; and
• taxes refunded through the Tourist Refund Scheme.

Current price estimates of purchases of glassware, tableware and household utensils in Australia are re-valued using a weighted average of relevant components from the CPI Household appliances, utensils and tools sub-group.

Quarterly indicator series for tools and equipment for house and garden are derived by weighting together series from the ABS publication, Retail Trade, Australia, based on weights from the 2012-13 Retail and Wholesale Industries Survey.

The indicator at the national level is used to allocate benchmarked annual estimates to the four quarters of the year, as well as to derive quarterly estimates for tools and equipment for house and garden past the latest available benchmark.

State/Territory estimates are derived from the national estimates using the relative proportions in the indicator series.

The following scope and coverage adjustments are made:

• net expenditure overseas;
• taxes refunded through the Tourist Refund Scheme; and
• repairs and maintenance.

Current price estimates of purchases of tools and equipment for house and garden in Australia are re-valued using the CPI for Tools and equipment for house and garden.

Quarterly indicator series for non-durable household goods are derived by weighting together series from the ABS publication, Retail Trade, Australia, based on weights from the 2012-13 Retail and Wholesale Industries Survey.

The indicator at the national level is used to allocate benchmarked annual estimates to the four quarters of the year, as well as to derive quarterly estimates for non-durable household goods past the latest available benchmark.

State/Territory estimates are derived from the national estimates using the relative proportions in the indicator series.

The following scope and coverage adjustments are made:

• net expenditure overseas;
• taxes refunded through the Tourist Refund Scheme; and
• repairs and maintenance.

Current price estimates of purchases of non-durable household goods in Australia are re-valued using a weighted average of relevant components from the CPI.

Current price estimates of purchases of furnishings and household equipment by non-residents in Australia are re-valued using a weighted average of relevant components from the CPI.

Current price estimates of purchases of furnishings and household equipment by Australian residents overseas are re-valued using a composite index of overseas CPIs adjusted for exchange rate changes.

In deriving the chain volume estimates of furnishings and household Equipment, the elemental volume estimate of purchases by non-residents in Australia is subtracted from the sum of the other elemental volume components above.

Quarterly indicator series for total expenditure on medicines, medical aids and therapeutic appliances are derived by weighting together series from the ABS publication, Retail Trade, Australia, based on weights from the 2012-13 Retail and Wholesale Industries Survey.

The indicator includes both household (out-of-pocket) and government (benefit) expense. HFCE captures the out-of-pocket expenditure of households on medicines, medical aids and therapeutic appliance, so an adjustment is made to remove the government contribution. Government Finance Statistics provide an estimate of the benefits paid by the Government as part of the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme. This estimate, at the national level, is apportioned across each State and Territory based on the relative proportions in the indicator series above.

These amounts are then deducted from the retail-based series to obtain indicators for household expenditure on medicines, medical aids and therapeutic appliances.

The national indicator derived from this process is used to allocate benchmarked annual estimates to the four quarters of the year, as well as to derive quarterly estimates for medicines, medical aids and therapeutic appliances past the latest available benchmark.

State/Territory estimates are derived from the national estimate using the relative proportions in the indicator series.

The following scope and coverage adjustments are made:

• net expenditure overseas.

A further adjustment is made to remove cosmetic and toiletry goods retailing which is included in the Retail Trade indicator for medicines, medical aids and therapeutic appliances. Cosmetic and toiletry goods retailing products are captured in personal care products under the Other goods and services COICOP category.

Quarterly indicator series for total expenditure on ambulatory health care are compiled using data from Services Australia on the fees charged for medical services and procedures where Medicare benefits were paid, as well as private health insurance statistics from the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority (APRA).

Government Finance Statistics provide an estimate of the benefits paid by the Government under Medicare. This estimate, at the national level, is apportioned across each State and Territory based on the relative proportions in the indicator series above.

These amounts are deducted from the Commonwealth Department of Health and Aged Care and APRA based series to obtain indicators for household expenditure on ambulatory health care.

The national indicator derived from this process is used to allocate benchmarked annual estimates to the four quarters of the year, as well as to derive quarterly estimates for ambulatory health care past the latest available benchmark.

State/Territory estimates are derived from the national estimates using the relative proportions in the indicator series.

The following scope and coverage adjustments are made:

• net expenditure overseas.

The APRA series for private health insurance benefits paid for hospital care is used as the quarterly indicator for household expenditure on private hospitals.

The indicator for fees paid to public hospitals, nursing homes, and for ambulance services is data from the Commonwealth Department of Health and Aged Care on the fees charged for medical services and procedures where Medicare benefits were paid.

These indicators are used to allocate benchmarked annual estimates to the four quarters of the year, as well as to derive quarterly estimates for hospital, ambulance services and nursing home care past the latest available benchmark.

State/Territory estimates are derived from the national estimates using the relative proportions in the indicator series.

The following scope and coverage adjustments are made:

• net expenditure overseas

Current price estimates of purchases of health by Australian residents overseas are re-valued using a composite index of overseas CPIs adjusted for exchange rate changes.

Current price estimates of purchases of health by non-residents in Australia as re-valued using a weighted average of relevant components from the CPI Health group.

In deriving chain volume estimates of health, the elemental volume estimate of purchases by non-residents in Australia is subtracted from the sum of the other elemental volume components above.

The number of new motor vehicle sales by type of vehicle and sector (private, business and government), and the average price of these sales are obtained quarterly from the Federal Chamber of Automotive Industries’ VFACTS report.

From these data, the quarterly indicator series for purchase of new motor vehicles is derived by multiplying the number of sales of each type of vehicle by their average sale price and aggregating.

The indicators for all the subcomponents of this COICOP category (New motor vehicles, used vehicles from other sectors and Dealers’ margins) are summed to derive an indicator for total purchase of vehicles. The aggregated indicator is used to allocate benchmarked annual estimates of purchase of vehicles to the four quarters of the year, as well as to derive quarterly estimates past the latest available benchmark.

The national estimate for purchase of vehicles is apportioned across each State/Territory using the relative proportions in the indicator series.

No additional adjustments are made to current price estimates of new motor vehicles purchases.

Quarterly indicator series for purchases of used vehicles from other sectors are based on movements in the average value of new motor vehicle purchases from [q-6] to [q-12].

The indicators for all the subcomponents of this COICOP category (New motor vehicles, used vehicles from other sectors and Dealers’ margins) are summed to derive an indicator for total purchase of vehicles. The aggregated indicator is used to allocate benchmarked annual estimates of purchase of vehicles to the four quarters of the year, as well as to derive quarterly estimates past the latest available benchmark.

The national estimate for purchase of vehicles is apportioned across each State/Territory using the relative proportions in the indicator series.

No additional adjustments are made to current price estimates of used vehicles from other sectors.

Quarterly indicator series for dealers’ margins on used vehicles traded between households through dealers are based on movements in the average value of new motor vehicle purchases from [q-6] to [q-12].

The indicators for all the subcomponents of this COICOP category (New motor vehicles, used vehicles from other sectors and Dealers’ margins) are summed to derive an indicator for total purchase of vehicles. The aggregated indicator is used to allocate benchmarked annual estimates of purchase of vehicles to the four quarters of the year, as well as to derive quarterly estimates past the latest available benchmark.

The national estimate for purchase of vehicles is apportioned across each State/Territory using the relative proportions in the indicator series.

No additional adjustments are made to current price estimates of dealers’ margins.

Current price estimates of purchases of motor vehicles by Australian residents in Australia are re-valued using the CPI for Motor vehicles.

Current price estimates of purchases of motor vehicles by Australian residents overseas are re-valued using a composite index of overseas CPIs.

Chain volume estimates of purchase of vehicles are derived by summing the elemental volume components above.

The quarterly indicator for household expenditure on fuel is derived from petroleum sales volumes from the Department of Industry, Science, Energy and Resources (DISER) publication, Australian Petroleum Statistics, together with price data from the CPI for Automotive fuel.

The quarterly indicator for household purchases of tyres is private kilometres travelled from the Survey of Motor Vehicle Use (SMVU) multiplied by the CPI for Spare parts and accessories for motor vehicles.

The quarterly indicator for household expenditure on batteries and car accessories is derived from the number of vehicles registered to households and price data from the CPI.

These indicators are aggregated to derive an indicator for total motoring goods, which is then used to allocate benchmarked annual estimates to the four quarters of the year, as well as to derive quarterly estimates past the latest available benchmark.

The national estimate for motoring goods is apportioned across each State and Territory by applying weights derived from the Household Expenditure Survey, Australia: Summary of Results.

The following adjustment is made:

• net expenditure overseas.

The quarterly indicator for household expenditure on repairs and servicing is private kilometres travelled from the SMVU, multiplied by the CPI for Maintenance and repair of motor vehicles.

For panel beating and smash repairs, the indicator is the number of vehicles registered to households multiplied by the CPI for Motor vehicle insurance.

These indicators are aggregated to derive an indicator for total repair and maintenance expenditure, which is then used to allocate benchmarked annual estimates to the four quarters of the year, as well as to derive quarterly estimates past the latest available benchmark.

The national estimate for repair and maintenance expenditure is apportioned across each State and Territory by applying weights derived from the Household Expenditure Survey, Australia: Summary or Results.

The following scope and coverage adjustments are made:

• net expenditure overseas.

The quarterly indicator for miscellaneous motoring expenses paid by households is the CPI for Other services in respect of motor vehicles multiplied by the number of vehicles registered to households.

This indicator is used to allocate benchmarked annual estimates to the four quarters of the year, as well as to derive quarterly estimates past the latest available benchmark.

The national estimate for miscellaneous motoring expenditure is apportioned across each State and Territory by applying weights derived from the Household Expenditure Survey, Australia: Summary of Results.

The following scope and coverage adjustments are made:

• net expenditure overseas.

Current price estimates of expenditures on operation of vehicles by Australian residents in Australia are each re-valued using relevant components of the CPI Private motoring sub-group.

Current price estimates of expenditures on operation of vehicles by non-residents in Australia are re-valued using a weighted average of relevant components from the CPI.

Current price estimates of expenditures on operation of vehicles by Australian residents overseas are re-valued using a composite index of overseas CPIs adjusted for exchange rate changes.

In deriving volume estimates of operation of vehicles, the elemental volume estimate of purchases by non-residents in Australia is subtracted from the total of the other elemental volume components above.

Quarterly indicator series for passenger transport by railway are derived using the revenue data of government transport authorities, from Government Finance Statistics, and data from private operators of rail services.

The indicator at the national level is used to allocate benchmarked annual estimates to the four quarters of the year, as well as to derive quarterly estimates for passenger transport by railway past the latest available benchmark.

State/Territory estimates are derived from the national estimates using the relative proportions in the indicator series.

The following scope and coverage adjustments are made:

• net expenditure overseas.

Current price estimates of expenditures on passenger transport by railway in Australia are re-valued using the CPI for Urban transport fares.

Quarterly indicator series for household expenditure on bus fares is derived using the revenue data of government transport authorities, from Government Finance Statistics, and data from major private operators of bus services.

For expenditure on taxi and hire car charges, the indicator is the CPI price data on taxi fares, multiplied by an estimate of usage.

These indicators are used to allocate benchmarked annual estimates to the four quarters of the year, as well as to derive quarterly estimates past the latest available benchmark.

State/Territory estimates are derived from the national estimates using the relative proportions in the indicator series.

The following scope and coverage adjustments are made:

• net expenditure overseas; and
• underground (or cash) economy.

Current price estimates of expenditures on passenger transport by road in Australia are each re-valued using relevant components of the CPI Transport group.

The quarterly indicator series for domestic air fares is based on revenue data provided by the major airlines.

For international air fares, the indicator is derived using data on imports of transportation services from the ABS Balance of Payments and revenue information provided by the major airlines.

These indicator series are aggregated to derive an indicator for total passenger transport by air, which is then used to allocate benchmarked annual estimates to the four quarters of the year, as well as to derive quarterly estimates past the latest available benchmark.

The national estimates for passenger transport by air are apportioned across each State and Territory by applying weights derived from the Household Expenditure Survey, Australia: Summary of Results.

The following scope and coverage adjustments are made:

• net expenditure overseas.

Quarterly indicator series for household expenditure on domestic passenger transport by sea are derived using the revenue data of public transport authorities, from Government Finance Statistics.

For international shipping fares, the quarterly data are moved forward using a constant growth rate.

These indicator series are aggregated to derive an indicator for total passenger transport by sea and inland water, which is then used to allocate benchmarked annual estimates to the four quarters of the year, as well as to derive quarterly estimates past the latest available benchmark.

State/Territory estimates are derived from the national estimates using the relative proportions in the indicator series.

The following scope and coverage adjustments are made:

• net expenditure overseas.

Expenditures on domestic shipping fares in Australia are re-valued using the CPI for Urban transport fares.

Expenditures on overseas shipping fares in Australia are re-valued using a specially constructed cruise ship price index.

Current price estimates of expenditure on transport services by non-residents in Australia are re-valued using the CPI for Urban transport fares.

Current price estimates of expenditures on transport services by Australian residents overseas are re-valued using a composite index of overseas CPIs adjusted for exchange rate changes.

In deriving the chain volume estimates of transport services, the elemental volume estimate of expenditure by non-residents in Australia is subtracted from the total of the other elemental volume components above.

The quarterly indicator series for postal services is estimated from data provided by Australia Post on the sales of stamps and postage labels, and the hire of mail boxes and bags.

This indicator is used to allocate benchmarked annual estimates to the four quarters of the year, as well as to derive quarterly estimates for postal services past the latest available benchmark.

The national estimate is apportioned across each State and Territory by applying weights derived from the Household Expenditure Survey, Australia: Summary of Results.

The following scope and coverage adjustments are made:

• net expenditure overseas.

Current price estimates of expenditures on postal services in Australia are re-valued using the CPI for Postal services.

The quarterly indicators for household expenditure on telephone and internet services are derived using the SOCS Communications Services Survey (CSS) in Table 17 of Retail Trade, Australia. The CSS covers registered telecommunication providers to households.

The quarterly indicators for telephone and internet services are aggregated to derive an indicator for total telecommunication services, which is then used to allocate benchmarked annual estimates to the four quarters of the year, as well as to derive quarterly estimates past the latest available benchmark.

The national estimate for telecommunication services is apportioned across each State and Territory by applying weights derived from the Household Expenditure Survey, Australia: Survey of Results.

The following scope and coverage adjustments are made:

• net expenditure overseas.

Current price estimates of expenditures on telecommunication services in Australia are re-valued using the CPI for Telecommunication equipment and services.

Current price estimates of expenditure on communication services by non-residents in Australia are re-valued using the CPI for Communication.

Current price estimates of expenditures on communication services by Australian residents overseas are re-valued using a composite index of overseas CPIs adjusted for exchange rate changes.

In deriving the chain volume estimates of communication services, the elemental volume estimate of expenditure by non-residents in Australia is subtracted from the total of the other elemental volume components above.

Quarterly indicator series for audio visual, photographic and data processing equipment and accessories are derived by weighting together series from the ABS publication, Retail Trade, Australia, based on weights from the 2012-13 Retail and Wholesale Industries Survey.

The indicator at the national level is used to allocate benchmarked annual estimates to the four quarters of the year, as well as to derive quarterly estimates past the latest available benchmark.

State/Territory estimates are derived from the national estimates using the relative proportions in the indicator series.

The following scope and coverage adjustments are made:

• net expenditure overseas; and
• taxes refunded through the Tourist Refund Scheme.

Current price estimates of purchases of audio-visual, photographic and information processing equipment excluding computers in Australia are re-valued using a weighted average of relevant components from the CPI Audio, visual and computing equipment and services sub-group.

Current price estimates of purchases of computer equipment in Australia are re-valued using the CPI for Computing equipment.

Current price estimates of purchases of audio-visual, photographic and information processing equipment by non-residents in Australia are re-valued using a weighted average of relevant components from the CPI Audio, visual and computing equipment and services sub-group.

Current price estimates of purchases of audio-visual, photographic and information processing equipment by Australian residents overseas are re-valued using a composite index of overseas CPIs adjusted for exchange rate changes.

In deriving the chain volume estimates of audio-visual, photographic and information processing equipment, the elemental volume estimate of expenditure by non-residents in Australia is subtracted from the total of the other elemental volume components above.

Quarterly indicator series for other major durables for recreation and culture are derived by weighting together series from the ABS publication, Retail Trade, Australia, based on weights from the 2012-13 Retail and Wholesale Industries Survey.

The indicator at the national level is used to allocate benchmarked annual estimates to the four quarters of the year, as well as to derive quarterly estimates for other major durables for recreation and culture past the latest available benchmark.

State/Territory estimates are derived from the national estimate using the relative proportions in the indicator series.

The following scope and coverage adjustments are made:

• net expenditure overseas

Current price estimates of purchases of other major durables for recreation and culture by Australian residents in Australia are re-valued using a weighted average of components from the CPI Recreation and culture group.

Current price estimates of purchases of other major durables for recreation and culture by Australian residents overseas are re-valued using a composite index of overseas CPIs adjusted for exchange rate changes.

Chain volume estimates of other major durables for recreation and culture are derived by aggregating the elemental volume components above.

For each of the components of other recreational items and equipment, quarterly indicator series are derived by weighting together the series from the ABS publication, Retail Trade, Australia, based on weights from the 2012-13 Retail and Wholesale Industries Survey.

The indicator at the national level for each of these components is used to allocate benchmarked annual estimates to the four quarters of the year, as well as to derive quarterly estimates past the latest available benchmark.

State/Territory estimates are derived from the national estimates using the relative proportions in the indicator series.

The following scope and coverage adjustments are made:

• net expenditure overseas;
• taxes refunded through the Tourist Refund Scheme; and
• repairs and maintenance.

Current price estimates of purchases of other recreational items and equipment by Australian residents in Australia are re-valued using a weighted average of relevant components from the CPI.

Current price estimates of purchases of other recreational items and equipment by Australian residents overseas are re-valued using a composite index of overseas CPIs adjusted for exchange rate changes.

Chain volume estimates of other recreational items and equipment are derived by aggregating the elemental volume components above.

The quarterly indicator series for sporting and recreational services is estimated resident population multiplied by the CPI for Sports participation.

This indicator is used to allocate benchmarked annual estimates to the four quarters of the year, as well as to derive quarterly estimates for Sporting and recreational services past the latest available benchmark.

The national estimate is apportioned across each State and Territory by applying weights derived from the Household Expenditure Survey, Australia: Summary of Results.

The following scope and coverage adjustments are made:

• net expenditure overseas.

Current price estimates of expenditures on sporting and recreational services in Australia are re-valued using the CPI for Sports participation.

The quarterly indicator for cinema and other admissions is box office takings provided by the Motion Picture Distributors Association of Australia (MPDAA). For Pay TV, the indicator is revenue information from major service providers.

The quarterly indicator for television and video hire is moved forward using series from the ABS publication, Retail Trade, Australia.

Quarterly indicator series for veterinary and other services for pets are derived by weighting together series from the ABS publication, Retail Trade, Australia, based on weights from the 2012-13 Retail and Wholesale Industries Survey.

The above indicators are used to allocate benchmarked annual estimates to the four quarters of the year, as well as to derive quarterly estimates past the latest available benchmark.

State/Territory estimates for Cinema and other admissions and Pay TV are derived from the national estimates by applying weights from the Household Expenditure Survey, Australia: Summary of Results. State/Territory estimates of Television and video hire and Veterinary and other services for pets are calculated using the relative proportions in the indicator series.

The following scope and coverage adjustments are made:

• net expenditure overseas;
• taxes refunded through the Tourist Refund Scheme; and
• underground (or cash) economy.

Current price estimates of expenditures on cultural and entertainment services in Australia are re-valued using a weighted average of relevant components from the CPI Recreation and culture group.

Quarterly indicators for net losses by resident households on gambling are derived using data provided by Government Finance Statistics. These data include taxes levied on gaming machines, casinos and racing, lottery ticket sales and prizes paid, and TAB turnover and dividends paid.

The indicator at the national level is used to allocate benchmarked annual estimates to the four quarters of the year, as well as to derive quarterly estimates for net losses from gambling past the latest available benchmark.

State/Territory estimates are derived from the national estimate using the relative proportions in the indicator series.

The following scope and coverage adjustments are made:

• net expenditure overseas.

Current price estimates of net losses from gambling in Australia are re-valued using the All groups CPI excluding medical and hospital services. This treatment is not an attempt to measure the quantum of gambling as such, but rather to estimate the purchasing power, over other consumer goods and services, attributable to net losses from gambling.

Current price estimates of expenditure on recreational and cultural services by non-residents in Australia are re-valued using the CPI for Services.

Current price estimates of expenditures on recreational and cultural services by Australian residents overseas are re-valued using a composite index of overseas CPIs adjusted for exchange rate changes.

In deriving the chain volume estimates of recreational and cultural services, the elemental volume estimate of expenditure by non-residents in Australia is subtracted from the total of the other elemental volume components above.

Quarterly indicator series for newspapers, books and stationery are derived by weighting together series from the ABS publication, Retail Trade, Australia, based on weights from the 2012-13 Retail and Wholesale Industries Survey.

The indicator at the national level is used to allocate benchmarked annual estimates to the four quarters of the year, as well as to derive quarterly estimates for newspapers, books and stationery past the latest available benchmark.

State/Territory estimates are derived from the national estimate using the relative proportions in the indicator series.

The following scope and coverage adjustments are made:

• net expenditure overseas; and
• underground (or cash) economy.

Current price estimates of purchases of newspapers, books and stationery by Australian residents in Australia are re-valued using the CPI for Newspapers, books and stationery.

Current price estimates of purchases of newspapers, books and stationery by Australian residents overseas are re-valued using a composite index of overseas CPIs adjusted for exchange rate changes.

Chain volume estimates of newspapers, books and stationery are derived by aggregating the elemental volume components above.

Data on government receipts from the Higher Education Contribution Scheme (HECS), obtained from the Government Finance Statistics, is used as the indicator to compile estimates of expenditure on HECS.

Quarterly indicator series for the remaining components of tertiary education are derived by multiplying estimated resident population by the CPI for Tertiary education.

The indicators for all the subcomponents of this COICOP category are summed to derive an indicator for total education. The aggregated indicator is used to allocate benchmarked annual estimates of education to the four quarters of the year, as well as to derive quarterly estimates past the latest available benchmark.

State/Territory estimates are derived from the national estimates using the relative proportions in the indicator series.

The following scope and coverage adjustments are made:

• net expenditure overseas.

Quarterly indicator series for post-secondary education is derived by multiplying estimated resident population by the CPI for Secondary education.

The indicators for all the subcomponents of this COICOP category are summed to derive an indicator for total education. The aggregated indicator is used to allocate benchmarked annual estimates of education to the four quarters of the year, as well as to derive quarterly estimates past the latest available benchmark.

State/Territory estimates are derived from the National estimates using the relative proportions in the indicator series.

The following adjustment is made:

• net expenditure overseas.

The quarterly indicators for household expenditure on government primary and secondary education are benchmarked to the Household Expenditure Survey, Australia: Summary of Results, and moved forward using estimated resident population and CPI price data.

Similarly for private tutoring services, the indicator series are benchmarked to the Household Expenditure Survey, Australia: Summary of Results and moved forward using estimated resident population and the CPI for Secondary education.

Quarterly indicator series for private primary and secondary education are derived by multiplying estimated resident population by the CPI for Secondary education.

The indicators for all the subcomponents of this COICOP category are summed to derive an indicator for total education. The aggregated indicator is used to allocate benchmarked annual estimates of education to the four quarters of the year, as well as to derive quarterly estimates past the latest available benchmark.

State/Territory estimates are derived from the national estimates using the relative proportions in the indicator series.

The following scope and coverage adjustments are made:

• net expenditure overseas.

The quarterly indicators for preschool education are benchmarked to the Household Expenditure Survey, Australia: Summary of Results and moved forward using estimated resident population and the CPI for Preschool and primary education.

The indicators for all the subcomponents of this COICOP category are summed to derive an indicator for total education. The aggregated indicator is used to allocate benchmarked annual estimates of education to the four quarters of the year, as well as to derive quarterly estimates past the latest available benchmark.

State/Territory estimates are derived from the national estimates using the relative proportions in the indicator series.

The following scope and coverage adjustments are made:

• net expenditure overseas.

Current price estimates of purchases of education services by Australian residents in Australia are re-valued using the CPI for Education.

Current price estimates of purchases of education services by Australian residents overseas are re-valued using a composite index of overseas CPIs adjusted for exchange rate changes.

Chain volume estimates of education services are derived by aggregating the elemental volume components above.

Quarterly indicator series for catering are derived by weighting together series from the ABS publications, Retail Trade, Australia and Business Indicators, Australia, based on weights from the 2005-06 Retail and Wholesale Industries Survey.

The indicator at the national level is used to allocate benchmarked annual estimates to the four quarters of the year, as well as to derive quarterly estimates for catering past the latest available benchmark.

State/Territory estimates are derived from the national estimates using the relative proportions in the indicator series.

The following scope and coverage adjustments are made:

• net expenditure overseas; and
• underground (or cash) economy.

Current price estimates of expenditure on catering services by Australian residents in Australia are re-valued using a weighted average of relevant components from the CPI.

Current price estimates of expenditure on catering services by Australian residents overseas are re-valued using a composite index of overseas CPIs adjusted for exchange rate changes.

Chain volume estimates of catering services are derived by aggregating the elemental volume components above.

Quarterly indicators for Temporary accommodation services are derived from accommodation turnover data from Business Indicators, Australia.

For hostel accommodation for the aged or handicapped, the indicator is the All groups CPI multiplied by estimated residential population.

These indicators are used to allocate benchmarked annual estimates to the four quarters of the year, as well as to derive quarterly estimates past the latest available benchmark.

State/Territory estimates are derived from the national estimates using the relative proportions in the indicator series.

The following scope and coverage adjustments are made:

• net expenditure overseas.

Current price estimates of purchases of accommodation services by Australian residents in Australia are re-valued using the CPI for Domestic holiday travel and accommodation.

Current price estimates of purchases of accommodation services by Australian residents overseas are re-valued using a composite index of overseas CPIs adjusted for exchange rate changes.

Chain volume estimates of accommodation services are derived by aggregating the elemental volume components above.

Chain volume estimates of hotels, cafes and restaurants are derived by aggregating the elemental volume estimates.

The quarterly indicator series for hairdressers and beauty salons are benchmarked to the Household Expenditure Survey, Australia: Summary of Results  and moved forward using series from the ABS publication, Retail Trade, Australia.

For perfumes and cosmetics, quarterly indicator series are derived by weighting together series from the ABS publication, Retail Trade, Australia, based on weights from the 2012-13 Retail and Wholesale Industries Survey.

The indicators for these two subcomponents are used to allocate benchmarked annual estimates to the four quarters of the year, as well as to derive quarterly estimates past the latest available benchmark.

State/Territory estimates are derived from the national estimates using the relative proportions in the indicator series.

The following scope and coverage adjustments are made:

• net expenditure overseas;
• taxes refunded through the Tourist Refund Scheme; and
• underground (or cash) economy.

Current price estimates of purchases of personal care by Australian residents in Australia are re-valued using a weighted average of relevant components from the CPI Furnishings, household equipment and services group.

Current price estimates of purchases of personal care by Australian residents overseas are re-valued using a composite index of overseas CPIs adjusted for exchange rate changes.

Chain volume estimates of personal care are derived by aggregating the elemental volume components above.

The ABS publication, Retail Trade, Australia  is used as the indicator to derive quarterly estimates for this series.

Quarterly indicator series for both jewellery, watches and clocks and Other personal effects are derived by weighting together series from ABS publication, Retail Trade, Australia, based on weights from the 2012-13 Retail and Wholesale Industries Survey (RIS/WIS).

These indicators at the national level are used to allocate benchmarked annual estimates to the four quarters of the year, as well as to derive quarterly estimates past the latest available benchmark.

State/Territory estimates are derived from the national estimates using the relative proportions in the indicator series.

The following scope and coverage adjustments are made:

• net expenditure overseas; and
• taxes refunded through the Tourist Refund Scheme.

Current price estimates of purchases of personal effects by Australian residents in Australia are re-valued using a weighted average of relevant components from the CPI.

Current price estimates of purchases of personal effects by Australian residents overseas are re-valued using a composite index of overseas CPIs adjusted for exchange rate changes.

Chain volume estimates of personal effects are derived by aggregating the elemental volume components above.

Quarterly estimates of Life insurance and superannuation are derived using an indicator of the insurance service charge for pension funds and life insurance. (See the methodology for current price insurance services output indicator described for quarterly gross value added (GVA), Insurance and superannuation funds in Table 9.64.)

This indicator is used to allocate benchmarked annual estimates to the four quarters of the year, as well as to derive quarterly estimates past the latest available benchmark.

Quarterly estimates of Workers' compensation are derived using linear trend interpolation and extrapolation of the annual estimates.

Current price estimates of purchases of non-life insurance of householders' effects, other non-life insurance, health insurance and life insurance by Australian residents in Australia are each re-valued using the All groups CPI.

Current price estimates of purchases of motor vehicle insurance by Australian residents in Australia are re-valued using the CPI for Vehicle insurance.

Current price estimates of purchases of workers' compensation by Australian residents in Australia are re-valued using the relevant component of the Wage Price Index.

Current price estimates of purchases of insurance by Australian residents overseas are re-valued using a composite index of overseas CPIs adjusted for exchange rate changes.

Chain volume estimates of Insurance are derived by aggregating the elemental volume components above.

Quarterly estimates for the explicit charges levied by financial institutions are obtained by linear interpolation and extrapolation of the annual estimates.

Taxes on financial transactions passed on to households are set to a fixed value each quarter.

Quarterly estimates of Financial Intermediation Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are obtained using an indicator of the household use of FISIM generated by banks (see the methodology for quarterly gross operating surplus (GOS), financial corporations and quasi-corporations in Table 11.25.)

This indicator is used to allocate benchmarked annual estimates to the four quarters of the year, as well as to derive quarterly estimates past the latest available benchmark.

The following scope and coverage adjustments are made:

• net expenditure overseas.

Current price estimates of purchases of explicitly charged financial services by Australian residents in Australia are re-valued using the All groups CPI.

Current price estimates of taxes levied on financial transactions are re-valued using the All groups CPI excluding Housing.

Quarterly estimates of FISIM are obtained using a chain volume indicator of the household sector's use of FISIM generated by banks. (See the methodology for the quarterly gross value-added finance services described in Table 9.62.) This methodology derives a chain volume estimate for bank total FISIM output and the share of its use allocated to household final consumption expenditure (HFCE).

Current price estimates of purchases of financial services by Australian residents overseas are re-valued using a composite index of overseas CPIs adjusted for exchange rate changes.

Chain volume estimates of financial services are derived by aggregating the elemental volume components above.

Chain volume estimates of insurance and other financial services are derived by aggregating the elemental volume estimates for these subcategories.

For dry cleaning and laundering services, the quarterly indicator is estimated resident population multiplied by the CPI for Repairs to household durables.

The quarterly indicator for repair and maintenance not elsewhere included is derived using the estimated resident population estimates and the CPI for Hairdressing and personal grooming services.

For expenditure on funerals, the quarterly indicator is the number of deaths, taken from the ABS publication, National, State and Territory Population.

The quarterly indicators for estimates of household expenditure on child care services are the number of children under 10, from the ABS publication, National, State and Territory Population, and the CPI for Child care.

Household expenditure on photographic services is estimated using the CPI for Photographic services as the indicator.

Estimates of domestic services are moved forward quarterly using estimated resident population and the CPI for Gardening services.

Household expenditure on removalists' services, advertising services, services to students at post-secondary institutions, professional services other than health and other miscellaneous services are all derived using the CPI for Services as the indicator.

The above indicators are used to allocate benchmarked annual estimates to the four quarters of the year, as well as to derive quarterly estimates past the latest available benchmark.

State/Territory estimates are derived from the National using the relative proportions in the indicator series.

Estimates of expenditure on public authority fees (such as passport and marriage certificate charges) are moved forward quarterly using a constant growth rate.

The following scope and coverage adjustments are made:

• net expenditure overseas; and
• underground (or cash) economy.

Quarterly estimates of the current expenditure of non-profit institutions serving households (NPISHs) not elsewhere covered are moved forward using a constant growth rate.

Current price estimates of purchases of other services by Australian residents in Australia are re-valued using relevant components of the CPI and Wage Price Index (WPI).

Current price estimates of purchases of other services by Australian residents overseas are re-valued using a composite index of overseas CPIs adjusted for exchange rate changes.

Chain volume estimates of other services are derived by aggregating the elemental volume components above.