Labour Force, Australia, December 2022

In seasonally adjusted terms, in December 2022:

unemployment rate remained at 3.5%.
participation rate decreased to 66.6%.
employment decreased to 13,747,100.
employment to population ratio decreased to 64.3%.
underemployment rate increased to 6.1%.
monthly hours worked decreased to 1,888 million.
full-time employment increased by 17,600 to 9,619,000 people.
part-time employment decreased by 32,200 to 4,128,100 people.

Key statistics - Trend
	Nov-2022	Dec-2022	Monthly change	Monthly change (%)	Yearly change	Yearly change (%)
Employed people	13,738,700	13,765,200	26,500	0.2%	469,700	3.5%
Unemployed people	492,600	494,200	1,600	0.3%	-100,600	-16.9%
Unemployment rate	3.5%	3.5%	0.0 pts	na	-0.8 pts	na
Underemployment rate	6.0%	6.0%	0.0 pts	na	-0.6 pts	na
Participation rate	66.7%	66.7%	0.0 pts	na	0.4 pts	na
Monthly hours worked in all jobs	1,886 million	1,890 million	5 million	0.3%	72 million	4.0%

Key statistics - Seasonally adjusted
	Nov-2022	Dec-2022	Monthly change	Monthly change (%)	Yearly change	Yearly change (%)
Employed people	13,761,700	13,747,100	-14,600	-0.1%	452,000	3.4%
Unemployed people	494,000	499,800	5,800	1.2%	-77,900	-13.5%
Unemployment rate	3.5%	3.5%	0.0 pts	na	-0.7 pts	na
Underemployment rate	5.8%	6.1%	0.2 pts	na	-0.5 pts	na
Participation rate	66.8%	66.6%	-0.2 pts	na	0.4 pts	na
Monthly hours worked in all jobs	1,897 million	1,888 million	-9 million	-0.5%	59 million	3.2%

Estimates of changes throughout this release are calculated using un-rounded level estimates and may be different from, but are more accurate than, movements obtained from the rounded level estimates.

Survey impacts and changes

Guide to labour statistics

To learn more about our different labour measures, their purpose and how to use them, see our new Guide to labour statistics. It provides summary information on key labour market topics including Industry employment data.

Labour Force, Australia, Detailed to be released on 25 January 2023

Due to the Australia Day public holiday on 26 January 2023, the Labour Force, Australia, Detailed publication will be released on Wednesday 25 January 2023.

Articles and other information

The ABS has again included more detailed information given the interest in understanding COVID-related impacts on hours worked, and historical comparisons with the labour market before the monthly Labour Force Survey commenced in 1978.

This detailed information can be found in:

For a list of previously published LFS articles, see the Article archive.

The ABS is also continuing to include data cubes EM2a and EM2b in this release. These two data cubes are usually only released in Labour Force, Australia, Detailed, but will continue to be released in the headline release over the coming months.

Additional spreadsheets and pivot tables are published in Labour Force, Australia, Detailed one week after this release, while longitudinal labour force microdata are released in the ABS DataLab, on 27 January 2023 (see Microdata: Longitudinal Labour Force, Australia).

Survey response and timeline

Reference and Enumeration Dates
Publication	Start of Reference Week	End of Reference Week	Start of Enumeration	End of Enumeration
Nov-22	30th October 2022	12th November 2022	6th November 2022	26th November 2022
Dec-22	27th November 2022	10th December 2022	4th December 2022	22nd December 2022
Jan-23	1st January 2023	14th January 2023	8th January 2023	28th January 2023
Feb-23	29th January 2023	11th February 2023	5th February 2023	25th February 2023
Mar-23	26th February 2023	11th March 2023	5th March 2023	25th March 2023
Apr-23	2nd April 2023	15th April 2023	9th April 2023	29th April 2023

Unemployment

In trend terms, in December 2022:

unemployment rate remained at 3.5%.
unemployed people increased by 1,600 to 494,200.
youth unemployment rate decreased to 7.6%.

Unemployment rate
	Trend (%)	Seasonally adjusted (%)
Dec-12	5.4	5.4
Jan-13	5.4	5.4
Feb-13	5.5	5.4
Mar-13	5.6	5.6
Apr-13	5.6	5.6
May-13	5.6	5.6
Jun-13	5.7	5.7
Jul-13	5.7	5.6
Aug-13	5.7	5.8
Sep-13	5.8	5.7
Oct-13	5.8	5.8
Nov-13	5.8	5.8
Dec-13	5.9	5.9
Jan-14	5.9	5.9
Feb-14	5.8	5.9
Mar-14	5.8	5.9
Apr-14	5.9	5.8
May-14	5.9	5.9
Jun-14	6.0	6.0
Jul-14	6.1	6.2
Aug-14	6.2	6.1
Sep-14	6.3	6.2
Oct-14	6.3	6.4
Nov-14	6.3	6.3
Dec-14	6.3	6.1
Jan-15	6.2	6.3
Feb-15	6.2	6.1
Mar-15	6.1	6.1
Apr-15	6.1	6.1
May-15	6.1	5.9
Jun-15	6.1	6.0
Jul-15	6.1	6.3
Aug-15	6.0	6.1
Sep-15	6.0	6.2
Oct-15	5.9	5.9
Nov-15	5.9	5.9
Dec-15	5.8	5.7
Jan-16	5.8	6.0
Feb-16	5.7	5.7
Mar-16	5.7	5.6
Apr-16	5.7	5.6
May-16	5.6	5.7
Jun-16	5.6	5.7
Jul-16	5.6	5.7
Aug-16	5.6	5.6
Sep-16	5.6	5.7
Oct-16	5.7	5.6
Nov-16	5.7	5.8
Dec-16	5.8	5.8
Jan-17	5.8	5.7
Feb-17	5.8	5.8
Mar-17	5.8	5.8
Apr-17	5.7	5.6
May-17	5.7	5.5
Jun-17	5.6	5.6
Jul-17	5.6	5.6
Aug-17	5.5	5.5
Sep-17	5.5	5.5
Oct-17	5.5	5.4
Nov-17	5.5	5.4
Dec-17	5.5	5.6
Jan-18	5.5	5.5
Feb-18	5.5	5.6
Mar-18	5.5	5.5
Apr-18	5.5	5.5
May-18	5.4	5.4
Jun-18	5.4	5.3
Jul-18	5.3	5.3
Aug-18	5.2	5.3
Sep-18	5.2	5.0
Oct-18	5.1	5.0
Nov-18	5.1	5.1
Dec-18	5.0	5.0
Jan-19	5.0	5.1
Feb-19	5.0	5.0
Mar-19	5.1	5.1
Apr-19	5.1	5.2
May-19	5.2	5.2
Jun-19	5.2	5.3
Jul-19	5.3	5.3
Aug-19	5.3	5.3
Sep-19	5.2	5.2
Oct-19	5.2	5.3
Nov-19	5.2	5.2
Dec-19	5.2	5.1
Jan-20	5.2	5.3
Feb-20	5.2	5.1
Mar-20	5.3	5.2
Apr-20		6.3
May-20		7.0
Jun-20		7.4
Jul-20		7.5
Aug-20		6.8
Sep-20		6.9
Oct-20		7.0
Nov-20		6.8
Dec-20		6.6
Jan-21		6.4
Feb-21		5.8
Mar-21		5.6
Apr-21		5.4
May-21		5.1
Jun-21		5.0
Jul-21		4.7
Aug-21		4.6
Sep-21		4.7
Oct-21		5.2
Nov-21		4.6
Dec-21		4.2
Jan-22		4.2
Feb-22		4.0
Mar-22		3.9
Apr-22	3.8	3.9
May-22	3.7	3.9
Jun-22	3.6	3.6
Jul-22	3.6	3.5
Aug-22	3.5	3.5
Sep-22	3.5	3.6
Oct-22	3.5	3.4
Nov-22	3.5	3.5
Dec-22	3.5	3.5

Unemployment rate

["","Trend","Seasonally adjusted"]

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000002],[4],[3.8999999999999999],[3.8999999999999999],[3.8999999999999999],[3.6000000000000001],[3.5],[3.5],[3.6000000000000001],[3.3999999999999999],[3.5],[3.5]]]

[]

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Large month-to-month changes occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in multiple trend breaks. The ABS recommends caution when using trend estimates published in spreadsheets in this release for this period. Information on trend breaks can be found in Labour Force, Australia methodology, December 2022.

Employment

In trend terms, in December 2022, employment increased by 26,500 people (0.2%) to 13,765,200 people.

Flows into and out of employment

Monthly inflows, outflows and employment growth, Original
	Employed people growth ('000)	Inflow ('000)	Outflow ('000)
Dec-17	114	414	-390
Jan-18	-263	359	-651
Feb-18	223	647	-381
Mar-18	-33	408	-426
Apr-18	30	397	-395
May-18	48	431	-400
Jun-18	34	407	-403
Jul-18	-33	430	-439
Aug-18	-28	418	-414
Sep-18	68	475	-404
Oct-18	37	420	-436
Nov-18	87	439	-374
Dec-18	96	441	-403
Jan-19	-236	428	-679
Feb-19	197	610	-360
Mar-19	-15	410	-431
Apr-19	47	444	-395
May-19	90	412	-376
Jun-19	-30	381	-454
Jul-19	-5	436	-472
Aug-19	-28	468	-435
Sep-19	69	446	-376
Oct-19	-26	395	-461
Nov-19	94	448	-396
Dec-19	100	442	-410
Jan-20	-267	415	-707
Feb-20	220	642	-395
Mar-20	-48	434	-463
Apr-20	-590	355	-947
May-20	-221	583	-781
Jun-20	198	608	-421
Jul-20	78	557	-436
Aug-20	91	522	-493
Sep-20	3	486	-434
Oct-20	169	547	-409
Nov-20	142	522	-356
Dec-20	113	500	-390
Jan-21	-262	420	-665
Feb-21	302	674	-355
Mar-21	26	473	-414
Apr-21	-27	497	-477
May-21	166	507	-371
Jun-21	-20	421	-458
Jul-21	-26	497	-544
Aug-21	-200	460	-641
Sep-21	-95	518	-631
Oct-21	-31	536	-537
Nov-21	442	830	-400
Dec-21	160	535	-410
Jan-22	-271	438	-788
Feb-22	338	724	-388
Mar-22	-21	453	-483
Apr-22	19	561	-493
May-22	135	482	-385
Jun-22	36	444	-408
Jul-22	-39	504	-509
Aug-22	-29	472	-452
Sep-22	41	491	-450
Oct-22	52	454	-444
Nov-22	129	479	-405
Dec-22	69	449	-418

Employed people
	Trend ('000)	Seasonally adjusted ('000)
Dec-12	11,408.1	11,395.6
Jan-13	11,422.2	11,461.8
Feb-13	11,435.7	11,465.7
Mar-13	11,446.8	11,434.0
Apr-13	11,455.1	11,465.7
May-13	11,461.1	11,458.5
Jun-13	11,465.2	11,471.2
Jul-13	11,467.6	11,457.6
Aug-13	11,467.1	11,460.3
Sep-13	11,463.2	11,477.2
Oct-13	11,457.6	11,471.0
Nov-13	11,454.1	11,449.7
Dec-13	11,455.4	11,417.7
Jan-14	11,463.7	11,454.4
Feb-14	11,478.3	11,476.2
Mar-14	11,497.1	11,530.9
Apr-14	11,515.8	11,536.2
May-14	11,530.0	11,514.0
Jun-14	11,538.7	11,530.1
Jul-14	11,544.1	11,546.5
Aug-14	11,548.3	11,549.6
Sep-14	11,554.4	11,549.4
Oct-14	11,564.5	11,543.4
Nov-14	11,578.9	11,543.9
Dec-14	11,597.7	11,596.7
Jan-15	11,620.8	11,606.5
Feb-15	11,646.2	11,671.7
Mar-15	11,671.7	11,692.2
Apr-15	11,695.0	11,690.4
May-15	11,716.2	11,734.7
Jun-15	11,737.3	11,729.5
Jul-15	11,760.5	11,761.6
Aug-15	11,788.0	11,772.1
Sep-15	11,819.3	11,786.8
Oct-15	11,850.9	11,862.4
Nov-15	11,880.6	11,896.0
Dec-15	11,905.2	11,904.4
Jan-16	11,922.6	11,907.8
Feb-16	11,935.0	11,923.1
Mar-16	11,944.7	11,940.7
Apr-16	11,954.2	11,946.4
May-16	11,963.8	11,943.2
Jun-16	11,972.3	11,966.0
Jul-16	11,979.7	11,996.8
Aug-16	11,986.6	11,973.2
Sep-16	11,992.8	11,957.0
Oct-16	11,999.6	11,988.4
Nov-16	12,008.3	12,012.3
Dec-16	12,020.6	12,032.8
Jan-17	12,040.2	12,050.1
Feb-17	12,067.7	12,051.4
Mar-17	12,103.0	12,116.3
Apr-17	12,144.6	12,168.5
May-17	12,187.9	12,191.7
Jun-17	12,229.5	12,228.8
Jul-17	12,267.8	12,256.7
Aug-17	12,302.8	12,312.2
Sep-17	12,335.7	12,347.3
Oct-17	12,367.7	12,356.3
Nov-17	12,398.6	12,408.0
Dec-17	12,426.8	12,445.0
Jan-18	12,449.9	12,477.0
Feb-18	12,467.3	12,470.3
Mar-18	12,481.9	12,487.1
Apr-18	12,497.0	12,504.1
May-18	12,516.3	12,497.8
Jun-18	12,541.6	12,575.3
Jul-18	12,570.7	12,566.7
Aug-18	12,601.5	12,613.3
Sep-18	12,632.0	12,631.8
Oct-18	12,659.4	12,662.2
Nov-18	12,683.0	12,692.8
Dec-18	12,704.8	12,711.1
Jan-19	12,728.1	12,739.5
Feb-19	12,754.1	12,735.6
Mar-19	12,783.3	12,772.1
Apr-19	12,815.1	12,810.2
May-19	12,847.0	12,836.6
Jun-19	12,875.3	12,853.2
Jul-19	12,897.9	12,872.9
Aug-19	12,914.5	12,920.8
Sep-19	12,926.6	12,945.3
Oct-19	12,937.7	12,912.3
Nov-19	12,949.7	12,943.9
Dec-19	12,962.0	12,968.9
Jan-20	12,970.8	12,973.2
Feb-20	12,974.8	12,987.2
Mar-20	12,974.1	12,988.1
Apr-20		12,398.3
May-20		12,113.6
Jun-20		12,350.9
Jul-20		12,454.6
Aug-20		12,610.5
Sep-20		12,577.9
Oct-20		12,740.0
Nov-20		12,819.7
Dec-20		12,863.0
Jan-21		12,874.2
Feb-21		12,959.8
Mar-21		13,034.7
Apr-21		13,011.6
May-21		13,103.3
Jun-21		13,131.4
Jul-21		13,130.9
Aug-21		13,000.9
Sep-21		12,875.6
Oct-21		12,836.4
Nov-21		13,209.3
Dec-21		13,295.1
Jan-22		13,308.5
Feb-22		13,416.0
Mar-22		13,450.2
Apr-22	13,510.7	13,477.3
May-22	13,554.7	13,535.5
Jun-22	13,592.8	13,622.0
Jul-22	13,626.5	13,602.2
Aug-22	13,656.9	13,650.7
Sep-22	13,685.2	13,659.8
Oct-22	13,711.9	13,703.5
Nov-22	13,738.7	13,761.7
Dec-22	13,765.2	13,747.1

Employed people

["","Trend","Seasonally adjusted"]

[["Dec-12","Jan-13","Feb-13","Mar-13","Apr-13","May-13","Jun-13","Jul-13","Aug-13","Sep-13","Oct-13","Nov-13","Dec-13","Jan-14","Feb-14","Mar-14","Apr-14","May-14","Jun-14","Jul-14","Aug-14","Sep-14","Oct-14","Nov-14","Dec-14","Jan-15","Feb-15","Mar-15","Apr-15","May-15","Jun-15","Jul-15","Aug-15","Sep-15","Oct-15","Nov-15","Dec-15","Jan-16","Feb-16","Mar-16","Apr-16","May-16","Jun-16","Jul-16","Aug-16","Sep-16","Oct-16","Nov-16","Dec-16","Jan-17","Feb-17","Mar-17","Apr-17","May-17","Jun-17","Jul-17","Aug-17","Sep-17","Oct-17","Nov-17","Dec-17","Jan-18","Feb-18","Mar-18","Apr-18","May-18","Jun-18","Jul-18","Aug-18","Sep-18","Oct-18","Nov-18","Dec-18","Jan-19","Feb-19","Mar-19","Apr-19","May-19","Jun-19","Jul-19","Aug-19","Sep-19","Oct-19","Nov-19","Dec-19","Jan-20","Feb-20","Mar-20","Apr-20","May-20","Jun-20","Jul-20","Aug-20","Sep-20","Oct-20","Nov-20","Dec-20","Jan-21","Feb-21","Mar-21","Apr-21","May-21","Jun-21","Jul-21","Aug-21","Sep-21","Oct-21","Nov-21","Dec-21","Jan-22","Feb-22","Mar-22","Apr-22","May-22","Jun-22","Jul-22","Aug-22","Sep-22","Oct-22","Nov-22","Dec-22"],[[11408.1],[11422.200000000001],[11435.700000000001],[11446.799999999999],[11455.1],[11461.1],[11465.200000000001],[11467.6],[11467.1],[11463.200000000001],[11457.6],[11454.1],[11455.4],[11463.700000000001],[11478.299999999999],[11497.1],[11515.799999999999],[11530],[11538.700000000001],[11544.1],[11548.299999999999],[11554.4],[11564.5],[11578.9],[11597.700000000001],[11620.799999999999],[11646.200000000001],[11671.700000000001],[11695],[11716.200000000001],[11737.299999999999],[11760.5],[11788],[11819.299999999999],[11850.9],[11880.6],[11905.200000000001],[11922.6],[11935],[11944.700000000001],[11954.200000000001],[11963.799999999999],[11972.299999999999],[11979.700000000001],[11986.6],[11992.799999999999],[11999.6],[12008.299999999999],[12020.6],[12040.200000000001],[12067.700000000001],[12103],[12144.6],[12187.9],[12229.5],[12267.799999999999],[12302.799999999999],[12335.700000000001],[12367.700000000001],[12398.6],[12426.799999999999],[12449.9],[12467.299999999999],[12481.9],[12497],[12516.299999999999],[12541.6],[12570.700000000001],[12601.5],[12632],[12659.4],[12683],[12704.799999999999],[12728.1],[12754.1],[12783.299999999999],[12815.1],[12847],[12875.299999999999],[12897.9],[12914.5],[12926.6],[12937.700000000001],[12949.700000000001],[12962],[12970.799999999999],[12974.799999999999],[12974.1],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[13510.700000000001],[13554.700000000001],[13592.799999999999],[13626.5],[13656.9],[13685.200000000001],[13711.9],[13738.700000000001],[13765.200000000001]],[[11395.6],[11461.799999999999],[11465.700000000001],[11434],[11465.700000000001],[11458.5],[11471.200000000001],[11457.6],[11460.299999999999],[11477.200000000001],[11471],[11449.700000000001],[11417.700000000001],[11454.4],[11476.200000000001],[11530.9],[11536.200000000001],[11514],[11530.1],[11546.5],[11549.6],[11549.4],[11543.4],[11543.9],[11596.700000000001],[11606.5],[11671.700000000001],[11692.200000000001],[11690.4],[11734.700000000001],[11729.5],[11761.6],[11772.1],[11786.799999999999],[11862.4],[11896],[11904.4],[11907.799999999999],[11923.1],[11940.700000000001],[11946.4],[11943.200000000001],[11966],[11996.799999999999],[11973.200000000001],[11957],[11988.4],[12012.299999999999],[12032.799999999999],[12050.1],[12051.4],[12116.299999999999],[12168.5],[12191.700000000001],[12228.799999999999],[12256.700000000001],[12312.200000000001],[12347.299999999999],[12356.299999999999],[12408],[12445],[12477],[12470.299999999999],[12487.1],[12504.1],[12497.799999999999],[12575.299999999999],[12566.700000000001],[12613.299999999999],[12631.799999999999],[12662.200000000001],[12692.799999999999],[12711.1],[12739.5],[12735.6],[12772.1],[12810.200000000001],[12836.6],[12853.200000000001],[12872.9],[12920.799999999999],[12945.299999999999],[12912.299999999999],[12943.9],[12968.9],[12973.200000000001],[12987.200000000001],[12988.1],[12398.299999999999],[12113.6],[12350.9],[12454.6],[12610.5],[12577.9],[12740],[12819.700000000001],[12863],[12874.200000000001],[12959.799999999999],[13034.700000000001],[13011.6],[13103.299999999999],[13131.4],[13130.9],[13000.9],[12875.6],[12836.4],[13209.299999999999],[13295.1],[13308.5],[13416],[13450.200000000001],[13477.299999999999],[13535.5],[13622],[13602.200000000001],[13650.700000000001],[13659.799999999999],[13703.5],[13761.700000000001],[13747.1]]]

[]

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[{"value":"0","axis_id":"0","axis_title":"'000","axis_units":"","tooltip_units":"('000)","table_units":"('000)","axis_min":null,"axis_max":null,"tick_interval":null,"precision":"1","data_unit_prefix":"","data_unit_suffix":"","reverse_axis":false}]

Large month-to-month changes occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in multiple trend breaks. The ABS recommends caution when using trend estimates published in spreadsheets in this release for this period. Information on trend breaks can be found in Labour Force, Australia methodology, December 2022.

Full-time and part-time employment

In trend terms, in December 2022:

full-time employment increased by 25,700 to 9,618,500 people, and part-time employment increased by 800 to 4,146,700 people.
part-time share of employment was 30.1%.

Employment-to-population ratio

In trend terms, in December 2022, the employment-to-population ratio remained at 64.4%.

The employment-to-population ratio provides a measure of employment relative to the size of the population.

Employment-to-population ratio
	Trend (%)	Seasonally adjusted (%)
Dec-12	61.6	61.5
Jan-13	61.5	61.8
Feb-13	61.5	61.7
Mar-13	61.5	61.4
Apr-13	61.4	61.5
May-13	61.4	61.4
Jun-13	61.3	61.4
Jul-13	61.3	61.2
Aug-13	61.2	61.1
Sep-13	61.1	61.2
Oct-13	61.0	61.1
Nov-13	60.9	60.9
Dec-13	60.8	60.7
Jan-14	60.8	60.7
Feb-14	60.8	60.8
Mar-14	60.8	60.9
Apr-14	60.8	60.9
May-14	60.8	60.7
Jun-14	60.8	60.8
Jul-14	60.8	60.8
Aug-14	60.7	60.7
Sep-14	60.7	60.6
Oct-14	60.7	60.5
Nov-14	60.7	60.5
Dec-14	60.7	60.7
Jan-15	60.7	60.6
Feb-15	60.8	60.9
Mar-15	60.8	60.9
Apr-15	60.9	60.8
May-15	60.9	61.0
Jun-15	60.9	60.9
Jul-15	61.0	61.0
Aug-15	61.1	61.0
Sep-15	61.2	61.0
Oct-15	61.3	61.3
Nov-15	61.3	61.4
Dec-15	61.4	61.4
Jan-16	61.4	61.3
Feb-16	61.3	61.3
Mar-16	61.3	61.3
Apr-16	61.3	61.2
May-16	61.2	61.1
Jun-16	61.2	61.2
Jul-16	61.2	61.3
Aug-16	61.1	61.0
Sep-16	61.1	60.9
Oct-16	61.0	61.0
Nov-16	61.0	61.0
Dec-16	60.9	61.0
Jan-17	60.9	61.0
Feb-17	61.0	60.9
Mar-17	61.1	61.1
Apr-17	61.2	61.3
May-17	61.3	61.3
Jun-17	61.5	61.5
Jul-17	61.6	61.5
Aug-17	61.7	61.7
Sep-17	61.8	61.8
Oct-17	61.8	61.8
Nov-17	61.9	62.0
Dec-17	62.0	62.1
Jan-18	62.0	62.2
Feb-18	62.0	62.0
Mar-18	62.0	62.0
Apr-18	62.0	62.0
May-18	62.0	61.9
Jun-18	62.0	62.2
Jul-18	62.1	62.1
Aug-18	62.1	62.2
Sep-18	62.2	62.2
Oct-18	62.3	62.3
Nov-18	62.3	62.4
Dec-18	62.3	62.4
Jan-19	62.3	62.4
Feb-19	62.4	62.3
Mar-19	62.4	62.3
Apr-19	62.5	62.5
May-19	62.6	62.5
Jun-19	62.6	62.6
Jul-19	62.7	62.6
Aug-19	62.7	62.7
Sep-19	62.6	62.7
Oct-19	62.6	62.5
Nov-19	62.6	62.6
Dec-19	62.6	62.6
Jan-20	62.5	62.5
Feb-20	62.4	62.5
Mar-20	62.4	62.4
Apr-20		59.6
May-20		58.2
Jun-20		59.3
Jul-20		59.8
Aug-20		60.5
Sep-20		60.4
Oct-20		61.2
Nov-20		61.6
Dec-20		61.8
Jan-21		61.8
Feb-21		62.2
Mar-21		62.5
Apr-21		62.4
May-21		62.8
Jun-21		62.9
Jul-21		62.9
Aug-21		62.3
Sep-21		61.6
Oct-21		61.4
Nov-21		63.1
Dec-21		63.5
Jan-22		63.4
Feb-22		63.8
Mar-22		63.8
Apr-22	64.0	63.9
May-22	64.1	64.1
Jun-22	64.2	64.4
Jul-22	64.3	64.2
Aug-22	64.3	64.3
Sep-22	64.3	64.2
Oct-22	64.3	64.3
Nov-22	64.4	64.5
Dec-22	64.4	64.3

Employment-to-population ratio

["","Trend","Seasonally adjusted"]

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4.400000000000006],[64.200000000000003],[64.299999999999997],[64.200000000000003],[64.299999999999997],[64.5],[64.299999999999997]]]

[]

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Large month-to-month changes occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in multiple trend breaks. The ABS recommends caution when using trend estimates published in spreadsheets in this release for this period. Information on trend breaks can be found in Labour Force, Australia methodology, December 2022.

Employment-to-population ratio, Seasonally adjusted
	People (%)	Males (%)	Females (%)
Dec-12	61.5	67.9	55.3
Jan-13	61.8	68.0	55.7
Feb-13	61.7	67.8	55.7
Mar-13	61.4	67.4	55.6
Apr-13	61.5	67.5	55.7
May-13	61.4	67.5	55.4
Jun-13	61.4	67.5	55.4
Jul-13	61.2	67.2	55.4
Aug-13	61.1	67.1	55.3
Sep-13	61.2	67.1	55.4
Oct-13	61.1	67.0	55.3
Nov-13	60.9	66.8	55.1
Dec-13	60.7	66.6	54.9
Jan-14	60.7	66.7	55.0
Feb-14	60.8	66.6	55.1
Mar-14	60.9	66.9	55.2
Apr-14	60.9	66.9	55.1
May-14	60.7	66.6	55.1
Jun-14	60.8	66.6	55.1
Jul-14	60.8	66.6	55.1
Aug-14	60.7	66.6	55.0
Sep-14	60.6	66.4	55.0
Oct-14	60.5	66.4	54.8
Nov-14	60.5	66.6	54.6
Dec-14	60.7	66.6	55.0
Jan-15	60.6	66.5	54.9
Feb-15	60.9	66.8	55.2
Mar-15	60.9	66.9	55.1
Apr-15	60.8	66.7	55.2
May-15	61.0	66.8	55.4
Jun-15	60.9	66.6	55.4
Jul-15	61.0	66.8	55.4
Aug-15	61.0	66.6	55.6
Sep-15	61.0	66.6	55.6
Oct-15	61.3	66.9	55.9
Nov-15	61.4	66.9	56.1
Dec-15	61.4	66.9	56.0
Jan-16	61.3	67.0	55.8
Feb-16	61.3	66.8	56.0
Mar-16	61.3	66.8	56.0
Apr-16	61.2	66.6	56.1
May-16	61.1	66.6	55.9
Jun-16	61.2	66.6	56.0
Jul-16	61.3	66.7	56.0
Aug-16	61.0	66.5	55.8
Sep-16	60.9	66.2	55.8
Oct-16	61.0	66.4	55.7
Nov-16	61.0	66.4	55.8
Dec-16	61.0	66.4	55.8
Jan-17	61.0	66.3	55.9
Feb-17	60.9	66.3	55.7
Mar-17	61.1	66.5	56.0
Apr-17	61.3	66.9	55.9
May-17	61.3	66.7	56.2
Jun-17	61.5	66.7	56.4
Jul-17	61.5	66.9	56.3
Aug-17	61.7	66.9	56.7
Sep-17	61.8	66.9	56.8
Oct-17	61.8	66.9	56.8
Nov-17	62.0	67.1	57.0
Dec-17	62.1	67.1	57.3
Jan-18	62.2	67.4	57.1
Feb-18	62.0	67.1	57.1
Mar-18	62.0	66.9	57.2
Apr-18	62.0	67.0	57.2
May-18	61.9	66.9	57.0
Jun-18	62.2	67.1	57.4
Jul-18	62.1	67.2	57.1
Aug-18	62.2	67.4	57.2
Sep-18	62.2	67.4	57.2
Oct-18	62.3	67.4	57.4
Nov-18	62.4	67.4	57.5
Dec-18	62.4	67.5	57.4
Jan-19	62.4	67.5	57.5
Feb-19	62.3	67.2	57.5
Mar-19	62.3	67.3	57.5
Apr-19	62.5	67.2	57.9
May-19	62.5	67.7	57.5
Jun-19	62.6	67.7	57.6
Jul-19	62.6	67.6	57.7
Aug-19	62.7	67.6	58.0
Sep-19	62.7	67.4	58.2
Oct-19	62.5	67.1	58.0
Nov-19	62.6	67.3	58.0
Dec-19	62.6	67.2	58.2
Jan-20	62.5	67.0	58.2
Feb-20	62.5	67.1	58.1
Mar-20	62.4	67.0	58.0
Apr-20	59.6	64.3	55.0
May-20	58.2	63.1	53.4
Jun-20	59.3	64.0	54.7
Jul-20	59.8	64.5	55.2
Aug-20	60.5	65.1	56.2
Sep-20	60.4	64.8	56.2
Oct-20	61.2	65.9	56.6
Nov-20	61.6	66.4	56.9
Dec-20	61.8	66.3	57.4
Jan-21	61.8	66.6	57.2
Feb-21	62.2	66.6	57.9
Mar-21	62.5	66.8	58.4
Apr-21	62.4	66.8	58.1
May-21	62.8	67.1	58.7
Jun-21	62.9	67.4	58.5
Jul-21	62.9	67.6	58.4
Aug-21	62.3	66.8	57.8
Sep-21	61.6	66.3	57.2
Oct-21	61.4	66.2	56.8
Nov-21	63.1	67.6	58.8
Dec-21	63.5	68.0	59.1
Jan-22	63.4	67.5	59.4
Feb-22	63.8	67.8	59.9
Mar-22	63.8	67.9	59.9
Apr-22	63.9	68.0	59.9
May-22	64.1	68.4	59.9
Jun-22	64.4	68.7	60.2
Jul-22	64.2	68.5	60.0
Aug-22	64.3	68.6	60.1
Sep-22	64.2	68.6	60.0
Oct-22	64.3	68.7	60.0
Nov-22	64.5	68.9	60.2
Dec-22	64.3	68.6	60.1

Employment-to-population ratio, Seasonally adjusted

["","People","Males","Females"]

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[]

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Hours worked

In trend terms, in December 2022, monthly hours worked in all jobs increased by 4.7 million hours (0.3%) to 1,890 million hours.

See the article Insights into hours worked for more.

Monthly hours worked in all jobs
	Trend (m)	Seasonally adjusted (m)
Dec-12	1,599.7	1,603.3
Jan-13	1,601.0	1,602.0
Feb-13	1,602.0	1,603.7
Mar-13	1,603.3	1,597.1
Apr-13	1,605.2	1,611.8
May-13	1,607.4	1,605.8
Jun-13	1,609.7	1,605.3
Jul-13	1,610.9	1,615.8
Aug-13	1,610.6	1,620.2
Sep-13	1,609.3	1,608.1
Oct-13	1,607.9	1,605.6
Nov-13	1,606.9	1,604.6
Dec-13	1,606.3	1,605.3
Jan-14	1,606.4	1,598.7
Feb-14	1,607.4	1,606.9
Mar-14	1,609.0	1,614.0
Apr-14	1,611.0	1,604.2
May-14	1,613.3	1,611.7
Jun-14	1,615.1	1,618.5
Jul-14	1,615.8	1,616.5
Aug-14	1,615.7	1,616.8
Sep-14	1,615.0	1,612.3
Oct-14	1,615.0	1,612.7
Nov-14	1,616.6	1,613.1
Dec-14	1,620.2	1,601.1
Jan-15	1,624.7	1,630.1
Feb-15	1,629.2	1,628.1
Mar-15	1,632.4	1,636.4
Apr-15	1,634.3	1,640.0
May-15	1,635.5	1,636.4
Jun-15	1,637.2	1,633.9
Jul-15	1,639.7	1,640.5
Aug-15	1,643.0	1,638.0
Sep-15	1,646.9	1,649.1
Oct-15	1,651.0	1,655.9
Nov-15	1,654.5	1,653.3
Dec-15	1,656.8	1,651.2
Jan-16	1,657.7	1,661.1
Feb-16	1,657.5	1,663.6
Mar-16	1,656.9	1,655.5
Apr-16	1,656.4	1,634.7
May-16	1,656.4	1,664.3
Jun-16	1,656.9	1,657.3
Jul-16	1,658.5	1,662.1
Aug-16	1,660.8	1,664.4
Sep-16	1,663.2	1,660.3
Oct-16	1,665.6	1,665.0
Nov-16	1,667.9	1,666.6
Dec-16	1,670.1	1,674.3
Jan-17	1,672.6	1,694.8
Feb-17	1,675.8	1,663.3
Mar-17	1,680.0	1,679.6
Apr-17	1,685.1	1,668.5
May-17	1,690.8	1,713.4
Jun-17	1,696.6	1,708.6
Jul-17	1,702.5	1,699.7
Aug-17	1,708.0	1,704.8
Sep-17	1,712.8	1,712.5
Oct-17	1,716.7	1,716.3
Nov-17	1,719.7	1,728.5
Dec-17	1,721.9	1,721.4
Jan-18	1,723.4	1,700.5
Feb-18	1,725.0	1,723.7
Mar-18	1,727.5	1,726.6
Apr-18	1,730.9	1,746.5
May-18	1,735.0	1,732.1
Jun-18	1,739.2	1,743.1
Jul-18	1,742.8	1,743.9
Aug-18	1,746.0	1,744.0
Sep-18	1,748.6	1,747.4
Oct-18	1,751.1	1,755.2
Nov-18	1,754.2	1,751.4
Dec-18	1,758.0	1,749.2
Jan-19	1,762.2	1,761.5
Feb-19	1,765.9	1,764.3
Mar-19	1,768.7	1,777.3
Apr-19	1,770.8	1,773.7
May-19	1,772.1	1,766.9
Jun-19	1,772.9	1,769.9
Jul-19	1,773.7	1,774.0
Aug-19	1,774.8	1,778.3
Sep-19	1,776.3	1,779.3
Oct-19	1,777.5	1,773.7
Nov-19	1,777.7	1,774.0
Dec-19	1,776.5	1,785.6
Jan-20	1,774.2	1,774.8
Feb-20	1,771.8	1,772.8
Mar-20	1,771.1	1,767.3
Apr-20		1,591.1
May-20		1,605.4
Jun-20		1,668.2
Jul-20		1,687.6
Aug-20		1,692.2
Sep-20		1,689.6
Oct-20		1,725.8
Nov-20		1,751.4
Dec-20		1,754.8
Jan-21		1,671.2
Feb-21		1,767.5
Mar-21		1,806.7
Apr-21		1,785.7
May-21		1,812.1
Jun-21		1,786.1
Jul-21		1,784.8
Aug-21		1,712.5
Sep-21		1,728.4
Oct-21		1,728.4
Nov-21		1,801.5
Dec-21		1,828.9
Jan-22		1,676.4
Feb-22		1,825.6
Mar-22		1,817.1
Apr-22	1,840.6	1,842.2
May-22	1,847.2	1,852.6
Jun-22	1,854.1	1,858.3
Jul-22	1,861.1	1,853.0
Aug-22	1,867.6	1,866.6
Sep-22	1,873.7	1,863.0
Oct-22	1,879.6	1,907.6
Nov-22	1,885.6	1,897.5
Dec-22	1,890.3	1,888.0

Monthly hours worked in all jobs

["","Trend","Seasonally adjusted"]

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[]

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Large month-to-month changes occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in multiple trend breaks. The ABS recommends caution when using trend estimates published in spreadsheets in this release for this period. Information on trend breaks can be found in Labour Force, Australia methodology, December 2022.

Monthly hours worked in all jobs, Seasonally adjusted
	Hours worked (m)	Yearly change (%)
Dec-12	1,603	1.0
Jan-13	1,602	0.7
Feb-13	1,604	1.0
Mar-13	1,597	0.1
Apr-13	1,612	0.8
May-13	1,606	0.0
Jun-13	1,605	1.7
Jul-13	1,616	1.7
Aug-13	1,620	2.0
Sep-13	1,608	0.6
Oct-13	1,606	1.1
Nov-13	1,605	0.2
Dec-13	1,605	0.1
Jan-14	1,599	-0.2
Feb-14	1,607	0.2
Mar-14	1,614	1.1
Apr-14	1,604	-0.5
May-14	1,612	0.4
Jun-14	1,618	0.8
Jul-14	1,617	0.0
Aug-14	1,617	-0.2
Sep-14	1,612	0.3
Oct-14	1,613	0.4
Nov-14	1,613	0.5
Dec-14	1,601	-0.3
Jan-15	1,630	2.0
Feb-15	1,628	1.3
Mar-15	1,636	1.4
Apr-15	1,640	2.2
May-15	1,636	1.5
Jun-15	1,634	1.0
Jul-15	1,640	1.5
Aug-15	1,638	1.3
Sep-15	1,649	2.3
Oct-15	1,656	2.7
Nov-15	1,653	2.5
Dec-15	1,651	3.1
Jan-16	1,661	1.9
Feb-16	1,664	2.2
Mar-16	1,655	1.2
Apr-16	1,635	-0.3
May-16	1,664	1.7
Jun-16	1,657	1.4
Jul-16	1,662	1.3
Aug-16	1,664	1.6
Sep-16	1,660	0.7
Oct-16	1,665	0.6
Nov-16	1,667	0.8
Dec-16	1,674	1.4
Jan-17	1,695	2.0
Feb-17	1,663	0.0
Mar-17	1,680	1.5
Apr-17	1,668	2.1
May-17	1,713	2.9
Jun-17	1,709	3.1
Jul-17	1,700	2.3
Aug-17	1,705	2.4
Sep-17	1,712	3.1
Oct-17	1,716	3.1
Nov-17	1,729	3.7
Dec-17	1,721	2.8
Jan-18	1,700	0.3
Feb-18	1,724	3.6
Mar-18	1,727	2.8
Apr-18	1,747	4.7
May-18	1,732	1.1
Jun-18	1,743	2.0
Jul-18	1,744	2.6
Aug-18	1,744	2.3
Sep-18	1,747	2.0
Oct-18	1,755	2.3
Nov-18	1,751	1.3
Dec-18	1,749	1.6
Jan-19	1,762	3.6
Feb-19	1,764	2.4
Mar-19	1,777	2.9
Apr-19	1,774	1.6
May-19	1,767	2.0
Jun-19	1,770	1.5
Jul-19	1,774	1.7
Aug-19	1,778	2.0
Sep-19	1,779	1.8
Oct-19	1,774	1.1
Nov-19	1,774	1.3
Dec-19	1,786	2.1
Jan-20	1,775	0.8
Feb-20	1,773	0.5
Mar-20	1,767	-0.6
Apr-20	1,591	-10.3
May-20	1,605	-9.1
Jun-20	1,668	-5.7
Jul-20	1,688	-4.9
Aug-20	1,692	-4.8
Sep-20	1,690	-5.0
Oct-20	1,726	-2.7
Nov-20	1,751	-1.3
Dec-20	1,755	-1.7
Jan-21	1,671	-5.8
Feb-21	1,768	-0.3
Mar-21	1,807	2.2
Apr-21	1,786	12.2
May-21	1,812	12.9
Jun-21	1,786	7.1
Jul-21	1,785	5.8
Aug-21	1,712	1.2
Sep-21	1,728	2.3
Oct-21	1,728	0.2
Nov-21	1,802	2.9
Dec-21	1,829	4.2
Jan-22	1,676	0.3
Feb-22	1,826	3.3
Mar-22	1,817	0.6
Apr-22	1,842	3.2
May-22	1,853	2.2
Jun-22	1,858	4.0
Jul-22	1,853	3.8
Aug-22	1,867	9.0
Sep-22	1,863	7.8
Oct-22	1,908	10.4
Nov-22	1,897	5.3
Dec-22	1,888	3.2

Monthly hours worked in all jobs, Seasonally adjusted

["","Hours worked (m)","Yearly change (%)"]

[["Dec-12","Jan-13","Feb-13","Mar-13","Apr-13","May-13","Jun-13","Jul-13","Aug-13","Sep-13","Oct-13","Nov-13","Dec-13","Jan-14","Feb-14","Mar-14","Apr-14","May-14","Jun-14","Jul-14","Aug-14","Sep-14","Oct-14","Nov-14","Dec-14","Jan-15","Feb-15","Mar-15","Apr-15","May-15","Jun-15","Jul-15","Aug-15","Sep-15","Oct-15","Nov-15","Dec-15","Jan-16","Feb-16","Mar-16","Apr-16","May-16","Jun-16","Jul-16","Aug-16","Sep-16","Oct-16","Nov-16","Dec-16","Jan-17","Feb-17","Mar-17","Apr-17","May-17","Jun-17","Jul-17","Aug-17","Sep-17","Oct-17","Nov-17","Dec-17","Jan-18","Feb-18","Mar-18","Apr-18","May-18","Jun-18","Jul-18","Aug-18","Sep-18","Oct-18","Nov-18","Dec-18","Jan-19","Feb-19","Mar-19","Apr-19","May-19","Jun-19","Jul-19","Aug-19","Sep-19","Oct-19","Nov-19","Dec-19","Jan-20","Feb-20","Mar-20","Apr-20","May-20","Jun-20","Jul-20","Aug-20","Sep-20","Oct-20","Nov-20","Dec-20","Jan-21","Feb-21","Mar-21","Apr-21","May-21","Jun-21","Jul-21","Aug-21","Sep-21","Oct-21","Nov-21","Dec-21","Jan-22","Feb-22","Mar-22","Apr-22","May-22","Jun-22","Jul-22","Aug-22","Sep-22","Oct-22","Nov-22","Dec-22"],[[1603],[1602],[1604],[1597],[1612],[1606],[1605],[1616],[1620],[1608],[1606],[1605],[1605],[1599],[1607],[1614],[1604],[1612],[1618],[1617],[1617],[1612],[1613],[1613],[1601],[1630],[1628],[1636],[1640],[1636],[1634],[1640],[1638],[1649],[1656],[1653],[1651],[1661],[1664],[1655],[1635],[1664],[1657],[1662],[1664],[1660],[1665],[1667],[1674],[1695],[1663],[1680],[1668],[1713],[1709],[1700],[1705],[1712],[1716],[1729],[1721],[1700],[1724],[1727],[1747],[1732],[1743],[1744],[1744],[1747],[1755],[1751],[1749],[1762],[1764],[1777],[1774],[1767],[1770],[1774],[1778],[1779],[1774],[1774],[1786],[1775],[1773],[1767],[1591],[1605],[1668],[1688],[1692],[1690],[1726],[1751],[1755],[1671],[1768],[1807],[1786],[1812],[1786],[1785],[1712],[1728],[1728],[1802],[1829],[1676],[1826],[1817],[1842],[1853],[1858],[1853],[1867],[1863],[1908],[1897],[1888]],[[1],[0.69999999999999996],[1],[0.10000000000000001],[0.80000000000000004],[0],[1.7],[1.7],[2],[0.59999999999999998],[1.1000000000000001],[0.20000000000000001],[0.10000000000000001],[-0.20000000000000001],[0.20000000000000001],[1.1000000000000001],[-0.5],[0.40000000000000002],[0.80000000000000004],[0],[-0.20000000000000001],[0.29999999999999999],[0.40000000000000002],[0.5],[-0.29999999999999999],[2],[1.3],[1.3999999999999999],[2.2000000000000002],[1.5],[1],[1.5],[1.3],[2.2999999999999998],[2.7000000000000002],[2.5],[3.1000000000000001],[1.8999999999999999],[2.2000000000000002],[1.2],[-0.29999999999999999],[1.7],[1.3999999999999999],[1.3],[1.6000000000000001],[0.69999999999999996],[0.59999999999999998],[0.80000000000000004],[1.3999999999999999],[2],[0],[1.5],[2.1000000000000001],[2.8999999999999999],[3.1000000000000001],[2.2999999999999998],[2.3999999999999999],[3.1000000000000001],[3.1000000000000001],[3.7000000000000002],[2.7999999999999998],[0.29999999999999999],[3.6000000000000001],[2.7999999999999998],[4.7000000000000002],[1.1000000000000001],[2],[2.6000000000000001],[2.2999999999999998],[2],[2.2999999999999998],[1.3],[1.6000000000000001],[3.6000000000000001],[2.3999999999999999],[2.8999999999999999],[1.6000000000000001],[2],[1.5],[1.7],[2],[1.8],[1.1000000000000001],[1.3],[2.1000000000000001],[0.80000000000000004],[0.5],[-0.59999999999999998],[-10.300000000000001],[-9.0999999999999996],[-5.7000000000000002],[-4.9000000000000004],[-4.7999999999999998],[-5],[-2.7000000000000002],[-1.3],[-1.7],[-5.7999999999999998],[-0.29999999999999999],[2.2000000000000002],[12.199999999999999],[12.9],[7.0999999999999996],[5.7999999999999998],[1.2],[2.2999999999999998],[0.20000000000000001],[2.8999999999999999],[4.2000000000000002],[0.29999999999999999],[3.2999999999999998],[0.59999999999999998],[3.2000000000000002],[2.2000000000000002],[4],[3.7999999999999998],[9],[7.7999999999999998],[10.4],[5.2999999999999998],[3.2000000000000002]]]

[]

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[{"value":"0","axis_id":"0","axis_title":"%","axis_units":"","tooltip_units":"","table_units":"","axis_min":"-11","axis_max":"14","tick_interval":null,"precision":"1","data_unit_prefix":"","data_unit_suffix":"","reverse_axis":false},{"value":"1","axis_id":"1","axis_title":"Millions","axis_units":"","tooltip_units":"","table_units":"","axis_min":"1500","axis_max":"1950","tick_interval":"50","precision":"0","data_unit_prefix":"","data_unit_suffix":"","reverse_axis":false}]

Participation

In trend terms, in December 2022, the participation rate:

remained at 66.7%.
remained at 71.2% for men and remained at 62.3% for women.

Participation rate
	Trend (%)	Seasonally adjusted (%)
Dec-12	65.1	65.0
Jan-13	65.1	65.3
Feb-13	65.1	65.2
Mar-13	65.1	65.1
Apr-13	65.1	65.1
May-13	65.1	65.0
Jun-13	65.0	65.1
Jul-13	65.0	64.9
Aug-13	64.9	64.9
Sep-13	64.8	64.9
Oct-13	64.8	64.8
Nov-13	64.7	64.6
Dec-13	64.6	64.5
Jan-14	64.6	64.6
Feb-14	64.5	64.6
Mar-14	64.6	64.7
Apr-14	64.6	64.7
May-14	64.6	64.6
Jun-14	64.7	64.7
Jul-14	64.7	64.8
Aug-14	64.7	64.7
Sep-14	64.7	64.7
Oct-14	64.7	64.7
Nov-14	64.7	64.5
Dec-14	64.7	64.6
Jan-15	64.7	64.8
Feb-15	64.8	64.9
Mar-15	64.8	64.9
Apr-15	64.8	64.8
May-15	64.9	64.8
Jun-15	64.9	64.8
Jul-15	64.9	65.1
Aug-15	65.0	64.9
Sep-15	65.1	65.0
Oct-15	65.1	65.2
Nov-15	65.2	65.2
Dec-15	65.2	65.1
Jan-16	65.1	65.2
Feb-16	65.1	65.0
Mar-16	65.0	64.9
Apr-16	65.0	64.9
May-16	64.9	64.8
Jun-16	64.9	64.9
Jul-16	64.8	65.0
Aug-16	64.8	64.7
Sep-16	64.7	64.5
Oct-16	64.7	64.6
Nov-16	64.7	64.7
Dec-16	64.7	64.8
Jan-17	64.7	64.7
Feb-17	64.7	64.7
Mar-17	64.8	64.9
Apr-17	64.9	64.9
May-17	65.0	64.9
Jun-17	65.1	65.1
Jul-17	65.2	65.2
Aug-17	65.3	65.3
Sep-17	65.4	65.4
Oct-17	65.4	65.3
Nov-17	65.5	65.5
Dec-17	65.6	65.8
Jan-18	65.6	65.8
Feb-18	65.6	65.7
Mar-18	65.6	65.6
Apr-18	65.5	65.6
May-18	65.5	65.4
Jun-18	65.5	65.7
Jul-18	65.6	65.5
Aug-18	65.6	65.7
Sep-18	65.6	65.5
Oct-18	65.6	65.6
Nov-18	65.6	65.7
Dec-18	65.6	65.7
Jan-19	65.6	65.7
Feb-19	65.7	65.5
Mar-19	65.8	65.7
Apr-19	65.9	65.9
May-19	66.0	66.0
Jun-19	66.1	66.0
Jul-19	66.2	66.1
Aug-19	66.2	66.2
Sep-19	66.1	66.2
Oct-19	66.1	66.0
Nov-19	66.0	66.0
Dec-19	66.0	65.9
Jan-20	65.9	66.0
Feb-20	65.9	65.8
Mar-20	65.9	65.8
Apr-20		63.6
May-20		62.6
Jun-20		64.0
Jul-20		64.7
Aug-20		65.0
Sep-20		64.9
Oct-20		65.8
Nov-20		66.1
Dec-20		66.1
Jan-21		66.0
Feb-21		66.0
Mar-21		66.2
Apr-21		66.0
May-21		66.1
Jun-21		66.2
Jul-21		66.0
Aug-21		65.2
Sep-21		64.7
Oct-21		64.8
Nov-21		66.2
Dec-21		66.2
Jan-22		66.2
Feb-22		66.4
Mar-22		66.4
Apr-22	66.6	66.4
May-22	66.6	66.7
Jun-22	66.7	66.8
Jul-22	66.7	66.5
Aug-22	66.7	66.6
Sep-22	66.7	66.6
Oct-22	66.7	66.6
Nov-22	66.7	66.8
Dec-22	66.7	66.6

Participation rate

["","Trend","Seasonally adjusted"]

[["Dec-12","Jan-13","Feb-13","Mar-13","Apr-13","May-13","Jun-13","Jul-13","Aug-13","Sep-13","Oct-13","Nov-13","Dec-13","Jan-14","Feb-14","Mar-14","Apr-14","May-14","Jun-14","Jul-14","Aug-14","Sep-14","Oct-14","Nov-14","Dec-14","Jan-15","Feb-15","Mar-15","Apr-15","May-15","Jun-15","Jul-15","Aug-15","Sep-15","Oct-15","Nov-15","Dec-15","Jan-16","Feb-16","Mar-16","Apr-16","May-16","Jun-16","Jul-16","Aug-16","Sep-16","Oct-16","Nov-16","Dec-16","Jan-17","Feb-17","Mar-17","Apr-17","May-17","Jun-17","Jul-17","Aug-17","Sep-17","Oct-17","Nov-17","Dec-17","Jan-18","Feb-18","Mar-18","Apr-18","May-18","Jun-18","Jul-18","Aug-18","Sep-18","Oct-18","Nov-18","Dec-18","Jan-19","Feb-19","Mar-19","Apr-19","May-19","Jun-19","Jul-19","Aug-19","Sep-19","Oct-19","Nov-19","Dec-19","Jan-20","Feb-20","Mar-20","Apr-20","May-20","Jun-20","Jul-20","Aug-20","Sep-20","Oct-20","Nov-20","Dec-20","Jan-21","Feb-21","Mar-21","Apr-21","May-21","Jun-21","Jul-21","Aug-21","Sep-21","Oct-21","Nov-21","Dec-21","Jan-22","Feb-22","Mar-22","Apr-22","May-22","Jun-22","Jul-22","Aug-22","Sep-22","Oct-22","Nov-22","Dec-22"],[[65.099999999999994],[65.099999999999994],[65.099999999999994],[65.099999999999994],[65.099999999999994],[65.099999999999994],[65],[65],[64.900000000000006],[64.799999999999997],[64.799999999999997],[64.700000000000003],[64.599999999999994],[64.599999999999994],[64.5],[64.599999999999994],[64.599999999999994],[64.599999999999994],[64.700000000000003],[64.700000000000003],[64.700000000000003],[64.700000000000003],[64.700000000000003],[64.700000000000003],[64.700000000000003],[64.700000000000003],[64.799999999999997],[64.799999999999997],[64.799999999999997],[64.900000000000006],[64.900000000000006],[64.900000000000006],[65],[65.099999999999994],[65.099999999999994],[65.200000000000003],[65.200000000000003],[65.099999999999994],[65.099999999999994],[65],[65],[64.900000000000006],[64.900000000000006],[64.799999999999997],[64.799999999999997],[64.700000000000003],[64.700000000000003],[64.700000000000003],[64.700000000000003],[64.700000000000003],[64.700000000000003],[64.799999999999997],[64.900000000000006],[65],[65.099999999999994],[65.200000000000003],[65.299999999999997],[65.400000000000006],[65.400000000000006],[65.5],[65.599999999999994],[65.599999999999994],[65.599999999999994],[65.599999999999994],[65.5],[65.5],[65.5],[65.599999999999994],[65.599999999999994],[65.599999999999994],[65.599999999999994],[65.599999999999994],[65.599999999999994],[65.599999999999994],[65.700000000000003],[65.799999999999997],[65.900000000000006],[66],[66.099999999999994],[66.200000000000003],[66.200000000000003],[66.099999999999994],[66.099999999999994],[66],[66],[65.900000000000006],[65.900000000000006],[65.900000000000006],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[66.599999999999994],[66.599999999999994],[66.700000000000003],[66.700000000000003],[66.700000000000003],[66.700000000000003],[66.700000000000003],[66.700000000000003],[66.700000000000003]],[[65],[65.299999999999997],[65.200000000000003],[65.099999999999994],[65.099999999999994],[65],[65.099999999999994],[64.900000000000006],[64.900000000000006],[64.900000000000006],[64.799999999999997],[64.599999999999994],[64.5],[64.599999999999994],[64.599999999999994],[64.700000000000003],[64.700000000000003],[64.599999999999994],[64.700000000000003],[64.799999999999997],[64.700000000000003],[64.700000000000003],[64.700000000000003],[64.5],[64.599999999999994],[64.799999999999997],[64.900000000000006],[64.900000000000006],[64.799999999999997],[64.799999999999997],[64.799999999999997],[65.099999999999994],[64.900000000000006],[65],[65.200000000000003],[65.200000000000003],[65.099999999999994],[65.200000000000003],[65],[64.900000000000006],[64.900000000000006],[64.799999999999997],[64.900000000000006],[65],[64.700000000000003],[64.5],[64.599999999999994],[64.700000000000003],[64.799999999999997],[64.700000000000003],[64.700000000000003],[64.900000000000006],[64.900000000000006],[64.900000000000006],[65.099999999999994],[65.200000000000003],[65.299999999999997],[65.400000000000006],[65.299999999999997],[65.5],[65.799999999999997],[65.799999999999997],[65.700000000000003],[65.599999999999994],[65.599999999999994],[65.400000000000006],[65.700000000000003],[65.5],[65.700000000000003],[65.5],[65.599999999999994],[65.700000000000003],[65.700000000000003],[65.700000000000003],[65.5],[65.700000000000003],[65.900000000000006],[66],[66],[66.099999999999994],[66.200000000000003],[66.200000000000003],[66],[66],[65.900000000000006],[66],[65.799999999999997],[65.799999999999997],[63.600000000000001],[62.600000000000001],[64],[64.700000000000003],[65],[64.900000000000006],[65.799999999999997],[66.099999999999994],[66.099999999999994],[66],[66],[66.200000000000003],[66],[66.099999999999994],[66.200000000000003],[66],[65.200000000000003],[64.700000000000003],[64.799999999999997],[66.200000000000003],[66.200000000000003],[66.200000000000003],[66.400000000000006],[66.400000000000006],[66.400000000000006],[66.700000000000003],[66.799999999999997],[66.5],[66.599999999999994],[66.599999999999994],[66.599999999999994],[66.799999999999997],[66.599999999999994]]]

[]

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[{"value":"0","axis_id":"0","axis_title":"%","axis_units":"","tooltip_units":"(%)","table_units":"(%)","axis_min":null,"axis_max":null,"tick_interval":null,"precision":"1","data_unit_prefix":"","data_unit_suffix":"","reverse_axis":false}]

Large month-to-month changes occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in multiple trend breaks. The ABS recommends caution when using trend estimates published in spreadsheets in this release for this period. Information on trend breaks can be found in Labour Force, Australia methodology, December 2022.

Participation rate, Seasonally adjusted
	People (%)	Males (%)	Females (%)
Dec-12	65.0	71.7	58.6
Jan-13	65.3	71.9	58.8
Feb-13	65.2	71.7	58.9
Mar-13	65.1	71.5	58.8
Apr-13	65.1	71.5	59.0
May-13	65.0	71.6	58.7
Jun-13	65.1	71.6	58.7
Jul-13	64.9	71.3	58.6
Aug-13	64.9	71.3	58.7
Sep-13	64.9	71.2	58.7
Oct-13	64.8	71.2	58.7
Nov-13	64.6	71.0	58.4
Dec-13	64.5	70.9	58.2
Jan-14	64.6	70.8	58.5
Feb-14	64.6	70.7	58.6
Mar-14	64.7	70.9	58.8
Apr-14	64.7	71.0	58.5
May-14	64.6	70.7	58.6
Jun-14	64.7	70.9	58.7
Jul-14	64.8	71.0	58.7
Aug-14	64.7	70.9	58.6
Sep-14	64.7	70.7	58.8
Oct-14	64.7	70.9	58.7
Nov-14	64.5	71.1	58.2
Dec-14	64.6	70.8	58.6
Jan-15	64.8	71.1	58.6
Feb-15	64.9	71.2	58.8
Mar-15	64.9	71.3	58.7
Apr-15	64.8	71.1	58.7
May-15	64.8	71.0	58.9
Jun-15	64.8	70.9	58.9
Jul-15	65.1	71.1	59.3
Aug-15	64.9	71.0	59.1
Sep-15	65.0	71.0	59.2
Oct-15	65.2	71.1	59.4
Nov-15	65.2	70.9	59.7
Dec-15	65.1	70.9	59.5
Jan-16	65.2	71.3	59.4
Feb-16	65.0	70.7	59.4
Mar-16	64.9	70.8	59.3
Apr-16	64.9	70.5	59.4
May-16	64.8	70.6	59.3
Jun-16	64.9	70.4	59.6
Jul-16	65.0	70.6	59.5
Aug-16	64.7	70.5	59.1
Sep-16	64.5	70.1	59.1
Oct-16	64.6	70.3	59.0
Nov-16	64.7	70.4	59.3
Dec-16	64.8	70.5	59.3
Jan-17	64.7	70.2	59.4
Feb-17	64.7	70.4	59.2
Mar-17	64.9	70.5	59.5
Apr-17	64.9	70.6	59.5
May-17	64.9	70.6	59.5
Jun-17	65.1	70.6	59.8
Jul-17	65.2	70.8	59.7
Aug-17	65.3	70.8	60.0
Sep-17	65.4	70.8	60.1
Oct-17	65.3	70.7	60.1
Nov-17	65.5	71.0	60.3
Dec-17	65.8	71.1	60.6
Jan-18	65.8	71.2	60.5
Feb-18	65.7	71.0	60.5
Mar-18	65.6	70.8	60.5
Apr-18	65.6	70.9	60.5
May-18	65.4	70.7	60.3
Jun-18	65.7	71.0	60.6
Jul-18	65.5	71.0	60.2
Aug-18	65.7	71.1	60.4
Sep-18	65.5	70.8	60.4
Oct-18	65.6	70.9	60.4
Nov-18	65.7	71.1	60.5
Dec-18	65.7	71.0	60.5
Jan-19	65.7	71.0	60.6
Feb-19	65.5	70.8	60.5
Mar-19	65.7	71.0	60.6
Apr-19	65.9	71.0	61.0
May-19	66.0	71.5	60.6
Jun-19	66.0	71.4	60.8
Jul-19	66.1	71.4	60.9
Aug-19	66.2	71.4	61.2
Sep-19	66.2	71.2	61.3
Oct-19	66.0	71.0	61.2
Nov-19	66.0	71.0	61.1
Dec-19	65.9	70.9	61.1
Jan-20	66.0	70.8	61.4
Feb-20	65.8	70.8	61.1
Mar-20	65.8	70.7	61.1
Apr-20	63.6	68.8	58.5
May-20	62.6	67.9	57.4
Jun-20	64.0	69.2	59.1
Jul-20	64.7	69.8	59.7
Aug-20	65.0	70.0	60.2
Sep-20	64.9	69.8	60.2
Oct-20	65.8	70.8	60.9
Nov-20	66.1	71.0	61.3
Dec-20	66.1	71.0	61.4
Jan-21	66.0	71.2	61.0
Feb-21	66.0	71.0	61.2
Mar-21	66.2	70.9	61.7
Apr-21	66.0	70.8	61.3
May-21	66.1	70.9	61.6
Jun-21	66.2	71.1	61.5
Jul-21	66.0	70.9	61.3
Aug-21	65.2	70.1	60.5
Sep-21	64.7	69.4	60.1
Oct-21	64.8	69.7	60.0
Nov-21	66.2	70.8	61.7
Dec-21	66.2	70.9	61.7
Jan-22	66.2	70.5	61.9
Feb-22	66.4	70.8	62.2
Mar-22	66.4	70.9	62.2
Apr-22	66.4	70.8	62.2
May-22	66.7	71.3	62.2
Jun-22	66.8	71.3	62.4
Jul-22	66.5	71.0	62.1
Aug-22	66.6	71.1	62.3
Sep-22	66.6	71.1	62.2
Oct-22	66.6	71.0	62.3
Nov-22	66.8	71.3	62.4
Dec-22	66.6	71.1	62.3

Participation rate, Seasonally adjusted

["","People","Males","Females"]

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Underemployment

In trend terms, in December 2022:

underemployment rate remained at 6.0%.
underutilisation rate remained at 9.4%.

Underemployment rate and underutilisation rate
	Underemployment rate - Trend (%)	Underemployment rate - Seasonally adjusted (%)	Underutilisation rate - Trend (%)	Underutilisation rate - Seasonally adjusted (%)
Dec-12	7.0	7.0	12.4	12.5
Jan-13	7.1	7.0	12.5	12.4
Feb-13	7.1	7.1	12.6	12.5
Mar-13	7.2	7.2	12.7	12.9
Apr-13	7.3	7.2	12.9	12.8
May-13	7.4	7.5	13.0	13.1
Jun-13	7.4	7.5	13.1	13.2
Jul-13	7.5	7.4	13.2	13.0
Aug-13	7.5	7.6	13.2	13.4
Sep-13	7.5	7.4	13.3	13.2
Oct-13	7.5	7.5	13.3	13.3
Nov-13	7.5	7.5	13.3	13.3
Dec-13	7.5	7.5	13.3	13.4
Jan-14	7.5	7.3	13.3	13.3
Feb-14	7.5	7.5	13.3	13.4
Mar-14	7.6	7.5	13.4	13.4
Apr-14	7.7	7.7	13.5	13.5
May-14	7.8	7.8	13.7	13.7
Jun-14	8.0	7.9	14.0	14.0
Jul-14	8.2	8.3	14.3	14.5
Aug-14	8.3	8.4	14.5	14.5
Sep-14	8.5	8.8	14.7	15.0
Oct-14	8.5	8.2	14.8	14.6
Nov-14	8.5	8.6	14.8	15.0
Dec-14	8.5	8.4	14.8	14.5
Jan-15	8.5	8.5	14.7	14.9
Feb-15	8.5	8.5	14.6	14.7
Mar-15	8.4	8.1	14.6	14.2
Apr-15	8.4	8.3	14.5	14.4
May-15	8.4	8.4	14.5	14.3
Jun-15	8.4	8.4	14.5	14.4
Jul-15	8.5	8.6	14.5	14.9
Aug-15	8.6	8.4	14.6	14.5
Sep-15	8.6	8.8	14.6	14.9
Oct-15	8.6	8.7	14.6	14.6
Nov-15	8.6	8.6	14.5	14.4
Dec-15	8.6	8.5	14.4	14.2
Jan-16	8.5	8.5	14.3	14.6
Feb-16	8.4	8.4	14.2	14.0
Mar-16	8.4	8.4	14.1	14.0
Apr-16	8.5	8.6	14.2	14.3
May-16	8.6	8.3	14.2	14.0
Jun-16	8.7	8.8	14.3	14.5
Jul-16	8.7	9.0	14.3	14.7
Aug-16	8.7	8.8	14.3	14.4
Sep-16	8.7	8.7	14.3	14.4
Oct-16	8.6	8.5	14.3	14.1
Nov-16	8.6	8.5	14.4	14.3
Dec-16	8.7	8.6	14.4	14.4
Jan-17	8.7	8.8	14.5	14.5
Feb-17	8.7	9.0	14.5	14.9
Mar-17	8.7	8.6	14.5	14.5
Apr-17	8.7	8.8	14.4	14.4
May-17	8.6	8.7	14.3	14.2
Jun-17	8.6	8.4	14.2	14.0
Jul-17	8.6	8.5	14.1	14.2
Aug-17	8.5	8.6	14.1	14.1
Sep-17	8.5	8.5	14.0	14.0
Oct-17	8.5	8.5	14.0	13.9
Nov-17	8.5	8.5	14.0	13.9
Dec-17	8.5	8.5	14.0	14.1
Jan-18	8.5	8.7	14.0	14.3
Feb-18	8.5	8.5	14.0	14.0
Mar-18	8.5	8.6	14.0	14.1
Apr-18	8.5	8.5	14.0	14.0
May-18	8.5	8.5	13.9	13.8
Jun-18	8.5	8.6	13.8	13.9
Jul-18	8.4	8.5	13.7	13.8
Aug-18	8.4	8.2	13.6	13.5
Sep-18	8.3	8.3	13.5	13.3
Oct-18	8.3	8.3	13.4	13.3
Nov-18	8.2	8.5	13.3	13.6
Dec-18	8.2	8.3	13.2	13.3
Jan-19	8.2	8.1	13.3	13.2
Feb-19	8.3	8.0	13.3	13.0
Mar-19	8.3	8.2	13.4	13.3
Apr-19	8.4	8.5	13.5	13.7
May-19	8.4	8.6	13.6	13.8
Jun-19	8.4	8.2	13.7	13.5
Jul-19	8.4	8.4	13.7	13.7
Aug-19	8.4	8.6	13.7	13.8
Sep-19	8.4	8.3	13.6	13.6
Oct-19	8.3	8.5	13.5	13.8
Nov-19	8.3	8.3	13.5	13.4
Dec-19	8.3	8.2	13.5	13.3
Jan-20	8.4	8.6	13.6	13.9
Feb-20	8.5	8.5	13.7	13.6
Mar-20	8.6	8.8	13.9	14.0
Apr-20		13.8		20.1
May-20		13.1		20.2
Jun-20		11.6		19.1
Jul-20		11.2		18.8
Aug-20		11.3		18.1
Sep-20		11.4		18.3
Oct-20		10.3		17.3
Nov-20		9.3		16.1
Dec-20		8.5		15.0
Jan-21		8.2		14.5
Feb-21		8.3		14.1
Mar-21		7.9		13.5
Apr-21		7.9		13.3
May-21		7.6		12.7
Jun-21		7.9		12.9
Jul-21		8.3		13.0
Aug-21		9.3		13.8
Sep-21		9.2		13.9
Oct-21		9.4		14.7
Nov-21		7.5		12.1
Dec-21		6.6		10.7
Jan-22		6.6		10.8
Feb-22		6.5		10.5
Mar-22		6.3		10.2
Apr-22	6.2	6.2	10.1	10.1
May-22	6.1	5.8	9.9	9.7
Jun-22	6.1	6.1	9.7	9.7
Jul-22	6.0	6.1	9.6	9.5
Aug-22	6.0	6.0	9.5	9.5
Sep-22	6.0	6.0	9.5	9.6
Oct-22	6.0	6.0	9.4	9.4
Nov-22	6.0	5.8	9.4	9.3
Dec-22	6.0	6.1	9.4	9.6

Underemployment rate and underutilisation rate

["","Underemployment rate - Trend","Underemployment rate - Seasonally adjusted","Underutilisation rate - Trend","Underutilisation rate - Seasonally adjusted"]

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[]

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Large month-to-month changes occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in multiple trend breaks. The ABS recommends caution when using trend estimates published in spreadsheets in this release for this period. A list of trend breaks can be found in Labour Force, Australia methodology, December 2022.

Underemployment rate, Seasonally adjusted
	People (%)	Males (%)	Females (%)
Dec-12	7.0	5.3	9.0
Jan-13	7.0	5.3	8.9
Feb-13	7.1	5.4	9.1
Mar-13	7.2	5.5	9.3
Apr-13	7.2	5.5	9.2
May-13	7.5	5.8	9.5
Jun-13	7.5	5.9	9.5
Jul-13	7.4	5.6	9.5
Aug-13	7.6	5.8	9.7
Sep-13	7.4	5.7	9.5
Oct-13	7.5	5.8	9.5
Nov-13	7.5	5.7	9.6
Dec-13	7.5	5.8	9.5
Jan-14	7.3	5.7	9.3
Feb-14	7.5	5.7	9.6
Mar-14	7.5	5.7	9.7
Apr-14	7.7	5.7	9.9
May-14	7.8	5.9	9.9
Jun-14	7.9	6.0	10.2
Jul-14	8.3	6.4	10.6
Aug-14	8.4	6.4	10.7
Sep-14	8.8	6.9	11.1
Oct-14	8.2	6.3	10.4
Nov-14	8.6	6.7	10.9
Dec-14	8.4	6.5	10.7
Jan-15	8.5	6.5	10.9
Feb-15	8.5	6.5	10.9
Mar-15	8.1	5.9	10.8
Apr-15	8.3	6.4	10.6
May-15	8.4	6.4	10.7
Jun-15	8.4	6.5	10.6
Jul-15	8.6	6.9	10.7
Aug-15	8.4	6.5	10.7
Sep-15	8.8	6.7	11.1
Oct-15	8.7	6.7	11.0
Nov-15	8.6	6.7	10.8
Dec-15	8.5	6.3	10.9
Jan-16	8.5	6.6	10.7
Feb-16	8.4	6.5	10.5
Mar-16	8.4	6.6	10.5
Apr-16	8.6	7.1	10.4
May-16	8.3	6.7	10.2
Jun-16	8.8	7.0	10.8
Jul-16	9.0	7.0	11.3
Aug-16	8.8	7.2	10.7
Sep-16	8.7	6.9	10.8
Oct-16	8.5	6.8	10.6
Nov-16	8.5	6.7	10.6
Dec-16	8.6	6.8	10.7
Jan-17	8.8	6.9	11.0
Feb-17	9.0	6.9	11.4
Mar-17	8.6	6.8	10.7
Apr-17	8.8	6.7	11.1
May-17	8.7	6.8	10.9
Jun-17	8.4	6.6	10.5
Jul-17	8.5	6.9	10.5
Aug-17	8.6	6.9	10.6
Sep-17	8.5	6.7	10.6
Oct-17	8.5	6.6	10.7
Nov-17	8.5	6.7	10.6
Dec-17	8.5	6.4	10.8
Jan-18	8.7	7.0	10.7
Feb-18	8.5	6.6	10.5
Mar-18	8.6	6.5	10.9
Apr-18	8.5	6.4	10.8
May-18	8.5	6.5	10.7
Jun-18	8.6	6.6	10.9
Jul-18	8.5	6.4	10.9
Aug-18	8.2	6.1	10.6
Sep-18	8.3	6.3	10.6
Oct-18	8.3	6.2	10.7
Nov-18	8.5	6.6	10.6
Dec-18	8.3	6.4	10.4
Jan-19	8.1	6.2	10.4
Feb-19	8.0	6.2	10.0
Mar-19	8.2	6.5	10.2
Apr-19	8.5	6.9	10.3
May-19	8.6	6.9	10.5
Jun-19	8.2	6.6	10.0
Jul-19	8.4	6.7	10.4
Aug-19	8.6	7.0	10.4
Sep-19	8.3	6.8	10.1
Oct-19	8.5	6.7	10.6
Nov-19	8.3	6.6	10.1
Dec-19	8.2	6.5	10.1
Jan-20	8.6	6.6	10.8
Feb-20	8.5	6.6	10.7
Mar-20	8.8	7.1	10.6
Apr-20	13.8	12.6	15.1
May-20	13.1	12.3	14.2
Jun-20	11.6	10.7	12.6
Jul-20	11.2	10.4	12.2
Aug-20	11.3	10.6	12.1
Sep-20	11.4	10.6	12.2
Oct-20	10.3	9.0	11.8
Nov-20	9.3	8.0	10.8
Dec-20	8.5	7.0	10.2
Jan-21	8.2	6.9	9.6
Feb-21	8.3	7.2	9.6
Mar-21	7.9	6.6	9.3
Apr-21	7.9	6.5	9.3
May-21	7.6	6.5	8.8
Jun-21	7.9	6.8	9.1
Jul-21	8.3	7.1	9.7
Aug-21	9.3	8.5	10.1
Sep-21	9.2	8.4	10.1
Oct-21	9.4	8.8	10.1
Nov-21	7.5	6.3	8.8
Dec-21	6.6	5.5	7.8
Jan-22	6.6	5.5	7.9
Feb-22	6.5	5.4	7.8
Mar-22	6.3	5.1	7.7
Apr-22	6.2	5.0	7.5
May-22	5.8	4.8	7.0
Jun-22	6.1	5.1	7.3
Jul-22	6.1	4.9	7.3
Aug-22	6.0	4.9	7.2
Sep-22	6.0	5.0	7.2
Oct-22	6.0	4.9	7.2
Nov-22	5.8	4.6	7.2
Dec-22	6.1	4.9	7.3

Underemployment rate, Seasonally adjusted

["","People","Males","Females"]

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[]

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States and Territories

December 2022 - Trend
	New South Wales	Victoria	Queensland	South Australia	Western Australia	Tasmania	Northern Territory	Australian Capital Territory	Australia
Employed people	4,314,000	3,517,900	2,786,500	923,600	1,516,700	290,300	141,300	259,500	13,765,200
Employed people - monthly change	0.4%	0.2%	0.0%	0.2%	0.2%	0.4%	0.3%	0.3%	0.2%
Employment to population ratio	64.4%	64.3%	63.8%	61.0%	66.6%	60.3%	71.0%	70.0%	64.4%
Employment to population ratio - monthly change	0.1 pts	0.0 pts	-0.1 pts	0.1 pts	0.0 pts	0.1 pts	0.0 pts	0.1 pts	0.0 pts
Unemployment rate	3.2%	3.5%	3.6%	4.0%	3.6%	3.8%	3.9%	2.9%	3.5%
Unemployment rate - monthly change	0.0 pts	0.0 pts	0.0 pts	-0.1 pts	0.0 pts	-0.1 pts	0.0 pts	0.0 pts	0.0 pts
Underemployment rate	5.6%	6.0%	6.6%	7.1%	5.7%	7.2%	5.3%	4.5%	6.0%
Underemployment rate - monthly change	0.0 pts	0.1 pts	0.0 pts	0.2 pts	0.0 pts	0.1 pts	0.0 pts	0.0 pts	0.0 pts
Participation rate	66.5%	66.6%	66.1%	63.5%	69.1%	62.7%	74.0%	72.1%	66.7%
Participation rate - monthly change	0.1 pts	0.0 pts	-0.1 pts	0.0 pts	0.0 pts	0.1 pts	0.0 pts	0.1 pts	0.0 pts

December 2022 - Seasonally adjusted
	New South Wales	Victoria	Queensland	South Australia	Western Australia	Tasmania	Northern Territory	Australian Capital Territory	Australia
Employed people	4,309,200	3,519,900	2,784,000	923,400	1,515,300	290,300	141,600	261,300	13,747,100
Employed people - monthly change	-0.3%	-0.4%	-0.2%	0.3%	0.3%	-0.6%	-1.5%	1.0%	-0.1%
Employment to population ratio	64.3%	64.3%	63.7%	61.0%	66.6%	60.3%	71.4%	70.4%	64.3%
Employment to population ratio - monthly change	-0.3 pts	-0.4 pts	-0.2 pts	0.1 pts	0.1 pts	-0.5 pts	-1.2 pts	0.6 pts	-0.2 pts
Unemployment rate	3.1%	3.5%	3.8%	3.9%	3.5%	3.6%	4.0%	2.8%	3.5%
Unemployment rate - monthly change	-0.1 pts	-0.2 pts	0.5 pts	-0.1 pts	0.1 pts	0.1 pts	0.7 pts	0.3 pts	0.0 pts
Underemployment rate	5.8%	6.2%	6.5%	7.9%	5.7%	7.4%	5.4%	4.5%	6.1%
Underemployment rate - monthly change	0.6 pts	0.4 pts	0.0 pts	1.0 pts	0.2 pts	0.5 pts	0.9 pts	0.0 pts	0.2 pts
Participation rate	66.3%	66.6%	66.3%	63.5%	69.0%	62.6%	74.4%	72.5%	66.6%
Participation rate - monthly change	-0.4 pts	-0.5 pts	0.1 pts	0.0 pts	0.2 pts	-0.5 pts	-0.7 pts	0.8 pts	-0.2 pts

Rotation group analysis

Sample composition and rotation

Estimates for the incoming and outgoing rotation groups

Incoming and outgoing rotation groups
	November outgoing rotation group	December incoming rotation group	December outgoing rotation group	December estimate (Original)
Employment to population ratio	62.9%	64.5%	64.9%	64.9%
Full-time employment to population ratio	44.4%	45.4%	45.8%	45.7%
Unemployment rate	3.2%	3.8%	3.5%	3.3%
Participation rate	65.0%	67.1%	67.2%	67.1%

States and Territories

Comparability with seasonally adjusted and trend data

Contribution from sample components to estimates

Data files

Download xlsx [42.23 KB]

Data downloads

Labour Force Survey results are released in three stages.

Spreadsheets of the headline indicators are published in this release
Additional, more detailed spreadsheets and pivot tables are published in Labour Force, Australia, Detailed one week after this first release
Longitudinal labour force microdata are released in the ABS DataLab on a monthly basis, one day after the detailed release (see Microdata: Longitudinal Labour Force, Australia)

See the Survey output section of Labour Force, Australia methodology for more information.

Labour Force status

Data files

Table 1. Labour force status by Sex, Australia - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original
Download xlsx [703.03 KB]
Table 4. Labour force status by Sex, New South Wales - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original
Download xlsx [520.72 KB]
Table 5. Labour force status by Sex, Victoria - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original
Download xlsx [520.22 KB]
Table 6. Labour force status by Sex, Queensland - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original
Download xlsx [522.64 KB]
Table 7. Labour force status by Sex, South Australia - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original
Download xlsx [516.14 KB]
Table 8. Labour force status by Sex, Western Australia - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original
Download xlsx [519.8 KB]
Table 9. Labour force status by Sex, Tasmania - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original
Download xlsx [518.28 KB]
Table 10. Labour force status by Sex, Northern Territory - Trend and Original
Download xlsx [467.69 KB]
Table 10a. Labour force status by Sex, Northern Territory - Seasonally adjusted
Download xlsx [161.67 KB]
Table 11. Labour force status by Sex, Australian Capital Territory - Trend and Original
Download xlsx [423.81 KB]
Table 11a. Labour force status by Sex, Australian Capital Territory - Seasonally adjusted
Download xlsx [161.91 KB]
Table 12. Labour force status by Sex, State and Territory - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original
Download xlsx [4.29 MB]
Table 12a. Labour force status by Sex, Territory - Seasonally adjusted
Download xlsx [276.77 KB]
Table 13. Labour force status for 15-24 year olds by Sex - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original
Download xlsx [688.26 KB]
Table 15. Labour force status for 15-24 year olds by Educational attendance (full-time) and Sex
Download xlsx [772.54 KB]
Table 16. Labour force status for 15-24 year olds by State, Territory and Educational attendance (full-time)
Download xlsx [2.36 MB]
Table 17. Labour force status for 15-19 year olds by Sex - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original
Download xlsx [583.76 KB]
Table 18. Labour force status for 15-64 year olds by Sex - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original
Download xlsx [698.85 KB]

Hours worked

Data files

Table 19. Monthly hours worked in all jobs by Employed full-time, part-time and Sex and by State and Territory - Trend and Seasonally adjusted
Download xlsx [255.65 KB]
Table 19a. Monthly hours worked in all jobs by Employed full-time, part-time and Sex and Territory - Seasonally adjusted
Download xlsx [60.23 KB]
Table 21. Quarterly hours worked in all jobs by Market and Non-market sector - Seasonally adjusted
Download xlsx [57.03 KB]
EM2a - Employed persons who worked fewer hours than usual by hours actually worked in all jobs and sex, January 1991 onwards (pivot table)
Download xlsx [17.97 MB]
EM2b - Employed persons who worked fewer hours than usual by hours actually worked in all jobs, state and territory, January 1991 onwards (pivot table)
Download xlsx [8.35 MB]

Underemployment and underutilisation

Data files

Table 22. Underutilised persons by Age and Sex - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original
Download xlsx [4.78 MB]
Table 23. Underutilised persons by State and Territory and Sex - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original
Download xlsx [5.84 MB]
Table 23a. Underutilised persons by Territory and Sex - Seasonally adjusted
Download xlsx [399.86 KB]
Table 24. Underutilised persons by Age and Sex (expanded analytical series)
Download xlsx [444.31 KB]
Table 25. Underutilised persons by State, Territory and Sex (expanded analytical series)
Download xlsx [367.36 KB]

Flows into and out of employment

GM1 - Labour force status and Gross changes (flows) by Age, Sex, State and Territory, February 1991 onwards

Data files

Download xlsx [96.59 MB]

All time series spreadsheets

Data files

Download zip [26.09 MB]

Data Explorer datasets

Caution: Data in the Data Explorer is currently released after the 11:30am release on the ABS website. Please check the time period when using Data Explorer.

For information on Data Explorer and how it works, see the Data Explorer user guide.

Labour force status by Sex, State and Territory - Number of people employed, unemployed and not in the labour force, monthly, February 1978 and onwards.

APA

Labour Force, Australia

APA

Key statistics

Survey impacts and changes

Guide to labour statistics

Labour Force, Australia, Detailed to be released on 25 January 2023

Articles and other information

Survey response and timeline

Unemployment

Employment

Flows into and out of employment

Full-time and part-time employment

Employment-to-population ratio

Hours worked

Participation

Underemployment

States and Territories

Rotation group analysis

Sample composition and rotation

Estimates for the incoming and outgoing rotation groups

States and Territories

Comparability with seasonally adjusted and trend data

Contribution from sample components to estimates

Data downloads

Labour Force status

Table 1. Labour force status by Sex, Australia - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 4. Labour force status by Sex, New South Wales - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 5. Labour force status by Sex, Victoria - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 6. Labour force status by Sex, Queensland - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 7. Labour force status by Sex, South Australia - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 8. Labour force status by Sex, Western Australia - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 9. Labour force status by Sex, Tasmania - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 10. Labour force status by Sex, Northern Territory - Trend and Original

Table 10a. Labour force status by Sex, Northern Territory - Seasonally adjusted

Table 11. Labour force status by Sex, Australian Capital Territory - Trend and Original

Table 11a. Labour force status by Sex, Australian Capital Territory - Seasonally adjusted

Table 12. Labour force status by Sex, State and Territory - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 12a. Labour force status by Sex, Territory - Seasonally adjusted

Table 13. Labour force status for 15-24 year olds by Sex - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 15. Labour force status for 15-24 year olds by Educational attendance (full-time) and Sex

Table 16. Labour force status for 15-24 year olds by State, Territory and Educational attendance (full-time)

Table 17. Labour force status for 15-19 year olds by Sex - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 18. Labour force status for 15-64 year olds by Sex - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Hours worked

Table 19. Monthly hours worked in all jobs by Employed full-time, part-time and Sex and by State and Territory - Trend and Seasonally adjusted

Table 19a. Monthly hours worked in all jobs by Employed full-time, part-time and Sex and Territory - Seasonally adjusted

Table 21. Quarterly hours worked in all jobs by Market and Non-market sector - Seasonally adjusted

EM2a - Employed persons who worked fewer hours than usual by hours actually worked in all jobs and sex, January 1991 onwards (pivot table)

EM2b - Employed persons who worked fewer hours than usual by hours actually worked in all jobs, state and territory, January 1991 onwards (pivot table)

Underemployment and underutilisation

Table 22. Underutilised persons by Age and Sex - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 23. Underutilised persons by State and Territory and Sex - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 23a. Underutilised persons by Territory and Sex - Seasonally adjusted

Table 24. Underutilised persons by Age and Sex (expanded analytical series)

Table 25. Underutilised persons by State, Territory and Sex (expanded analytical series)

Flows into and out of employment

GM1 - Labour force status and Gross changes (flows) by Age, Sex, State and Territory, February 1991 onwards

All time series spreadsheets

All time series spreadsheets

Data Explorer datasets

Article archive

Understanding the labour force

Employment and jobs

Unemployment and underemployment

Hours worked

Regional estimates

LFS content and output

Methodology

Previous catalogue number

Methodology

Articles

Historical charts from August 1966 to December 2022

Insights into hours worked, December 2022

Media releases

Unemployment rate remains at 3.5% in December

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