National, state and territory population, December 2023

National

Annual population change

In the year ending 31 December 2023, Australia's population grew by 651,200 people (2.5%).

Annual population growth rate(a)(b)
	Annual population change (%)
Dec-03	1.13
Mar-04	1.11
Jun-04	1.07
Sep-04	1.09
Dec-04	1.10
Mar-05	1.17
Jun-05	1.22
Sep-05	1.28
Dec-05	1.32
Mar-06	1.35
Jun-06	1.36
Sep-06	1.47
Dec-06	1.56
Mar-07	1.69
Jun-07	1.84
Sep-07	1.86
Dec-07	1.88
Mar-08	1.96
Jun-08	2.02
Sep-08	2.11
Dec-08	2.19
Mar-09	2.14
Jun-09	2.08
Sep-09	1.98
Dec-09	1.82
Mar-10	1.68
Jun-10	1.57
Sep-10	1.45
Dec-10	1.40
Mar-11	1.39
Jun-11	1.40
Sep-11	1.49
Dec-11	1.58
Mar-12	1.67
Jun-12	1.76
Sep-12	1.79
Dec-12	1.80
Mar-13	1.78
Jun-13	1.74
Sep-13	1.69
Dec-13	1.61
Mar-14	1.58
Jun-14	1.50
Sep-14	1.48
Dec-14	1.47
Mar-15	1.45
Jun-15	1.45
Sep-15	1.45
Dec-15	1.46
Mar-16	1.51
Jun-16	1.57
Sep-16	1.65
Dec-16	1.67
Mar-17	1.69
Jun-17	1.66
Sep-17	1.62
Dec-17	1.53
Mar-18	1.51
Jun-18	1.51
Sep-18	1.53
Dec-18	1.56
Mar-19	1.54
Jun-19	1.49
Sep-19	1.48
Dec-19	1.49
Mar-20	1.44
Jun-20	1.24
Sep-20	0.77
Dec-20	0.43
Mar-21	0.10
Jun-21	0.14
Sep-21	0.28
Dec-21	0.55
Mar-22	1.00
Jun-22	1.28
Sep-22	1.78
Dec-22	2.11
Mar-23	2.32
Jun-23	2.48
Sep-23	2.58
Dec-23	2.47

Annual population growth rate(a)(b)

["","Annual population change"]

[["Dec-03","Mar-04","Jun-04","Sep-04","Dec-04","Mar-05","Jun-05","Sep-05","Dec-05","Mar-06","Jun-06","Sep-06","Dec-06","Mar-07","Jun-07","Sep-07","Dec-07","Mar-08","Jun-08","Sep-08","Dec-08","Mar-09","Jun-09","Sep-09","Dec-09","Mar-10","Jun-10","Sep-10","Dec-10","Mar-11","Jun-11","Sep-11","Dec-11","Mar-12","Jun-12","Sep-12","Dec-12","Mar-13","Jun-13","Sep-13","Dec-13","Mar-14","Jun-14","Sep-14","Dec-14","Mar-15","Jun-15","Sep-15","Dec-15","Mar-16","Jun-16","Sep-16","Dec-16","Mar-17","Jun-17","Sep-17","Dec-17","Mar-18","Jun-18","Sep-18","Dec-18","Mar-19","Jun-19","Sep-19","Dec-19","Mar-20","Jun-20","Sep-20","Dec-20","Mar-21","Jun-21","Sep-21","Dec-21","Mar-22","Jun-22","Sep-22","Dec-22","Mar-23","Jun-23","Sep-23","Dec-23"],[[1.1299999999999999],[1.1100000000000001],[1.0700000000000001],[1.0900000000000001],[1.1000000000000001],[1.1699999999999999],[1.22],[1.28],[1.3200000000000001],[1.3500000000000001],[1.3600000000000001],[1.47],[1.5600000000000001],[1.6899999999999999],[1.8400000000000001],[1.8600000000000001],[1.8799999999999999],[1.96],[2.02],[2.1099999999999999],[2.1899999999999999],[2.1400000000000001],[2.0800000000000001],[1.98],[1.8200000000000001],[1.6799999999999999],[1.5700000000000001],[1.45],[1.3999999999999999],[1.3899999999999999],[1.3999999999999999],[1.49],[1.5800000000000001],[1.6699999999999999],[1.76],[1.79],[1.8],[1.78],[1.74],[1.6899999999999999],[1.6100000000000001],[1.5800000000000001],[1.5],[1.48],[1.47],[1.45],[1.45],[1.45],[1.46],[1.51],[1.5700000000000001],[1.6499999999999999],[1.6699999999999999],[1.6899999999999999],[1.6599999999999999],[1.6200000000000001],[1.53],[1.51],[1.51],[1.53],[1.5600000000000001],[1.54],[1.49],[1.48],[1.49],[1.4399999999999999],[1.24],[0.77000000000000002],[0.42999999999999999],[0.10000000000000001],[0.14000000000000001],[0.28000000000000003],[0.55000000000000004],[1],[1.28],[1.78],[2.1099999999999999],[2.3199999999999998],[2.48],[2.5800000000000001],[2.4700000000000002]]]

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Annual growth calculated at the end of each quarter.
All data after 30 June 2021 are subject to revision.

Australia's population growth is comprised of natural increase (births minus deaths) and net overseas migration (migration arrivals minus migration departures).

Components of quarterly population change

In the December 2023 quarter, natural increase:

was 22,100 people
decreased by 5,300 (19.5%) people since the previous quarter

In the December 2023 quarter, net overseas migration:

was 107,300 people
decreased by 43,800 people since the previous quarter

Components of quarterly population change
	Total growth	Natural increase	Net overseas migration
Dec-19	82,395	34,335	51,313
Mar-20	107,456	35,563	75,179
Jun-20	21,324	32,925	-8,314
Sep-20	-15,907	31,234	-42,551
Dec-20	-2,643	31,204	-29,271
Mar-21	22,307	41,105	-14,190
Jun-21	32,407	35,936	1,082
Sep-21	18,598	32,361	-13,763
Dec-21	67,347	33,610	33,737
Mar-22	138,493	31,658	106,835
Jun-22	104,549	27,768	76,781
Sep-22	147,363	22,468	124,895
Dec-22	153,813	29,174	124,639
Mar-23	194,348	29,434	164,914
Jun-23	149,025	24,982	124,043
Sep-23	178,484	27,435	151,049
Dec-23	129,357	22,096	107,261

Components of quarterly population change

["","Total growth","Natural increase","Net overseas migration"]

[["Dec-19","Mar-20","Jun-20","Sep-20","Dec-20","Mar-21","Jun-21","Sep-21","Dec-21","Mar-22","Jun-22","Sep-22","Dec-22","Mar-23","Jun-23","Sep-23","Dec-23"],[[82395],[107456],[21324],[-15907],[-2643],[22307],[32407],[18598],[67347],[138493],[104549],[147363],[153813],[194348],[149025],[178484],[129357]],[[34335],[35563],[32925],[31234],[31204],[41105],[35936],[32361],[33610],[31658],[27768],[22468],[29174],[29434],[24982],[27435],[22096]],[[51313],[75179],[-8314],[-42551],[-29271],[-14190],[1082],[-13763],[33737],[106835],[76781],[124895],[124639],[164914],[124043],[151049],[107261]]]

[]

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Components of annual population change

In the year ending 31 December 2023, natural increase:

was 103,900 people
decreased by 7,100 people (6.4%) since the previous year

In the year ending 31 December 2023, net overseas migration:

was 547,300 people
increased by 114,100 (26.3%) people since the previous year

Components of annual population change(a)
	Total growth	Natural increase	Net overseas migration
Dec-03	221,714	118,944	110,104
Mar-04	217,477	120,541	104,002
Jun-04	211,985	118,817	99,966
Sep-04	216,248	119,865	103,135
Dec-04	218,848	119,133	106,425
Mar-05	232,448	121,098	118,020
Jun-05	244,122	126,994	123,763
Sep-05	255,050	130,362	130,819
Dec-05	265,540	134,156	137,009
Mar-06	271,579	133,543	143,153
Jun-06	274,122	131,973	146,753
Sep-06	297,555	136,595	166,253
Dec-06	316,004	139,793	182,196
Mar-07	344,685	146,327	205,033
Jun-07	376,656	151,225	232,796
Sep-07	381,878	151,295	238,660
Dec-07	388,574	153,327	244,030
Mar-08	406,111	154,155	261,444
Jun-08	421,577	154,432	277,338
Sep-08	441,889	154,320	298,648
Dec-08	459,504	155,794	315,687
Mar-09	452,748	154,693	310,921
Jun-09	442,454	156,343	299,866
Sep-09	422,039	158,728	278,259
Dec-09	389,998	159,237	246,900
Mar-10	362,421	161,691	218,063
Jun-10	340,097	162,566	196,058
Sep-10	316,314	161,846	175,318
Dec-10	306,846	157,978	172,038
Mar-11	304,661	157,003	173,149
Jun-11	308,274	155,714	180,372
Sep-11	328,369	154,518	194,040
Dec-11	349,728	156,050	206,240
Mar-12	372,185	157,854	219,276
Jun-12	393,441	158,822	231,947
Sep-12	401,151	158,708	239,848
Dec-12	405,826	163,064	240,248
Mar-13	402,061	162,153	237,462
Jun-13	394,664	161,958	230,329
Sep-13	386,309	162,611	221,214
Dec-13	369,754	158,791	208,379
Mar-14	363,189	158,305	202,191
Jun-14	347,557	156,976	187,778
Sep-14	342,670	155,718	183,735
Dec-14	342,554	156,565	182,345
Mar-15	339,436	154,285	181,080
Jun-15	340,309	151,779	184,033
Sep-15	341,370	150,622	184,227
Dec-15	344,250	148,985	186,730
Mar-16	357,796	151,267	195,976
Jun-16	374,912	154,351	206,233
Sep-16	393,259	154,883	229,509
Dec-16	400,483	153,212	243,829
Mar-17	407,984	150,436	259,585
Jun-17	401,681	147,602	263,351
Sep-17	392,541	142,603	259,426
Dec-17	373,954	142,005	241,661
Mar-18	370,342	142,279	237,997
Jun-18	370,670	142,604	238,224
Sep-18	377,328	145,498	242,320
Dec-18	387,122	145,721	252,220
Mar-19	383,181	143,667	250,669
Jun-19	371,568	141,719	241,338
Sep-19	370,674	140,531	242,035
Dec-19	374,328	139,003	247,620
Mar-20	362,992	136,444	239,245
Jun-20	314,422	134,819	192,703
Sep-20	195,268	134,057	75,627
Dec-20	110,230	130,926	-4,957
Mar-21	25,081	136,468	-94,326
Jun-21	36,164	139,479	-84,930
Sep-21	70,669	140,606	-56,142
Dec-21	140,659	143,012	6,866
Mar-22	256,845	133,565	127,891
Jun-22	328,987	125,397	203,590
Sep-22	457,752	115,504	342,248
Dec-22	544,218	111,068	433,150
Mar-23	600,073	108,844	491,229
Jun-23	644,549	106,058	538,491
Sep-23	675,670	111,025	564,645
Dec-23	651,214	103,947	547,267

Components of annual population change(a)

["","Total growth","Natural increase","Net overseas migration"]

[["Dec-03","Mar-04","Jun-04","Sep-04","Dec-04","Mar-05","Jun-05","Sep-05","Dec-05","Mar-06","Jun-06","Sep-06","Dec-06","Mar-07","Jun-07","Sep-07","Dec-07","Mar-08","Jun-08","Sep-08","Dec-08","Mar-09","Jun-09","Sep-09","Dec-09","Mar-10","Jun-10","Sep-10","Dec-10","Mar-11","Jun-11","Sep-11","Dec-11","Mar-12","Jun-12","Sep-12","Dec-12","Mar-13","Jun-13","Sep-13","Dec-13","Mar-14","Jun-14","Sep-14","Dec-14","Mar-15","Jun-15","Sep-15","Dec-15","Mar-16","Jun-16","Sep-16","Dec-16","Mar-17","Jun-17","Sep-17","Dec-17","Mar-18","Jun-18","Sep-18","Dec-18","Mar-19","Jun-19","Sep-19","Dec-19","Mar-20","Jun-20","Sep-20","Dec-20","Mar-21","Jun-21","Sep-21","Dec-21","Mar-22","Jun-22","Sep-22","Dec-22","Mar-23","Jun-23","Sep-23","Dec-23"],[[221714],[217477],[211985],[216248],[218848],[232448],[244122],[255050],[265540],[271579],[274122],[297555],[316004],[344685],[376656],[381878],[388574],[406111],[421577],[441889],[459504],[452748],[442454],[422039],[389998],[362421],[340097],[316314],[306846],[304661],[308274],[328369],[349728],[372185],[393441],[401151],[405826],[402061],[394664],[386309],[369754],[363189],[347557],[342670],[342554],[339436],[340309],[341370],[344250],[357796],[374912],[393259],[400483],[407984],[401681],[392541],[373954],[370342],[370670],[377328],[387122],[383181],[371568],[370674],[374328],[362992],[314422],[195268],[110230],[25081],[36164],[70669],[140659],[256845],[328987],[457752],[544218],[600073],[644549],[675670],[651214]],[[118944],[120541],[118817],[119865],[119133],[121098],[126994],[130362],[134156],[133543],[131973],[136595],[139793],[146327],[151225],[151295],[153327],[154155],[154432],[154320],[155794],[154693],[156343],[158728],[159237],[161691],[162566],[161846],[157978],[157003],[155714],[154518],[156050],[157854],[158822],[158708],[163064],[162153],[161958],[162611],[158791],[158305],[156976],[155718],[156565],[154285],[151779],[150622],[148985],[151267],[154351],[154883],[153212],[150436],[147602],[142603],[142005],[142279],[142604],[145498],[145721],[143667],[141719],[140531],[139003],[136444],[134819],[134057],[130926],[136468],[139479],[140606],[143012],[133565],[125397],[115504],[111068],[108844],[106058],[111025],[103947]],[[110104],[104002],[99966],[103135],[106425],[118020],[123763],[130819],[137009],[143153],[146753],[166253],[182196],[205033],[232796],[238660],[244030],[261444],[277338],[298648],[315687],[310921],[299866],[278259],[246900],[218063],[196058],[175318],[172038],[173149],[180372],[194040],[206240],[219276],[231947],[239848],[240248],[237462],[230329],[221214],[208379],[202191],[187778],[183735],[182345],[181080],[184033],[184227],[186730],[195976],[206233],[229509],[243829],[259585],[263351],[259426],[241661],[237997],[238224],[242320],[252220],[250669],[241338],[242035],[247620],[239245],[192703],[75627],[-4957],[-94326],[-84930],[-56142],[6866],[127891],[203590],[342248],[433150],[491229],[538491],[564645],[547267]]]

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Annual components calculated at the end of each quarter.

Births and deaths

Overseas migration arrivals and departures

States and territories

Annual population change

All states and territories had positive population growth over the year ending 31 December 2023.
Western Australia had the fastest growth rate (3.3%).
Tasmania had the slowest rate (0.4%).

Annual population change at 31 December 2023
	Population at 31 December 2023 ('000)	Change over previous year ('000)	Change over previous year (%)
New South Wales	8434.8	185.5	2.2
Victoria	6906.0	186.5	2.8
Queensland	5528.3	141.4	2.6
South Australia	1866.3	30.2	1.6
Western Australia	2927.9	93.8	3.3
Tasmania	574.7	2.4	0.4
Northern Territory	253.6	2.4	0.9
Australian Capital Territory	470.2	9.1	2.0
Australia (a)	26966.8	651.2	2.5

a. Includes Other Territories comprising Jervis Bay Territory, Christmas Island, the Cocos (Keeling) Islands and Norfolk Island.

State and territory population change is comprised of natural increase, net overseas migration, and net interstate migration (interstate arrivals minus interstate departures).

Components of annual population change

For the year ending 31 December 2023:

net overseas migration was the major contributor to change in all states and territories.

Components of annual population growth
	Natural increase	Net interstate migration	Net overseas migration
NSW	32,518	-31,678	184,619
Vic.	26,591	-275	160,175
Qld	21,845	31,595	87,938
SA	3,010	-1,289	28,501
WA	14,559	10,709	68,503
Tas.	523	-3,271	5,101
NT	2,071	-3,957	4,272
ACT	2,821	-1,834	8,119

Components of annual population growth

["","Natural increase","Net interstate migration","Net overseas migration"]

[["NSW","Vic.","Qld","SA","WA","Tas.","NT","ACT"],[[32518],[26591],[21845],[3010],[14559],[523],[2071],[2821]],[[-31678],[-275],[31595],[-1289],[10709],[-3271],[-3957],[-1834]],[[184619],[160175],[87938],[28501],[68503],[5101],[4272],[8119]]]

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Natural increase by state and territory - annual

	NSW	Vic.	Qld	SA	WA	Tas.	NT	ACT
Births	91,965	71,913	58,468	18,503	32,031	5,596	3,324	5,227
Deaths	59,447	45,322	36,623	15,493	17,472	5,073	1,253	2,406
Natural increase	32,518	26,591	21,845	3,010	14,559	523	2,071	2,821

Net overseas migration by state and territory - annual

	NSW	Vic.	Qld	SA	WA	Tas.	NT	ACT
Overseas arrivals	256,739	215,337	125,746	37,766	89,177	7,417	6,105	13,098
Overseas departures	72,120	55,162	37,808	9,265	20,674	2,316	1,833	4,979
Net overseas migration	184,619	160,175	87,938	28,501	68,503	5,101	4,272	8,119

Net interstate migration by state and territory - annual

	NSW	Vic.	Qld	SA	WA	Tas.	NT	ACT
Interstate arrivals	82,034	74,768	107,496	24,203	36,428	12,534	13,736	19,603
Interstate departures	113,712	75,043	75,901	25,492	25,719	15,805	17,693	21,437
Net interstate migration	-31,678	-275	31,595	-1,289	10,709	-3,271	-3,957	-1,834

Quarterly internal migration, capital city - rest of state

Notes

COVID-19

Statistics in this release are impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. With border restrictions in place NOM fell to low levels including negative net migration. The removal of most border restrictions from February 2022 enabled overseas travel again and saw a recovery in NOM levels from 2022 onwards.

To ensure the ongoing production of fit-for-purpose official population estimates through the COVID-19 pandemic, the ABS has been assessing the likely impact of changed traveller behaviour on preliminary overseas migration estimates, a component of ERP. The ABS has introduced more frequent revisions to overseas migration to ensure the suite of demographic statistics continue to be of high quality and reflect the most timely data available. Preliminary overseas migration estimates will be revised every quarter over four quarters, instead of once after four quarters, until it becomes final. These more frequent revisions will ensure the most timely and accurate data flows through to ERP.

For further information see the Improvements to estimation of net overseas migration.

Data downloads - time series spreadsheets

I-note

Population and components of change - national

Quarterly population and components of change, national, from June 1981 onwards

Data files

Download xlsx [68.6 KB]

Components of population change - states and territories

Quarterly components of change, by state and territory, from June 1981 onwards

Data files

Download xlsx [89.9 KB]

Population - states and territories

Quarterly population by sex, by state and territory, from June 1981 onwards

Data files

Download xlsx [87.05 KB]

Interstate migration arrivals

Quarterly interstate migration arrivals, from June 1981 onwards

Data files

Download xlsx [59 KB]

Interstate migration departures

Quarterly interstate migration departures, from June 1981 onwards

Data files

Download xlsx [58.98 KB]

Population - New South Wales

Population at 30 June, by sex and single year of age, NSW, from 1971 onwards

Data files

Download xlsx [188.26 KB]

Population - Victoria

Population at 30 June, by sex and single year of age, Vic., from 1971 onwards

Data files

Download xlsx [187.63 KB]

Population - Queensland

Population at 30 June, by sex and single year of age, Qld, from 1971 onwards

Data files

Download xlsx [184.93 KB]

Population - South Australia

Population at 30 June, by sex and single year of age, SA, from 1971 onwards

Data files

Download xlsx [181.65 KB]

Population - Western Australia

Population at 30 June, by sex and single year of age, WA, from 1971 onwards

Data files

Download xlsx [181.95 KB]

Population - Tasmania

Population at 30 June, by sex and single year of age, Tas., from 1971 onwards

Data files

Download xlsx [175.75 KB]

Population - Northern Territory

Population at 30 June, by sex and single year of age, NT, from 1971 onwards

Data files

Download xlsx [168.25 KB]

Population - Australian Capital Territory

Population at 30 June, by sex and single year of age, ACT, from 1971 onwards

Data files

Download xlsx [172.37 KB]

Population - Australia

Population at 30 June, by sex and single year of age, Aust., from 1971 onwards

Data files

Download xlsx [192.98 KB]

All time series spreadsheets

Data files

Download zip [1.72 MB]

Data downloads - data cubes

National, state and territory population tables

Various tables of population, components of change and rates, by state and territory.

Data files

Download xlsx [316.11 KB]

Population by age and sex - national

Summary statistics of Australia's population by age and sex

Data files

Download xlsx [142.82 KB]

Standard population

Standard population used in age-standardised rates

Data files

Download xlsx [37.67 KB]

Regional internal migration estimates, provisional

Data files

Download xlsx [98.91 KB]

All data cubes

Data files

Download zip [427.09 KB]

Previous catalogue number

This release previously used catalogue number 3101.0

Data Explorer datasets

Quarterly Population Estimates (ERP), by State/Territory, Sex and Age
Population and components of change - national, states and territories
Interstate Migration by States and Territories of Arrival and Departure by Sex
Interstate migration: Arrivals, departures and net, State/territory, Age and sex - Financial years, 1996-97 onwards
Interstate migration: Arrivals, departures and net, State/territory, Age and sex - Calendar years, 1997 onwards
Population Clock Component Data

For information on Data Explorer and how it works, see the Data Explorer user guide

Caution: Data in Data Explorer is currently released after the 11:30am release on the ABS website. Please check the reference period when using Data Explorer.

Post-release changes

13th June 2024 - Net overseas migration percentage removed in 'Components of quarterly population change' section.

Rebasing of Australia's population estimates using the 2021 Census

Methodology used in final rebased population estimates, June 2021

2021 Census update of the Net Interstate Migration model

APA

National, state and territory population

APA

Key statistics

National

Annual population change

Components of quarterly population change

Components of annual population change

Births and deaths

Births

Deaths

Overseas migration arrivals and departures

Overseas migration arrivals

Overseas migration departures

States and territories

Annual population change

Components of annual population change

Natural increase by state and territory - annual

Net overseas migration by state and territory - annual

Net interstate migration by state and territory - annual

Quarterly internal migration, capital city - rest of state

Notes

COVID-19

Data downloads - time series spreadsheets

I-note

Population and components of change - national

Components of population change - states and territories

Population - states and territories

Interstate migration arrivals

Interstate migration departures

Population - New South Wales

Population - Victoria

Population - Queensland

Population - South Australia

Population - Western Australia

Population - Tasmania

Population - Northern Territory

Population - Australian Capital Territory

Population - Australia

All time series spreadsheets

Data downloads - data cubes

National, state and territory population tables

Population by age and sex - national

Standard population

Regional internal migration estimates, provisional

All data cubes

Previous catalogue number

Data Explorer datasets

Post-release changes

Rebasing of Australia's population estimates using the 2021 Census

2021 Census update of the Net Interstate Migration model

Methodology

Media releases

Australia's population grows by 2.5%

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