National, state and territory population

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Statistics about the population and components of change (births, deaths, migration) for Australia and its states and territories

Reference period

March 2021

Released

16/09/2021

View all releases

Key statistics

Australia’s population was 25,704,340 people at 31 March 2021.
The quarterly growth was 21,000 people (0.1%).
The annual growth was 35,700 people (0.1%).
Annual natural increase was 131,000 and net overseas migration was -95,300.

National

Annual population change

In the year ending 31 March 2021, Australia's population grew by 35,700 people (0.1%).

Annual population growth rate(a)(b)
	Annual population change (%)
Mar-01	1.3
Jun-01	1.3
Sep-01	1.3
Dec-01	1.3
Mar-02	1.2
Jun-02	1.1
Sep-02	1.1
Dec-02	1.1
Mar-03	1.2
Jun-03	1.2
Sep-03	1.2
Dec-03	1.1
Mar-04	1.1
Jun-04	1.1
Sep-04	1.1
Dec-04	1.1
Mar-05	1.2
Jun-05	1.2
Sep-05	1.3
Dec-05	1.3
Mar-06	1.4
Jun-06	1.4
Sep-06	1.5
Dec-06	1.6
Mar-07	1.7
Jun-07	1.8
Sep-07	1.9
Dec-07	1.9
Mar-08	2.0
Jun-08	2.0
Sep-08	2.1
Dec-08	2.2
Mar-09	2.1
Jun-09	2.1
Sep-09	2.0
Dec-09	1.8
Mar-10	1.7
Jun-10	1.6
Sep-10	1.5
Dec-10	1.4
Mar-11	1.4
Jun-11	1.4
Sep-11	1.5
Dec-11	1.6
Mar-12	1.7
Jun-12	1.8
Sep-12	1.8
Dec-12	1.8
Mar-13	1.8
Jun-13	1.7
Sep-13	1.7
Dec-13	1.6
Mar-14	1.6
Jun-14	1.5
Sep-14	1.5
Dec-14	1.5
Mar-15	1.5
Jun-15	1.5
Sep-15	1.5
Dec-15	1.5
Mar-16	1.5
Jun-16	1.6
Sep-16	1.7
Dec-16	1.7
Mar-17	1.7
Jun-17	1.7
Sep-17	1.7
Dec-17	1.6
Mar-18	1.6
Jun-18	1.6
Sep-18	1.6
Dec-18	1.6
Mar-19	1.6
Jun-19	1.5
Sep-19	1.5
Dec-19	1.5
Mar-20	1.5
Jun-20	1.3
Sep-20	0.8
Dec-20	0.5
Mar-21	0.1

Annual population growth rate(a)(b)

["","Annual population change"]

[["Mar-01","Jun-01","Sep-01","Dec-01","Mar-02","Jun-02","Sep-02","Dec-02","Mar-03","Jun-03","Sep-03","Dec-03","Mar-04","Jun-04","Sep-04","Dec-04","Mar-05","Jun-05","Sep-05","Dec-05","Mar-06","Jun-06","Sep-06","Dec-06","Mar-07","Jun-07","Sep-07","Dec-07","Mar-08","Jun-08","Sep-08","Dec-08","Mar-09","Jun-09","Sep-09","Dec-09","Mar-10","Jun-10","Sep-10","Dec-10","Mar-11","Jun-11","Sep-11","Dec-11","Mar-12","Jun-12","Sep-12","Dec-12","Mar-13","Jun-13","Sep-13","Dec-13","Mar-14","Jun-14","Sep-14","Dec-14","Mar-15","Jun-15","Sep-15","Dec-15","Mar-16","Jun-16","Sep-16","Dec-16","Mar-17","Jun-17","Sep-17","Dec-17","Mar-18","Jun-18","Sep-18","Dec-18","Mar-19","Jun-19","Sep-19","Dec-19","Mar-20","Jun-20","Sep-20","Dec-20","Mar-21"],[[1.26],[1.29],[1.27],[1.28],[1.1899999999999999],[1.1399999999999999],[1.1399999999999999],[1.1299999999999999],[1.1499999999999999],[1.1599999999999999],[1.1499999999999999],[1.1299999999999999],[1.1100000000000001],[1.0700000000000001],[1.0900000000000001],[1.1000000000000001],[1.1699999999999999],[1.22],[1.28],[1.3200000000000001],[1.3500000000000001],[1.3600000000000001],[1.47],[1.5600000000000001],[1.6899999999999999],[1.8400000000000001],[1.8600000000000001],[1.8799999999999999],[1.96],[2.02],[2.1099999999999999],[2.1899999999999999],[2.1400000000000001],[2.0800000000000001],[1.98],[1.8200000000000001],[1.6799999999999999],[1.5700000000000001],[1.45],[1.3999999999999999],[1.3899999999999999],[1.3999999999999999],[1.49],[1.5800000000000001],[1.6699999999999999],[1.76],[1.79],[1.8],[1.78],[1.74],[1.6899999999999999],[1.6100000000000001],[1.5800000000000001],[1.5],[1.48],[1.47],[1.45],[1.45],[1.45],[1.46],[1.51],[1.5700000000000001],[1.6499999999999999],[1.6899999999999999],[1.72],[1.7],[1.6499999999999999],[1.5700000000000001],[1.55],[1.55],[1.5700000000000001],[1.6100000000000001],[1.5800000000000001],[1.53],[1.52],[1.54],[1.49],[1.29],[0.81999999999999995],[0.48999999999999999],[0.14000000000000001]]]

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Annual growth calculated at the end of each quarter.
All data after 30 June 2016 is subject to revision.

Australia's population growth is comprised of natural increase (births minus deaths) and net overseas migration (migration arrivals minus migration departures).

Components of quarterly population change

In the March 2021 quarter, natural increase:

was 35,700 people
increased by 3,800 people since the previous quarter

In the March 2021 quarter, net overseas migration:

was -14,700 people
increased by 14,700 people since the previous quarter

Components of quarterly population change
	Total growth	Natural increase	Net overseas migration
Mar-17	128,671	39,902	88,769
Jun-17	83,505	36,173	47,332
Sep-17	100,022	30,290	69,732
Dec-17	71,468	35,640	35,828
Mar-18	125,281	40,176	85,105
Jun-18	84,057	36,498	47,559
Sep-18	107,012	33,184	73,828
Dec-18	81,591	35,863	45,728
Mar-19	121,676	38,122	83,554
Jun-19	72,778	34,550	38,228
Sep-19	106,521	31,996	74,525
Dec-19	85,648	34,335	51,313
Mar-20	110,742	35,563	75,179
Jun-20	24,686	32,925	-8,239
Sep-20	-12,397	30,565	-42,962
Dec-20	2,427	31,865	-29,438
Mar-21	20,968	35,663	-14,695

Components of quarterly population change

["","Total growth","Natural increase","Net overseas migration"]

[["Mar-17","Jun-17","Sep-17","Dec-17","Mar-18","Jun-18","Sep-18","Dec-18","Mar-19","Jun-19","Sep-19","Dec-19","Mar-20","Jun-20","Sep-20","Dec-20","Mar-21"],[[128671],[83505],[100022],[71468],[125281],[84057],[107012],[81591],[121676],[72778],[106521],[85648],[110742],[24686],[-12397],[2427],[20968]],[[39902],[36173],[30290],[35640],[40176],[36498],[33184],[35863],[38122],[34550],[31996],[34335],[35563],[32925],[30565],[31865],[35663]],[[88769],[47332],[69732],[35828],[85105],[47559],[73828],[45728],[83554],[38228],[74525],[51313],[75179],[-8239],[-42962],[-29438],[-14695]]]

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Components of annual population change

In the year ending 31 March 2021, natural increase:

was 131,000 people
decreased by 5,400 people (4.0%) since the previous year

In the year ending 31 March 2021, net overseas migration:

was -95,300 people
decreased by 334,600 people (139.8%) since the previous year

Components of annual population change(a)
	Total growth	Natural increase	Net overseas migration
Mar-01	238,470	120,435	128,796
Jun-01	245,899	120,306	135,673
Sep-01	243,067	121,430	131,490
Dec-01	245,425	118,978	136,076
Mar-02	228,169	119,918	117,651
Jun-02	220,509	119,120	110,556
Sep-02	219,764	115,874	112,733
Dec-02	218,980	117,024	110,475
Mar-03	223,278	115,779	115,694
Jun-03	225,527	116,899	116,498
Sep-03	224,558	118,327	113,833
Dec-03	221,714	118,944	110,104
Mar-04	217,477	120,541	104,002
Jun-04	211,985	118,817	99,966
Sep-04	216,248	119,865	103,135
Dec-04	218,848	119,133	106,425
Mar-05	232,448	121,098	118,020
Jun-05	244,122	126,994	123,763
Sep-05	255,050	130,362	130,819
Dec-05	265,540	134,156	137,009
Mar-06	271,579	133,543	143,153
Jun-06	274,122	131,973	146,753
Sep-06	297,555	136,595	166,253
Dec-06	316,004	139,793	182,196
Mar-07	344,685	146,327	205,033
Jun-07	376,656	151,225	232,796
Sep-07	381,878	151,295	238,660
Dec-07	388,574	153,327	244,030
Mar-08	406,111	154,155	261,444
Jun-08	421,577	154,432	277,338
Sep-08	441,889	154,320	298,648
Dec-08	459,504	155,794	315,687
Mar-09	452,748	154,693	310,921
Jun-09	442,454	156,343	299,866
Sep-09	422,039	158,728	278,259
Dec-09	389,998	159,237	246,900
Mar-10	362,421	161,691	218,063
Jun-10	340,097	162,566	196,058
Sep-10	316,314	161,846	175,318
Dec-10	306,846	157,978	172,038
Mar-11	304,661	157,003	173,149
Jun-11	308,274	155,714	180,372
Sep-11	328,369	154,518	194,040
Dec-11	349,728	156,050	206,240
Mar-12	372,185	157,854	219,276
Jun-12	393,441	158,822	231,947
Sep-12	401,151	158,708	239,848
Dec-12	405,826	163,064	240,248
Mar-13	402,061	162,153	237,462
Jun-13	394,664	161,958	230,329
Sep-13	386,309	162,611	221,214
Dec-13	369,754	158,791	208,379
Mar-14	363,189	158,305	202,191
Jun-14	347,557	156,976	187,778
Sep-14	342,670	155,718	183,735
Dec-14	342,554	156,565	182,345
Mar-15	339,436	154,285	181,080
Jun-15	340,309	151,779	184,033
Sep-15	341,370	150,622	184,227
Dec-15	344,250	148,985	186,730
Mar-16	357,796	151,267	195,976
Jun-16	374,912	154,351	206,233
Sep-16	395,582	154,883	229,509
Dec-16	405,103	153,212	243,829
Mar-17	414,930	150,436	259,585
Jun-17	410,953	147,602	263,351
Sep-17	402,029	142,603	259,426
Dec-17	383,666	142,005	241,661
Mar-18	380,276	142,279	237,997
Jun-18	380,828	142,604	238,224
Sep-18	387,818	145,498	242,320
Dec-18	397,941	145,721	252,220
Mar-19	394,336	143,667	250,669
Jun-19	383,057	141,719	241,338
Sep-19	382,566	140,531	242,035
Dec-19	386,623	139,003	247,620
Mar-20	375,689	136,444	239,245
Jun-20	327,597	134,819	192,778
Sep-20	208,679	133,388	75,291
Dec-20	125,458	130,918	-5,460
Mar-21	35,684	131,018	-95,334

Components of annual population change(a)

["","Total growth","Natural increase","Net overseas migration"]

[["Mar-01","Jun-01","Sep-01","Dec-01","Mar-02","Jun-02","Sep-02","Dec-02","Mar-03","Jun-03","Sep-03","Dec-03","Mar-04","Jun-04","Sep-04","Dec-04","Mar-05","Jun-05","Sep-05","Dec-05","Mar-06","Jun-06","Sep-06","Dec-06","Mar-07","Jun-07","Sep-07","Dec-07","Mar-08","Jun-08","Sep-08","Dec-08","Mar-09","Jun-09","Sep-09","Dec-09","Mar-10","Jun-10","Sep-10","Dec-10","Mar-11","Jun-11","Sep-11","Dec-11","Mar-12","Jun-12","Sep-12","Dec-12","Mar-13","Jun-13","Sep-13","Dec-13","Mar-14","Jun-14","Sep-14","Dec-14","Mar-15","Jun-15","Sep-15","Dec-15","Mar-16","Jun-16","Sep-16","Dec-16","Mar-17","Jun-17","Sep-17","Dec-17","Mar-18","Jun-18","Sep-18","Dec-18","Mar-19","Jun-19","Sep-19","Dec-19","Mar-20","Jun-20","Sep-20","Dec-20","Mar-21"],[[238470],[245899],[243067],[245425],[228169],[220509],[219764],[218980],[223278],[225527],[224558],[221714],[217477],[211985],[216248],[218848],[232448],[244122],[255050],[265540],[271579],[274122],[297555],[316004],[344685],[376656],[381878],[388574],[406111],[421577],[441889],[459504],[452748],[442454],[422039],[389998],[362421],[340097],[316314],[306846],[304661],[308274],[328369],[349728],[372185],[393441],[401151],[405826],[402061],[394664],[386309],[369754],[363189],[347557],[342670],[342554],[339436],[340309],[341370],[344250],[357796],[374912],[395582],[405103],[414930],[410953],[402029],[383666],[380276],[380828],[387818],[397941],[394336],[383057],[382566],[386623],[375689],[327597],[208679],[125458],[35684]],[[120435],[120306],[121430],[118978],[119918],[119120],[115874],[117024],[115779],[116899],[118327],[118944],[120541],[118817],[119865],[119133],[121098],[126994],[130362],[134156],[133543],[131973],[136595],[139793],[146327],[151225],[151295],[153327],[154155],[154432],[154320],[155794],[154693],[156343],[158728],[159237],[161691],[162566],[161846],[157978],[157003],[155714],[154518],[156050],[157854],[158822],[158708],[163064],[162153],[161958],[162611],[158791],[158305],[156976],[155718],[156565],[154285],[151779],[150622],[148985],[151267],[154351],[154883],[153212],[150436],[147602],[142603],[142005],[142279],[142604],[145498],[145721],[143667],[141719],[140531],[139003],[136444],[134819],[133388],[130918],[131018]],[[128796],[135673],[131490],[136076],[117651],[110556],[112733],[110475],[115694],[116498],[113833],[110104],[104002],[99966],[103135],[106425],[118020],[123763],[130819],[137009],[143153],[146753],[166253],[182196],[205033],[232796],[238660],[244030],[261444],[277338],[298648],[315687],[310921],[299866],[278259],[246900],[218063],[196058],[175318],[172038],[173149],[180372],[194040],[206240],[219276],[231947],[239848],[240248],[237462],[230329],[221214],[208379],[202191],[187778],[183735],[182345],[181080],[184033],[184227],[186730],[195976],[206233],[229509],[243829],[259585],[263351],[259426],[241661],[237997],[238224],[242320],[252220],[250669],[241338],[242035],[247620],[239245],[192778],[75291],[-5460],[-95334]]]

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Annual components calculated at the end of each quarter.

Births and deaths

Overseas migration arrivals and departures

States and territories

Annual population change

Most states and territories had positive population growth over the year ending 31 March 2021.
Queensland had the highest growth rate (0.9%).
Victoria had the only negative growth rate (-0.6%).

	Population at 31 Mar 2021 ('000)	Change over previous year ('000)	Change over previous year (%)
New South Wales	8176.4	11.7	0.1
Victoria	6648.6	-42.9	-0.6
Queensland	5206.4	43.9	0.9
South Australia	1771.7	2.7	0.2
Western Australia	2675.8	15.2	0.6
Tasmania	542.0	2.1	0.4
Northern Territory	247.0	1.2	0.5
Australian Capital Territory	431.8	1.7	0.4
Australia (a)	25704.3	35.7	0.1

a. Includes Other Territories comprising Jervis Bay Territory, Christmas Island, the Cocos (Keeling) Islands and Norfolk Island.

State and territory population change is comprised of natural increase, net overseas migration, and net interstate migration (interstate arrivals minus interstate departures).

Components of annual population change

For the year ending 31 March 2021:

natural increase was the major contributor to population change in New South Wales, South Australia, Western Australia, Tasmania, the Northern Territory and the Australian Capital Territory
net interstate migration was the major contributor to population change in Queensland.
net overseas migration was the major contributor to change in Victoria.

Components of annual population growth
	Natural increase	Net interstate migration	Net overseas migration
NSW	43,011	-17,796	-13,486
Vic.	28,821	-18,191	-53,484
Qld	29,147	30,785	-15,999
SA	5,109	963	-3,398
WA	17,673	3,248	-5,676
Tas.	1,286	1,143	-338
NT	2,642	-1,097	-375
ACT	3,325	945	-2,603

Components of annual population growth

["","Natural increase","Net interstate migration","Net overseas migration"]

[["NSW","Vic.","Qld","SA","WA","Tas.","NT","ACT"],[[43011],[28821],[29147],[5109],[17673],[1286],[2642],[3325]],[[-17796],[-18191],[30785],[963],[3248],[1143],[-1097],[945]],[[-13486],[-53484],[-15999],[-3398],[-5676],[-338],[-375],[-2603]]]

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Natural increase by state and territory

	NSW	Vic.	Qld	SA	WA	Tas.	NT	ACT
Births	96,247	69,931	60,655	18,831	32,925	5,757	3,767	5,401
Deaths	53,236	41,110	31,508	13,722	15,252	4,471	1,125	2,076
Natural increase	43,011	28,821	29,147	5,109	17,673	1,286	2,642	3,325

Net overseas migration by state and territory

	NSW	Vic.	Qld	SA	WA	Tas.	NT	ACT
Overseas arrivals	58,229	19,904	17,073	4,470	10,143	1,319	1,365	2,415
Overseas departures	71,715	73,388	33,072	7,868	15,819	1,657	1,740	5,018
Net overseas migration	-13,486	-53,484	-15,999	-3,398	-5,676	-338	-375	-2,603

Net interstate migration by state and territory

	NSW	Vic.	Qld	SA	WA	Tas.	NT	ACT
Interstate arrivals	92,356	66,670	105,364	25,557	31,329	13,444	14,351	21,478
Interstate departures	110,152	84,861	74,579	24,594	28,081	12,301	15,448	20,533
Net interstate migration	-17,796	-18,191	30,785	963	3,248	1,143	-1,097	945

Notes

COVID-19

Statistics in this release are impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting Australian Government closure of the international border from 20 March 2020.

To ensure the ongoing production of fit-for-purpose official population estimates through the COVID-19 pandemic, the ABS has been assessing the likely impact of changed traveller behaviour on preliminary overseas migration estimates, a component of ERP. The ABS has introduced more frequent revisions to overseas migration to ensure the suite of demographic statistics continue to be of high quality and reflect the most timely data available. Preliminary overseas migration estimates will be revised every quarter over four quarters, instead of once after four quarters, until it becomes final. These more frequent revisions will ensure the most timely and accurate data flows through to ERP.

For further information see the Information Paper: Improvements to estimation of net overseas migration (cat. no. 3412.0.55.004).

Forthcoming issues

Reference period	Release date
June 2021	16 December 2021
September 2021	17 March 2022
December 2021	June 2022
March 2022	22 September 2022

Data downloads - time series spreadsheets

Population and components of change - national

Quarterly population and components of change, national, from June 1981 onwards

Data files

Download xls [105 KB]

Components of population change - states and territories

Quarterly components of change, by state and territory, from June 1981 onwards

Data files

Download xls [117.5 KB]

Population - states and territories

Quarterly population by sex, by state and territory, from June 1981 onwards

Data files

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Interstate migration arrivals

Quarterly interstate migration arrivals, from June 1981 onwards

Data files

Download xls [76 KB]

Interstate migration departures

Quarterly interstate migration departures, from June 1981 onwards

Data files

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Population - New South Wales

Population at 30 June, by sex and single year of age, NSW, from 1971 onwards

Data files

Download xls [346.5 KB]

Population - Victoria

Population at 30 June, by sex and single year of age, Vic., from 1971 onwards

Data files

Download xls [346.5 KB]

Population - Queensland

Population at 30 June, by sex and single year of age, Qld, from 1971 onwards

Data files

Download xls [346.5 KB]

Population - South Australia

Population at 30 June, by sex and single year of age, SA, from 1971 onwards

Data files

Download xls [346.5 KB]

Population - Western Australia

Population at 30 June, by sex and single year of age, WA, from 1971 onwards

Data files

Download xls [346.5 KB]

Population - Tasmania

Population at 30 June, by sex and single year of age, Tas., from 1971 onwards

Data files

Download xls [346.5 KB]

Population - Northern Territory

Population at 30 June, by sex and single year of age, NT, from 1971 onwards

Data files

Download xls [346.5 KB]

Population - Australian Capital Territory

Population at 30 June, by sex and single year of age, ACT, from 1971 onwards

Data files

Download xls [346.5 KB]

Population - Australia

Population at 30 June, by sex and single year of age, Aust., from 1971 onwards

Data files

Download xls [346.5 KB]

All time series spreadsheets

Data files

Download zip [1.18 MB]

Data downloads - data cubes