Labour Force, Australia, September 2020

	Aug-20	Sep-20	Monthly change	Monthly change (%)	Yearly change	Yearly change (%)
Seasonally adjusted
Employed people	12,601,500	12,571,900	-29,500	-0.2%	-358,400	-2.8%
Unemployed people	926,200	937,400	11,300	1.2%	228,100	32.2%
Unemployment rate	6.8%	6.9%	0.1 pts	na	1.7 pts	na
Underemployment rate	11.3%	11.4%	0.1 pts	na	3.0 pts	na
Participation rate	64.9%	64.8%	-0.1 pts	na	-1.3 pts	na
Monthly hours worked in all jobs	1,680 million	1,688 million	9 million	0.5%	-89 million	-5.0%

Estimates of changes throughout this release are calculated using un-rounded level estimates and may be different from, but are more accurate than, movements obtained from the rounded level estimates.

Survey impacts and changes

Managing the impact of COVID-19 on labour force statistics

Survey response and timeline

New ABS website and changes to Labour Force Survey publications

Continued suspension of trend estimates

Treatment of people on JobKeeper, JobSeeker or stood down

People paid through the JobKeeper wage subsidy, in receipt of JobSeeker payments, or stood down by their employer are classified as follows in the Labour Force Survey. This approach:

is consistent with the long-standing concepts and practices used in the Labour Force Survey; and
has not resulted in any changes to the Labour Force Survey questionnaire.

The ABS will update this information if new scenarios emerge or the conditions of existing scenarios change over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic.

1. People paid through the JobKeeper wage subsidy: employed

The ABS expects that people who are paid through the JobKeeper scheme will answer the questions in a way that results in them being classified as employed, regardless of the hours they work (e.g. even if they are stood down). People paid through JobKeeper may work less hours, the same hours, or more hours, than usual.

Under the JobKeeper program, eligible businesses and not-for-profit organisations affected by COVID-19 can elect to receive a subsidy to support their employment of eligible employees. Some self-employed people are also eligible to receive the JobKeeper payment.

Employers will pay these employees a wage, within their existing employment relationship, supporting an ongoing attachment to a job.

2. People in receipt of the JobSeeker payment: it depends on their labour market activity

People who receive the JobSeeker or other similar government payments are not automatically classified as unemployed (just as those classified as unemployed will not necessarily be in receipt of a government payment) and how they are categorised depends on how they answer questions around labour market activity.

The JobSeeker payment is paid to people who are looking for work or are sick or injured and cannot undertake their usual work or study for a short time, and who meet the eligibility requirements. People can also receive the JobSeeker payment if they have a job, if they meet a low income test.

Recent changes to the JobSeeker program related to COVID-19 also meant that recipients did not have to meet the usual mutual obligation requirements, such as looking for work. As these obligations are gradually reinstated, and changes may lead to increases in active job search and an increase in the number of people classified as unemployed in future months.

To be classified as unemployed in Labour Force statistics, a person must:

have actively looked for full-time or part-time work in the last four weeks; and
be available for work in the reference week.

People who were waiting to start a new job within four weeks from the end of the reference week and could have started in the reference week if the job had been available then are also classified as unemployed.

3. People not working any hours, including those who were stood down: it depends on their job attachment and pay, and potentially other labour market activity

A person will be classified as employed if they:

had taken any kind of paid leave;
were away from their job for any reason (e.g. they were stood down), and were paid for some part of the previous 4 weeks (which could include wages subsidised through the JobKeeper scheme); or
were away from their job for four weeks or less for any reason, without pay, but believe they still have a job to go back to (e.g. they were stood down, with no pay).

If a person is away from their job for four weeks or more without pay, or they believe they no longer have a job to be absent from, they will be classified as:

unemployed - if they have actively looked for work, and are available to start work; or
not in the labour force - if they have not looked for work and/or are not available to start work.

There will be a range of ways in which people will have been stood down without work as a result of COVID-19. Some may be stood down with pay, some through paid leave (e.g. long service leave, annual leave, etc) and some without pay. Some people will perceive that they still have a job (but just no hours at the moment), while others will consider they have lost their job.

These differences are effectively captured using Labour Force Survey questions, which support the ABS to effectively categorise people and produce key measures of the labour market.

People stood down without pay from late March through to early May were away from their job for four weeks or more and therefore were no longer considered employed in May. This explains part of the further fall in employment in May.

For further information, please email labour.statistics@abs.gov.au.

Articles

This months Labour Force release includes additional analysis of hours worked, including for those people working zero hours for economic reasons (see Insights into hours worked).

Unemployment

In seasonally adjusted terms, in September 2020:

The unemployment rate increased 0.1 pts to 6.9% (1.7 pts higher than a year ago)
Unemployed people increased by 11,300 to 937,400 (and increased by 228,100 over the year to September 2020)
The youth unemployment rate increased 0.4 pts to 14.5% (and increased by 2.7 pts over the year to September 2020)

Unemployment rate, Seasonally adjusted
	Persons (%)
Sep-10	5.1
Oct-10	5.3
Nov-10	5.1
Dec-10	4.9
Jan-11	5.0
Feb-11	5.0
Mar-11	4.9
Apr-11	5.0
May-11	5.0
Jun-11	4.9
Jul-11	5.1
Aug-11	5.3
Sep-11	5.2
Oct-11	5.2
Nov-11	5.2
Dec-11	5.2
Jan-12	5.0
Feb-12	5.2
Mar-12	5.2
Apr-12	5.0
May-12	5.2
Jun-12	5.2
Jul-12	5.2
Aug-12	5.1
Sep-12	5.5
Oct-12	5.4
Nov-12	5.3
Dec-12	5.4
Jan-13	5.4
Feb-13	5.4
Mar-13	5.6
Apr-13	5.6
May-13	5.6
Jun-13	5.7
Jul-13	5.6
Aug-13	5.8
Sep-13	5.7
Oct-13	5.8
Nov-13	5.8
Dec-13	5.9
Jan-14	5.9
Feb-14	5.9
Mar-14	5.9
Apr-14	5.8
May-14	5.9
Jun-14	6.0
Jul-14	6.2
Aug-14	6.1
Sep-14	6.2
Oct-14	6.4
Nov-14	6.3
Dec-14	6.1
Jan-15	6.3
Feb-15	6.1
Mar-15	6.1
Apr-15	6.1
May-15	5.9
Jun-15	6.0
Jul-15	6.3
Aug-15	6.1
Sep-15	6.2
Oct-15	5.9
Nov-15	5.9
Dec-15	5.7
Jan-16	6.0
Feb-16	5.7
Mar-16	5.6
Apr-16	5.6
May-16	5.7
Jun-16	5.7
Jul-16	5.7
Aug-16	5.6
Sep-16	5.6
Oct-16	5.6
Nov-16	5.8
Dec-16	5.8
Jan-17	5.7
Feb-17	5.8
Mar-17	5.8
Apr-17	5.6
May-17	5.6
Jun-17	5.6
Jul-17	5.6
Aug-17	5.5
Sep-17	5.4
Oct-17	5.4
Nov-17	5.4
Dec-17	5.6
Jan-18	5.5
Feb-18	5.6
Mar-18	5.5
Apr-18	5.5
May-18	5.4
Jun-18	5.3
Jul-18	5.3
Aug-18	5.3
Sep-18	5.0
Oct-18	5.0
Nov-18	5.1
Dec-18	5.0
Jan-19	5.0
Feb-19	5.0
Mar-19	5.1
Apr-19	5.2
May-19	5.2
Jun-19	5.2
Jul-19	5.2
Aug-19	5.2
Sep-19	5.2
Oct-19	5.3
Nov-19	5.1
Dec-19	5.1
Jan-20	5.3
Feb-20	5.1
Mar-20	5.2
Apr-20	6.4
May-20	7.1
Jun-20	7.4
Jul-20	7.5
Aug-20	6.8
Sep-20	6.9

Unemployment rate, Seasonally adjusted

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Employment

In seasonally adjusted terms, in September 2020:

employment decreased by 29,500 people (0.2%) to 12,571,900 people
over the year to September 2020, employment decreased by 2.8% or 358,400 people

Underpinning this net decrease in the number of employed people are extensive flows of people into and out of employment around 400,000 people entered employment (i.e. they were employed in September but were not employed in August), while around 350,000 people left employment (i.e. they were employed in August but were not employed in September). This contrasts with the previous month, where around 400,000 people entered employment and around 400,000 people left employment.

Employed people, Seasonally adjusted
	Employed people
Sep-10	11,088.2
Oct-10	11,104.3
Nov-10	11,162.7
Dec-10	11,168.3
Jan-11	11,199.9
Feb-11	11,175.8
Mar-11	11,215.1
Apr-11	11,182.7
May-11	11,172.1
Jun-11	11,205.8
Jul-11	11,209.7
Aug-11	11,216.8
Sep-11	11,247.3
Oct-11	11,249.1
Nov-11	11,252.3
Dec-11	11,230.7
Jan-12	11,305.5
Feb-12	11,271.8
Mar-12	11,333.3
Apr-12	11,322.3
May-12	11,363.7
Jun-12	11,339.0
Jul-12	11,348.9
Aug-12	11,356.8
Sep-12	11,391.7
Oct-12	11,390.9
Nov-12	11,384.7
Dec-12	11,395.5
Jan-13	11,464.3
Feb-13	11,469.1
Mar-13	11,434.9
Apr-13	11,468.1
May-13	11,457.8
Jun-13	11,470.9
Jul-13	11,457.7
Aug-13	11,453.8
Sep-13	11,476.4
Oct-13	11,470.4
Nov-13	11,448.4
Dec-13	11,417.8
Jan-14	11,455.0
Feb-14	11,481.9
Mar-14	11,531.9
Apr-14	11,538.8
May-14	11,514.0
Jun-14	11,529.8
Jul-14	11,545.4
Aug-14	11,545.1
Sep-14	11,546.4
Oct-14	11,542.2
Nov-14	11,543.8
Dec-14	11,597.3
Jan-15	11,607.9
Feb-15	11,673.3
Mar-15	11,693.7
Apr-15	11,693.3
May-15	11,734.9
Jun-15	11,728.1
Jul-15	11,760.6
Aug-15	11,772.1
Sep-15	11,783.1
Oct-15	11,860.6
Nov-15	11,895.5
Dec-15	11,905.9
Jan-16	11,910.2
Feb-16	11,927.2
Mar-16	11,942.5
Apr-16	11,948.5
May-16	11,944.2
Jun-16	11,963.5
Jul-16	11,996.4
Aug-16	11,971.8
Sep-16	11,952.9
Oct-16	11,986.0
Nov-16	12,011.4
Dec-16	12,036.6
Jan-17	12,055.0
Feb-17	12,058.5
Mar-17	12,119.3
Apr-17	12,169.2
May-17	12,195.0
Jun-17	12,225.6
Jul-17	12,259.4
Aug-17	12,312.6
Sep-17	12,342.7
Oct-17	12,355.9
Nov-17	12,407.8
Dec-17	12,451.9
Jan-18	12,485.1
Feb-18	12,481.3
Mar-18	12,492.9
Apr-18	12,506.1
May-18	12,506.3
Jun-18	12,575.3
Jul-18	12,571.4
Aug-18	12,616.3
Sep-18	12,626.8
Oct-18	12,665.8
Nov-18	12,695.0
Dec-18	12,722.8
Jan-19	12,750.8
Feb-19	12,754.8
Mar-19	12,784.3
Apr-19	12,811.9
May-19	12,851.9
Jun-19	12,854.1
Jul-19	12,879.0
Aug-19	12,921.7
Sep-19	12,930.3
Oct-19	12,906.2
Nov-19	12,936.6
Dec-19	12,968.7
Jan-20	12,980.3
Feb-20	13,000.0
Mar-20	12,997.0
Apr-20	12,389.6
May-20	12,125.4
Jun-20	12,353.2
Jul-20	12,472.4
Aug-20	12,601.5
Sep-20	12,571.9

Employed people, Seasonally adjusted

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Full-time and part-time employment

In seasonally adjusted terms, in September 2020:

Full-time employment decreased by 20,100 to 8,540,300 people, and part-time employment decreased by 9,400 to 4,031,700 people
over the year to September 2020, full-time employment decreased by 301,700 people and part-time employment decreased by 56,700 people

The part-time share of employment was 32.1%, the same as 12 months ago.

Employment-to-population ratio

In seasonally adjusted terms, in September 2020:

the employment-to-population ratio decreased by 0.2 pts to 60.3%, and decreased by 2.4 pts from the same time last year

The employment-to-population ratio provides a measure of employment relative to the size of the population.

Employment-to-population ratio, Seasonally adjusted
	Persons (%)	Males (%)	Females (%)
Sep-10	62.2	68.9	55.6
Oct-10	62.2	68.9	55.6
Nov-10	62.4	69.2	55.8
Dec-10	62.4	69.2	55.8
Jan-11	62.5	69.4	55.8
Feb-11	62.2	69.0	55.6
Mar-11	62.4	69.0	55.9
Apr-11	62.1	68.6	55.8
May-11	62.0	68.5	55.6
Jun-11	62.1	68.5	55.9
Jul-11	62.0	68.4	55.8
Aug-11	62.0	68.4	55.8
Sep-11	62.1	68.4	55.9
Oct-11	62.0	68.3	55.9
Nov-11	61.9	68.4	55.7
Dec-11	61.7	68.3	55.3
Jan-12	62.0	68.6	55.6
Feb-12	61.7	68.2	55.5
Mar-12	62.0	68.1	56.0
Apr-12	61.8	68.2	55.6
May-12	61.9	68.2	55.9
Jun-12	61.7	68.1	55.6
Jul-12	61.7	67.8	55.7
Aug-12	61.6	67.8	55.6
Sep-12	61.7	67.7	55.9
Oct-12	61.7	67.9	55.5
Nov-12	61.5	67.7	55.5
Dec-12	61.5	67.9	55.3
Jan-13	61.8	68.0	55.7
Feb-13	61.7	67.8	55.8
Mar-13	61.4	67.4	55.6
Apr-13	61.5	67.5	55.7
May-13	61.4	67.5	55.4
Jun-13	61.4	67.5	55.4
Jul-13	61.2	67.2	55.4
Aug-13	61.1	67.1	55.3
Sep-13	61.1	67.1	55.4
Oct-13	61.1	67.0	55.3
Nov-13	60.9	66.8	55.1
Dec-13	60.7	66.6	54.9
Jan-14	60.7	66.7	55.0
Feb-14	60.8	66.7	55.1
Mar-14	60.9	66.9	55.2
Apr-14	60.9	66.9	55.1
May-14	60.7	66.6	55.1
Jun-14	60.8	66.6	55.1
Jul-14	60.8	66.6	55.1
Aug-14	60.7	66.6	55.0
Sep-14	60.6	66.4	55.0
Oct-14	60.5	66.4	54.8
Nov-14	60.5	66.6	54.6
Dec-14	60.7	66.6	55.0
Jan-15	60.7	66.5	54.9
Feb-15	60.9	66.8	55.2
Mar-15	60.9	67.0	55.1
Apr-15	60.8	66.7	55.2
May-15	61.0	66.8	55.4
Jun-15	60.9	66.6	55.4
Jul-15	61.0	66.7	55.5
Aug-15	61.0	66.6	55.6
Sep-15	61.0	66.5	55.6
Oct-15	61.3	66.9	55.9
Nov-15	61.4	66.9	56.1
Dec-15	61.4	67.0	56.0
Jan-16	61.3	67.0	55.8
Feb-16	61.3	66.8	56.0
Mar-16	61.3	66.8	55.9
Apr-16	61.2	66.6	56.0
May-16	61.1	66.6	55.9
Jun-16	61.2	66.5	56.0
Jul-16	61.3	66.7	56.0
Aug-16	61.0	66.5	55.8
Sep-16	60.8	66.1	55.7
Oct-16	60.9	66.4	55.7
Nov-16	61.0	66.3	55.8
Dec-16	61.0	66.5	55.8
Jan-17	61.0	66.3	55.9
Feb-17	60.9	66.3	55.7
Mar-17	61.1	66.5	55.9
Apr-17	61.3	66.9	55.9
May-17	61.4	66.7	56.2
Jun-17	61.4	66.6	56.5
Jul-17	61.5	66.8	56.4
Aug-17	61.7	66.9	56.7
Sep-17	61.8	66.9	56.8
Oct-17	61.8	66.9	56.8
Nov-17	62.0	67.1	57.0
Dec-17	62.1	67.1	57.3
Jan-18	62.2	67.4	57.2
Feb-18	62.0	67.1	57.2
Mar-18	62.0	67.0	57.2
Apr-18	62.0	67.0	57.1
May-18	61.9	66.9	57.1
Jun-18	62.2	67.0	57.5
Jul-18	62.1	67.1	57.2
Aug-18	62.2	67.3	57.2
Sep-18	62.1	67.3	57.1
Oct-18	62.3	67.3	57.4
Nov-18	62.3	67.4	57.4
Dec-18	62.4	67.5	57.4
Jan-19	62.4	67.5	57.5
Feb-19	62.3	67.2	57.6
Mar-19	62.4	67.4	57.5
Apr-19	62.4	67.3	57.8
May-19	62.6	67.7	57.7
Jun-19	62.5	67.5	57.7
Jul-19	62.6	67.5	57.8
Aug-19	62.7	67.5	58.0
Sep-19	62.6	67.3	58.1
Oct-19	62.5	67.1	58.0
Nov-19	62.5	67.2	58.0
Dec-19	62.6	67.3	58.2
Jan-20	62.6	67.0	58.3
Feb-20	62.6	67.1	58.2
Mar-20	62.5	67.1	58.0
Apr-20	59.5	64.3	54.9
May-20	58.2	63.1	53.6
Jun-20	59.3	63.9	54.8
Jul-20	59.8	64.4	55.4
Aug-20	60.4	64.8	56.2
Sep-20	60.3	64.6	56.1

Employment-to-population ratio, Seasonally adjusted

["","Persons","Males","Females"]

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Hours worked

In seasonally adjusted terms, in September 2020, monthly hours worked in all jobs:

increased by 8.7 million hours (0.5%) to 1,688 million hours
decreased by 5.0% over the year, which is larger than the 2.8% decrease in employed people

See the article Insights into Hours worked for more.

Monthly hours worked in all jobs, Seasonally adjusted
	Hours worked ( m)	Yearly change ( %)
Sep-10	1,562	3.01
Oct-10	1,568	3.94
Nov-10	1,571	2.78
Dec-10	1,569	2.52
Jan-11	1,581	3.21
Feb-11	1,579	2.78
Mar-11	1,580	3.55
Apr-11	1,559	1.28
May-11	1,572	1.20
Jun-11	1,582	1.77
Jul-11	1,583	2.21
Aug-11	1,584	1.35
Sep-11	1,581	1.21
Oct-11	1,592	1.54
Nov-11	1,585	0.90
Dec-11	1,586	1.10
Jan-12	1,588	0.45
Feb-12	1,585	0.38
Mar-12	1,596	0.96
Apr-12	1,605	2.96
May-12	1,602	1.94
Jun-12	1,577	-0.33
Jul-12	1,588	0.34
Aug-12	1,587	0.20
Sep-12	1,597	1.06
Oct-12	1,584	-0.49
Nov-12	1,599	0.89
Dec-12	1,602	0.98
Jan-13	1,600	0.73
Feb-13	1,602	1.05
Mar-13	1,597	0.07
Apr-13	1,620	0.91
May-13	1,603	0.05
Jun-13	1,604	1.73
Jul-13	1,615	1.71
Aug-13	1,619	2.04
Sep-13	1,608	0.63
Oct-13	1,608	1.54
Nov-13	1,604	0.28
Dec-13	1,604	0.17
Jan-14	1,598	-0.13
Feb-14	1,606	0.22
Mar-14	1,614	1.06
Apr-14	1,595	-1.56
May-14	1,608	0.33
Jun-14	1,616	0.76
Jul-14	1,614	-0.04
Aug-14	1,614	-0.31
Sep-14	1,610	0.15
Oct-14	1,611	0.19
Nov-14	1,611	0.45
Dec-14	1,598	-0.38
Jan-15	1,627	1.83
Feb-15	1,625	1.20
Mar-15	1,634	1.29
Apr-15	1,649	3.44
May-15	1,632	1.48
Jun-15	1,631	0.93
Jul-15	1,638	1.49
Aug-15	1,636	1.37
Sep-15	1,648	2.37
Oct-15	1,653	2.58
Nov-15	1,653	2.65
Dec-15	1,650	3.27
Jan-16	1,660	2.02
Feb-16	1,662	2.28
Mar-16	1,654	1.20
Apr-16	1,647	-0.16
May-16	1,660	1.71
Jun-16	1,656	1.50
Jul-16	1,660	1.31
Aug-16	1,662	1.59
Sep-16	1,659	0.64
Oct-16	1,664	0.68
Nov-16	1,666	0.74
Dec-16	1,672	1.33
Jan-17	1,692	1.94
Feb-17	1,660	-0.12
Mar-17	1,676	1.34
Apr-17	1,688	2.51
May-17	1,707	2.82
Jun-17	1,703	2.89
Jul-17	1,696	2.19
Aug-17	1,702	2.40
Sep-17	1,710	3.12
Oct-17	1,714	3.00
Nov-17	1,727	3.67
Dec-17	1,720	2.84
Jan-18	1,698	0.35
Feb-18	1,721	3.68
Mar-18	1,724	2.86
Apr-18	1,759	4.22
May-18	1,727	1.16
Jun-18	1,738	2.05
Jul-18	1,741	2.64
Aug-18	1,743	2.40
Sep-18	1,749	2.25
Oct-18	1,755	2.40
Nov-18	1,753	1.51
Dec-18	1,751	1.79
Jan-19	1,762	3.78
Feb-19	1,764	2.47
Mar-19	1,775	2.97
Apr-19	1,766	0.36
May-19	1,762	2.00
Jun-19	1,762	1.35
Jul-19	1,770	1.65
Aug-19	1,773	1.74
Sep-19	1,777	1.62
Oct-19	1,772	0.95
Nov-19	1,774	1.18
Dec-19	1,780	1.69
Jan-20	1,769	0.34
Feb-20	1,764	0.01
Mar-20	1,779	0.20
Apr-20	1,610	-8.82
May-20	1,593	-9.55
Jun-20	1,660	-5.80
Jul-20	1,681	-5.02
Aug-20	1,680	-5.29
Sep-20	1,688	-5.00

Monthly hours worked in all jobs, Seasonally adjusted

["","Hours worked","Yearly change"]

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[]

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Participation

In seasonally adjusted terms, in September 2020, the participation rate:

decreased by 0.1 pts to 64.8%, and decreased 1.3 pts over the year to September 2020
decreased by 0.1 pts for men (to 69.6%) and decreased by 0.1 pts for women (to 60.1%)

Participation rate, Seasonally adjusted
	Persons (%)	Males (%)	Females (%)
Sep-10	65.5	72.5	58.7
Oct-10	65.7	72.6	58.9
Nov-10	65.8	72.7	59.1
Dec-10	65.6	72.6	58.8
Jan-11	65.8	72.8	58.9
Feb-11	65.5	72.5	58.7
Mar-11	65.6	72.4	59.0
Apr-11	65.4	72.2	58.7
May-11	65.3	72.0	58.7
Jun-11	65.3	71.9	58.9
Jul-11	65.4	72.0	59.0
Aug-11	65.4	72.1	58.9
Sep-11	65.5	72.1	59.1
Oct-11	65.4	72.1	58.9
Nov-11	65.4	72.0	58.9
Dec-11	65.1	71.8	58.6
Jan-12	65.3	72.2	58.7
Feb-12	65.1	71.8	58.6
Mar-12	65.3	71.8	59.1
Apr-12	65.1	71.7	58.6
May-12	65.3	71.8	59.1
Jun-12	65.1	71.6	58.8
Jul-12	65.1	71.5	58.8
Aug-12	65.0	71.6	58.6
Sep-12	65.3	71.8	59.0
Oct-12	65.2	71.8	58.8
Nov-12	64.9	71.5	58.6
Dec-12	65.0	71.7	58.6
Jan-13	65.3	71.9	58.8
Feb-13	65.2	71.7	59.0
Mar-13	65.1	71.5	58.8
Apr-13	65.2	71.5	59.0
May-13	65.0	71.5	58.7
Jun-13	65.1	71.6	58.7
Jul-13	64.9	71.3	58.7
Aug-13	64.9	71.3	58.7
Sep-13	64.8	71.2	58.7
Oct-13	64.8	71.2	58.7
Nov-13	64.6	71.0	58.4
Dec-13	64.5	70.9	58.2
Jan-14	64.6	70.9	58.5
Feb-14	64.6	70.8	58.6
Mar-14	64.7	70.9	58.8
Apr-14	64.7	71.0	58.5
May-14	64.6	70.7	58.6
Jun-14	64.7	70.9	58.7
Jul-14	64.8	71.0	58.7
Aug-14	64.6	70.9	58.6
Sep-14	64.6	70.7	58.8
Oct-14	64.7	70.8	58.7
Nov-14	64.5	71.1	58.2
Dec-14	64.6	70.9	58.6
Jan-15	64.8	71.1	58.6
Feb-15	64.9	71.2	58.8
Mar-15	64.9	71.3	58.6
Apr-15	64.8	71.1	58.7
May-15	64.9	71.0	58.9
Jun-15	64.8	70.8	59.0
Jul-15	65.1	71.0	59.3
Aug-15	64.9	70.9	59.1
Sep-15	65.0	70.9	59.2
Oct-15	65.2	71.1	59.4
Nov-15	65.2	70.9	59.7
Dec-15	65.1	71.0	59.5
Jan-16	65.2	71.3	59.4
Feb-16	65.0	70.7	59.4
Mar-16	64.9	70.8	59.3
Apr-16	64.9	70.6	59.4
May-16	64.9	70.6	59.3
Jun-16	64.9	70.4	59.6
Jul-16	64.9	70.6	59.5
Aug-16	64.7	70.4	59.1
Sep-16	64.5	70.1	59.1
Oct-16	64.5	70.3	59.0
Nov-16	64.7	70.3	59.3
Dec-16	64.8	70.6	59.3
Jan-17	64.7	70.2	59.4
Feb-17	64.7	70.4	59.2
Mar-17	64.9	70.5	59.5
Apr-17	64.9	70.7	59.4
May-17	65.0	70.6	59.6
Jun-17	65.1	70.5	59.8
Jul-17	65.2	70.7	59.8
Aug-17	65.3	70.8	60.0
Sep-17	65.3	70.7	60.1
Oct-17	65.3	70.6	60.1
Nov-17	65.5	70.9	60.3
Dec-17	65.8	71.2	60.6
Jan-18	65.8	71.2	60.5
Feb-18	65.7	71.0	60.6
Mar-18	65.6	70.8	60.5
Apr-18	65.6	70.9	60.5
May-18	65.4	70.7	60.4
Jun-18	65.7	70.9	60.6
Jul-18	65.5	70.9	60.3
Aug-18	65.6	71.0	60.4
Sep-18	65.4	70.7	60.3
Oct-18	65.5	70.8	60.4
Nov-18	65.7	71.0	60.5
Dec-18	65.7	71.0	60.5
Jan-19	65.7	71.0	60.7
Feb-19	65.6	70.7	60.6
Mar-19	65.7	71.0	60.6
Apr-19	65.9	71.0	60.9
May-19	66.0	71.5	60.8
Jun-19	66.0	71.2	60.9
Jul-19	66.0	71.2	61.0
Aug-19	66.2	71.3	61.2
Sep-19	66.1	71.1	61.2
Oct-19	66.0	70.9	61.2
Nov-19	65.9	70.9	61.1
Dec-19	66.0	71.0	61.1
Jan-20	66.1	70.8	61.5
Feb-20	65.9	70.8	61.3
Mar-20	65.9	70.8	61.2
Apr-20	63.6	68.9	58.4
May-20	62.7	68.0	57.5
Jun-20	64.1	69.1	59.2
Jul-20	64.7	69.6	59.9
Aug-20	64.9	69.7	60.2
Sep-20	64.8	69.6	60.1

Participation rate, Seasonally adjusted

["","Persons","Males","Females"]

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Underemployment

In seasonally adjusted terms, in September 2020:

the underemployment rate increased by 0.1 pts to 11.4% (3.0 pts higher than a year ago)

the underutilisation rate increased by 0.2 pts to 18.3%

Underemployment rate, Seasonally adjusted
	Persons (%)	Males (%)	Females (%)
Sep-10	7.1	5.6	8.9
Oct-10	7.0	5.5	8.9
Nov-10	6.9	5.5	8.6
Dec-10	7.0	5.3	8.9
Jan-11	6.8	5.1	8.9
Feb-11	6.9	5.1	9.0
Mar-11	6.9	5.2	9.0
Apr-11	7.0	5.4	8.9
May-11	7.1	5.5	8.9
Jun-11	7.0	5.4	8.8
Jul-11	6.8	5.1	8.8
Aug-11	6.7	5.0	8.8
Sep-11	6.8	5.0	8.9
Oct-11	6.9	5.2	9.0
Nov-11	7.1	5.3	9.1
Dec-11	7.1	5.4	9.2
Jan-12	7.2	5.5	9.1
Feb-12	7.3	5.7	9.1
Mar-12	7.2	5.6	9.1
Apr-12	7.3	5.5	9.4
May-12	7.4	5.5	9.6
Jun-12	7.2	5.4	9.3
Jul-12	7.1	5.2	9.2
Aug-12	6.9	5.1	9.0
Sep-12	6.8	5.1	8.9
Oct-12	7.0	5.2	9.1
Nov-12	7.0	5.3	9.1
Dec-12	7.0	5.3	9.0
Jan-13	7.0	5.3	8.9
Feb-13	7.1	5.4	9.0
Mar-13	7.2	5.5	9.3
Apr-13	7.2	5.5	9.2
May-13	7.5	5.8	9.5
Jun-13	7.5	5.9	9.5
Jul-13	7.4	5.6	9.5
Aug-13	7.6	5.8	9.7
Sep-13	7.4	5.7	9.5
Oct-13	7.5	5.8	9.5
Nov-13	7.5	5.7	9.6
Dec-13	7.5	5.8	9.5
Jan-14	7.3	5.7	9.3
Feb-14	7.5	5.7	9.6
Mar-14	7.5	5.7	9.7
Apr-14	7.7	5.7	9.9
May-14	7.8	5.9	9.9
Jun-14	7.9	6.0	10.2
Jul-14	8.3	6.3	10.6
Aug-14	8.4	6.4	10.7
Sep-14	8.8	6.9	11.1
Oct-14	8.2	6.3	10.4
Nov-14	8.6	6.7	10.9
Dec-14	8.4	6.5	10.7
Jan-15	8.5	6.5	10.9
Feb-15	8.5	6.4	11.0
Mar-15	8.2	5.9	10.8
Apr-15	8.3	6.4	10.6
May-15	8.4	6.4	10.7
Jun-15	8.4	6.5	10.6
Jul-15	8.6	6.8	10.7
Aug-15	8.4	6.4	10.8
Sep-15	8.8	6.8	11.2
Oct-15	8.7	6.7	11.0
Nov-15	8.6	6.7	10.8
Dec-15	8.5	6.3	10.9
Jan-16	8.5	6.6	10.7
Feb-16	8.4	6.5	10.5
Mar-16	8.4	6.6	10.5
Apr-16	8.6	7.1	10.4
May-16	8.3	6.7	10.2
Jun-16	8.8	7.0	10.8
Jul-16	9.0	7.0	11.3
Aug-16	8.8	7.1	10.7
Sep-16	8.7	6.9	10.8
Oct-16	8.5	6.8	10.5
Nov-16	8.5	6.7	10.6
Dec-16	8.6	6.8	10.7
Jan-17	8.8	6.9	11.0
Feb-17	9.0	6.9	11.5
Mar-17	8.6	6.8	10.7
Apr-17	8.8	6.7	11.1
May-17	8.7	6.8	10.8
Jun-17	8.4	6.6	10.5
Jul-17	8.5	6.8	10.5
Aug-17	8.6	6.8	10.6
Sep-17	8.5	6.7	10.6
Oct-17	8.5	6.6	10.6
Nov-17	8.5	6.7	10.6
Dec-17	8.5	6.5	10.8
Jan-18	8.7	7.0	10.6
Feb-18	8.5	6.6	10.7
Mar-18	8.6	6.6	10.9
Apr-18	8.5	6.4	10.8
May-18	8.4	6.4	10.7
Jun-18	8.6	6.6	10.9
Jul-18	8.5	6.3	10.9
Aug-18	8.2	6.0	10.6
Sep-18	8.3	6.3	10.6
Oct-18	8.3	6.2	10.6
Nov-18	8.5	6.6	10.7
Dec-18	8.3	6.5	10.4
Jan-19	8.1	6.2	10.3
Feb-19	8.1	6.2	10.2
Mar-19	8.3	6.5	10.3
Apr-19	8.5	6.9	10.3
May-19	8.5	6.8	10.5
Jun-19	8.2	6.6	10.0
Jul-19	8.4	6.7	10.4
Aug-19	8.5	6.9	10.3
Sep-19	8.3	6.8	10.1
Oct-19	8.5	6.7	10.5
Nov-19	8.3	6.7	10.2
Dec-19	8.2	6.6	10.1
Jan-20	8.6	6.7	10.7
Feb-20	8.6	6.6	10.9
Mar-20	8.8	7.2	10.6
Apr-20	13.8	12.6	15.0
May-20	13.1	12.2	14.1
Jun-20	11.7	10.9	12.6
Jul-20	11.2	10.3	12.2
Aug-20	11.3	10.5	12.1
Sep-20	11.4	10.7	12.1

Underemployment rate, Seasonally adjusted

["","Persons","Males","Females"]

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States and territories

September 2020, Seasonally adjusted
	New South Wales	Victoria	Queensland	South Australia	Western Australia	Tasmania	Northern Territory	Australian Capital Territory	Australia
Employed persons	4,028,200	3,224,700	2,518,000	843,700	1,352,800	252,000	125,500	239,800	12,571,900
Employed persons - monthly change	0.1%	-1.1%	1.3%	1.0%	0.2%	-1.0%	-5.1%	-0.3%	-0.2%
Employment to population ratio	60.7%	58.8%	60.4%	58.0%	63.2%	56.4%	66.7%	70.0%	60.3%
Employment to population ratio - monthly change	0.0 pts	-0.7 pts	0.7 pts	0.6 pts	0.1 pts	-0.6 pts	-3.6 pts	-0.2 pts	-0.2 pts
Unemployment rate	7.2%	6.7%	7.7%	7.1%	6.7%	7.6%	4.8%	3.8%	6.9%
Unemployment rate - monthly change	0.5 pts	-0.5 pts	0.3 pts	-1.0 pts	-0.4 pts	1.3 pts	0.6 pts	-0.2 pts	0.1 pts
Underemployment rate	10.2%	14.9%	10.7%	11.1%	9.3%	10.8%	6.4%	6.7%	11.4%
Underemployment rate - monthly change	0.2 pts	1.2 pts	1.0 pts	-0.3 pts	-0.3 pts	-1.1 pts	-2.0 pts	1.5 pts	0.1 pts
Participation rate	65.4%	63.0%	65.5%	62.5%	67.7%	61.1%	70.0%	72.7%	64.8%
Participation rate - monthly change	0.4 pts	-1.0 pts	1.0 pts	-0.1 pts	-0.1 pts	0.2 pts	-3.3 pts	-0.4 pts	-0.1 pts

Rotation group analysis

Sample composition and rotation

Estimates for the incoming and outgoing rotation groups

Incoming and outgoing rotation groups
	August outgoing rotation group	September incoming rotation group	September outgoing rotation group	September estimate (Original)
Employment to population ratio	59.3%	60.4%	60.5%	60.2%
Full-time employement to population ratio	40.7%	41.1%	41.8%	40.8%
Unemployment rate	6.5%	7.8%	6.2%	6.8%
Participation rate	63.4%	65.5%	64.5%	64.6%

States and territories

Managing COVID-19 impacts on the incoming rotation groups

Comparability with seasonally adjusted data

Contribution from sample components to estimates

Data files

Download xls [98 KB]

Data downloads

Labour Force Survey results are released in two stages, with additional spreadsheets published in Labour Force, Australia, Detailed one week after this first release. See the Survey output section of Labour Force, Australia methodology for more information.

Labour force status

Table 1. Labour force status by Sex, Australia - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Data files

Download xls [6.91 MB]

Table 4. Labour force status by Sex, New South Wales - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Data files

Download xls [4.23 MB]

Table 5. Labour force status by Sex, Victoria - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Data files

Download xls [4.25 MB]

Table 6. Labour force status by Sex, Queensland - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Data files

Download xls [4.27 MB]

Table 7. Labour force status by Sex, South Australia - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Data files

Download xls [4.28 MB]

Table 8. Labour force status by Sex, Western Australia - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Data files

Download xls [4.28 MB]

Table 9. Labour force status by Sex, Tasmania - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Data files

Download xls [4.48 MB]

Table 10. Labour force status by Sex, Northern Territory - Trend and Original

Data files

Download xls [5.1 MB]

Table 10a. Labour force status by Sex, Northern Territory - Seasonally adjusted

Data files

Download xls [276 KB]

Table 11. Labour force status by Sex, Australian Capital Territory - Trend and Original

Data files

Download xls [4.41 MB]

Table 11a. Labour force status by Sex, Australian Capital Territory - Seasonally adjusted

Data files

Download xls [276 KB]

Table 12. Labour force status by Sex, State and Territory - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Data files

Download xls [41.69 MB]

Table 12a. Labour force status by Sex, Territory - Seasonally adjusted

Data files

Download xls [480.5 KB]

Table 13. Labour force status for 15-24 year olds by Sex - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Data files

Download xls [6.91 MB]

Table 15. Labour force status for 15-24 year olds by Educational attendance (full-time) and Sex

Data files

Download xls [1.59 MB]

Table 16. Labour force status for 15-24 year olds by State, Territory and Educational attendance (full-time)

Data files

Download xls [8.45 MB]

Table 17. Labour force status for 15-19 year olds by Sex - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Data files

Download xls [5.3 MB]

Table 18. Labour force status for 15-64 year olds by Sex - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Data files

Download xls [6.9 MB]

Hours worked

Table 19. Monthly hours worked in all jobs by Employed full-time, part-time and Sex and by State and Territory - Trend and Seasonally adjusted

Data files

Download xls [3.07 MB]

Table 19a. Monthly hours worked in all jobs by Employed full-time, part-time and Sex and Territory - Seasonally adjusted

Data files

Download xls [94.5 KB]

Table 21. Quarterly hours worked in all jobs by Market and Non-market sector - Seasonally adjusted

Data files

Download xls [82.5 KB]

Underemployment and underutilisation

Table 22. Underutilised persons by Age and Sex - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Data files

Download xls [45.75 MB]

Table 23. Underutilised persons by State and Territory and Sex - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Data files

Download xls [61.85 MB]

Table 23a. Underutilised persons by Territory and Sex - Seasonally adjusted

Data files

Download xls [715.5 KB]

Table 24. Underutilised persons by Age and Sex (expanded analytical series)

Data files

Download xls [774.5 KB]

Table 25. Underutilised persons by State, Territory and Sex (expanded analytical series)

Data files

Download xls [645.5 KB]

APA

Labour Force, Australia

APA

Key statistics

Survey impacts and changes

Managing the impact of COVID-19 on labour force statistics

Survey response and timeline

New ABS website and changes to Labour Force Survey publications

Continued suspension of trend estimates

Treatment of people on JobKeeper, JobSeeker or stood down

1. People paid through the JobKeeper wage subsidy: employed

2. People in receipt of the JobSeeker payment: it depends on their labour market activity

3. People not working any hours, including those who were stood down: it depends on their job attachment and pay, and potentially other labour market activity

Articles

Unemployment

Employment

Full-time and part-time employment

Employment-to-population ratio

Hours worked

Participation

Underemployment

States and territories

Rotation group analysis

Sample composition and rotation

Estimates for the incoming and outgoing rotation groups

States and territories

Managing COVID-19 impacts on the incoming rotation groups

Comparability with seasonally adjusted data

Contribution from sample components to estimates

Data downloads

Labour force status

Table 1. Labour force status by Sex, Australia - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 4. Labour force status by Sex, New South Wales - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 5. Labour force status by Sex, Victoria - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 6. Labour force status by Sex, Queensland - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 7. Labour force status by Sex, South Australia - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 8. Labour force status by Sex, Western Australia - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 9. Labour force status by Sex, Tasmania - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 10. Labour force status by Sex, Northern Territory - Trend and Original

Table 10a. Labour force status by Sex, Northern Territory - Seasonally adjusted

Table 11. Labour force status by Sex, Australian Capital Territory - Trend and Original

Table 11a. Labour force status by Sex, Australian Capital Territory - Seasonally adjusted

Table 12. Labour force status by Sex, State and Territory - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 12a. Labour force status by Sex, Territory - Seasonally adjusted

Table 13. Labour force status for 15-24 year olds by Sex - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 15. Labour force status for 15-24 year olds by Educational attendance (full-time) and Sex

Table 16. Labour force status for 15-24 year olds by State, Territory and Educational attendance (full-time)

Table 17. Labour force status for 15-19 year olds by Sex - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 18. Labour force status for 15-64 year olds by Sex - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Hours worked

Table 19. Monthly hours worked in all jobs by Employed full-time, part-time and Sex and by State and Territory - Trend and Seasonally adjusted

Table 19a. Monthly hours worked in all jobs by Employed full-time, part-time and Sex and Territory - Seasonally adjusted

Table 21. Quarterly hours worked in all jobs by Market and Non-market sector - Seasonally adjusted

Underemployment and underutilisation

Table 22. Underutilised persons by Age and Sex - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 23. Underutilised persons by State and Territory and Sex - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 23a. Underutilised persons by Territory and Sex - Seasonally adjusted

Table 24. Underutilised persons by Age and Sex (expanded analytical series)

Table 25. Underutilised persons by State, Territory and Sex (expanded analytical series)

Flows into and out of employment

GM1 - Labour force status and Gross changes (flows) by Age, Sex, State and Territory, February 1991 onwards

All time series spreadsheets

All Time Series Spreadsheets

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Understanding the labour force

Employment and jobs

Unemployment and underemployment

Hours worked

Regional estimates

LFS content and output

Methodology

Methodology

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Insights into hours worked, September 2020

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Employment falls by 30,000 people in September

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