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Labour Force, Australia

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Headline estimates of employment, unemployment, underemployment, participation and hours worked from the monthly Labour Force Survey

Reference period
November 2022
Released
15/12/2022

Key statistics

In trend terms, in November 2022:

  • unemployment rate remained at 3.5%.
  • participation rate remained at 66.7%.
  • employment increased to 13,752,800.
  • employment to population ratio remained at 64.4%.
  • underemployment rate remained at 5.9%.
  • monthly hours worked increased to 1,890 million.

In seasonally adjusted terms, in November 2022:

  • unemployment rate remained at 3.4%.
  • participation rate increased to 66.8%.
  • employment increased to 13,769,400.
  • employment to population ratio increased to 64.5%.
  • underemployment rate decreased to 5.8%.
  • monthly hours worked decreased to 1,901 million.
  • full-time employment increased by 34,200 to 9,601,500 people.
  • part-time employment increased by 29,800 to 4,167,800 people.
Key statistics - Trend
Oct-2022Nov-2022Monthly changeMonthly change (%)Yearly changeYearly change (%)
Employed people13,720,20013,752,80032,6000.2%498,3003.8%
Unemployed people492,600492,8002000.0%-135,700-21.6%
Unemployment rate3.5%3.5%0.0 ptsna-1.1 ptsna
Underemployment rate5.9%5.9%0.0 ptsna-1.2 ptsna
Participation rate66.7%66.7%0.0 ptsna0.4 ptsna
Monthly hours worked in all jobs 1,882 million 1,890 million8 million0.4%82 million4.5%
Key statistics - Seasonally adjusted
Oct-2022Nov-2022Monthly changeMonthly change (%)Yearly changeYearly change (%)
Employed people13,705,40013,769,40064,0000.5%553,7004.2%
Unemployed people484,300491,7007,4001.5%-143,900-22.6%
Unemployment rate3.4%3.4%0.0 ptsna-1.1 ptsna
Underemployment rate6.0%5.8%-0.1 ptsna-1.6 ptsna
Participation rate66.6%66.8%0.2 ptsna0.6 ptsna
Monthly hours worked in all jobs 1,910 million 1,901 million-9 million-0.4%97 million5.4%

Estimates of changes throughout this release are calculated using un-rounded level estimates and may be different from, but are more accurate than, movements obtained from the rounded level estimates.

Survey impacts and changes

Guide to labour statistics

To learn more about our different labour measures, their purpose and how to use them, see our new Guide to labour statistics. It provides summary information on key labour market topics including Industry employment data.

Articles and other information

Labour Force estimates have been rebenchmarked to the 2021 Census-based ERP (estimated resident population), resulting in revisions to Labour Force estimates from July 2016 onwards. Revisions at the Australia-level are minimal, and have been summarised in an article in this release.

The ABS has again included more detailed information given the interest in understanding COVID-related impacts on hours worked, and historical comparisons with the labour market before the monthly Labour Force Survey commenced in 1978.

This detailed information can be found in:

For a list of previously published LFS articles, see the Article archive.

The ABS is also continuing to include data cubes EM2a and EM2b in this release. These two data cubes are usually only released in Labour Force, Australia, Detailed, but will continue to be released in the headline release over the coming months.

Additional spreadsheets and pivot tables are published in Labour Force, Australia, Detailed one week after this release, while longitudinal labour force microdata are released in the ABS DataLab, on 22 December 2022 (see Microdata: Longitudinal Labour Force, Australia).

Major rebenchmarking of labour force estimates

Survey response and timeline

Unemployment

In trend terms, in November 2022:

  • unemployment rate remained at 3.5%.
  • unemployed people increased by 200 to 492,800. 
  • youth unemployment rate remained at 7.7%.

Large month-to-month changes occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in multiple trend breaks. The ABS recommends caution when using trend estimates published in spreadsheets in this release for this period. Information on trend breaks can be found in Labour Force, Australia methodology, November 2022.

Employment

In trend terms, in November 2022, employment increased by 32,600 people (0.2%) to 13,752,800 people.

Flows into and out of employment

Large month-to-month changes occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in multiple trend breaks. The ABS recommends caution when using trend estimates published in spreadsheets in this release for this period. Information on trend breaks can be found in Labour Force, Australia methodology, November 2022.

Full-time and part-time employment

In trend terms, in November 2022:

  • full-time employment increased by 26,400 to 9,588,800 people, and part-time employment increased by 6,300 to 4,164,000 people.
  • part-time share of employment was 30.3%.

 

Employment-to-population ratio

In trend terms, in November 2022, the employment-to-population ratio remained at 64.4%.

The employment-to-population ratio provides a measure of employment relative to the size of the population.

Large month-to-month changes occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in multiple trend breaks. The ABS recommends caution when using trend estimates published in spreadsheets in this release for this period. Information on trend breaks can be found in Labour Force, Australia methodology, November 2022.

Hours worked

In trend terms, in November 2022, monthly hours worked in all jobs increased by 8.1 million hours (0.4%) to 1,890 million hours.

See the article Insights into hours worked for more.

Large month-to-month changes occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in multiple trend breaks. The ABS recommends caution when using trend estimates published in spreadsheets in this release for this period. Information on trend breaks can be found in Labour Force, Australia methodology, November 2022.

Participation

In trend terms, in November 2022, the participation rate:

  • remained at 66.7%.

  • increased to 71.3% for men and remained at 62.3% for women.

Large month-to-month changes occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in multiple trend breaks. The ABS recommends caution when using trend estimates published in spreadsheets in this release for this period. Information on trend breaks can be found in Labour Force, Australia methodology, November 2022.

Underemployment

In trend terms, in November 2022:

  • underemployment rate remained at 5.9%.
  • underutilisation rate decreased to 9.3%.

Large month-to-month changes occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in multiple trend breaks. The ABS recommends caution when using trend estimates published in spreadsheets in this release for this period. A list of trend breaks can be found in Labour Force, Australia methodology, November 2022.

States and Territories

November 2022 - Trend
New South WalesVictoriaQueenslandSouth AustraliaWestern AustraliaTasmaniaNorthern TerritoryAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
Employed people4,307,4003,526,4002,792,000921,6001,516,100290,000140,600258,60013,752,800
Employed people - monthly change0.5%0.3%0.1%0.3%0.1%0.5%0.4%0.3%0.2%
Employment to population ratio64.4%64.6%64.0%60.9%66.7%60.4%70.8%69.9%64.4%
Employment to population ratio - monthly change0.2 pts0.1 pts-0.1 pts0.1 pts-0.1 pts0.2 pts0.0 pts0.1 pts0.0 pts
Unemployment rate3.2%3.6%3.3%4.1%3.5%4.0%3.8%2.9%3.5%
Unemployment rate - monthly change0.0 pts0.0 pts0.0 pts0.0 pts0.0 pts0.0 pts0.0 pts0.0 pts0.0 pts
Underemployment rate5.4%5.7%6.6%6.7%5.6%6.7%5.2%4.7%5.9%
Underemployment rate - monthly change-0.1 pts0.0 pts0.0 pts0.1 pts-0.1 pts0.0 pts0.0 pts0.1 pts0.0 pts
Participation rate66.5%67.0%66.2%63.5%69.1%62.9%73.6%72.1%66.7%
Participation rate - monthly change0.2 pts0.1 pts-0.1 pts0.1 pts0.0 pts0.2 pts0.0 pts0.1 pts0.0 pts
November 2022 - Seasonally adjusted
New South WalesVictoriaQueenslandSouth AustraliaWestern AustraliaTasmaniaNorthern TerritoryAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
Employed people4,322,9003,532,5002,790,100920,3001,511,500292,000144,000258,60013,769,400
Employed people - monthly change0.7%0.9%0.1%-0.1%0.5%1.4%2.4%-1.0%0.5%
Employment to population ratio64.6%64.7%64.0%60.8%66.5%60.8%72.7%69.8%64.5%
Employment to population ratio - monthly change0.3 pts0.4 pts0.0 pts-0.2 pts0.2 pts0.7 pts1.7 pts-0.8 pts0.2 pts
Unemployment rate3.2%3.7%3.3%4.1%3.5%3.5%3.3%2.5%3.4%
Unemployment rate - monthly change0.2 pts0.0 pts0.0 pts-0.1 pts-0.1 pts-0.4 pts-0.5 pts-0.6 pts0.0 pts
Underemployment rate5.2%5.7%6.6%6.8%5.5%6.8%4.4%4.5%5.8%
Underemployment rate - monthly change-0.3 pts0.0 pts-0.1 pts0.3 pts-0.1 pts0.1 pts-0.6 pts0.0 pts-0.1 pts
Participation rate66.7%67.1%66.2%63.4%68.9%63.0%75.2%71.6%66.8%
Participation rate - monthly change0.5 pts0.4 pts0.0 pts-0.2 pts0.2 pts0.5 pts1.4 pts-1.3 pts0.2 pts

Rotation group analysis

Sample composition and rotation

Estimates for the incoming and outgoing rotation groups

States and Territories

Comparability with seasonally adjusted and trend data

Contribution from sample components to estimates

Data downloads

Labour Force Survey results are released in three stages.

  1. Spreadsheets of the headline indicators are published in this release
  2. Additional, more detailed spreadsheets and pivot tables are published in Labour Force, Australia, Detailed one week after this first release
  3. Longitudinal labour force microdata are released in the ABS DataLab on a monthly basis, one day after the detailed release (see Microdata: Longitudinal Labour Force, Australia)

See the Survey output section of Labour Force, Australia methodology for more information.

Labour Force status

Data files

Hours worked

Data files

Underemployment and underutilisation

Data files

Flows into and out of employment

GM1 - Labour force status and Gross changes (flows) by Age, Sex, State and Territory, February 1991 onwards

All time series spreadsheets

All time series spreadsheets


 

Data Explorer datasets

Caution: Data in the Data Explorer is currently released after the 11:30am release on the ABS website. Please check the time period when using Data Explorer.

For information on Data Explorer and how it works, see the Data Explorer user guide.

Labour force status by Sex, State and Territory - Number of people employed, unemployed and not in the labour force, monthly, February 1978 and onwards

Article archive

Employment and jobs

Unemployment and underemployment

Hours worked

Previous catalogue number

This release previously used catalogue number 6202.0.

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