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Multiple job-holders

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The number and prevalence of people working more than one job, their demographic and employment characteristics and working arrangements.

Reference period

December 2023

Released

8/03/2024

View all releases

Key statistics

For December 2023:

There were 970,700 multiple job-holders (6.7% of employed people)
7.5% of employed women were multiple job-holders, compared to 6.0% of employed men
Workers aged 20-24 years old were most likely to be working multiple jobs (8.4%)
People who were a Community and personal service worker in their main job were most likely to be a multiple job-holder (10.3%).

Sources of multiple job-holder data

This multi-source release, published alongside the quarterly Labour Account, supports headline estimates in the Labour Account by providing additional detail on the characteristics of multiple job-holders.

This release brings together data from the following ABS sources on multiple job-holders:

Labour Account, December quarter 2023 – headline estimates of the level and rate of multiple job-holding, by industry
Labour Force, December 2023 – detailed socio-demographic and employment characteristics of multiple job-holders
Jobs in Australia, 2020-21 – selected characteristics of multiple job-holders, based on personal income tax data available from the Linked Employer-Employee Dataset (LEED)

Data impacts and changes

Revisions this quarter

Multiple job-holding over time

In December 2023, there were 970,700 multiple job-holders, compared to 13.4 million single job-holders. This was up 1.4% from September 2023 when there were 957,100 multiple job-holders.

Between 1994 and 2019, the multiple job-holding rate remained between 5.0% and 6.0%. However, following a large decline at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2020, it has steadily risen and remained at a high of around 6.6% to 6.7% between December 2022 to December 2023.

Multiple job-holding rate and levels
Date	Multiple job-holding rate (%)	Multiple job-holders
Sep-94	5.3	433,200
Dec-94	5.3	441,800
Mar-95	5.5	459,800
Jun-95	5.4	453,600
Sep-95	5.8	488,100
Dec-95	5.7	485,700
Mar-96	5.6	481,800
Jun-96	5.5	469,900
Sep-96	5.4	458,700
Dec-96	5.4	461,300
Mar-97	5.2	448,000
Jun-97	5.4	459,600
Sep-97	5.2	447,100
Dec-97	5.3	456,400
Mar-98	5.4	466,300
Jun-98	5.4	471,800
Sep-98	5.2	459,700
Dec-98	5.0	441,700
Mar-99	5.6	494,700
Jun-99	5.5	493,400
Sep-99	5.8	518,400
Dec-99	5.6	501,700
Mar-00	5.4	492,100
Jun-00	5.3	481,600
Sep-00	5.4	499,200
Dec-00	5.5	509,400
Mar-01	5.5	505,500
Jun-01	6.0	556,300
Sep-01	5.5	513,300
Dec-01	5.7	529,300
Mar-02	5.5	517,700
Jun-02	5.6	530,300
Sep-02	5.7	542,100
Dec-02	5.8	555,400
Mar-03	5.7	551,700
Jun-03	5.6	542,000
Sep-03	5.6	542,200
Dec-03	5.5	538,900
Mar-04	5.8	566,300
Jun-04	6.0	591,000
Sep-04	5.9	583,800
Dec-04	5.8	580,200
Mar-05	5.8	583,000
Jun-05	5.9	598,400
Sep-05	5.6	574,200
Dec-05	5.8	594,400
Mar-06	5.7	585,200
Jun-06	5.5	568,900
Sep-06	5.4	572,600
Dec-06	5.4	569,100
Mar-07	5.4	577,400
Jun-07	5.6	596,100
Sep-07	5.6	606,600
Dec-07	5.6	607,500
Mar-08	5.5	597,700
Jun-08	5.3	587,800
Sep-08	5.5	613,100
Dec-08	5.5	606,100
Mar-09	5.7	629,700
Jun-09	5.6	614,100
Sep-09	5.6	616,600
Dec-09	5.7	638,200
Mar-10	5.7	636,600
Jun-10	5.6	626,700
Sep-10	5.5	623,100
Dec-10	5.5	631,500
Mar-11	5.2	599,200
Jun-11	5.5	629,300
Sep-11	5.4	624,500
Dec-11	5.3	605,800
Mar-12	5.3	614,100
Jun-12	5.3	616,400
Sep-12	5.2	604,700
Dec-12	5.3	620,100
Mar-13	5.4	626,900
Jun-13	5.4	639,900
Sep-13	5.6	658,100
Dec-13	5.3	622,300
Mar-14	5.3	630,300
Jun-14	5.2	611,500
Sep-14	5.2	615,900
Dec-14	5.4	636,000
Mar-15	5.5	663,200
Jun-15	5.7	684,600
Sep-15	5.5	666,300
Dec-15	5.8	700,300
Mar-16	5.7	689,100
Jun-16	5.6	683,200
Sep-16	5.6	682,200
Dec-16	5.5	679,600
Mar-17	5.4	668,600
Jun-17	5.6	697,700
Sep-17	5.6	709,400
Dec-17	5.5	695,100
Mar-18	5.7	723,000
Jun-18	5.7	735,700
Sep-18	5.7	735,500
Dec-18	6.0	785,000
Mar-19	5.9	767,000
Jun-19	5.7	748,000
Sep-19	5.8	770,600
Dec-19	5.9	776,100
Mar-20	6.0	787,500
Jun-20	5.1	641,200
Sep-20	5.7	723,200
Dec-20	6.0	792,300
Mar-21	6.1	801,300
Jun-21	6.2	826,200
Sep-21	5.8	760,400
Dec-21	6.3	860,800
Mar-22	6.3	862,500
Jun-22	6.5	900,200
Sep-22	6.4	896,100
Dec-22	6.6	936,300
Mar-23	6.7	955,000
Jun-23	6.7	966,100
Sep-23	6.6	957,100
Dec-23	6.7	970,700

Multiple job-holding rate and levels

["Date","Multiple job-holding rate","Multiple job-holders"]

[["Sep-94","Dec-94","Mar-95","Jun-95","Sep-95","Dec-95","Mar-96","Jun-96","Sep-96","Dec-96","Mar-97","Jun-97","Sep-97","Dec-97","Mar-98","Jun-98","Sep-98","Dec-98","Mar-99","Jun-99","Sep-99","Dec-99","Mar-00","Jun-00","Sep-00","Dec-00","Mar-01","Jun-01","Sep-01","Dec-01","Mar-02","Jun-02","Sep-02","Dec-02","Mar-03","Jun-03","Sep-03","Dec-03","Mar-04","Jun-04","Sep-04","Dec-04","Mar-05","Jun-05","Sep-05","Dec-05","Mar-06","Jun-06","Sep-06","Dec-06","Mar-07","Jun-07","Sep-07","Dec-07","Mar-08","Jun-08","Sep-08","Dec-08","Mar-09","Jun-09","Sep-09","Dec-09","Mar-10","Jun-10","Sep-10","Dec-10","Mar-11","Jun-11","Sep-11","Dec-11","Mar-12","Jun-12","Sep-12","Dec-12","Mar-13","Jun-13","Sep-13","Dec-13","Mar-14","Jun-14","Sep-14","Dec-14","Mar-15","Jun-15","Sep-15","Dec-15","Mar-16","Jun-16","Sep-16","Dec-16","Mar-17","Jun-17","Sep-17","Dec-17","Mar-18","Jun-18","Sep-18","Dec-18","Mar-19","Jun-19","Sep-19","Dec-19","Mar-20","Jun-20","Sep-20","Dec-20","Mar-21","Jun-21","Sep-21","Dec-21","Mar-22","Jun-22","Sep-22","Dec-22","Mar-23","Jun-23","Sep-23","Dec-23"],[[5.2999999999999998],[5.2999999999999998],[5.5],[5.4000000000000004],[5.7999999999999998],[5.7000000000000002],[5.5999999999999996],[5.5],[5.4000000000000004],[5.4000000000000004],[5.2000000000000002],[5.4000000000000004],[5.2000000000000002],[5.2999999999999998],[5.4000000000000004],[5.4000000000000004],[5.2000000000000002],[5],[5.5999999999999996],[5.5],[5.7999999999999998],[5.5999999999999996],[5.4000000000000004],[5.2999999999999998],[5.4000000000000004],[5.5],[5.5],[6],[5.5],[5.7000000000000002],[5.5],[5.5999999999999996],[5.7000000000000002],[5.7999999999999998],[5.7000000000000002],[5.5999999999999996],[5.5999999999999996],[5.5],[5.7999999999999998],[6],[5.9000000000000004],[5.7999999999999998],[5.7999999999999998],[5.9000000000000004],[5.5999999999999996],[5.7999999999999998],[5.7000000000000002],[5.5],[5.4000000000000004],[5.4000000000000004],[5.4000000000000004],[5.5999999999999996],[5.5999999999999996],[5.5999999999999996],[5.5],[5.2999999999999998],[5.5],[5.5],[5.7000000000000002],[5.5999999999999996],[5.5999999999999996],[5.7000000000000002],[5.7000000000000002],[5.5999999999999996],[5.5],[5.5],[5.2000000000000002],[5.5],[5.4000000000000004],[5.2999999999999998],[5.2999999999999998],[5.2999999999999998],[5.2000000000000002],[5.2999999999999998],[5.4000000000000004],[5.4000000000000004],[5.5999999999999996],[5.2999999999999998],[5.2999999999999998],[5.2000000000000002],[5.2000000000000002],[5.4000000000000004],[5.5],[5.7000000000000002],[5.5],[5.7999999999999998],[5.7000000000000002],[5.5999999999999996],[5.5999999999999996],[5.5],[5.4000000000000004],[5.5999999999999996],[5.5999999999999996],[5.5],[5.7000000000000002],[5.7000000000000002],[5.7000000000000002],[6],[5.9000000000000004],[5.7000000000000002],[5.7999999999999998],[5.9000000000000004],[6],[5.0999999999999996],[5.7000000000000002],[6],[6.0999999999999996],[6.2000000000000002],[5.7999999999999998],[6.2999999999999998],[6.2999999999999998],[6.5],[6.4000000000000004],[6.5999999999999996],[6.7000000000000002],[6.7000000000000002],[6.5999999999999996],[6.7000000000000002]],[[433200],[441800],[459800],[453600],[488100],[485700],[481800],[469900],[458700],[461300],[448000],[459600],[447100],[456400],[466300],[471800],[459700],[441700],[494700],[493400],[518400],[501700],[492100],[481600],[499200],[509400],[505500],[556300],[513300],[529300],[517700],[530300],[542100],[555400],[551700],[542000],[542200],[538900],[566300],[591000],[583800],[580200],[583000],[598400],[574200],[594400],[585200],[568900],[572600],[569100],[577400],[596100],[606600],[607500],[597700],[587800],[613100],[606100],[629700],[614100],[616600],[638200],[636600],[626700],[623100],[631500],[599200],[629300],[624500],[605800],[614100],[616400],[604700],[620100],[626900],[639900],[658100],[622300],[630300],[611500],[615900],[636000],[663200],[684600],[666300],[700300],[689100],[683200],[682200],[679600],[668600],[697700],[709400],[695100],[723000],[735700],[735500],[785000],[767000],[748000],[770600],[776100],[787500],[641200],[723200],[792300],[801300],[826200],[760400],[860800],[862500],[900200],[896100],[936300],[955000],[966100],[957100],[970700]]]

[]

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[{"value":"0","axis_id":"0","axis_title":"Multiple job-holders","axis_units":"","tooltip_units":"","table_units":"","axis_min":"0","axis_max":"1000000","tick_interval":"200000","precision":"0","data_unit_prefix":"","data_unit_suffix":"","reverse_axis":false},{"value":"1","axis_id":"1","axis_title":"Multiple job-holding rate (%)","axis_units":"","tooltip_units":"(%)","table_units":"(%)","axis_min":"2","axis_max":"7","tick_interval":"1","precision":"1","data_unit_prefix":"","data_unit_suffix":"","reverse_axis":false}]

Source: Labour Account Australia (seasonally adjusted)

Sex

In December 2023, the rate of multiple job-holding was higher for women (7.5% compared with 6.0% for men). Over the past five years, on average, the multiple job-holding rate amongst women has been around 1.9 percentage points higher than men.

Multiple job-holding rate and levels by sex
Date	Multiple job-holding rate - Males (%)	Multiple job-holding rate - Females (%)	Multiple job-holders - Males	Multiple job-holders - Females
Dec 2018	4.8	7.4	328,700	448,000
Mar 2019	4.9	7.0	335,700	415,900
Jun 2019	4.6	6.8	315,000	409,500
Sep 2019	5.0	6.9	338,200	421,700
Dec 2019	5.0	6.9	343,400	427,000
Mar 2020	5.2	6.8	358,800	415,600
Jun 2020	4.4	5.7	289,100	333,900
Sep 2020	5.0	6.5	328,800	387,500
Dec 2020	5.1	7.2	350,600	439,100
Mar 2021	5.2	7.0	354,300	434,500
Jun 2021	5.4	6.9	370,800	431,500
Sep 2021	4.9	6.9	334,800	420,500
Dec 2021	5.2	7.7	366,500	490,700
Mar 2022	5.4	7.3	380,100	466,200
Jun 2022	5.5	7.3	397,300	474,400
Sep 2022	5.7	7.3	410,300	474,900
Dec 2022	5.8	7.6	424,600	504,200
Mar 2023	5.7	7.7	421,400	510,800
Jun 2023	5.7	7.6	420,900	513,600
Sep 2023	5.6	7.9	411,300	533,900
Dec 2023	6.0	7.5	449,000	515,900

Multiple job-holding rate and levels by sex

["Date","Multiple job-holding rate - Males","Multiple job-holding rate - Females","Multiple job-holders - Males","Multiple job-holders - Females"]

[["Dec 2018","Mar 2019","Jun 2019","Sep 2019","Dec 2019","Mar 2020","Jun 2020","Sep 2020","Dec 2020","Mar 2021","Jun 2021","Sep 2021","Dec 2021","Mar 2022","Jun 2022","Sep 2022","Dec 2022","Mar 2023","Jun 2023","Sep 2023","Dec 2023"],[[4.7999999999999998],[4.9000000000000004],[4.5999999999999996],[5],[5],[5.2000000000000002],[4.4000000000000004],[5],[5.0999999999999996],[5.2000000000000002],[5.4000000000000004],[4.9000000000000004],[5.2000000000000002],[5.4000000000000004],[5.5],[5.7000000000000002],[5.7999999999999998],[5.7000000000000002],[5.7000000000000002],[5.5999999999999996],[6]],[[7.4000000000000004],[7],[6.7999999999999998],[6.9000000000000004],[6.9000000000000004],[6.7999999999999998],[5.7000000000000002],[6.5],[7.2000000000000002],[7],[6.9000000000000004],[6.9000000000000004],[7.7000000000000002],[7.2999999999999998],[7.2999999999999998],[7.2999999999999998],[7.5999999999999996],[7.7000000000000002],[7.5999999999999996],[7.9000000000000004],[7.5]],[[328700],[335700],[315000],[338200],[343400],[358800],[289100],[328800],[350600],[354300],[370800],[334800],[366500],[380100],[397300],[410300],[424600],[421400],[420900],[411300],[449000]],[[448000],[415900],[409500],[421700],[427000],[415600],[333900],[387500],[439100],[434500],[431500],[420500],[490700],[466200],[474400],[474900],[504200],[510800],[513600],[533900],[515900]]]

[]

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[{"value":"0","axis_id":"0","axis_title":"Multiple job-holders","axis_units":"","tooltip_units":"","table_units":"","axis_min":"0","axis_max":"550000","tick_interval":"100000","precision":"0","data_unit_prefix":"","data_unit_suffix":"","reverse_axis":false},{"value":"1","axis_id":"1","axis_title":"Multiple job-holding rate (%)","axis_units":"","tooltip_units":"(%)","table_units":"(%)","axis_min":"0","axis_max":"12","tick_interval":"2","precision":"1","data_unit_prefix":"","data_unit_suffix":"","reverse_axis":false}]

Note: The sum of males and females does not equal the headline estimates of multiple job-holders from the Labour Account as the number of male and female multiple job-holders is sourced directly from the Labour Force Survey. The Labour Account includes adjustments to account for populations which are out of scope for the Labour Force Survey, namely child workers, short-term non-residents and defence force personnel.

Source: Longitudinal Labour Force, Australia (original)

Age

Employed people aged 20-24 were most likely to hold more than one job in December 2023 (8.4%). In contrast, 5.1% of employed people aged 60-64 were multiple job-holders.

Multiple job-holding rate by age group
Date	15-19 years (%)	20-24 years (%)	25-34 years (%)	35-44 years (%)	45-54 years (%)	55-59 years (%)	60-64 years (%)	65 years and over (%)
Mar 2023	7.9	8.9	6.4	6.9	6.1	6.4	5.5	5.2
Jun 2023	8.0	8.2	6.6	6.8	6.0	6.5	5.6	5.2
Sep 2023	6.1	7.9	7.1	7.1	6.8	5.9	5.2	4.2
Dec 2023	7.8	8.4	6.4	7.0	6.3	6.7	5.1	6.4

Multiple job-holding rate by age group

["Date","15-19 years","20-24 years","25-34 years","35-44 years","45-54 years","55-59 years","60-64 years","65 years and over"]

[["Mar 2023","Jun 2023","Sep 2023","Dec 2023"],[[7.9000000000000004],[8],[6.0999999999999996],[7.7999999999999998]],[[8.9000000000000004],[8.1999999999999993],[7.9000000000000004],[8.4000000000000004]],[[6.4000000000000004],[6.5999999999999996],[7.0999999999999996],[6.4000000000000004]],[[6.9000000000000004],[6.7999999999999998],[7.0999999999999996],[7]],[[6.0999999999999996],[6],[6.7999999999999998],[6.2999999999999998]],[[6.4000000000000004],[6.5],[5.9000000000000004],[6.7000000000000002]],[[5.5],[5.5999999999999996],[5.2000000000000002],[5.0999999999999996]],[[5.2000000000000002],[5.2000000000000002],[4.2000000000000002],[6.4000000000000004]]]

[]

[{"value":"0","axis_id":"0","axis_title":" ","axis_units":"","tooltip_units":"","table_units":"","axis_min":null,"axis_max":null,"tick_interval":null,"precision":"-1","data_unit_prefix":"","data_unit_suffix":"","reverse_axis":false}]

[{"value":"0","axis_id":"0","axis_title":"Multiple job-holding rate (%)","axis_units":"","tooltip_units":"(%)","table_units":"(%)","axis_min":null,"axis_max":null,"tick_interval":null,"precision":"1","data_unit_prefix":"","data_unit_suffix":"","reverse_axis":false}]

Estimates for smaller age groups are generally based on smaller counts and are subject to higher degrees of sampling variability.

Source: Longitudinal Labour Force, Australia (original)

Age distribution of multiple job-holders, and employed persons
Date	15-19 years (%)	20-24 years (%)	25-34 years (%)	35-44 years (%)	45-54 years (%)	55-59 years (%)	60-64 years (%)	65 years and over (%)
December 1994: Employed persons	7.8	12.9	25.3	25.5	19.5	5.0	2.6	1.4
December 1994: Multiple job-holders	7.7	15.0	23.1	29.9	17.7	4.6	1.8	0.4
December 2023: Employed persons	5.9	9.6	23.4	22.6	19.1	8.1	6.3	5.0
December 2023: Multiple job-holders	6.9	12.0	22.1	23.4	18.0	8.0	4.8	4.8

December 1994
December 2023

Age distribution of multiple job-holders, and employed persons

["Date","15-19 years","20-24 years","25-34 years","35-44 years","45-54 years","55-59 years","60-64 years","65 years and over"]

[["December 1994: Employed persons","December 1994: Multiple job-holders","December 2023: Employed persons","December 2023: Multiple job-holders"],[[7.7999999999999998],[7.7000000000000002],[5.9000000000000004],[6.9000000000000004]],[[12.9],[15],[9.5999999999999996],[12]],[[25.300000000000001],[23.100000000000001],[23.399999999999999],[22.100000000000001]],[[25.5],[29.899999999999999],[22.600000000000001],[23.399999999999999]],[[19.5],[17.699999999999999],[19.100000000000001],[18]],[[5],[4.5999999999999996],[8.0999999999999996],[8]],[[2.6000000000000001],[1.8],[6.2999999999999998],[4.7999999999999998]],[[1.3999999999999999],[0.40000000000000002],[5],[4.7999999999999998]]]

[{"value":"December 1994","annote_text":null,"x_value":"-0.25","y_value":"50","x_axis":"0","y_axis":"0","x_offset":"-1","y_offset":"4","cell_row":null,"cell_column":null},{"value":"December 2023","annote_text":null,"x_value":"1.7","y_value":"50","x_axis":"0","y_axis":"0","x_offset":"0","y_offset":"10","cell_row":null,"cell_column":null}]

[{"value":"0","axis_id":"0","axis_title":" ","axis_units":"","tooltip_units":"","table_units":"","axis_min":null,"axis_max":null,"tick_interval":null,"precision":"-1","data_unit_prefix":"","data_unit_suffix":"","reverse_axis":false}]

[{"value":"0","axis_id":"0","axis_title":"","axis_units":"","tooltip_units":"(%)","table_units":"(%)","axis_min":null,"axis_max":null,"tick_interval":null,"precision":"1","data_unit_prefix":"","data_unit_suffix":"","reverse_axis":false}]

Estimates for smaller age groups are generally based on smaller counts and are subject to higher degrees of sampling variability.

Source: Longitudinal Labour Force, Australia (original)

Industry

People working in the Agriculture, forestry and fishing and Administrative and support services industries in their main job had the highest multiple job-holding rates in December 2023 (9.2% for both). Multiple job-holding was least common among people whose main job was in Electricity, gas, water and waste services.

It is important to note that some industries lend themselves to multiple job-holding. For example, some workers in Agriculture, forestry and fishing may work several seasonal jobs for different employers in addition to their main job; and some labour hire workers may work for a number of businesses in Administrative and support services.

Levels and rate of multiple job-holding, by sex, by industry
Industry	Multiple job-holding rate (%)	Males	Females	Persons
Agriculture, forestry and fishing	9.2	26,200	14,800	41,100
Administrative and support services	9.2	53,600	40,100	93,600
Arts and recreation services	8.8	11,200	14,400	25,600
Accommodation and food services	7.9	36,100	48,400	84,700
Health care and social assistance	7.6	38,100	137,500	175,600
Education and training	7.3	26,200	63,800	90,000
Retail trade	6.1	35,400	51,900	87,400
Rental, hiring and real estate services	5.7	8,700	9,600	18,300
Information media and telecommunications	5.6	6,200	5,300	11,500
Construction	5.5	54,900	12,600	67,400
Public administration and safety	5.4	23,300	21,800	45,200
Other services	5.3	13,000	17,700	30,800
Professional, scientific and technical services	5.1	31,700	31,500	63,200
Mining	5.0	8,700	2,300	11,000
Transport, postal and warehousing	4.8	25,100	10,800	35,900
Wholesale trade	4.3	15,800	10,500	26,400
Manufacturing	4.1	24,700	12,300	37,000
Financial and insurance services	4.1	10,200	11,000	21,100
Electricity, gas, water and waste services	3.4	3,600	1,300	4,800

Levels and rate of multiple job-holding, by sex, by industry

["Industry","Multiple job-holding rate","Males","Females","Persons"]

[["Agriculture, forestry and fishing","Administrative and support services","Arts and recreation services","Accommodation and food services","Health care and social assistance","Education and training","Retail trade","Rental, hiring and real estate services","Information media and telecommunications","Construction","Public administration and safety","Other services","Professional, scientific and technical services","Mining","Transport, postal and warehousing","Wholesale trade","Manufacturing","Financial and insurance services","Electricity, gas, water and waste services"],[[9.1999999999999993],[9.1999999999999993],[8.8000000000000007],[7.9000000000000004],[7.5999999999999996],[7.2999999999999998],[6.0999999999999996],[5.7000000000000002],[5.5999999999999996],[5.5],[5.4000000000000004],[5.2999999999999998],[5.0999999999999996],[5],[4.7999999999999998],[4.2999999999999998],[4.0999999999999996],[4.0999999999999996],[3.3999999999999999]],[[26200],[53600],[11200],[36100],[38100],[26200],[35400],[8700],[6200],[54900],[23300],[13000],[31700],[8700],[25100],[15800],[24700],[10200],[3600]],[[14800],[40100],[14400],[48400],[137500],[63800],[51900],[9600],[5300],[12600],[21800],[17700],[31500],[2300],[10800],[10500],[12300],[11000],[1300]],[[41100],[93600],[25600],[84700],[175600],[90000],[87400],[18300],[11500],[67400],[45200],[30800],[63200],[11000],[35900],[26400],[37000],[21100],[4800]]]

[]

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[{"value":"0","axis_id":"0","axis_title":"Multiple job-holders","axis_units":"","tooltip_units":"","table_units":"","axis_min":"0","axis_max":null,"tick_interval":null,"precision":"-1","data_unit_prefix":"","data_unit_suffix":"","reverse_axis":false},{"value":"1","axis_id":"1","axis_title":"Multiple job-holding rate (%)","axis_units":"","tooltip_units":"(%)","table_units":"(%)","axis_min":"0","axis_max":"12","tick_interval":"3","precision":"1","data_unit_prefix":"","data_unit_suffix":"","reverse_axis":false}]

Note: Multiple job-holding rate and levels are taken from the Labour Account. The number of male and female multiple job-holders by industry are derived from Jobs in Australia, and applied to the Labour Account level estimate.

Source: Labour Account Australia (seasonally adjusted) and Jobs in Australia 2020-21 (original)

The following diagrams show Jobs in Australia data of the most common combinations of industries of male and female multiple job-holder's main and second concurrent job.

For example, most female multiple job-holders whose main job was in Health care and social assistance also had their second job in Health care and social assistance, but there were many women whose main job was in Health care and social assistance and their second job in either Administrative and support services, Education and training, Retail trade or Accommodation and food services.

The data can be found in Jobs in Australia Table 4.

Industry of main and second job of female multiple job-holders, 2020-21

Image

Description

A sankey diagram showing the common industries where female multiple job-holders work for their main job and their second job. The industries shown are:

G - Retail trade - with around half whose main job is in Retail trade having their second job in Retail trade, followed by Retail trade in their main job and either Accommodation and food services, Administrative and support services or Health care and social assistance in their second job

H - Accommodation and food services - with most having their main and second job in Accommodation and food services, and some Accommodation and food services in their main job and either Retail trade or Administrative and support services in their second job

N - Administrative and support services - with most having their main and second job in Administrative and support services, followed by Administrative and support services in their main job, and either Accommodation and food services or Health care and social assistance in their second job

Q - Health care and social assistance - with most having their main and second job in Health care and social assistance, followed by Health care and social assistance in their main job and either Administrative and support services, Education and training, Retail trade or Accommodation and food services in their second job

P - Education and training - with most having their main and second job in Education and training, followed by their main job in Education and training and Health care and social assistance in their second job

M - Professional, scientific and technical services - with most having both their main and second job in this industry

Industry of main and second job of male multiple job-holders, 2020-21

Image

Description

A sankey diagram showing the common industries where male multiple job-holders work for their main job and their second job. The industries shown are:

A - Agriculture, forestry and fishing - with most having both their main and second job in this industry

C - Manufacturing - with most having their second job in Administrative and support services

N - Administrative and support services - with most having their main and second job in Administrative and support services, followed by Administrative and support services in their main job and either Construction, or Accommodation and food services in their second job

E - Construction - with over half whose main job is in Construction having their second job in Construction, followed by Construction in their main job and Administrative and support services in their second job

G - Retail trade - with over half whose main job is in Retail having their second job in Retail, followed by Retail trade in their main job and either Accommodation and food services or Administrative and support services in their second job

H - Accommodation and food services - with most having their main and second job in Accommodation and food services, and some Accommodation and food services in their main job and Administrative and support services in their second job

M - Professional, scientific and technical services - with over half whose main job is in Professional, scientific and technical services having their second job in Professional, scientific and technical services and just under half their main job in Professional, scientific and technical services and their second job in Administrative and support services

I - Transport, postal and warehousing- with most having their main and second job in this industry

O - Public administration and safety - with most having both their main and second job in this industry

P - Education and training - with most having both their main and second job in this industry

Q - Health care and social assistance - with most having their main and second job in this industry

Occupation

In November 2023, 10.3% of all people who were a Community and personal service worker in their main job were multiple job-holders. Machinery operators and drivers were least likely to be a multiple job-holder (4.2%).

Levels and rate of multiple job-holding, by sex by occupation, November 2023
Occupation major group	Multiple job-holding rate: Persons (%)	Males	Females	Persons
Community and personal service workers	10.3	43,200	123,300	166,500
Professionals	8.2	140,600	167,100	307,700
Clerical and administrative workers	6.6	23,100	104,300	127,400
Sales workers	6.4	33,700	38,200	71,900
Managers	6.2	66,200	47,400	113,600
Labourers	5.5	39,900	26,900	66,900
Technicians and trades workers	4.9	69,600	24,500	94,100
Machinery operators and drivers	4.2	33,800	4,000	37,800

Levels and rate of multiple job-holding, by sex by occupation, November 2023

["Occupation major group","Multiple job-holding rate: Persons","Males","Females","Persons"]

[["Community and personal service workers","Professionals","Clerical and administrative workers","Sales workers","Managers","Labourers","Technicians and trades workers","Machinery operators and drivers"],[[10.300000000000001],[8.1999999999999993],[6.5999999999999996],[6.4000000000000004],[6.2000000000000002],[5.5],[4.9000000000000004],[4.2000000000000002]],[[43200],[140600],[23100],[33700],[66200],[39900],[69600],[33800]],[[123300],[167100],[104300],[38200],[47400],[26900],[24500],[4000]],[[166500],[307700],[127400],[71900],[113600],[66900],[94100],[37800]]]

[]

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Note: The sum of occupations does not equal the headline estimate of multiple job-holders from the Labour Account as the number of multiple job-holders, by occupation is sourced directly from the Labour Force Survey. The Labour Account includes adjustments to account for populations which are out of scope for the Labour Force Survey, namely child workers, short-term non-residents and defence force personnel.

Source: Longitudinal Labour Force, Australia (original)

Hours worked

In December 2023:

Multiple job-holders usually worked 30.3 hours, on average, in their main job, and 9.1 hours in their secondary job(s) - a total of 39.4 hours per week, on average.
Single job-holders usually worked 35.1 hours per week, on average.

Average usual hours worked, December 2023
Sex	Average hours worked: Main job (hrs)	Average hours worked: Secondary jobs (hrs)
Male multiple job-holders	34.6	9.3
Female multiple job-holders	26.6	8.8
All multiple job-holders	30.3	9.1

Male single job-holders	38.4	0
Female single job-holders	31.5	0
All single job-holders	35.1	0

Average usual hours worked, December 2023

["Sex","Average hours worked: Main job","Average hours worked: Secondary jobs"]

[["Male multiple job-holders","Female multiple job-holders","All multiple job-holders","","Male single job-holders","Female single job-holders","All single job-holders"],[[34.600000000000001],[26.600000000000001],[30.300000000000001],[null],[38.399999999999999],[31.5],[35.100000000000001]],[[9.3000000000000007],[8.8000000000000007],[9.0999999999999996],[null],[0],[0],[0]]]

[]

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[{"value":"0","axis_id":"0","axis_title":"Average usual hours worked","axis_units":"","tooltip_units":"(hrs)","table_units":"(hrs)","axis_min":null,"axis_max":null,"tick_interval":null,"precision":"-1","data_unit_prefix":"","data_unit_suffix":"","reverse_axis":false}]

Source: Longitudinal Labour Force, Australia (original)

Multiple job-holders were most likely to work part-time hours (less than 35 hours per week) in both their main and secondary job(s), followed by a combination of full-time and part-time hours. There were a small number of people who had two full-time jobs.

Multiple job-holders by actual full-time or part-time hours
Date	Worked part-time hours in main job; part-time hours in secondary jobs	Worked full-time hours in main job; part-time hours in secondary jobs	Worked full-time hours in main and secondary jobs
Dec-01	251,900	209,100	6,700
Mar-02	259,500	183,800	6,200
Jun-02	286,300	165,200	5,200
Sep-02	278,300	199,500	4,400
Dec-02	276,600	206,300	6,600
Mar-03	279,200	190,300	4,200
Jun-03	286,100	173,800	6,700
Sep-03	271,000	193,500	6,300
Dec-03	266,500	198,600	4,400
Mar-04	282,500	200,000	4,500
Jun-04	293,800	207,400	3,900
Sep-04	276,400	202,700	6,100
Dec-04	271,400	214,800	3,900
Mar-05	294,300	197,900	4,500
Jun-05	289,800	209,200	8,000
Sep-05	278,400	211,200	3,200
Dec-05	293,500	210,300	6,500
Mar-06	267,900	219,100	4,100
Jun-06	294,500	166,700	5,000
Sep-06	287,000	198,500	3,400
Dec-06	277,900	199,200	4,900
Mar-07	283,600	190,200	3,900
Jun-07	297,800	192,900	3,400
Sep-07	303,000	209,500	3,600
Dec-07	285,300	211,600	5,200
Mar-08	293,200	202,700	3,800
Jun-08	312,000	174,700	3,400
Sep-08	291,700	232,300	6,000
Dec-08	290,200	223,000	6,600
Mar-09	313,300	205,300	6,500
Jun-09	313,400	183,600	3,200
Sep-09	304,000	207,700	4,800
Dec-09	311,500	224,500	9,300
Mar-10	312,500	206,500	7,700
Jun-10	303,500	216,300	4,100
Sep-10	305,800	221,900	4,800
Dec-10	313,600	227,700	5,000
Mar-11	298,600	206,500	5,500
Jun-11	317,000	203,900	6,100
Sep-11	314,400	217,500	5,000
Dec-11	292,600	207,900	6,300
Mar-12	306,000	189,600	5,400
Jun-12	317,000	165,700	7,100
Sep-12	299,300	204,600	4,900
Dec-12	282,000	221,200	7,500
Mar-13	321,600	183,200	4,100
Jun-13	328,500	183,700	4,100
Sep-13	328,400	215,300	4,700
Dec-13	293,500	204,400	4,400
Mar-14	309,100	198,200	4,300
Jun-14	289,600	190,200	2,000
Sep-14	326,100	206,200	3,300
Dec-14	327,200	211,700	2,900
Mar-15	352,100	206,300	7,000
Jun-15	374,700	196,900	6,000
Sep-15	357,600	227,200	2,600
Dec-15	350,600	246,800	4,100
Mar-16	357,500	220,500	4,600
Jun-16	350,000	228,100	4,300
Sep-16	352,900	232,500	7,900
Dec-16	344,200	230,100	7,400
Mar-17	349,700	210,100	8,000
Jun-17	361,100	219,000	3,500
Sep-17	359,800	237,500	6,600
Dec-17	358,700	236,400	8,200
Mar-18	390,400	218,800	5,300
Jun-18	370,500	222,800	6,000
Sep-18	400,000	229,800	4,800
Dec-18	415,500	253,500	7,200
Mar-19	421,300	225,300	8,000
Jun-19	416,400	199,900	1,700
Sep-19	405,600	246,700	3,800
Dec-19	389,600	258,300	7,300
Mar-20	424,400	231,700	4,200
Jun-20	327,400	171,900	4,400
Sep-20	376,300	218,400	3,900
Dec-20	370,800	288,800	8,300
Mar-21	414,900	249,200	5,200
Jun-21	395,600	253,800	2,900
Sep-21	359,600	248,100	4,400
Dec-21	442,800	281,100	5,000
Mar-22	411,900	272,600	7,200
Jun-22	429,900	278,200	5,700
Sep-22	449,700	272,700	4,200
Dec-22	444,600	298,000	5,700
Mar-23	450,400	319,100	4,500
Jun-23	465,700	284,800	11,200
Sep-23	464,700	302,000	10,900
Dec-23	453,600	324,200	10,400

Multiple job-holders by actual full-time or part-time hours

["Date","Worked part-time hours in main job; part-time hours in secondary jobs","Worked full-time hours in main job; part-time hours in secondary jobs","Worked full-time hours in main and secondary jobs"]

[["Dec-01","Mar-02","Jun-02","Sep-02","Dec-02","Mar-03","Jun-03","Sep-03","Dec-03","Mar-04","Jun-04","Sep-04","Dec-04","Mar-05","Jun-05","Sep-05","Dec-05","Mar-06","Jun-06","Sep-06","Dec-06","Mar-07","Jun-07","Sep-07","Dec-07","Mar-08","Jun-08","Sep-08","Dec-08","Mar-09","Jun-09","Sep-09","Dec-09","Mar-10","Jun-10","Sep-10","Dec-10","Mar-11","Jun-11","Sep-11","Dec-11","Mar-12","Jun-12","Sep-12","Dec-12","Mar-13","Jun-13","Sep-13","Dec-13","Mar-14","Jun-14","Sep-14","Dec-14","Mar-15","Jun-15","Sep-15","Dec-15","Mar-16","Jun-16","Sep-16","Dec-16","Mar-17","Jun-17","Sep-17","Dec-17","Mar-18","Jun-18","Sep-18","Dec-18","Mar-19","Jun-19","Sep-19","Dec-19","Mar-20","Jun-20","Sep-20","Dec-20","Mar-21","Jun-21","Sep-21","Dec-21","Mar-22","Jun-22","Sep-22","Dec-22","Mar-23","Jun-23","Sep-23","Dec-23"],[[251900],[259500],[286300],[278300],[276600],[279200],[286100],[271000],[266500],[282500],[293800],[276400],[271400],[294300],[289800],[278400],[293500],[267900],[294500],[287000],[277900],[283600],[297800],[303000],[285300],[293200],[312000],[291700],[290200],[313300],[313400],[304000],[311500],[312500],[303500],[305800],[313600],[298600],[317000],[314400],[292600],[306000],[317000],[299300],[282000],[321600],[328500],[328400],[293500],[309100],[289600],[326100],[327200],[352100],[374700],[357600],[350600],[357500],[350000],[352900],[344200],[349700],[361100],[359800],[358700],[390400],[370500],[400000],[415500],[421300],[416400],[405600],[389600],[424400],[327400],[376300],[370800],[414900],[395600],[359600],[442800],[411900],[429900],[449700],[444600],[450400],[465700],[464700],[453600]],[[209100],[183800],[165200],[199500],[206300],[190300],[173800],[193500],[198600],[200000],[207400],[202700],[214800],[197900],[209200],[211200],[210300],[219100],[166700],[198500],[199200],[190200],[192900],[209500],[211600],[202700],[174700],[232300],[223000],[205300],[183600],[207700],[224500],[206500],[216300],[221900],[227700],[206500],[203900],[217500],[207900],[189600],[165700],[204600],[221200],[183200],[183700],[215300],[204400],[198200],[190200],[206200],[211700],[206300],[196900],[227200],[246800],[220500],[228100],[232500],[230100],[210100],[219000],[237500],[236400],[218800],[222800],[229800],[253500],[225300],[199900],[246700],[258300],[231700],[171900],[218400],[288800],[249200],[253800],[248100],[281100],[272600],[278200],[272700],[298000],[319100],[284800],[302000],[324200]],[[6700],[6200],[5200],[4400],[6600],[4200],[6700],[6300],[4400],[4500],[3900],[6100],[3900],[4500],[8000],[3200],[6500],[4100],[5000],[3400],[4900],[3900],[3400],[3600],[5200],[3800],[3400],[6000],[6600],[6500],[3200],[4800],[9300],[7700],[4100],[4800],[5000],[5500],[6100],[5000],[6300],[5400],[7100],[4900],[7500],[4100],[4100],[4700],[4400],[4300],[2000],[3300],[2900],[7000],[6000],[2600],[4100],[4600],[4300],[7900],[7400],[8000],[3500],[6600],[8200],[5300],[6000],[4800],[7200],[8000],[1700],[3800],[7300],[4200],[4400],[3900],[8300],[5200],[2900],[4400],[5000],[7200],[5700],[4200],[5700],[4500],[11200],[10900],[10400]]]

[]

[{"value":"0","axis_id":"0","axis_title":" ","axis_units":"","tooltip_units":"","table_units":"","axis_min":null,"axis_max":null,"tick_interval":"4","precision":"-1","data_unit_prefix":"","data_unit_suffix":"","reverse_axis":false}]

[{"value":"0","axis_id":"0","axis_title":"Multiple job-holders","axis_units":"","tooltip_units":"","table_units":"","axis_min":null,"axis_max":null,"tick_interval":null,"precision":"-1","data_unit_prefix":"","data_unit_suffix":"","reverse_axis":false}]

Note: The full-time / part-time hours categories are based on hours actually worked in the reference week, so exclude employed people who were away from work.

Source: Longitudinal Labour Force, Australia (original)

Multiple job-holders by sex, by actual full-time or part-time hours
Date	Worked full-time hours in main job; part-time hours in secondary jobs - Males	Worked full-time hours in main job; part-time hours in secondary jobs - Females	Worked part-time hours in main job; part-time hours in secondary jobs - Males	Worked part-time hours in main job; part-time hours in secondary jobs - Females
Dec-01	137,600	71,500	78,300	173,600
Mar-02	120,900	62,900	83,800	175,700
Jun-02	118,500	46,700	98,800	187,500
Sep-02	137,900	61,600	82,700	195,600
Dec-02	139,200	67,200	93,400	183,100
Mar-03	127,800	62,500	90,600	188,600
Jun-03	121,900	51,900	96,600	189,500
Sep-03	129,100	64,400	86,100	184,900
Dec-03	123,700	74,900	87,600	178,900
Mar-04	128,100	71,900	92,700	189,800
Jun-04	140,200	67,100	99,000	194,800
Sep-04	136,200	66,500	91,100	185,200
Dec-04	143,700	71,000	79,500	191,900
Mar-05	127,500	70,400	92,600	201,700
Jun-05	141,500	67,700	94,400	195,500
Sep-05	136,700	74,400	88,400	190,000
Dec-05	134,900	75,400	86,200	207,300
Mar-06	143,100	75,900	86,400	181,500
Jun-06	103,800	62,900	103,900	190,600
Sep-06	124,700	73,800	92,500	194,500
Dec-06	125,300	73,900	84,800	193,100
Mar-07	125,400	64,800	88,200	195,400
Jun-07	127,000	65,900	101,600	196,200
Sep-07	137,300	72,100	102,700	200,300
Dec-07	133,400	78,300	93,300	192,000
Mar-08	131,700	70,900	95,500	197,700
Jun-08	119,000	55,700	102,100	209,900
Sep-08	147,100	85,200	83,200	208,500
Dec-08	142,600	80,400	85,000	205,300
Mar-09	133,900	71,400	94,800	218,600
Jun-09	111,900	71,700	106,700	206,700
Sep-09	129,000	78,700	100,100	203,800
Dec-09	138,200	86,300	105,400	206,100
Mar-10	133,200	73,400	97,400	215,100
Jun-10	138,500	77,800	92,000	211,500
Sep-10	142,200	79,700	85,100	220,700
Dec-10	148,100	79,600	98,800	214,800
Mar-11	133,700	72,800	96,100	202,500
Jun-11	138,900	65,000	101,200	215,800
Sep-11	135,600	81,800	90,300	224,100
Dec-11	131,800	76,100	84,700	207,900
Mar-12	113,200	76,300	101,400	204,600
Jun-12	107,600	58,100	112,100	204,800
Sep-12	129,500	75,200	95,200	204,100
Dec-12	148,100	73,100	86,900	195,000
Mar-13	116,600	66,700	101,300	220,300
Jun-13	124,600	59,100	101,700	226,700
Sep-13	137,900	77,400	111,800	216,600
Dec-13	128,600	75,900	95,200	198,300
Mar-14	133,200	65,000	104,000	205,000
Jun-14	126,300	63,900	97,000	192,600
Sep-14	130,300	75,900	96,200	230,000
Dec-14	143,100	68,600	94,400	232,800
Mar-15	134,400	71,800	116,900	235,200
Jun-15	125,000	71,900	121,000	253,700
Sep-15	136,100	91,000	114,600	243,000
Dec-15	154,100	92,700	107,900	242,700
Mar-16	129,800	90,600	122,800	234,700
Jun-16	143,500	84,500	120,400	229,600
Sep-16	151,000	81,500	111,300	241,600
Dec-16	139,600	90,400	110,600	233,600
Mar-17	126,700	83,400	112,900	236,800
Jun-17	139,800	79,200	118,200	242,900
Sep-17	147,400	90,100	112,500	247,200
Dec-17	150,400	86,000	112,000	246,700
Mar-18	134,900	83,900	130,400	260,000
Jun-18	141,600	81,200	127,900	242,700
Sep-18	145,600	84,200	123,100	276,900
Dec-18	151,400	102,100	127,700	287,800
Mar-19	134,500	90,800	146,700	274,500
Jun-19	128,700	71,200	139,400	277,000
Sep-19	156,000	90,700	125,800	279,800
Dec-19	164,300	94,000	118,600	271,000
Mar-20	147,500	84,300	147,900	276,500
Jun-20	104,600	67,400	124,300	203,100
Sep-20	134,700	83,700	128,400	248,000
Dec-20	174,300	114,500	117,200	253,700
Mar-21	153,600	95,600	139,900	275,000
Jun-21	169,700	84,100	129,600	266,000
Sep-21	157,900	90,300	106,700	252,900
Dec-21	158,600	122,500	145,100	297,700
Mar-22	169,900	102,700	135,400	276,500
Jun-22	170,900	107,200	144,900	284,900
Sep-22	163,500	109,200	166,100	283,600
Dec-22	170,500	127,400	158,600	286,000
Mar-23	186,500	132,600	156,500	293,800
Jun-23	165,800	118,900	168,300	297,400
Sep-23	183,700	118,300	140,700	324,000
Dec-23	201,800	122,400	154,500	299,100

Multiple job-holders by sex, by actual full-time or part-time hours

["Date","Worked full-time hours in main job; part-time hours in secondary jobs - Males","Worked full-time hours in main job; part-time hours in secondary jobs - Females","Worked part-time hours in main job; part-time hours in secondary jobs - Males","Worked part-time hours in main job; part-time hours in secondary jobs - Females"]

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[]

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Note: The full-time / part-time hours categories are based on hours actually worked in the reference week, so exclude employed people who were away from work. The small number of people working two full-time jobs have been excluded from this graph.

Source: Longitudinal Labour Force, Australia (original)

Geography

In December 2023, the multiple job-holding rate was higher in regional areas (7.4%) compared to capital cities (6.4%) at the Australia level. Overtime, growth in multiple job-holding rates in capital cities has led to a narrowing of the difference between rates in capital cities and the rest of Australia.

Multiple job-holding rate
	Rest of Australia (%)	Capital cities (%)
Jun-98	6.5	4.8
Sep-98	6.3	4.7
Dec-98	6.1	4.4
Mar-99	6.7	5.1
Jun-99	6.9	4.9
Sep-99	7.5	5.0
Dec-99	7.1	4.8
Mar-00	7.1	4.6
Jun-00	6.6	4.6
Sep-00	6.6	4.9
Dec-00	6.8	4.9
Mar-01	6.7	4.9
Jun-01	7.2	5.4
Sep-01	6.8	5.0
Dec-01	7.1	5.0
Mar-02	7.1	4.7
Jun-02	6.7	5.1
Sep-02	6.9	5.2
Dec-02	7.1	5.1
Mar-03	6.8	5.2
Jun-03	6.9	5.1
Sep-03	6.8	5.1
Dec-03	6.4	5.1
Mar-04	7.2	5.1
Jun-04	7.3	5.5
Sep-04	6.7	5.6
Dec-04	6.3	5.5
Mar-05	6.4	5.4
Jun-05	6.9	5.4
Sep-05	6.4	5.3
Dec-05	6.7	5.3
Mar-06	6.9	5.1
Jun-06	6.3	5.0
Sep-06	6.6	4.9
Dec-06	6.1	5.0
Mar-07	6.8	4.8
Jun-07	6.8	4.9
Sep-07	6.9	5.1
Dec-07	6.6	5.1
Mar-08	6.6	4.9
Jun-08	5.8	5.0
Sep-08	6.6	5.1
Dec-08	6.8	4.8
Mar-09	7.1	5.0
Jun-09	7.1	4.7
Sep-09	7.0	5.0
Dec-09	6.7	5.2
Mar-10	6.9	5.1
Jun-10	7.0	4.8
Sep-10	6.8	5.0
Dec-10	6.4	5.1
Mar-11	6.1	4.8
Jun-11	6.4	5.0
Sep-11	6.4	5.1
Dec-11	6.1	4.8
Mar-12	5.6	5.1
Jun-12	6.1	4.9
Sep-12	6.2	4.8
Dec-12	6.1	4.8
Mar-13	6.3	4.9
Jun-13	6.3	5.0
Sep-13	6.5	5.3
Dec-13	5.7	5.1
Mar-14	6.1	5.0
Jun-14	6.2	4.6
Sep-14	6.1	4.9
Dec-14	6.2	4.9
Mar-15	6.4	5.1
Jun-15	6.8	5.1
Sep-15	6.8	5.1
Dec-15	6.6	5.3
Mar-16	6.4	5.3
Jun-16	6.6	5.1
Sep-16	6.5	5.3
Dec-16	6.6	5.0
Mar-17	6.1	5.1
Jun-17	6.2	5.2
Sep-17	6.6	5.3
Dec-17	6.0	5.2
Mar-18	6.5	5.3
Jun-18	6.5	5.3
Sep-18	6.1	5.6
Dec-18	6.8	5.7
Mar-19	6.8	5.5
Jun-19	6.3	5.3
Sep-19	6.6	5.6
Dec-19	6.5	5.6
Mar-20	6.7	5.6
Jun-20	6.3	4.5
Sep-20	6.8	5.2
Dec-20	6.7	5.8
Mar-21	6.8	5.7
Jun-21	6.8	5.8
Sep-21	6.7	5.5
Dec-21	6.9	6.2
Mar-22	6.7	6.1
Jun-22	6.7	6.2
Sep-22	6.7	6.4
Dec-22	6.8	6.6
Mar-23	7.4	6.3
Jun-23	7.1	6.4
Sep-23	7.3	6.4
Dec-23	7.4	6.4

Multiple job-holding rate

["","Rest of Australia","Capital cities"]

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[]

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Source: Longitudinal Labour Force, Australia (original)

In December 2023, the multiple job-holding rate was highest in:

Capital city: Greater Hobart (8.2%)
Rest of state or territory: Victoria (9.2%)

In Queensland, Tasmania, and the Northern Territory, multiple job-holding was more prevalent in the greater capital city than the rest of state or territory.

Multiple job-holding rates by Greater Capital City Statistical Area, December 2023

A map showing the multiple job-holding rate in each capital city, and the balance of each state and territory. The data are available in the Table view.

Source: Longitudinal Labour Force, Australia (original)

Data downloads

Table 1: Multiple job-holders rates and levels

Rates and levels of multiple job-holders time series. Sourced from the Labour Accounts.

Data files

Download xlsx [33.4 KB]

Table 2: Multiple job-holders by age and sex

Time series of multiple job-holders by age and sex. Sourced from the Labour Force Survey

Data files

Download xlsx [357.34 KB]

Table 3: Multiple job-holders income, by age, by sex and number of concurrent jobs

Median employment income of multiple job holders. Sourced from Jobs in Australia

Data files

Download xlsx [82.19 KB]

Table 4: Multiple job-holders by industry, by sex, by median income

Multiple job-holders rates and levels by industry, by sex and by median income. Levels from the Labour Accounts are proportioned using Jobs in Australia sex data of industries. Median income data by industry sourced from Jobs in Australia

Data files

Download xlsx [238.71 KB]

Table 5: Multiple job-holders by selected characteristics

Multiple job-holders and employed persons by occupation, average usual hours worked, by State, by Greater Capital City Statistical Area, and by educational qualifications. Sourced from the Labour Force Survey.

Data files

Download xlsx [690.23 KB]

All data downloads

Data files

Download zip [1.2 MB]

Methodology

Multiple job-holders methodology, December 2023

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APA

Citation

Multiple job-holders

APA

Citation

Key statistics

Sources of multiple job-holder data

Data impacts and changes

Revisions this quarter

Multiple job-holding over time

Sex

Age

Industry

Industry of main and second job of female multiple job-holders, 2020-21

Industry of main and second job of male multiple job-holders, 2020-21

Occupation

Hours worked

Geography

Multiple job-holding rates by Greater Capital City Statistical Area, December 2023

Data downloads

Table 1: Multiple job-holders rates and levels

Table 2: Multiple job-holders by age and sex

Table 3: Multiple job-holders income, by age, by sex and number of concurrent jobs

Table 4: Multiple job-holders by industry, by sex, by median income

Table 5: Multiple job-holders by selected characteristics

All data downloads

Methodology

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