Labour Force, Australia, August 2021

	Jul-2021	Aug-2021	Monthly change	Monthly change (%)	Yearly change	Yearly change (%)
Seasonally adjusted
Employed people	13,168,900	13,022,600	-146,300	-1.1%	396,100	3.1%
Unemployed people	639,000	617,100	-21,900	-3.4%	-298,000	-32.6%
Unemployment rate	4.6%	4.5%	-0.1 pts	na	-2.2 pts	na
Underemployment rate	8.3%	9.3%	1.0 pts	na	-2.0 pts	na
Participation rate	66.0%	65.2%	-0.8 pts	na	0.2 pts	na
Monthly hours worked in all jobs	1,780 million	1,714 million	-66 million	-3.7%	27 million	1.6%

Estimates of changes throughout this release are calculated using un-rounded level estimates and may be different from, but are more accurate than, movements obtained from the rounded level estimates.

Survey impacts and changes

Hours worked

The ABS will continue to publish insights into hours worked, given the lockdowns and restrictions across Australia. This analysis provides insights into changes in total hours worked and also people working reduced or no hours.

Given the extent of changes around lockdowns, the ABS has also included data cubes EM2a and EM2b in today’s release. These data cubes are usually only released in Labour Force, Australia, Detailed, but will also be released in the headline release over the coming months, to enable more detailed analysis of changes in hours worked and the reasons that people are working reduced or no hours.

Quarterly rebenchmarking of labour force statistics

Understanding how COVID-19 support is reflected in Labour Force statistics

Over the course of the pandemic there has been a range of support provided by governments to people and businesses. These support programs have changed over time, which is important to consider when assessing changes in Labour Force statistics through the COVID period, including the extent to which people have lost their jobs or have reduced (or no) hours of work but remain employed.

The current main government support payments are paid directly to people (including the COVID-19 Disaster Relief Payment and JobSeeker Payment) or directly to businesses (including the JobSaver Payment, which, unlike the JobKeeper wage subsidy, is not paid to businesses with an explicit payroll connection to specific employees).

The ABS continues to categorise people as ‘employed’ or ‘not employed’ in the survey using the long-standing concepts and practices used in Labour Force statistics, and are not impacted or determined by whether a person or employing business is eligible or in receipt of government support.

The Labour Force Survey questionnaire, which has not changed during the COVID period, starts with two key questions that identify whether the respondents were employed:

Did you do any work at all in a job, business or farm last week?
Did you have a job, business or farm that you were away from because of holidays, sickness or any other reasons?

Anyone who indicates that they DID paid work will be considered ‘employed’.

If they DIDN’T do any paid work (paid by their employer or business), the second question will then ascertain whether they still had a job but didn’t do any work because they were temporarily away from work.

Anyone who indicates that they DIDN’T have a job (that they were absent from) will be categorised as ‘not employed’ and either ‘unemployed’ or ‘not in the labour force’, depending on their responses to other questions. People can be ‘unemployed’ or ‘not in the labour force’ while receiving the COVID-19 Disaster Payment or the JobSeeker Payment. To be categorised as ‘unemployed’ people must have not worked, be looking for work and available to start work.

Whereas, anyone who indicates that they DID have a job (that they were absent from) will be considered ‘employed’ if they were away from work for less than 4 weeks, or paid by their employer for any part of the last four weeks. These are key factors in determining whether someone is employed, particularly during lockdown periods.

Over the pandemic, falls in employment during lockdown periods have tended to increase as lockdowns have extended beyond 4 weeks. At that point, people who were temporarily absent from work and not paid by their employer for any part of the last four weeks are no longer considered to be ‘employed’ and will instead be either ‘unemployed’ or ‘not in the labour force’, depending on their responses to other questions. This is regardless of whether they still have an attachment to their job. It is also important to note that during lockdowns many people leaving employment will also leave the labour force entirely, given the challenges in actively look for work and being available for work.

Improving the estimation of short-term non-residents in the Labour Account

Seasonal adjustment and trend estimates

Survey response and timeline

Reference and Enumeration Dates
Publication	Start of Reference Week	End of Reference Week	Start of Emuneration	End of Enumeration
June 2021	30th May 2021	12th June 2021	6th June 2021	26th June 2021
July 2021	4th July 2021	17th July 2021	11th July 2021	31st July 2021
August 2021	1st August 2021	14th August 2021	8th August 2021	28th August 2021
September 2021	29th August 2021	11th September 2021	5th September 2021	25th September 2021
October 2021	26th September 2021	9th October 2021	3th October 2021	23th October 2021

October 2021 Labour Force statistics will be released on 11 November

Articles and other information

This months Labour Force release includes:

Insights into hours worked, August 2021

For a list of previously published LFS articles, see the Article archive.

Additional spreadsheets and pivot tables are published in Labour Force, Australia, Detailed one week after this release, while longitudinal labour force microdata are released in the ABS DataLab, one day after the detailed release (see Microdata: Longitudinal Labour Force, Australia).

Unemployment

In seasonally adjusted terms, in August 2021:

The unemployment rate decreased by 0.1 pts to 4.5%
The unemployment rate was 0.7 pts lower than March 2020
Unemployed people decreased by 21,900 to 617,100
Unemployed people was 106,100 lower than March 2020
The youth unemployment rate up 0.5 pts to 10.7%
The youth unemployment rate was 0.9 pts lower than March 2020

Unemployment rate, Seasonally adjusted
	People (%)
Aug-11	5.3
Sep-11	5.2
Oct-11	5.2
Nov-11	5.2
Dec-11	5.2
Jan-12	5.0
Feb-12	5.2
Mar-12	5.2
Apr-12	5.0
May-12	5.2
Jun-12	5.2
Jul-12	5.2
Aug-12	5.2
Sep-12	5.5
Oct-12	5.4
Nov-12	5.3
Dec-12	5.4
Jan-13	5.4
Feb-13	5.4
Mar-13	5.6
Apr-13	5.6
May-13	5.6
Jun-13	5.7
Jul-13	5.6
Aug-13	5.8
Sep-13	5.7
Oct-13	5.8
Nov-13	5.8
Dec-13	5.9
Jan-14	5.9
Feb-14	5.9
Mar-14	5.9
Apr-14	5.8
May-14	5.9
Jun-14	6.0
Jul-14	6.2
Aug-14	6.1
Sep-14	6.2
Oct-14	6.4
Nov-14	6.3
Dec-14	6.1
Jan-15	6.4
Feb-15	6.2
Mar-15	6.1
Apr-15	6.1
May-15	5.9
Jun-15	6.0
Jul-15	6.3
Aug-15	6.1
Sep-15	6.1
Oct-15	5.9
Nov-15	5.9
Dec-15	5.7
Jan-16	6.0
Feb-16	5.7
Mar-16	5.7
Apr-16	5.7
May-16	5.7
Jun-16	5.7
Jul-16	5.7
Aug-16	5.6
Sep-16	5.6
Oct-16	5.6
Nov-16	5.8
Dec-16	5.8
Jan-17	5.7
Feb-17	5.9
Mar-17	5.9
Apr-17	5.6
May-17	5.5
Jun-17	5.6
Jul-17	5.6
Aug-17	5.5
Sep-17	5.4
Oct-17	5.4
Nov-17	5.4
Dec-17	5.6
Jan-18	5.5
Feb-18	5.6
Mar-18	5.6
Apr-18	5.6
May-18	5.4
Jun-18	5.3
Jul-18	5.3
Aug-18	5.2
Sep-18	5.0
Oct-18	5.0
Nov-18	5.1
Dec-18	5.0
Jan-19	5.1
Feb-19	5.0
Mar-19	5.1
Apr-19	5.2
May-19	5.2
Jun-19	5.2
Jul-19	5.2
Aug-19	5.2
Sep-19	5.2
Oct-19	5.3
Nov-19	5.2
Dec-19	5.0
Jan-20	5.3
Feb-20	5.1
Mar-20	5.3
Apr-20	6.4
May-20	7.0
Jun-20	7.4
Jul-20	7.4
Aug-20	6.8
Sep-20	6.9
Oct-20	6.9
Nov-20	6.8
Dec-20	6.6
Jan-21	6.4
Feb-21	5.9
Mar-21	5.7
Apr-21	5.5
May-21	5.1
Jun-21	4.9
Jul-21	4.6
Aug-21	4.5

Unemployment rate, Seasonally adjusted

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Employment

In seasonally adjusted terms, in August 2021:

Employment decreased by 146,300 people (1.1%) to 13,022,600 people
Employment was 27,100 people (0.2%) higher than March 2020

Flows into and out of employment

Flows into and out of employment are extensive and are based on the net matched sample of original employment growth between two consecutive months (around 80% of the sample). The (net) sum of the inflows and outflows does not necessarily equal the 'net' employment growth.

For August 2021 the net decrease in the number of employed people is the result of around 460,000 people entered employment (i.e. they were not employed in July but were employed in August), while around 650,000 people left employment (i.e. they were employed in July but were not employed in August). This contrasts with July 2021 where around 550,000 people entered employment and around 500,000 people left employment.

Monthly inflows, outflows and employment growth, Original
	Employed people growth	Inflow	Outflow
Aug-16	-91	429	-423
Sep-16	40	431	-347
Oct-16	44	462	-456
Nov-16	65	467	-399
Dec-16	95	454	-406
Jan-17	-263	387	-686
Feb-17	217	638	-383
Mar-17	18	492	-397
Apr-17	68	490	-439
May-17	67	405	-357
Jun-17	-2	398	-433
Jul-17	6	425	-418
Aug-17	-16	429	-435
Sep-17	88	461	-380
Oct-17	17	402	-402
Nov-17	103	442	-352
Dec-17	114	414	-390
Jan-18	-263	360	-652
Feb-18	223	649	-382
Mar-18	-33	409	-426
Apr-18	31	398	-395
May-18	47	431	-401
Jun-18	36	407	-403
Jul-18	-33	430	-440
Aug-18	-28	419	-415
Sep-18	68	476	-405
Oct-18	39	422	-435
Nov-18	87	439	-375
Dec-18	98	442	-403
Jan-19	-236	428	-680
Feb-19	199	611	-361
Mar-19	-17	410	-432
Apr-19	46	445	-396
May-19	89	413	-377
Jun-19	-31	382	-455
Jul-19	-2	431	-467
Aug-19	-29	469	-436
Sep-19	68	431	-363
Oct-19	-26	381	-445
Nov-19	95	449	-397
Dec-19	102	443	-411
Jan-20	-266	415	-709
Feb-20	221	644	-397
Mar-20	-48	435	-464
Apr-20	-592	356	-952
May-20	-220	585	-783
Jun-20	200	610	-422
Jul-20	79	559	-437
Aug-20	91	523	-495
Sep-20	4	488	-437
Oct-20	168	548	-411
Nov-20	146	525	-356
Dec-20	114	502	-391
Jan-21	-261	421	-664
Feb-21	301	676	-355
Mar-21	27	474	-415
Apr-21	-29	498	-479
May-21	166	509	-370
Jun-21	-20	421	-460
Jul-21	-19	499	-545
Aug-21	-204	460	-646

Monthly inflows, outflows and employment growth, Original

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Note: As the inflows and outflows analysis is based on the matched sample (around 80% of the sample), and the original employment growth is based on the entire sample and the latest months weight, the (net) sum of the inflows and outflows does not necessarily equal the 'net' employment growth.

The following diagram shows the proportion of people moving between employment, unemployment and not in the labour force between July and August (based on the matched sample). It shows that:

95% of people employed in July were also employed in August (with 1% moving to unemployment and 4% to not in the labour force)
53% of people unemployed in July were also unemployed in August (with 19% moving to employment and 28% to not in the labour force)
93% of people not in the labour force in July were also not in the labour force in August (with 5% moving to employment and 2% to unemployment)

Flows in labour force status, July to August

Image

Description

Employed people, Seasonally adjusted
	Employed people
Aug-11	11,219.1
Sep-11	11,247.3
Oct-11	11,249.3
Nov-11	11,252.0
Dec-11	11,230.4
Jan-12	11,303.0
Feb-12	11,269.2
Mar-12	11,332.1
Apr-12	11,320.6
May-12	11,364.8
Jun-12	11,340.7
Jul-12	11,348.9
Aug-12	11,361.5
Sep-12	11,392.0
Oct-12	11,391.2
Nov-12	11,384.2
Dec-12	11,394.6
Jan-13	11,460.8
Feb-13	11,464.6
Mar-13	11,433.2
Apr-13	11,465.8
May-13	11,459.0
Jun-13	11,473.5
Jul-13	11,458.2
Aug-13	11,461.2
Sep-13	11,477.3
Oct-13	11,470.8
Nov-13	11,447.6
Dec-13	11,416.2
Jan-14	11,451.7
Feb-14	11,474.2
Mar-14	11,529.7
Apr-14	11,536.2
May-14	11,515.3
Jun-14	11,533.6
Jul-14	11,548.3
Aug-14	11,550.6
Sep-14	11,549.5
Oct-14	11,542.5
Nov-14	11,544.0
Dec-14	11,594.7
Jan-15	11,603.6
Feb-15	11,671.1
Mar-15	11,690.7
Apr-15	11,690.3
May-15	11,736.9
Jun-15	11,734.6
Jul-15	11,764.6
Aug-15	11,773.5
Sep-15	11,787.1
Oct-15	11,860.8
Nov-15	11,895.2
Dec-15	11,901.8
Jan-16	11,904.4
Feb-16	11,921.5
Mar-16	11,938.3
Apr-16	11,945.5
May-16	11,947.3
Jun-16	11,973.6
Jul-16	12,001.7
Aug-16	11,975.1
Sep-16	11,957.2
Oct-16	11,985.4
Nov-16	12,010.6
Dec-16	12,030.5
Jan-17	12,047.4
Feb-17	12,050.0
Mar-17	12,113.3
Apr-17	12,167.3
May-17	12,199.5
Jun-17	12,239.5
Jul-17	12,266.1
Aug-17	12,316.8
Sep-17	12,347.3
Oct-17	12,353.9
Nov-17	12,406.3
Dec-17	12,443.2
Jan-18	12,476.5
Feb-18	12,470.5
Mar-18	12,485.7
Apr-18	12,506.8
May-18	12,512.3
Jun-18	12,591.7
Jul-18	12,580.0
Aug-18	12,620.6
Sep-18	12,631.4
Oct-18	12,661.3
Nov-18	12,692.6
Dec-18	12,711.5
Jan-19	12,743.7
Feb-19	12,742.5
Mar-19	12,775.7
Apr-19	12,815.8
May-19	12,858.7
Jun-19	12,872.6
Jul-19	12,891.7
Aug-19	12,930.7
Sep-19	12,942.7
Oct-19	12,908.6
Nov-19	12,943.6
Dec-19	12,966.8
Jan-20	12,982.4
Feb-20	12,995.4
Mar-20	12,995.5
Apr-20	12,403.7
May-20	12,139.7
Jun-20	12,377.3
Jul-20	12,479.1
Aug-20	12,626.5
Sep-20	12,581.1
Oct-20	12,741.1
Nov-20	12,828.5
Dec-20	12,865.8
Jan-21	12,894.9
Feb-21	12,976.2
Mar-21	13,051.2
Apr-21	13,021.1
May-21	13,137.9
Jun-21	13,165.8
Jul-21	13,168.9
Aug-21	13,022.6

Employed people, Seasonally adjusted

["","Employed people"]

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Full-time and part-time employment

In seasonally adjusted terms, in August 2021:

Full-time employment decreased by 68,000 to 8,956,500 people, and part-time employment decreased by 78,200 to 4,066,100 people
The part-time share of employment was 31.2%, 0.5 pts lower than in March 2020

Employment-to-population ratio

In seasonally adjusted terms, in August 2021, the employment-to-population ratio:

Decreased by 0.7 pts to 62.2%
Lower than March 2020 by 0.1 pts.

The employment-to-population ratio provides a measure of employment relative to the size of the population.

Employment-to-population ratio, Seasonally adjusted
	People (%)	Males (%)	Females (%)
Aug-11	62.0	68.4	55.8
Sep-11	62.1	68.4	55.9
Oct-11	62.0	68.3	55.9
Nov-11	61.9	68.4	55.7
Dec-11	61.7	68.3	55.3
Jan-12	62.0	68.6	55.6
Feb-12	61.7	68.1	55.5
Mar-12	62.0	68.1	55.9
Apr-12	61.8	68.2	55.6
May-12	62.0	68.2	55.9
Jun-12	61.7	68.1	55.6
Jul-12	61.7	67.8	55.7
Aug-12	61.7	67.8	55.7
Sep-12	61.7	67.7	55.9
Oct-12	61.7	67.9	55.5
Nov-12	61.5	67.7	55.5
Dec-12	61.5	67.8	55.3
Jan-13	61.8	68.0	55.7
Feb-13	61.7	67.8	55.7
Mar-13	61.4	67.4	55.6
Apr-13	61.5	67.5	55.7
May-13	61.4	67.5	55.4
Jun-13	61.4	67.5	55.4
Jul-13	61.2	67.2	55.4
Aug-13	61.2	67.1	55.4
Sep-13	61.2	67.1	55.4
Oct-13	61.1	67.0	55.3
Nov-13	60.9	66.8	55.1
Dec-13	60.6	66.6	54.9
Jan-14	60.7	66.7	55.0
Feb-14	60.7	66.6	55.1
Mar-14	60.9	66.9	55.2
Apr-14	60.9	66.9	55.1
May-14	60.7	66.6	55.1
Jun-14	60.8	66.6	55.1
Jul-14	60.8	66.6	55.1
Aug-14	60.7	66.6	55.0
Sep-14	60.6	66.5	55.0
Oct-14	60.5	66.4	54.8
Nov-14	60.5	66.6	54.6
Dec-14	60.7	66.6	54.9
Jan-15	60.6	66.5	54.9
Feb-15	60.9	66.8	55.2
Mar-15	60.9	66.9	55.1
Apr-15	60.8	66.7	55.2
May-15	61.0	66.8	55.4
Jun-15	60.9	66.6	55.4
Jul-15	61.0	66.8	55.4
Aug-15	61.0	66.6	55.6
Sep-15	61.0	66.6	55.6
Oct-15	61.3	66.9	55.9
Nov-15	61.4	66.9	56.1
Dec-15	61.4	66.9	56.0
Jan-16	61.3	67.0	55.8
Feb-16	61.3	66.8	56.0
Mar-16	61.3	66.8	55.9
Apr-16	61.2	66.6	56.1
May-16	61.2	66.6	55.9
Jun-16	61.2	66.6	56.0
Jul-16	61.3	66.7	56.0
Aug-16	61.0	66.5	55.8
Sep-16	60.9	66.2	55.7
Oct-16	60.9	66.4	55.7
Nov-16	61.0	66.3	55.8
Dec-16	61.0	66.4	55.8
Jan-17	61.0	66.3	55.9
Feb-17	60.9	66.3	55.7
Mar-17	61.1	66.4	55.9
Apr-17	61.3	66.8	56.0
May-17	61.4	66.7	56.2
Jun-17	61.5	66.7	56.5
Jul-17	61.5	66.9	56.4
Aug-17	61.7	66.9	56.7
Sep-17	61.8	66.9	56.8
Oct-17	61.8	66.9	56.8
Nov-17	62.0	67.1	57.0
Dec-17	62.1	67.1	57.3
Jan-18	62.1	67.3	57.1
Feb-18	62.0	67.0	57.1
Mar-18	61.9	66.9	57.2
Apr-18	62.0	66.9	57.2
May-18	61.9	66.9	57.1
Jun-18	62.2	67.1	57.5
Jul-18	62.1	67.2	57.1
Aug-18	62.2	67.4	57.2
Sep-18	62.2	67.3	57.2
Oct-18	62.2	67.3	57.4
Nov-18	62.3	67.4	57.4
Dec-18	62.3	67.5	57.4
Jan-19	62.4	67.4	57.5
Feb-19	62.3	67.2	57.6
Mar-19	62.3	67.3	57.5
Apr-19	62.5	67.2	57.9
May-19	62.6	67.8	57.6
Jun-19	62.6	67.7	57.7
Jul-19	62.6	67.6	57.8
Aug-19	62.7	67.6	58.0
Sep-19	62.7	67.3	58.1
Oct-19	62.4	67.0	58.0
Nov-19	62.5	67.2	58.0
Dec-19	62.5	67.2	58.1
Jan-20	62.5	66.9	58.3
Feb-20	62.5	67.0	58.2
Mar-20	62.4	66.9	58.0
Apr-20	59.5	64.2	55.0
May-20	58.2	63.1	53.5
Jun-20	59.4	64.0	54.8
Jul-20	59.8	64.5	55.3
Aug-20	60.6	65.1	56.2
Sep-20	60.4	64.8	56.1
Oct-20	61.1	65.8	56.6
Nov-20	61.5	66.3	56.9
Dec-20	61.7	66.3	57.3
Jan-21	61.8	66.5	57.3
Feb-21	62.2	66.5	58.0
Mar-21	62.5	66.7	58.5
Apr-21	62.4	66.7	58.2
May-21	62.9	67.1	58.8
Jun-21	63.0	67.4	58.8
Jul-21	63.0	67.6	58.5
Aug-21	62.2	66.8	57.9

Employment-to-population ratio, Seasonally adjusted

["","People","Males","Females"]

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Hours worked

In seasonally adjusted terms, in August 2021, monthly hours worked in all jobs:

Decreased by 66.0 million hours (3.7%) to 1,714 million hours
Decreased by 51.0 million hours (2.9%) from March 2020

See the article Insights into hours worked for more.

Monthly hours worked in all jobs, Seasonally adjusted
	Hours worked (m)	Yearly change (%)
Aug-11	1,585	1.3
Sep-11	1,582	1.2
Oct-11	1,593	1.5
Nov-11	1,587	0.9
Dec-11	1,589	1.2
Jan-12	1,591	0.5
Feb-12	1,587	0.4
Mar-12	1,596	0.9
Apr-12	1,601	2.9
May-12	1,606	2.0
Jun-12	1,579	-0.2
Jul-12	1,590	0.4
Aug-12	1,589	0.3
Sep-12	1,600	1.1
Oct-12	1,587	-0.4
Nov-12	1,601	0.9
Dec-12	1,603	0.9
Jan-13	1,602	0.7
Feb-13	1,604	1.1
Mar-13	1,598	0.1
Apr-13	1,615	0.9
May-13	1,606	0.0
Jun-13	1,607	1.7
Jul-13	1,617	1.7
Aug-13	1,621	2.0
Sep-13	1,609	0.6
Oct-13	1,608	1.3
Nov-13	1,605	0.2
Dec-13	1,604	0.1
Jan-14	1,599	-0.2
Feb-14	1,607	0.2
Mar-14	1,613	1.0
Apr-14	1,604	-0.7
May-14	1,612	0.3
Jun-14	1,618	0.7
Jul-14	1,617	0.0
Aug-14	1,617	-0.2
Sep-14	1,613	0.2
Oct-14	1,611	0.2
Nov-14	1,613	0.5
Dec-14	1,602	-0.1
Jan-15	1,630	2.0
Feb-15	1,628	1.3
Mar-15	1,635	1.4
Apr-15	1,642	2.3
May-15	1,636	1.5
Jun-15	1,634	0.9
Jul-15	1,640	1.5
Aug-15	1,638	1.3
Sep-15	1,649	2.3
Oct-15	1,655	2.7
Nov-15	1,653	2.5
Dec-15	1,652	3.1
Jan-16	1,661	1.9
Feb-16	1,663	2.2
Mar-16	1,657	1.3
Apr-16	1,637	-0.3
May-16	1,664	1.7
Jun-16	1,657	1.4
Jul-16	1,662	1.3
Aug-16	1,664	1.6
Sep-16	1,660	0.7
Oct-16	1,666	0.7
Nov-16	1,666	0.8
Dec-16	1,675	1.4
Jan-17	1,695	2.1
Feb-17	1,663	0.0
Mar-17	1,681	1.5
Apr-17	1,670	2.0
May-17	1,713	3.0
Jun-17	1,708	3.1
Jul-17	1,700	2.3
Aug-17	1,704	2.4
Sep-17	1,712	3.1
Oct-17	1,717	3.1
Nov-17	1,726	3.6
Dec-17	1,722	2.8
Jan-18	1,701	0.4
Feb-18	1,723	3.6
Mar-18	1,726	2.7
Apr-18	1,750	4.8
May-18	1,732	1.1
Jun-18	1,743	2.0
Jul-18	1,743	2.5
Aug-18	1,743	2.3
Sep-18	1,748	2.1
Oct-18	1,758	2.3
Nov-18	1,749	1.3
Dec-18	1,748	1.5
Jan-19	1,761	3.5
Feb-19	1,764	2.4
Mar-19	1,776	2.9
Apr-19	1,776	1.5
May-19	1,769	2.1
Jun-19	1,771	1.6
Jul-19	1,772	1.7
Aug-19	1,777	1.9
Sep-19	1,781	1.9
Oct-19	1,778	1.2
Nov-19	1,773	1.3
Dec-19	1,784	2.1
Jan-20	1,774	0.8
Feb-20	1,771	0.4
Mar-20	1,765	-0.6
Apr-20	1,596	-10.2
May-20	1,608	-9.1
Jun-20	1,669	-5.7
Jul-20	1,683	-5.0
Aug-20	1,687	-5.0
Sep-20	1,690	-5.1
Oct-20	1,733	-2.5
Nov-20	1,754	-1.1
Dec-20	1,754	-1.7
Jan-21	1,669	-6.0
Feb-21	1,764	-0.4
Mar-21	1,804	2.2
Apr-21	1,791	12.3
May-21	1,816	13.0
Jun-21	1,783	6.8
Jul-21	1,780	5.8
Aug-21	1,714	1.6

Monthly hours worked in all jobs, Seasonally adjusted

["","Hours worked (m)","Yearly change (%)"]

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Participation

In seasonally adjusted terms, in August 2021, the participation rate:

Decreased by 0.8 pts to 65.2%
Decreased by 0.7 pts for men to 70.1% and decreased by 0.9 pts for women to 60.5%
Lower than March 2020 by 0.7 pts

Participation rate, Seasonally adjusted
	People (%)	Males (%)	Females (%)
Aug-11	65.5	72.2	59.0
Sep-11	65.5	72.1	59.1
Oct-11	65.4	72.1	58.9
Nov-11	65.4	72.0	58.9
Dec-11	65.1	71.8	58.6
Jan-12	65.3	72.1	58.7
Feb-12	65.1	71.8	58.6
Mar-12	65.3	71.8	59.1
Apr-12	65.1	71.7	58.6
May-12	65.4	71.8	59.1
Jun-12	65.1	71.6	58.8
Jul-12	65.1	71.5	58.8
Aug-12	65.0	71.6	58.6
Sep-12	65.3	71.8	59.0
Oct-12	65.2	71.8	58.8
Nov-12	64.9	71.5	58.6
Dec-12	65.0	71.7	58.6
Jan-13	65.3	71.9	58.8
Feb-13	65.2	71.7	58.9
Mar-13	65.1	71.5	58.8
Apr-13	65.1	71.5	59.0
May-13	65.0	71.6	58.7
Jun-13	65.1	71.6	58.7
Jul-13	64.9	71.3	58.7
Aug-13	64.9	71.3	58.7
Sep-13	64.8	71.2	58.7
Oct-13	64.8	71.2	58.7
Nov-13	64.6	71.0	58.4
Dec-13	64.4	70.9	58.2
Jan-14	64.6	70.8	58.5
Feb-14	64.6	70.7	58.6
Mar-14	64.7	70.9	58.8
Apr-14	64.7	71.0	58.5
May-14	64.6	70.7	58.6
Jun-14	64.7	70.9	58.7
Jul-14	64.8	71.0	58.7
Aug-14	64.7	70.9	58.6
Sep-14	64.7	70.7	58.8
Oct-14	64.6	70.8	58.7
Nov-14	64.5	71.1	58.2
Dec-14	64.6	70.8	58.6
Jan-15	64.7	71.1	58.6
Feb-15	64.9	71.2	58.8
Mar-15	64.9	71.3	58.6
Apr-15	64.8	71.1	58.7
May-15	64.9	71.0	58.9
Jun-15	64.8	70.9	59.0
Jul-15	65.1	71.1	59.3
Aug-15	64.9	70.9	59.1
Sep-15	65.0	70.9	59.2
Oct-15	65.2	71.1	59.4
Nov-15	65.2	70.9	59.7
Dec-15	65.1	70.9	59.5
Jan-16	65.2	71.3	59.4
Feb-16	65.0	70.7	59.4
Mar-16	64.9	70.8	59.3
Apr-16	64.9	70.5	59.5
May-16	64.9	70.7	59.3
Jun-16	64.9	70.4	59.6
Jul-16	65.0	70.6	59.5
Aug-16	64.7	70.4	59.1
Sep-16	64.5	70.1	59.1
Oct-16	64.5	70.2	59.0
Nov-16	64.7	70.3	59.3
Dec-16	64.8	70.5	59.2
Jan-17	64.7	70.2	59.3
Feb-17	64.7	70.4	59.2
Mar-17	64.9	70.5	59.5
Apr-17	64.9	70.6	59.5
May-17	65.0	70.6	59.5
Jun-17	65.1	70.6	59.9
Jul-17	65.2	70.8	59.7
Aug-17	65.3	70.8	60.0
Sep-17	65.3	70.7	60.1
Oct-17	65.2	70.6	60.1
Nov-17	65.5	70.9	60.3
Dec-17	65.8	71.1	60.6
Jan-18	65.8	71.2	60.5
Feb-18	65.7	71.0	60.5
Mar-18	65.6	70.8	60.6
Apr-18	65.6	70.9	60.5
May-18	65.5	70.7	60.4
Jun-18	65.7	71.0	60.6
Jul-18	65.5	71.0	60.3
Aug-18	65.6	71.1	60.4
Sep-18	65.4	70.7	60.3
Oct-18	65.5	70.8	60.4
Nov-18	65.7	71.0	60.5
Dec-18	65.6	71.0	60.5
Jan-19	65.7	71.0	60.7
Feb-19	65.6	70.7	60.6
Mar-19	65.7	70.9	60.6
Apr-19	65.9	70.9	61.1
May-19	66.0	71.5	60.7
Jun-19	66.0	71.3	60.9
Jul-19	66.1	71.3	61.0
Aug-19	66.2	71.3	61.2
Sep-19	66.1	71.1	61.2
Oct-19	65.9	70.8	61.1
Nov-19	65.9	70.9	61.1
Dec-19	65.9	70.9	61.1
Jan-20	66.0	70.8	61.5
Feb-20	65.9	70.7	61.2
Mar-20	65.9	70.7	61.2
Apr-20	63.6	68.8	58.5
May-20	62.6	68.0	57.5
Jun-20	64.1	69.1	59.2
Jul-20	64.7	69.7	59.8
Aug-20	65.0	69.9	60.2
Sep-20	64.8	69.7	60.1
Oct-20	65.7	70.7	60.8
Nov-20	66.0	71.0	61.3
Dec-20	66.0	71.0	61.3
Jan-21	66.0	71.1	61.1
Feb-21	66.1	70.9	61.4
Mar-21	66.3	70.9	61.9
Apr-21	66.0	70.8	61.3
May-21	66.2	70.9	61.7
Jun-21	66.2	71.0	61.6
Jul-21	66.0	70.8	61.4
Aug-21	65.2	70.1	60.5

Participation rate, Seasonally adjusted

["","People","Males","Females"]

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Underemployment

In seasonally adjusted terms, in August 2021:

The underemployment rate increased by 1.0 pts to 9.3%
The underemployment rate was 0.5 pts higher than March 2020
The underutilisation rate increased by 0.9 pts to 13.8%

Underemployment rate, Seasonally adjusted
	People (%)	Males (%)	Females (%)
Aug-11	6.7	5.0	8.8
Sep-11	6.8	5.0	8.9
Oct-11	6.9	5.2	9.0
Nov-11	7.1	5.3	9.1
Dec-11	7.1	5.4	9.2
Jan-12	7.2	5.5	9.1
Feb-12	7.3	5.7	9.1
Mar-12	7.2	5.6	9.1
Apr-12	7.3	5.5	9.4
May-12	7.3	5.5	9.6
Jun-12	7.2	5.4	9.3
Jul-12	7.1	5.2	9.2
Aug-12	6.9	5.1	9.0
Sep-12	6.8	5.1	8.9
Oct-12	7.0	5.2	9.1
Nov-12	7.0	5.3	9.1
Dec-12	7.0	5.4	9.0
Jan-13	7.0	5.4	8.9
Feb-13	7.1	5.4	9.1
Mar-13	7.2	5.5	9.3
Apr-13	7.2	5.5	9.2
May-13	7.5	5.8	9.5
Jun-13	7.5	5.9	9.5
Jul-13	7.4	5.6	9.5
Aug-13	7.6	5.8	9.6
Sep-13	7.4	5.7	9.5
Oct-13	7.5	5.8	9.5
Nov-13	7.5	5.7	9.6
Dec-13	7.5	5.8	9.5
Jan-14	7.3	5.7	9.3
Feb-14	7.5	5.7	9.6
Mar-14	7.5	5.7	9.7
Apr-14	7.6	5.7	9.9
May-14	7.8	5.9	9.9
Jun-14	7.9	6.0	10.2
Jul-14	8.3	6.3	10.6
Aug-14	8.4	6.4	10.7
Sep-14	8.8	6.9	11.1
Oct-14	8.2	6.3	10.4
Nov-14	8.7	6.7	10.9
Dec-14	8.5	6.5	10.7
Jan-15	8.5	6.5	10.9
Feb-15	8.5	6.5	10.9
Mar-15	8.1	5.9	10.8
Apr-15	8.3	6.3	10.6
May-15	8.4	6.3	10.7
Jun-15	8.4	6.5	10.6
Jul-15	8.6	6.8	10.7
Aug-15	8.5	6.5	10.8
Sep-15	8.8	6.8	11.2
Oct-15	8.7	6.7	11.0
Nov-15	8.6	6.7	10.8
Dec-15	8.5	6.3	10.9
Jan-16	8.5	6.6	10.7
Feb-16	8.4	6.5	10.5
Mar-16	8.4	6.6	10.5
Apr-16	8.6	7.0	10.4
May-16	8.3	6.6	10.2
Jun-16	8.8	7.0	10.8
Jul-16	9.0	7.0	11.3
Aug-16	8.8	7.2	10.7
Sep-16	8.7	6.9	10.8
Oct-16	8.6	6.8	10.6
Nov-16	8.5	6.7	10.6
Dec-16	8.6	6.8	10.7
Jan-17	8.8	6.9	11.0
Feb-17	9.0	6.9	11.5
Mar-17	8.6	6.8	10.7
Apr-17	8.7	6.6	11.1
May-17	8.6	6.7	10.8
Jun-17	8.4	6.6	10.5
Jul-17	8.5	6.9	10.5
Aug-17	8.6	6.9	10.6
Sep-17	8.6	6.8	10.6
Oct-17	8.5	6.6	10.6
Nov-17	8.5	6.7	10.6
Dec-17	8.5	6.5	10.8
Jan-18	8.8	7.1	10.7
Feb-18	8.5	6.6	10.6
Mar-18	8.6	6.5	10.9
Apr-18	8.4	6.4	10.8
May-18	8.4	6.4	10.6
Jun-18	8.6	6.6	10.8
Jul-18	8.5	6.4	10.8
Aug-18	8.2	6.1	10.6
Sep-18	8.3	6.3	10.6
Oct-18	8.3	6.2	10.7
Nov-18	8.5	6.7	10.6
Dec-18	8.3	6.5	10.4
Jan-19	8.2	6.2	10.4
Feb-19	8.1	6.2	10.2
Mar-19	8.2	6.5	10.2
Apr-19	8.4	6.8	10.3
May-19	8.5	6.8	10.5
Jun-19	8.2	6.7	9.9
Jul-19	8.4	6.8	10.3
Aug-19	8.6	7.0	10.4
Sep-19	8.4	6.8	10.1
Oct-19	8.6	6.7	10.6
Nov-19	8.3	6.7	10.1
Dec-19	8.2	6.6	10.0
Jan-20	8.7	6.7	10.8
Feb-20	8.6	6.6	10.9
Mar-20	8.8	7.1	10.6
Apr-20	13.6	12.4	15.0
May-20	13.0	12.0	14.0
Jun-20	11.6	10.9	12.5
Jul-20	11.3	10.5	12.2
Aug-20	11.3	10.6	12.1
Sep-20	11.4	10.7	12.2
Oct-20	10.4	9.2	11.8
Nov-20	9.3	8.0	10.8
Dec-20	8.5	7.1	10.1
Jan-21	8.3	7.0	9.7
Feb-21	8.4	7.2	9.8
Mar-21	7.9	6.6	9.4
Apr-21	7.8	6.4	9.2
May-21	7.4	6.3	8.7
Jun-21	7.9	6.9	9.0
Jul-21	8.3	7.1	9.6
Aug-21	9.3	8.5	10.2

Underemployment rate, Seasonally adjusted

["","People","Males","Females"]

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States and territories

August 2021, Seasonally adjusted
	New South Wales	Victoria	Queensland	South Australia	Western Australia	Tasmania	Northern Territory	Australian Capital Territory	Australia
Employed people	3,956,300	3,489,300	2,626,700	874,100	1,423,600	262,200	130,500	233,300	13,022,600
Employed people - monthly change	-4.2%	0.8%	-1.1%	-0.3%	0.9%	-0.2%	0.4%	-0.2%	-1.1%
Employment to population ratio	59.4%	64.1%	62.3%	59.8%	65.9%	58.3%	68.3%	67.6%	62.2%
Employment to population ratio - monthly change	-2.6 pts	0.6 pts	-0.8 pts	-0.2 pts	0.5 pts	-0.2 pts	0.2 pts	-0.2 pts	-0.7 pts
Unemployment rate	4.9%	4.1%	5.3%	5.0%	4.6%	5.5%	3.4%	3.5%	4.5%
Unemployment rate - monthly change	0.4 pts	-0.3 pts	0.1 pts	0.3 pts	0.0 pts	0.9 pts	-1.1 pts	-0.7 pts	-0.1 pts
Underemployment rate	10.2%	9.1%	8.4%	8.0%	6.9%	8.4%	6.7%	7.1%	9.3%
Underemployment rate - monthly change	0.9 pts	0.9 pts	0.7 pts	-0.4 pts	0.0 pts	0.2 pts	0.9 pts	0.7 pts	1.0 pts
Participation rate	62.4%	66.9%	65.9%	62.9%	69.0%	61.7%	70.7%	70.1%	65.2%
Participation rate - monthly change	-2.5 pts	0.3 pts	-0.7 pts	0.0 pts	0.5 pts	0.4 pts	-0.6 pts	-0.7 pts	-0.8 pts

Rotation group analysis

Sample composition and rotation

Estimates for the incoming and outgoing rotation groups

Incoming and outgoing rotation groups
	July outgoing rotation group	August incoming rotation group	August outgoing rotation group	August estimate (Original)
Employment to population ratio	63.1%	62.3%	61.6%	61.9%
Full-time employment to population ratio	44.0%	41.7%	43.5%	42.4%
Unemployment rate	4.3%	4.9%	4.2%	4.6%
Participation rate	65.9%	65.5%	64.3%	64.9%

States and territories

Managing COVID-19 impacts on the incoming rotation groups

Comparability with seasonally adjusted data

Contribution from sample components to estimates

Data files

Download xlsx [44.59 KB]

Data downloads

Labour Force Survey results are released in three stages.

Spreadsheets of the headline indicators are published in this release
Additional, more detailed spreadsheets and pivot tables are published in Labour Force, Australia, Detailed one week after this first release
Longitudinal labour force microdata are released in the ABS DataLab on a monthly basis, one day after the detailed release (see Microdata: Longitudinal Labour Force, Australia)

See the Survey output section of Labour Force, Australia methodology for more information.

Labour Force status

Data files

Table 1. Labour force status by Sex, Australia - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original
Download xls [7.05 MB]
Table 4. Labour force status by Sex, New South Wales - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original
Download xls [4.32 MB]
Table 5. Labour force status by Sex, Victoria - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original
Download xls [4.33 MB]
Table 6. Labour force status by Sex, Queensland - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original
Download xls [4.35 MB]
Table 7. Labour force status by Sex, South Australia - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original
Download xls [4.36 MB]
Table 8. Labour force status by Sex, Western Australia - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original
Download xls [4.36 MB]
Table 9. Labour force status by Sex, Tasmania - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original
Download xls [4.56 MB]
Table 10. Labour force status by Sex, Northern Territory - Trend and Original
Download xls [5.18 MB]
Table 10a. Labour force status by Sex, Northern Territory - Seasonally adjusted
Download xls [279 KB]
Table 11. Labour force status by Sex, Australian Capital Territory - Trend and Original
Download xls [4.49 MB]
Table 11a. Labour force status by Sex, Australian Capital Territory - Seasonally adjusted
Download xls [279 KB]
Table 12. Labour force status by Sex, State and Territory - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original
Download xls [42.48 MB]
Table 12a. Labour force status by Sex, Territory - Seasonally adjusted
Download xls [486.5 KB]
Table 13. Labour force status for 15-24 year olds by Sex - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original
Download xls [7.04 MB]
Table 15. Labour force status for 15-24 year olds by Educational attendance (full-time) and Sex
Download xls [1.62 MB]
Table 16. Labour force status for 15-24 year olds by State, Territory and Educational attendance (full-time)
Download xls [8.59 MB]
Table 17. Labour force status for 15-19 year olds by Sex - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original
Download xls [5.4 MB]
Table 18. Labour force status for 15-64 year olds by Sex - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original
Download xls [7.04 MB]

Hours worked

Data files

Table 19. Monthly hours worked in all jobs by Employed full-time, part-time and Sex and by State and Territory - Trend and Seasonally adjusted
Download xls [3.13 MB]
Table 19a. Monthly hours worked in all jobs by Employed full-time, part-time and Sex and Territory - Seasonally adjusted
Download xls [93 KB]
Table 21. Quarterly hours worked in all jobs by Market and Non-market sector - Seasonally adjusted
Download xls [81 KB]
EM2a - Employed persons who worked fewer hours than usual by hours actually worked in all jobs and sex, January 1991 onwards (pivot table)
Download xlsx [16.91 MB]
EM2b - Employed persons who worked fewer hours than usual by hours actually worked in all jobs, state and territory, January 1991 onwards (pivot table)
Download xlsx [7.85 MB]

Underemployment and underutilisation

Data files

Table 22. Underutilised persons by Age and Sex - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original
Download xls [46.66 MB]
Table 23. Underutilised persons by State and Territory and Sex - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original
Download xls [63.05 MB]
Table 23a. Underutilised persons by Territory and Sex - Seasonally adjusted
Download xls [724 KB]
Table 24. Underutilised persons by Age and Sex (expanded analytical series)
Download xls [815 KB]
Table 25. Underutilised persons by State, Territory and Sex (expanded analytical series)
Download xls [678.5 KB]

APA

Labour Force, Australia

APA

Key statistics

Survey impacts and changes

Hours worked

Quarterly rebenchmarking of labour force statistics

Understanding how COVID-19 support is reflected in Labour Force statistics

Improving the estimation of short-term non-residents in the Labour Account

Seasonal adjustment and trend estimates

Survey response and timeline

October 2021 Labour Force statistics will be released on 11 November

Articles and other information

Unemployment

Employment

Flows into and out of employment

Flows in labour force status, July to August

Full-time and part-time employment

Employment-to-population ratio

Hours worked

Participation

Underemployment

States and territories

Rotation group analysis

Sample composition and rotation

Estimates for the incoming and outgoing rotation groups

States and territories

Managing COVID-19 impacts on the incoming rotation groups

Comparability with seasonally adjusted data

Contribution from sample components to estimates

Data downloads

Labour Force status

Table 1. Labour force status by Sex, Australia - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 4. Labour force status by Sex, New South Wales - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 5. Labour force status by Sex, Victoria - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 6. Labour force status by Sex, Queensland - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 7. Labour force status by Sex, South Australia - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 8. Labour force status by Sex, Western Australia - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 9. Labour force status by Sex, Tasmania - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 10. Labour force status by Sex, Northern Territory - Trend and Original

Table 10a. Labour force status by Sex, Northern Territory - Seasonally adjusted

Table 11. Labour force status by Sex, Australian Capital Territory - Trend and Original

Table 11a. Labour force status by Sex, Australian Capital Territory - Seasonally adjusted

Table 12. Labour force status by Sex, State and Territory - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 12a. Labour force status by Sex, Territory - Seasonally adjusted

Table 13. Labour force status for 15-24 year olds by Sex - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 15. Labour force status for 15-24 year olds by Educational attendance (full-time) and Sex

Table 16. Labour force status for 15-24 year olds by State, Territory and Educational attendance (full-time)

Table 17. Labour force status for 15-19 year olds by Sex - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 18. Labour force status for 15-64 year olds by Sex - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Hours worked

Table 19. Monthly hours worked in all jobs by Employed full-time, part-time and Sex and by State and Territory - Trend and Seasonally adjusted

Table 19a. Monthly hours worked in all jobs by Employed full-time, part-time and Sex and Territory - Seasonally adjusted

Table 21. Quarterly hours worked in all jobs by Market and Non-market sector - Seasonally adjusted

EM2a - Employed persons who worked fewer hours than usual by hours actually worked in all jobs and sex, January 1991 onwards (pivot table)

EM2b - Employed persons who worked fewer hours than usual by hours actually worked in all jobs, state and territory, January 1991 onwards (pivot table)

Underemployment and underutilisation

Table 22. Underutilised persons by Age and Sex - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 23. Underutilised persons by State and Territory and Sex - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 23a. Underutilised persons by Territory and Sex - Seasonally adjusted

Table 24. Underutilised persons by Age and Sex (expanded analytical series)

Table 25. Underutilised persons by State, Territory and Sex (expanded analytical series)

Flows into and out of employment

GM1 - Labour force status and Gross changes (flows) by Age, Sex, State and Territory, February 1991 onwards

All time series spreadsheets

All time series spreadsheets

Article archive

Understanding the labour force

Employment and jobs

Unemployment and underemployment

Hours worked

Regional estimates

LFS content and output

Methodology

Previous catalogue number

Methodology

Articles

Insights into hours worked, August 2021

Media releases

Employment and hours fall as lockdowns increase