Monthly Consumer Price Index Indicator

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The monthly CPI indicator is a measure of inflation and includes statistics about prices for categories of households expenditure

Reference period

May 2023

Released

28/06/2023

View all releases

Key statistics

The monthly CPI indicator rose 5.6% in the twelve months to May.
The most significant price rises were Housing (+8.4%), Food and non-alcoholic beverages (+7.9%) and Furnishings, household equipment and services group (+6.0%).
Offsetting the rise was Automotive fuel (-8.0%).

Main features

Weighted average of eight capital cities, annual movement
	Mar 22 to Mar 23 % change	Apr 22 to Apr 23 % change	May 22 to May 23 % change
All groups monthly CPI	6.3	6.8	5.6
Food and non-alcoholic beverages	8.1	7.9	7.9
Bread and cereal products	10.8	11.4	12.8
Meat & seafood	4.3	4.4	3.8
Dairy and related products	15.1	14.5	15.1
Fruit & vegetables	5.9	3.5	2.7
Food products n.e.c.	11.8	11.7	11.5
Non-alcoholic beverages	7.2	9.7	9.2
Meals out and takeaway foods*	7.3	7.3	7.7
Alcohol and tobacco	4.9	4.8	4.7
Alcohol	5.4	5.1	5.0
Tobacco	3.9	4.3	4.1
Clothing and footwear	3.2	2.0	-0.4
Garments	3.0	3.5	-0.6
Housing	9.5	8.9	8.4
Rents	5.3	6.1	6.3
New dwelling purchases by owner-occupiers	11.1	9.2	8.3
Electricity	15.7	15.2	14.1
Furnishings, household equipment and services	7.2	6.3	6.0
Health	5.4	4.7	4.7
Transport	0.8	7.1	0.8
Automotive fuel	-8.2	9.5	-8.0
Communications	1.2	0.2	1.1
Recreation and culture	6.1	6.4	3.5
Holiday travel and accommodation	13.9	11.9	7.3
Education	5.5	5.5	5.5
Insurance and financial services	6.6	6.7	7.8
CPI analytical series
Seasonally adjusted	6.6	6.9	5.8
CPI excluding volatile items** and holiday travel	6.9	6.5	6.4
Annual Trimmed mean	6.5	6.7	6.1

* Measured quarterly
**Volatile items are Fruit and vegetables and Automotive fuel

Monthly Overview

The monthly CPI indicator rose 5.6% annually in May, down from 6.8% in April.

The annual movement for the monthly CPI excluding volatile items and travel rose 6.4% in May, slightly lower than the rise of 6.5% in April. This series excludes Fruit and vegetables, Automotive fuel, and Holiday travel and accommodation.

Annual trimmed mean inflation was 6.1% in May, down from 6.7% in April.

All groups Monthly CPI indicator, Australia, annual movement (%)
	All groups CPI annual (%)	Annual Trimmed mean (%)	All groups CPI excluding volatile items* & holiday travel (%)
May-19	1.5	1.4	1.3
Jun-19	1.4	1.5	1.4
Jul-19	1.6	1.4	1.6
Aug-19	1.6	1.3	1.6
Sep-19	1.7	1.5	1.9
Oct-19	1.8	1.6	1.9
Nov-19	1.8	1.6	1.7
Dec-19	2.2	1.8	1.8
Jan-20	2.7	2.1	2.0
Feb-20	2.0	1.7	2.1
Mar-20	2.1	1.8	2.4
Apr-20	0.1	1.3	1.2
May-20	-0.2	1.3	0.6
Jun-20	-0.1	1.2	0.4
Jul-20	0.8	1.0	1.4
Aug-20	1.1	1.3	1.3
Sep-20	0.4	1.0	1.4
Oct-20	0.5	1.3	1.9
Nov-20	1.1	1.5	2.1
Dec-20	0.3	1.3	1.8
Jan-21	0.4	1.4	1.9
Feb-21	1.1	1.1	1.5
Mar-21	0.8	0.9	1.1
Apr-21	2.5	0.9	2.1
May-21	3.3	1.5	3.0
Jun-21	3.5	1.5	3.4
Jul-21	2.1	1.6	2.1
Aug-21	2.5	2.0	2.6
Sep-21	3.1	2.3	2.5
Oct-21	3.0	2.3	2.0
Nov-21	3.2	2.3	2.2
Dec-21	3.5	2.7	2.9
Jan-22	4.0	3.0	3.0
Feb-22	4.8	3.4	4.0
Mar-22	5.7	3.8	4.4
Apr-22	5.5	4.0	4.9
May-22	6.1	4.4	5.2
Jun-22	6.8	4.5	5.5
Jul-22	7.1	5.3	6.0
Aug-22	7.0	5.8	6.4
Sep-22	7.2	6.1	6.6
Oct-22	7.0	6.1	7.0
Nov-22	7.4	6.6	7.1
Dec-22	8.4	7.2	7.3
Jan-23	7.4	6.5	6.9
Feb-23	6.8	6.5	6.8
Mar-23	6.3	6.5	6.9
Apr-23	6.8	6.7	6.5
May-23	5.6	6.1	6.4

All groups Monthly CPI indicator, Australia, annual movement (%)

["","All groups CPI annual","Annual Trimmed mean","All groups CPI excluding volatile items* & holiday travel"]

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*Volatile items are Fruit and vegetables and Automotive fuel

All groups and Groups monthly CPI indicator, Australia, annual movement (%)
	Dec-22 (%)	Jan-23 (%)	Feb-23 (%)	Mar-23 (%)	Apr-23 (%)	May-23 (%)
All groups	8.4	7.4	6.8	6.3	6.8	5.6
Food & non-alcoholic beverages	9.5	8.2	8.0	8.1	7.9	7.9
Alcohol & tobacco	4.2	4.0	4.3	4.9	4.8	4.7
Clothing & footwear	6.3	3.1	3.7	3.2	2.0	-0.4
Housing	10.6	10.4	9.9	9.5	8.9	8.4
Furnishings, household equipment & services	8.5	6.8	6.6	7.2	6.3	6.0
Health	4.2	5.0	5.0	5.4	4.7	4.7
Transport	7.2	6.1	5.6	0.8	7.1	0.8
Communications	1.5	1.3	1.2	1.2	0.2	1.1
Recreation & culture	14.4	10.2	6.4	6.1	6.4	3.5
Education	4.6	4.6	5.6	5.5	5.5	5.5
Insurance & financial services	5.0	5.1	5.6	6.6	6.7	7.8

All groups and Groups monthly CPI indicator, Australia, annual movement (%)

["","Dec-22","Jan-23","Feb-23","Mar-23","Apr-23","May-23"]

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New dwellings

New dwelling prices rose 8.3% in the twelve months to May, reflecting high labour and material costs.

The rate of price growth has continued to ease compared to the record high increase of 21.7% in the twelve months to July 2022. This reflects a softening in new demand and improvements in the supply of materials.

New dwelling purchase by owner occupiers, Australia, monthly and annual movement (%)
	monthly change (%)	annual change (%)
May-19	-0.2	0.2
Jun-19	0.1	-0.2
Jul-19	0.0	0.0
Aug-19	-0.4	0.0
Sep-19	0.5	0.1
Oct-19	0.1	0.1
Nov-19	0.0	-0.1
Dec-19	0.2	-0.1
Jan-20	0.1	0.4
Feb-20	0.4	0.8
Mar-20	-0.1	0.5
Apr-20	0.0	0.7
May-20	-0.3	0.6
Jun-20	0.5	1.0
Jul-20	0.2	1.2
Aug-20	0.2	1.8
Sep-20	0.0	1.3
Oct-20	0.2	1.4
Nov-20	0.4	1.8
Dec-20	0.0	1.6
Jan-21	0.8	2.3
Feb-21	-1.0	0.9
Mar-21	-0.1	0.9
Apr-21	-0.9	0.0
May-21	1.3	1.6
Jun-21	0.8	1.9
Jul-21	0.5	2.1
Aug-21	2.1	4.1
Sep-21	0.9	5.0
Oct-21	0.2	5.0
Nov-21	2.2	6.9
Dec-21	2.5	9.6
Jan-22	1.6	10.5
Feb-22	1.6	13.4
Mar-22	2.0	15.8
Apr-22	2.2	19.3
May-22	1.3	19.4
Jun-22	1.9	20.7
Jul-22	1.3	21.7
Aug-22	1.1	20.5
Sep-22	0.5	20.0
Oct-22	0.5	20.4
Nov-22	0.1	17.9
Dec-22	0.9	16.0
Jan-23	0.5	14.7
Feb-23	0.2	13.0
Mar-23	0.2	11.1
Apr-23	0.5	9.2
May-23	0.4	8.3

New dwelling purchase by owner occupiers, Australia, monthly and annual movement (%)

["","monthly change","annual change"]

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Rents

Rent prices increased 6.3% in the twelve months to May 2023, up from 6.1% in April, reflecting strong demand for rental properties and tight rental markets.

Rents, Australia, annual movement (%)
	annual change (%)
May-19	0.4
Jun-19	0.4
Jul-19	0.4
Aug-19	0.4
Sep-19	0.4
Oct-19	0.4
Nov-19	0.2
Dec-19	0.2
Jan-20	0.2
Feb-20	0.2
Mar-20	0.2
Apr-20	0.2
May-20	-1.2
Jun-20	-1.2
Jul-20	-1.2
Aug-20	-1.5
Sep-20	-1.5
Oct-20	-1.5
Nov-20	-1.4
Dec-20	-1.4
Jan-21	-1.4
Feb-21	-1.5
Mar-21	-1.5
Apr-21	-1.5
May-21	0.0
Jun-21	0.0
Jul-21	0.0
Aug-21	0.3
Sep-21	0.3
Oct-21	0.3
Nov-21	0.3
Dec-21	0.3
Jan-22	0.3
Feb-22	1.0
Mar-22	1.0
Apr-22	1.0
May-22	1.5
Jun-22	1.5
Jul-22	2.0
Aug-22	2.4
Sep-22	2.9
Oct-22	3.5
Nov-22	3.6
Dec-22	4.1
Jan-23	4.8
Feb-23	4.8
Mar-23	5.3
Apr-23	6.1
May-23	6.3

Rents, Australia, annual movement (%)

["","annual change"]

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Food and non-alcoholic beverages

Annual prices for Food and non-alcoholic beverages rose 7.9%, with price rises seen across all food categories.

The main contributor was Meals out and takeaway food, which rose 7.7%. The increase was due to higher input costs including ingredients, energy, rents and wages. Food products n.e.c. rose 11.5% due to price rises for snacks and confectionary products and edible oils. Dairy and related products rose 15.1% due to higher input costs such as farmgate milk prices.

Food and non-alcoholic beverages, Australia, annual and month movement (%)
	annual change (%)	month change (%)
Food & non-alcoholic beverages	7.9	1.0
Bread and cereal products	12.8	1.7
Meat and seafoods	3.8	0.4
Dairy and related products	15.1	-0.2
Fruit and vegetables	2.7	1.4
Food products n.e.c.	11.5	-0.2
Non-alcoholic beverages	9.2	-0.1
Meals out and take away foods*	7.7	1.8

Food and non-alcoholic beverages, Australia, annual and month movement (%)

["","annual change","month change"]

[["Food & non-alcoholic beverages","Bread and cereal products","Meat and seafoods","Dairy and related products","Fruit and vegetables","Food products n.e.c.","Non-alcoholic beverages","Meals out and take away foods*"],[[7.9000000000000004],[12.800000000000001],[3.7999999999999998],[15.1],[2.7000000000000002],[11.5],[9.1999999999999993],[7.7000000000000002]],[[1],[1.7],[0.40000000000000002],[-0.20000000000000001],[1.3999999999999999],[-0.20000000000000001],[-0.10000000000000001],[1.8]]]

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* Measured quarterly

Automotive fuel

Automotive fuel prices fell 8.0% in the twelve months to May, following a rise of 9.5% in April.

In monthly terms, Automotive fuel prices fell 6.7% in May due to increased oil production and a higher Australian dollar lowering the cost for imported oil.

Automotive fuel, Australia, annual and monthly movement (%)
	monthly change (%)	annual change (%)
May-19	1.6	0.6
Jun-19	-4.7	-4.8
Jul-19	0.4	-2.6
Aug-19	-0.9	-3.4
Sep-19	2.8	-5.6
Oct-19	3.9	-5.0
Nov-19	-2.0	4.4
Dec-19	0.9	10.9
Jan-20	-0.7	17.1
Feb-20	-3.4	8.5
Mar-20	-9.3	-6.4
Apr-20	-15.9	-25.6
May-20	0.9	-26.1
Jun-20	9.1	-15.3
Jul-20	3.5	-12.7
Aug-20	-1.0	-12.8
Sep-20	0.6	-14.7
Oct-20	-0.4	-18.2
Nov-20	-1.0	-17.4
Dec-20	4.6	-14.3
Jan-21	1.7	-12.3
Feb-21	2.6	-6.9
Mar-21	7.0	9.9
Apr-21	1.7	32.9
May-21	-0.8	30.6
Jun-21	-0.3	19.4
Jul-21	7.1	23.6
Aug-21	-0.7	24.0
Sep-21	2.6	26.5
Oct-21	5.4	33.9
Nov-21	1.3	37.0
Dec-21	-3.4	26.5
Jan-22	4.3	29.7
Feb-22	6.0	34.0
Mar-22	12.5	40.9
Apr-22	-13.8	19.4
May-22	11.0	33.7
Jun-22	6.9	43.2
Jul-22	-3.4	29.2
Aug-22	-11.5	15.0
Sep-22	-1.7	10.1
Oct-22	7.0	11.8
Nov-22	5.6	16.6
Dec-22	-8.1	10.8
Jan-23	1.1	7.5
Feb-23	4.1	5.6
Mar-23	-2.2	-8.2
Apr-23	2.9	9.5
May-23	-6.7	-8.0

Automotive fuel, Australia, annual and monthly movement (%)

["","monthly change","annual change"]

[["May-19","Jun-19","Jul-19","Aug-19","Sep-19","Oct-19","Nov-19","Dec-19","Jan-20","Feb-20","Mar-20","Apr-20","May-20","Jun-20","Jul-20","Aug-20","Sep-20","Oct-20","Nov-20","Dec-20","Jan-21","Feb-21","Mar-21","Apr-21","May-21","Jun-21","Jul-21","Aug-21","Sep-21","Oct-21","Nov-21","Dec-21","Jan-22","Feb-22","Mar-22","Apr-22","May-22","Jun-22","Jul-22","Aug-22","Sep-22","Oct-22","Nov-22","Dec-22","Jan-23","Feb-23","Mar-23","Apr-23","May-23"],[[1.6000000000000001],[-4.7000000000000002],[0.40000000000000002],[-0.90000000000000002],[2.7999999999999998],[3.8999999999999999],[-2],[0.90000000000000002],[-0.69999999999999996],[-3.3999999999999999],[-9.3000000000000007],[-15.9],[0.90000000000000002],[9.0999999999999996],[3.5],[-1],[0.59999999999999998],[-0.40000000000000002],[-1],[4.5999999999999996],[1.7],[2.6000000000000001],[7],[1.7],[-0.80000000000000004],[-0.29999999999999999],[7.0999999999999996],[-0.69999999999999996],[2.6000000000000001],[5.4000000000000004],[1.3],[-3.3999999999999999],[4.2999999999999998],[6],[12.5],[-13.800000000000001],[11],[6.9000000000000004],[-3.3999999999999999],[-11.5],[-1.7],[7],[5.5999999999999996],[-8.0999999999999996],[1.1000000000000001],[4.0999999999999996],[-2.2000000000000002],[2.8999999999999999],[-6.7000000000000002]],[[0.59999999999999998],[-4.7999999999999998],[-2.6000000000000001],[-3.3999999999999999],[-5.5999999999999996],[-5],[4.4000000000000004],[10.9],[17.100000000000001],[8.5],[-6.4000000000000004],[-25.600000000000001],[-26.100000000000001],[-15.300000000000001],[-12.699999999999999],[-12.800000000000001],[-14.699999999999999],[-18.199999999999999],[-17.399999999999999],[-14.300000000000001],[-12.300000000000001],[-6.9000000000000004],[9.9000000000000004],[32.899999999999999],[30.600000000000001],[19.399999999999999],[23.600000000000001],[24],[26.5],[33.899999999999999],[37],[26.5],[29.699999999999999],[34],[40.899999999999999],[19.399999999999999],[33.700000000000003],[43.200000000000003],[29.199999999999999],[15],[10.1],[11.800000000000001],[16.600000000000001],[10.800000000000001],[7.5],[5.5999999999999996],[-8.1999999999999993],[9.5],[-8]]]

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Holiday travel and accommodation

Holiday travel and accommodation rose 7.3% in the twelve months to May, down from 11.9% in April. While demand and prices remain elevated for both Domestic and International holiday travel and accommodation, prices have eased since peaking in December 2022.

In monthly terms, Holiday travel and accommodation prices fell 11.3%, driven by domestic holiday travel and accommodation. Prices fell in May following strong demand in April due to Easter and the school holiday period.

Holiday travel and accommodation, Australia, monthly and annual movement (%)
	monthly change (%)	annual change (%)
May-19	-7.1	2.6
Jun-19	2.8	3.6
Jul-19	8.2	3.2
Aug-19	-6.8	4.8
Sep-19	1.5	2.4
Oct-19	2.9	4.4
Nov-19	-6.2	1.2
Dec-19	14.6	2.3
Jan-20	-1.1	3.8
Feb-20	-13.4	-0.5
Mar-20	1.9	4.4
Apr-20	2.7	-3.0
May-20	-2.0	2.3
Jun-20	-0.4	-0.9
Jul-20	6.0	-2.9
Aug-20	-0.5	3.7
Sep-20	-9.1	-7.1
Oct-20	-1.1	-10.7
Nov-20	-0.9	-5.7
Dec-20	11.6	-8.2
Jan-21	-2.6	-9.6
Feb-21	-7.9	-3.9
Mar-21	-1.5	-7.1
Apr-21	5.8	-4.2
May-21	-6.1	-8.3
Jun-21	4.3	-4.0
Jul-21	-1.4	-10.7
Aug-21	-0.3	-10.5
Sep-21	4.5	2.8
Oct-21	1.7	5.7
Nov-21	-4.1	2.3
Dec-21	10.8	1.5
Jan-22	1.9	6.1
Feb-22	-12.4	1.0
Mar-22	2.3	5.0
Apr-22	9.0	8.2
May-22	-7.5	6.6
Jun-22	5.4	7.8
Jul-22	3.6	13.3
Aug-22	-5.0	7.9
Sep-22	9.1	12.6
Oct-22	-6.4	3.7
Nov-22	4.3	12.8
Dec-22	27.0	29.3
Jan-23	-7.2	17.8
Feb-23	-14.6	14.9
Mar-23	1.5	13.9
Apr-23	7.2	11.9
May-23	-11.3	7.3

Holiday travel and accommodation, Australia, monthly and annual movement (%)

["","monthly change","annual change"]

[["May-19","Jun-19","Jul-19","Aug-19","Sep-19","Oct-19","Nov-19","Dec-19","Jan-20","Feb-20","Mar-20","Apr-20","May-20","Jun-20","Jul-20","Aug-20","Sep-20","Oct-20","Nov-20","Dec-20","Jan-21","Feb-21","Mar-21","Apr-21","May-21","Jun-21","Jul-21","Aug-21","Sep-21","Oct-21","Nov-21","Dec-21","Jan-22","Feb-22","Mar-22","Apr-22","May-22","Jun-22","Jul-22","Aug-22","Sep-22","Oct-22","Nov-22","Dec-22","Jan-23","Feb-23","Mar-23","Apr-23","May-23"],[[-7.0999999999999996],[2.7999999999999998],[8.1999999999999993],[-6.7999999999999998],[1.5],[2.8999999999999999],[-6.2000000000000002],[14.6],[-1.1000000000000001],[-13.4],[1.8999999999999999],[2.7000000000000002],[-2],[-0.40000000000000002],[6],[-0.5],[-9.0999999999999996],[-1.1000000000000001],[-0.90000000000000002],[11.6],[-2.6000000000000001],[-7.9000000000000004],[-1.5],[5.7999999999999998],[-6.0999999999999996],[4.2999999999999998],[-1.3999999999999999],[-0.29999999999999999],[4.5],[1.7],[-4.0999999999999996],[10.800000000000001],[1.8999999999999999],[-12.4],[2.2999999999999998],[9],[-7.5],[5.4000000000000004],[3.6000000000000001],[-5],[9.0999999999999996],[-6.4000000000000004],[4.2999999999999998],[27],[-7.2000000000000002],[-14.6],[1.5],[7.2000000000000002],[-11.300000000000001]],[[2.6000000000000001],[3.6000000000000001],[3.2000000000000002],[4.7999999999999998],[2.3999999999999999],[4.4000000000000004],[1.2],[2.2999999999999998],[3.7999999999999998],[-0.5],[4.4000000000000004],[-3],[2.2999999999999998],[-0.90000000000000002],[-2.8999999999999999],[3.7000000000000002],[-7.0999999999999996],[-10.699999999999999],[-5.7000000000000002],[-8.1999999999999993],[-9.5999999999999996],[-3.8999999999999999],[-7.0999999999999996],[-4.2000000000000002],[-8.3000000000000007],[-4],[-10.699999999999999],[-10.5],[2.7999999999999998],[5.7000000000000002],[2.2999999999999998],[1.5],[6.0999999999999996],[1],[5],[8.1999999999999993],[6.5999999999999996],[7.7999999999999998],[13.300000000000001],[7.9000000000000004],[12.6],[3.7000000000000002],[12.800000000000001],[29.300000000000001],[17.800000000000001],[14.9],[13.9],[11.9],[7.2999999999999998]]]

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Insurance

Insurance prices rose 14.2% in the twelve months to May, up from 8.7% in April. This is the strongest annual rise on record reflecting higher premiums for house, home contents, and motor vehicle insurance.

Data downloads

Download all (116.8 KB)

Time Series Spreadsheets

Data files

TABLE 1. Monthly CPI Indicator: All groups, Groups, select Expenditure classes and Analytical series Australia, Index Numbers and Percentage Change from Corresponding Month of Previous Year, Weighted Average of Eight Capital Cities.
Download xlsx [75.21 KB]
TABLE 2. Monthly CPI Indicator: Select Groups, select Expenditure classes and Analytical series. Percentage Change from previous period, Weighted Average of Eight Capital Cities.
Download xlsx [52.5 KB]

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Data explorer for the monthly CPI indicator.

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Detailed monthly data

Monthly Expenditure class data

	Monthly % Change			Annual % Change
Index name	Mar 23	Apr 23	May 23	May 22 to May 23	Frequency
Bread	-0.2	2.9	3.5	15.3	Monthly
Cakes and biscuits	-0.2	1.9	0.2	11.7	Monthly
Breakfast cereals	4.6	-2.6	3.8	11.4	Monthly
Other cereal products	1.3	0.2	-0.3	9.4	Monthly
Beef and veal	-0.4	-0.4	-0.8	-2.0	Monthly
Pork	0.1	-0.8	0.1	3.2	Monthly
Lamb and goat	-1.0	1.2	0.2	-2.0	Monthly
Poultry	0.8	1.0	1.1	8.0	Monthly
Other meats	0.3	-0.6	0.5	5.5	Monthly
Fish and other seafood	-1.0	1.1	1.3	10.5	Monthly
Milk	1.3	-0.9	-0.1	15.8	Monthly
Cheese	1.1	-0.4	0.2	15.2	Monthly
Ice cream & other dairy products	3.6	2.3	-0.5	13.9	Monthly
Fruit EC	0.6	-3.9	0.6	5.5	Monthly
Vegetables	1.4	1.6	2.1	0.8	Monthly
Eggs	0.5	0.0	0.6	13.0	Monthly
Jams, honey & spreads	1.6	-1.3	0.1	6.5	Monthly
Food additives & condiments	-0.3	0.4	0.1	8.2	Monthly
Oils and fats	0.5	0.2	0.3	15.3	Monthly
Snacks and confectionery	0.9	0.2	-0.4	12.1	Monthly
Other food products n.e.c.	0.4	1.2	-0.8	11.9	Monthly
Coffee, tea and cocoa	-1.3	0.8	-1.0	6.6	Monthly
Waters soft drinks & juices	1.3	2.4	0.2	10.0	Monthly
Restaurant meals	imp	imp	1.0	6.5	Quarterly
Takeaway and fast foods	imp	imp	2.7	9.2	Quarterly
Spirits	1.0	-0.3	0.0	10.6	Monthly
Wine	1.0	-0.6	-0.1	0.8	Monthly**
Beer	0.4	0.3	0.3	6.2	Monthly
Tobacco	0.8	0.7	-0.2	4.1	Monthly
Garments for men	1.3	1.7	-2.4	2.3	Monthly**
Garments for women	-0.3	3.7	-4.5	-4.0	Monthly**
Garments for infant & child	imp	7.9	imp	7.0	Quarterly
Footwear for men	imp	-1.6	imp	-0.3	Quarterly
Footwear for women	imp	2.6	imp	-1.5	Quarterly
Footwear for infant & child	imp	1.6	imp	-0.8	Quarterly
Accessories	imp	-2.2	imp	0.0	Quarterly
Cleaning, repair & hire	imp	1.5	imp	6.1	Quarterly
Rents	0.5	0.8	0.8	6.3	Monthly**
New dwelling purchase by owner occupiers	0.2	0.5	0.4	8.3	Monthly**
Maintenance & repair of dwelling	imp	0.8	imp	5.7	Quarterly
Property rates and charges	0.0	imp	imp	3.6	Quarterly***
Water and sewerage	0.9	imp	imp	1.4	Quarterly
Electricity	-0.1	-0.9	-0.8	14.1	Monthly
Gas and other household fuels	14.3	imp	imp	26.3	Quarterly
Furniture	imp	4.9	imp	6.9	Quarterly
Carpets & other floor cover	imp	0.7	imp	10.3	Quarterly
Household textiles	imp	9.5	imp	4.3	Quarterly
Major household appliances	imp	-0.4	imp	-1.4	Quarterly
Small electronic household appliances	imp	1.0	imp	-1.1	Quarterly
Glassware, tableware & household	imp	1.6	imp	4.1	Quarterly
Tools & equipment	imp	1.3	imp	4.2	Quarterly
Cleaning & maintenance products	0.5	-0.2	0.8	8.9	Monthly
Personal care products	0.4	0.0	0.3	6.7	Monthly
Other non-durable household products	0.3	-0.2	0.6	7.4	Monthly
Child care	2.0	imp	imp	5.9	Quarterly
Hairdressing & personal grooming	imp	imp	2.2	7.1	Quarterly
Other household services	imp	imp	-0.5	6.6	Quarterly
Pharmaceutical products	4.6	imp	imp	1.5	Quarterly
Therapeutic appliances and equipment	0.4	imp	imp	1.9	Quarterly
Medical & hospital services	2.4	0.2	imp	5.8	Quarterly***
Dental services	0.8	imp	imp	3.7	Quarterly
Motor vehicles	1.8	imp	imp	6.0	Quarterly
Spare parts & accessories	imp	imp	2.5	11.6	Quarterly
Automotive fuel	-2.2	2.9	-6.7	-8.0	Monthly
Maintenance & repair of vehicle	imp	imp	0.5	4.2	Quarterly
Other services in respect of motor vehicle	imp	imp	0.2	2.7	Quarterly
Urban transport fares	imp	imp	0.0	8.0	Quarterly
Postal services	5.5	-0.9	1.3	9.0	Monthly
Telecommunications equip & services	-0.2	-0.7	0.8	0.8	Quarterly*
Audio, visual & computer equipment	-0.8	-0.1	0.2	0.7	Quarterly*
Audio, visual, media & services	imp	imp	0.5	4.0	Quarterly
Books	3.8	imp	imp	-0.8	Quarterly
Newspaper magazine & stationery	0.0	imp	imp	8.5	Quarterly
Domestic holiday travel & accommodation	1.1	6.1	-15.5	10.3	Monthly
International holiday travel & accommodation	2.3	8.6	-4.7	15.2	Monthly
Equipment for sports, camping & recreation	imp	imp	-0.2	5.0	Quarterly
Games, toys and hobbies	imp	imp	-0.2	3.4	Quarterly
Pets and related products	0.7	-0.8	-0.6	9.4	Monthly
Veterinary and other services for pets	1.5	imp	imp	8.1	Quarterly
Sports participation	-0.8	imp	1.7	4.6	Quarterly
Other recreational sports & cultural services	imp	imp	1.7	2.0	Quarterly
Preschool & primary education	-0.1	imp	0.0	-0.2	Quarterly***
Secondary education	imp	imp	0.0	4.9	Quarterly***
Tertiary education	imp	imp	0.0	9.6	Quarterly***
Insurance	imp	imp	5.3	14.2	Quarterly
D&L Facilities	1.6	0.1	0.1	1.8	Monthly
Other financial services	1.5	imp	imp	6.6	Quarterly

Imp = Imputed. Quarterly index, not collected in that month.
*Some components measured monthly.
**Some components measured quarterly.
*** Measured quarterly and/or typically changes once per year.

Appendix

Annual weight update

Index	2022 weight (%)	2021 weight (%)	Points Change
Food and non-alcoholic beverages group	17.18	16.76	0.42
Bread	0.53	0.53	0.00
Cakes and biscuits	0.60	0.61	-0.01
Breakfast cereals	0.11	0.12	-0.01
Other cereal products	0.18	0.17	0.01
Beef and veal	0.53	0.54	-0.01
Pork	0.29	0.32	-0.03
Lamb and goat	0.29	0.31	-0.02
Poultry	0.44	0.45	-0.01
Other meats	0.38	0.39	-0.01
Fish and other seafood	0.40	0.44	-0.04
Milk	0.42	0.40	0.02
Cheese	0.30	0.32	-0.02
Ice cream and other dairy	0.29	0.29	0.00
Fruit	0.96	1.00	-0.04
Vegetables	1.41	1.31	0.10
Eggs	0.12	0.13	-0.01
Jams, honey and spreads	0.12	0.13	-0.01
Food additives & condiments	0.31	0.30	0.01
Oils and fats	0.22	0.20	0.02
Snacks and confectionery	0.83	0.84	-0.01
Other food products	0.49	0.51	-0.02
Coffee, tea and cocoa	0.26	0.24	0.02
Waters soft drinks and juices	0.89	0.86	0.03
Restaurant meals	3.96	3.42	0.54
Takeaway and fast foods	2.85	2.93	-0.08
Alcohol and tobacco group	7.87	9.01	-1.14
Spirits	0.99	1.03	-0.04
Wine	1.91	2.06	-0.15
Beer	2.22	2.36	-0.14
Tobacco	2.75	3.56	-0.81
Clothing and footwear group	3.37	3.33	0.04
Garments for men	0.53	0.54	-0.01
Garments for women	1.13	1.13	0.00
Garments for children	0.32	0.32	0.00
Footwear for men	0.12	0.12	0.00
Footwear for women	0.29	0.29	0.00
Footwear for children	0.07	0.08	-0.01
Accessories	0.84	0.74	0.10
Cleaning, repair and hire	0.07	0.11	-0.04
Housing group	22.24	23.24	-1.00
Rents	5.75	6.23	-0.48
New dwelling purchase	8.62	8.67	-0.05
Maintenance and repair of dwelling	2.24	2.29	-0.05
Property rates and charges	1.55	1.61	-0.06
Water and sewerage	0.88	0.95	-0.07
Electricity	2.22	2.52	-0.30
Gas and other household fuels	0.98	0.97	0.01
Furnishings, household equipment & services group	8.94	9.16	-0.22
Furniture	1.54	1.63	-0.09
Carpets and other floor cover	0.32	0.34	-0.02
Household textiles	0.51	0.50	0.01
Major household appliances	0.43	0.44	-0.01
Small electrical appliances	0.32	0.33	-0.01
Glassware and tableware	0.41	0.42	-0.01
Tools and equipment	0.40	0.41	-0.01
Cleaning and maintenance products	0.23	0.23	0.00
Personal care products	0.89	0.89	0.00
Other non-durable products	1.31	1.26	0.05
Child care	0.82	0.91	-0.09
Hairdressing services	1.08	1.06	0.02
Other household services	0.68	0.74	-0.06
Health group	6.25	6.47	-0.22
Pharmaceutical products	1.04	1.09	-0.05
Therapeutic equipment	0.16	0.16	0.00
Medical and hospital services	4.45	4.56	-0.11
Dental services	0.60	0.66	-0.06
Transport group	10.99	10.58	0.41
Motor vehicles	3.04	3.06	-0.02
Spare parts and accessories	0.77	0.70	0.07
Automotive fuel	3.61	3.28	0.33
Maintenance and repair of vehicle	1.87	1.78	0.09
Other motor vehicle services	1.35	1.40	-0.05
Urban transport fares	0.35	0.36	-0.01
Communication group	2.31	2.41	-0.10
Postal services	0.10	0.11	-0.01
Telecommunications	2.21	2.30	-0.09
Recreation and culture group	10.84	8.64	2.20
Audio, visual and computer equipment	1.28	1.35	-0.07
Audio, visual and media services	0.67	0.70	-0.03
Books	0.16	0.18	-0.02
Newspapers, magazines and stationery	0.37	0.40	-0.03
Domestic holiday travel	2.43	1.95	0.48
International holiday travel	1.85	0.08	1.77
Equipment for sports and camping	0.61	0.70	-0.09
Games, toys and hobbies	0.64	0.69	-0.05
Pets and related products	0.53	0.50	0.03
Vet and other pet services	0.51	0.44	0.07
Sports participation	0.90	0.75	0.15
Other recreational services	0.89	0.90	-0.01
Education group	4.43	4.63	-0.2
Preschool and primary education	0.95	0.99	-0.04
Secondary education	1.91	2.01	-0.10
Tertiary education	1.57	1.63	-0.06
Insurance and financial services group	5.56	5.80	-0.24
Insurance	1.16	1.23	-0.07
Bank fees (direct)	0.40	0.46	-0.06
Other financial services	4.00	4.11	-0.11

About the monthly CPI indicator

What is the monthly CPI Indicator?

The monthly Consumer Price Index (CPI) indicator was developed to provide inflation data at a higher frequency for use by governments, economists and the wider community. The quarterly CPI remains the principal measure of household inflation.

Monthly CPI Indicator coverage

The monthly CPI indicator is derived using available data from the quarterly CPI. The ABS collects prices for the CPI in a range of frequencies including monthly, quarterly, and annual. The frequency of price collection is determined by how often prices change. Where price change occurs frequently, such as for food and petrol, monthly price data is collected. Where price change is less frequent, such as for restaurant meals and hairdressers, price data is available quarterly. In some cases, prices are collected once per year where it is known prices only change annually. This is the case for some education fees, property rates and private health insurance.

For this reason, the composition of the monthly CPI basket varies across the three months of the quarter, details of the monthly coverage composition are detailed in Table 1 below.

Table 1. What's price updated - monthly breakdown

Month 1	Month 2	Month 3
Bread	Bread	Bread
Cakes and biscuits	Cakes and biscuits	Cakes and biscuits
Breakfast cereals	Breakfast cereals	Breakfast cereals
Other cereal products	Other cereal products	Other cereal products
Beef and veal	Beef and veal	Beef and veal
Pork	Pork	Pork
Lamb and goat	Lamb and goat	Lamb and goat
Poultry	Poultry	Poultry
Other meats	Other meats	Other meats
Fish and other seafood	Fish and other seafood	Fish and other seafood
Milk	Milk	Milk
Cheese	Cheese	Cheese
Ice cream & other dairy prod	Ice cream & other dairy prod	Ice cream & other dairy prod
Fruit	Fruit	Fruit
Vegetables	Vegetables	Vegetables
Eggs	Eggs	Eggs
Jams, honey & spreads	Jams, honey & spreads	Jams, honey & spreads
Food additives & condiments	Food additives & condiments	Food additives & condiments
Oils and fats	Oils and fats	Oils and fats
Snacks and confectionery	Snacks and confectionery	Snacks and confectionery
Other food products n.e.c.	Other food products n.e.c.	Other food products n.e.c.*
Coffee, tea and cocoa	Coffee, tea and cocoa	Coffee, tea and cocoa
Waters soft drinks & juices	Waters soft drinks & juices	Waters soft drinks & juices
Spirits	Restaurant meals	Spirits
Wine	Takeaway and fast foods	Wine
Beer	Spirits	Beer
Tobacco	Wine	Tobacco
Garments for men	Beer	Garments for men
Garments for women	Tobacco	Garments for women
Garments for infant & child	Garments for men	Rents
Footwear for men	Garments for women	New dwelling purchase by owner occupiers
Footwear for women	Rents	Property rates and charges (annual)
Footwear for infant & child	New dwelling purchase by owner occupiers	Water and sewerage
Accessories	Electricity	Electricity
Cleaning, repair & hire	Cleaning & maintenance prod	Gas and other household fuels
Rents	Personal care products	Cleaning & maintenance prod
New dwelling purchase by owner occupiers	Other non-dur household prods	Personal care products
Maintenance & repair of dwelling	Hairdressing & personal grooming	Other non-dur household prods
Electricity	Other household services	Child care
Furniture	Spare parts & accessories	Pharmaceutical products
Carpets & other floor cover	Automotive fuel	Therapeutic appliances and equipment
Household textiles	Maintenance & repair of vehicle	Medical & hospital services
Major household appliances	Other services in respect of motor vehicle	Medical services
Small electronic household appliances	Urban transport fares	Dental services
Glassware, tableware & household	Postal services	Motor vehicles
Tools & equipment	Telecommunications equip & services (partial monthly)	Automotive fuel
Cleaning & maintenance prod	Audio,visual & computer equipment	Postal services
Personal care products	Audio, visual, media & services	Telecommunications equip & services (partial monthly)
Other non-durable household prods	Domestic holiday travel & accommodation	Audio,visual & computer equipment
Medical & hospital services	International holiday travel & accommodation	Books
Private Health insurance (annual, plus irregular changes)	Equipment for sports,camp	Newspaper magazine & stationery
Automotive fuel	Games, toys and hobbies	Domestic holiday travel & accommodation
Postal services	Pets and related products	International holiday travel & accommodation
Telecommunications equip & services (partial monthly)	Sports participation	Pets and related products
Audio,visual & computer equipment	Other recreational sports & cultural services	Vet & other pet services
Domestic holiday travel & accommodation	Preschool & primary education (quarterly & annual)	Sports participation
International holiday travel & accommodation	Secondary education (annual)	Preschool & primary education (quarterly & annual)
Pets and related products	Tertiary education (bi-annual)	D&L Facilities (direct)
D&L Facilities (direct)	Insurance	Other financial services
	D&L Facilities (direct)

* n.e.c Not elsewhere classified

Introducing monthly indicators of underlying inflation

The December 2022 release of the monthly CPI indicator stated

"The release of the monthly CPI indicator includes a Trimmed mean series which was intended to provide additional analytical insights into inflation on a monthly basis. The ABS has identified that the Trimmed mean series is not, however, providing a reliable indicator for the principal measure of trimmed mean inflation published in the quarterly CPI publication. The ABS will suspend the publication of the monthly Trimmed mean series while we investigate."

Since this decision the ABS has investigated the monthly trimmed mean measure and assessed alternative measures of underlying inflation.

Investigation of monthly Trimmed mean

The investigation found there was a downward bias in the monthly Trimmed mean when compared to the quarterly Trimmed mean, which is considered the principal measure of underlying inflation. The bias was evident during a period of rising inflation caused by the use of carry forward imputation for some monthly data. Details on the carry forward imputation approach are provided in Introducing a monthly CPI indicator. Carry forward imputation is not used in the quarterly CPI and therefore does not affect the quarterly Trimmed mean.

Alternative measures of underlying inflation

The ABS assessed variations of established measures of underlying inflation. Two alternatives were found to be a reasonable indicator of annual movements of the quarterly Trimmed mean:

Annual trimmed mean. This measure uses a similar method to the quarterly trimmed mean. The key difference is rather than use the quarterly movements in the trimming process, the annual movements are used. In this case, each month the annual movements of the 87 CPI series are ranked from lowest to highest. The top and bottom 15% of annual movements are removed, with the average is taken from the middle 70% of annual movements. For more details on the Trimmed mean method see Underlying Inflation Measures: Explaining the Trimmed Mean.
CPI excluding volatile items and holiday travel. CPI exclusion based measures are used by many countries to provide different insights into CPI inflation by removing the effects of certain items. Typically, the price change for these items tend to be volatile and often not reflective of the underlying inflationary trends. This new measure builds on the existing 'CPI excluding volatile items' series and also excludes holiday travel. Volatile items are fruit, vegetables and automotive fuel.

For holiday travel, it has been shown that events such as Christmas and Easter, as well as school holidays, have a significant impact on airfare and accommodation prices. This sees monthly movements for holiday travel as quite volatile. By calculating a series that excludes the monthly movements of holiday travel and the other volatile items, the monthly movements at the aggregate CPI level provide a reasonable insight of underlying inflation.

Articles

Monthly CPI indicator articles and related media

Measuring Rents in the CPI

New data source

As outlined in the ABS’ information paper Introducing a monthly CPI indicator for Australia, from July 2022 the ABS has incorporated a new data source to measure the Rents series in the monthly CPI indicator and the quarterly CPI.
The Rents series prior to July 2022 was measured on a quarterly basis using a survey of approximately 4,000 rental properties collected directly from real estate agents.
The new dataset obtained by the ABS is updated monthly and includes approximately 480,000 rental properties that are used to produce the CPI Rents series across all capital cities.

What the CPI Rents series measures

The CPI measures the prices being paid by households for the goods and services that they consume during a particular measurement period (e.g. month or quarter). In the case of rents, this means that the CPI measures the current ‘price’ being paid by all types of households that rent including new and existing renters who are renting privately or from the government.
Measures of rental inflation that are based on newly advertised rental properties only measure changes in the asking or advertised price of rental properties for new tenancies. At any given time, newly advertised tenancies represent a relatively small proportion of properties being rented in Australia. The Rents series used for the CPI measures actual rents paid rather than advertised prices.
Advertised rents tend to reflect the dynamic end of the rental market where the price change for new tenancies can be more volatile than that being experienced by renters with existing tenancy agreements.
Price changes observed in advertised rents series are expected to eventually flow through to the CPI Rents series. However, the small share of rental properties leased to new tenants each quarter means that it takes some time for changes in advertised rents to impact price change observed in the CPI Rents series.
A useful analogy is to think about a bathtub of water. The water in the tub represents all rents being paid by households, while the water entering the tub from the tap represents new rental agreements. The CPI series is measuring the overall temperature of the bathtub whereas an advertised rents series measures the temperature of the water flowing into the tub. It will take some time for the flow of water to change the overall temperature of the water in the bathtub.

Using price indexes

Price indexes published by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) provide summary measures of the movements in various categories of prices over time. They are published primarily for use in Government economic analysis.

Consistent with existing policy, the ABS does not comment on the use (or otherwise) of the price indexes we publish. However, it should be noted that the monthly CPI indicator may be routinely subject to revision, in contrast to the quarterly CPI which is only revised in exceptional circumstances.

Use of Price Indexes in Contracts sets out a range of issues that should be taken into account by parties considering including an Indexation Clause in a contract using an ABS published price index.

Frequently asked questions

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) specific to the monthly CPI indicator can be found in the Information paper: Introducing a monthly CPI indicator for Australia FAQs

In addition, the Frequently Asked Questions page has answers to a number of common questions to do with price indexes and the quarterly Consumer Price Index in particular.

Methodology

Monthly Consumer Price Index Indicator methodology, May 2023

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APA

Citation

Monthly Consumer Price Index Indicator

APA

Citation

Key statistics

Main features

Monthly Overview

New dwellings

Rents

Food and non-alcoholic beverages

Automotive fuel

Holiday travel and accommodation

Insurance

Data downloads

Time Series Spreadsheets

TABLE 1. Monthly CPI Indicator: All groups, Groups, select Expenditure classes and Analytical series Australia, Index Numbers and Percentage Change from Corresponding Month of Previous Year, Weighted Average of Eight Capital Cities.

TABLE 2. Monthly CPI Indicator: Select Groups, select Expenditure classes and Analytical series. Percentage Change from previous period, Weighted Average of Eight Capital Cities.

Create your own tables and visualisations with Data Explorer

Detailed monthly data

Monthly Expenditure class data

Appendix

Annual weight update

About the monthly CPI indicator

What is the monthly CPI Indicator?

Monthly CPI Indicator coverage

Introducing monthly indicators of underlying inflation

Investigation of monthly Trimmed mean

Alternative measures of underlying inflation

Articles

Monthly CPI indicator articles and related media

Measuring Rents in the CPI

Using price indexes

Frequently asked questions

Methodology

Do you need more detailed statistics?

Request data

Microdata and TableBuilder

Provide feedback

APA

Monthly Consumer Price Index Indicator

APA

Key statistics

Main features

Monthly Overview

New dwellings

Rents

Food and non-alcoholic beverages

Automotive fuel

Holiday travel and accommodation

Insurance

Data downloads

Time Series Spreadsheets

TABLE 1. Monthly CPI Indicator: All groups, Groups, select Expenditure classes and Analytical series Australia, Index Numbers and Percentage Change from Corresponding Month of Previous Year, Weighted Average of Eight Capital Cities.

TABLE 2. Monthly CPI Indicator: Select Groups, select Expenditure classes and Analytical series. Percentage Change from previous period, Weighted Average of Eight Capital Cities.

Create your own tables and visualisations with Data Explorer

Detailed monthly data

Monthly Expenditure class data

Appendix

Annual weight update

About the monthly CPI indicator

What is the monthly CPI Indicator?

Monthly CPI Indicator coverage

Introducing monthly indicators of underlying inflation

Investigation of monthly Trimmed mean

Alternative measures of underlying inflation

Articles

Monthly CPI indicator articles and related media

Measuring Rents in the CPI

Using price indexes

Frequently asked questions

Methodology

Media releases

Monthly CPI indicator annual rise of 5.6% in May 2023

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