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Consumer Price Index, Australia

This is not the latest release View the latest release

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures household inflation and includes statistics about price change for categories of household expenditure

Reference period

December 2020

Released

27/01/2021

View all releases

Key statistics

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) rose 0.9% this quarter.
Over the twelve months to the December 2020 quarter the CPI rose 0.9%.
The most significant price rise was tobacco (+10.9%).
The most significant price fall was electricity (-7.5%).

What's new this quarter

This issue includes the introduction of updated weighting patterns. For more details see The 2020 annual re-weight of the CPI.

Two spotlight articles are included in this release:

CPI exclusion-based measures - this spotlight examines the CPI in the December 2020 quarter excluding selected influential movements.
Underlying inflation measures - this spotlight looks at underlying inflation in the December 2020 quarter using alternative measurement approaches.

An article was published on 14 January 2021 explaining the impact of COVID-19 on the December quarter CPI:

Update to measuring the CPI in the December 2020 quarter.

Main features

All groups CPI, quarterly change
Quarter	Change from previous quarter (%)
Dec-11	0.0
Mar-12	0.1
Jun-12	0.5
Sep-12	1.4
Dec-12	0.2
Mar-13	0.4
Jun-13	0.4
Sep-13	1.2
Dec-13	0.8
Mar-14	0.6
Jun-14	0.5
Sep-14	0.5
Dec-14	0.2
Mar-15	0.2
Jun-15	0.7
Sep-15	0.5
Dec-15	0.4
Mar-16	-0.2
Jun-16	0.4
Sep-16	0.7
Dec-16	0.5
Mar-17	0.5
Jun-17	0.2
Sep-17	0.6
Dec-17	0.6
Mar-18	0.4
Jun-18	0.4
Sep-18	0.4
Dec-18	0.5
Mar-19	0.0
Jun-19	0.6
Sep-19	0.5
Dec-19	0.7
Mar-20	0.3
Jun-20	-1.9
Sep-20	1.6
Dec-20	0.9

All groups CPI, quarterly change

["Quarter","Change from previous quarter"]

[["Dec-11","Mar-12","Jun-12","Sep-12","Dec-12","Mar-13","Jun-13","Sep-13","Dec-13","Mar-14","Jun-14","Sep-14","Dec-14","Mar-15","Jun-15","Sep-15","Dec-15","Mar-16","Jun-16","Sep-16","Dec-16","Mar-17","Jun-17","Sep-17","Dec-17","Mar-18","Jun-18","Sep-18","Dec-18","Mar-19","Jun-19","Sep-19","Dec-19","Mar-20","Jun-20","Sep-20","Dec-20"],[[0],[0.10000000000000001],[0.5],[1.3999999999999999],[0.20000000000000001],[0.40000000000000002],[0.40000000000000002],[1.2],[0.80000000000000004],[0.59999999999999998],[0.5],[0.5],[0.20000000000000001],[0.20000000000000001],[0.69999999999999996],[0.5],[0.40000000000000002],[-0.20000000000000001],[0.40000000000000002],[0.69999999999999996],[0.5],[0.5],[0.20000000000000001],[0.59999999999999998],[0.59999999999999998],[0.40000000000000002],[0.40000000000000002],[0.40000000000000002],[0.5],[0],[0.59999999999999998],[0.5],[0.69999999999999996],[0.29999999999999999],[-1.8999999999999999],[1.6000000000000001],[0.90000000000000002]]]

[]

[{"axis_id":"0","tick_interval":"4","axis_min":"","axis_max":"","axis_title":"","precision":-1,"axis_units":"","tooltip_units":"","table_units":"","data_unit_prefix":"","data_unit_suffix":"","reverse_axis":false}]

[{"axis_id":"0","tick_interval":"","axis_min":"-2","axis_max":"2","axis_title":"%","precision":"1","table_units":"(%)","tooltip_units":"(%)","axis_units":"","data_unit_prefix":"","data_unit_suffix":"","reverse_axis":false}]

Weighted average of eight capital cities
		Sep Qtr 2020 to Dec Qtr 2020	Dec Qtr 2019 to Dec Qtr 2020
		% change	% change
All groups CPI		0.9	0.9
Food and non-alcoholic beverages		0.2	2.3
Alcohol and tobacco		4.2	9.3
Clothing and footwear		-1.0	-1.3
Housing		-0.6	-0.9
Furnishings, household equipment and services		3.4	3.6
Health		1.3	2.6
Transport		0.9	-4.6
Communication		-0.4	-2.7
Recreation and culture		1.6	0.0
Education		1.2	2.1
Insurance and financial services		0.1	1.2
CPI analytical series
	All groups CPI, seasonally adjusted	0.8	0.9
	Trimmed mean	0.4	1.2
	Weighted median	0.5	1.4

Main contributors to change

CPI groups

Weighted average of eight capital cities, percentage change from previous quarter
Groups	Percentage change from previous quarter (%)	All groups CPI Percentage change from previous quarter (%)
All groups CPI		0.9
Food and non-alcoholic beverages	0.2
Alcohol and tobacco	4.2
Clothing and footwear	-1.0
Housing	-0.6
Furnishings, household equipment and services	3.4
Health	1.3
Transport	0.9
Communication	-0.4
Recreation and culture	1.6
Education	1.2
Insurance and financial services	0.1

Weighted average of eight capital cities, percentage change from previous quarter

["Groups","Percentage change from previous quarter","All groups CPI Percentage change from previous quarter"]

[["All groups CPI","Food and non-alcoholic beverages","Alcohol and tobacco","Clothing and footwear","Housing","Furnishings, household equipment and services","Health","Transport","Communication","Recreation and culture","Education","Insurance and financial services"],[[null],[0.20000000000000001],[4.2000000000000002],[-1],[-0.59999999999999998],[3.3999999999999999],[1.3],[0.90000000000000002],[-0.40000000000000002],[1.6000000000000001],[1.2],[0.10000000000000001]],[[0.90000000000000002],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null]]]

[]

[{"axis_id":"0","tick_interval":"","axis_min":"","axis_max":"","axis_title":"","precision":-1,"axis_units":"","tooltip_units":"","table_units":"","data_unit_prefix":"","data_unit_suffix":"","reverse_axis":false}]

[{"axis_id":"0","tick_interval":"1","axis_min":"-2","axis_max":"5","axis_title":"%","precision":"1","table_units":"(%)","tooltip_units":"(%)","axis_units":"","data_unit_prefix":"","data_unit_suffix":"","reverse_axis":false}]

Food and non-alcoholic beverages group (+0.2%)

Alcohol and tobacco group (+4.2%)

Clothing and footwear group (-1.0%)

Housing group (-0.6%)

Electricity fell 7.5%, the strongest quarterly fall in the history of the series, dating back to 1980. The fall was due to a $600 household electricity credit introduced on 1 November by the Western Australian (WA) government, resulting in a significant fall in electricity prices in Perth (-66.7%).
A rise of 0.7% in the series new dwelling purchase by owner occupiers partially offset the fall. House builders passed through increases in project home prices and reductions in the value of promotional offers in response to higher demand. The rise was partially offset by the impact of HomeBuilder and state-based grants in WA and Tasmania. Without these grants, new dwelling purchase by owner occupiers would have risen 1.3% (see the following graph).
Rents (+0.1%) recorded a small rise following two quarters of falls. Rental market conditions are improving across most capital cities, consistent with falling vacancy rates and rising advertised rates. However, rent freezes for existing tenants remain in place in some states and territories.
Over the past twelve months the group fell 0.9%, which is the most significant fall since 1998. The fall was driven by utilities (-6.6%) and rents (-1.3%).
In seasonally adjusted terms, the group fell 0.6%. The main contributor was electricity (-7.7%).

The following graph shows the impact of HomeBuilder and the WA and Tasmanian state-based housing construction grants on the CPI series ‘new dwellings purchase by owner occupiers’ in the December 2020 quarter. The graph shows the impact before and after the application of these grants in the CPI.

New dwelling purchase by owner occupier, percentage change from previous quarter
Capital city	Before government grants	After government grants
Sydney	0.2	-0.3
Melbourne	1.4	0.9
Brisbane	2.4	2
Adelaide	1.1	-0.5
Perth	3.3	2.2
Hobart	1.8	1.1
Darwin	0	-2.3
Canberra	0.3	-0.5
Weighted average of eight capital cities	1.3	0.7

New dwelling purchase by owner occupier, percentage change from previous quarter

["Capital city","Before government grants","After government grants"]

[["Sydney","Melbourne","Brisbane","Adelaide","Perth","Hobart","Darwin","Canberra","Weighted average of eight capital cities"],[[0.20000000000000001],[1.3999999999999999],[2.3999999999999999],[1.1000000000000001],[3.2999999999999998],[1.8],[0],[0.29999999999999999],[1.3]],[[-0.29999999999999999],[0.90000000000000002],[2],[-0.5],[2.2000000000000002],[1.1000000000000001],[-2.2999999999999998],[-0.5],[0.69999999999999996]]]

[]

[{"axis_id":"0","tick_interval":"","axis_min":"","axis_max":"","axis_title":"","precision":-1,"axis_units":"","tooltip_units":"","table_units":"","data_unit_prefix":"","data_unit_suffix":"","reverse_axis":false}]

[{"axis_id":"0","tick_interval":"","axis_min":"","axis_max":"","axis_title":"%","precision":"","table_units":"","tooltip_units":"","axis_units":"","data_unit_prefix":"","data_unit_suffix":"","reverse_axis":false}]

Furnishings, household equipment and services group (+3.4%)

Health group (+1.3%)

Transport group (+0.9%)

Rises of 1.8% in motor vehicles and 4.5% in urban transport fares were the main contributors. Increasing demand for cars combined with supply disruptions resulted in price rises and reduced prevalence of typical end of year run-out sales. The rise in urban transport fares was due to the cessation of discounts offered on Sydney off-peak fares.
Over the past twelve months the group fell 4.6%. The main contributor was automotive fuel (-16.7%).
In seasonally adjusted terms, the group rose 1.0% this quarter. The main contributor was motor vehicles (+2.2%).

The following graph shows the pattern of the average daily prices for unleaded petrol for the eight capital cities over the past fifteen months.

Average price of unleaded petrol (91 octane), cents per litre
Quarter	Daily average price of ULP (cents)	Quarterly average price of ULP (cents)
Dec-19	158.32	149.89
Dec-19	157.01	149.89
Dec-19	154.82	149.89
Dec-19	152.50	149.89
Dec-19	149.58	149.89
Dec-19	147.42	149.89
Dec-19	144.47	149.89
Dec-19	148.66	149.89
Dec-19	146.98	149.89
Dec-19	145.02	149.89
Dec-19	144.16	149.89
Dec-19	144.66	149.89
Dec-19	143.89	149.89
Dec-19	143.02	149.89
Dec-19	146.73	149.89
Dec-19	146.79	149.89
Dec-19	145.92	149.89
Dec-19	146.32	149.89
Dec-19	146.56	149.89
Dec-19	147.38	149.89
Dec-19	149.86	149.89
Dec-19	159.10	149.89
Dec-19	160.53	149.89
Dec-19	159.72	149.89
Dec-19	158.39	149.89
Dec-19	156.20	149.89
Dec-19	155.33	149.89
Dec-19	155.58	149.89
Dec-19	159.92	149.89
Dec-19	158.16	149.89
Dec-19	154.79	149.89
Dec-19	153.12	149.89
Dec-19	149.93	149.89
Dec-19	148.00	149.89
Dec-19	145.76	149.89
Dec-19	147.88	149.89
Dec-19	145.44	149.89
Dec-19	142.78	149.89
Dec-19	140.62	149.89
Dec-19	138.72	149.89
Dec-19	137.53	149.89
Dec-19	136.19	149.89
Dec-19	140.20	149.89
Dec-19	143.57	149.89
Dec-19	144.96	149.89
Dec-19	145.57	149.89
Dec-19	146.10	149.89
Dec-19	147.15	149.89
Dec-19	148.76	149.89
Dec-19	155.81	149.89
Dec-19	157.77	149.89
Dec-19	158.98	149.89
Dec-19	159.04	149.89
Dec-19	157.24	149.89
Dec-19	156.59	149.89
Dec-19	155.00	149.89
Dec-19	157.67	149.89
Dec-19	155.22	149.89
Dec-19	152.19	149.89
Dec-19	150.82	149.89
Dec-19	147.84	149.89
Dec-19	147.37	149.89
Dec-19	144.45	149.89
Dec-19	146.71	149.89
Dec-19	145.39	149.89
Dec-19	144.08	149.89
Dec-19	143.61	149.89
Dec-19	143.14	149.89
Dec-19	142.73	149.89
Dec-19	144.01	149.89
Dec-19	154.72	149.89
Dec-19	158.94	149.89
Dec-19	160.61	149.89
Dec-19	160.46	149.89
Dec-19	158.20	149.89
Dec-19	159.28	149.89
Dec-19	158.69	149.89
Dec-19	162.07	149.89
Dec-19	160.05	149.89
Dec-19	157.05	149.89
Dec-19	153.35	149.89
Dec-19	150.11	149.89
Dec-19	147.93	149.89
Dec-19	145.98	149.89
Dec-19	147.86	149.89
Dec-19	147.47	149.89
Dec-19	145.70	149.89
Dec-19	143.73	149.89
Dec-19	141.78	149.89
Dec-19	140.71	149.89
Dec-19	139.00	149.89
Dec-19	140.72	149.89
Mar-20	143.47	139.40
Mar-20	142.05	139.40
Mar-20	143.51	139.40
Mar-20	144.10	139.40
Mar-20	143.14	139.40
Mar-20	142.35	139.40
Mar-20	147.04	139.40
Mar-20	148.26	139.40
Mar-20	148.76	139.40
Mar-20	150.68	139.40
Mar-20	151.82	139.40
Mar-20	152.58	139.40
Mar-20	153.56	139.40
Mar-20	160.44	139.40
Mar-20	160.93	139.40
Mar-20	159.34	139.40
Mar-20	156.06	139.40
Mar-20	152.74	139.40
Mar-20	152.96	139.40
Mar-20	153.27	139.40
Mar-20	156.21	139.40
Mar-20	154.07	139.40
Mar-20	150.76	139.40
Mar-20	147.86	139.40
Mar-20	145.34	139.40
Mar-20	143.34	139.40
Mar-20	140.93	139.40
Mar-20	143.97	139.40
Mar-20	142.05	139.40
Mar-20	139.27	139.40
Mar-20	136.99	139.40
Mar-20	134.75	139.40
Mar-20	133.32	139.40
Mar-20	133.58	139.40
Mar-20	137.42	139.40
Mar-20	140.03	139.40
Mar-20	141.00	139.40
Mar-20	140.75	139.40
Mar-20	139.68	139.40
Mar-20	139.14	139.40
Mar-20	140.80	139.40
Mar-20	148.04	139.40
Mar-20	155.00	139.40
Mar-20	155.72	139.40
Mar-20	154.90	139.40
Mar-20	151.05	139.40
Mar-20	149.19	139.40
Mar-20	148.68	139.40
Mar-20	149.08	139.40
Mar-20	148.64	139.40
Mar-20	148.03	139.40
Mar-20	146.74	139.40
Mar-20	143.23	139.40
Mar-20	141.40	139.40
Mar-20	139.24	139.40
Mar-20	138.32	139.40
Mar-20	138.32	139.40
Mar-20	135.79	139.40
Mar-20	133.38	139.40
Mar-20	132.29	139.40
Mar-20	130.19	139.40
Mar-20	129.13	139.40
Mar-20	129.85	139.40
Mar-20	130.99	139.40
Mar-20	130.00	139.40
Mar-20	128.24	139.40
Mar-20	126.84	139.40
Mar-20	125.77	139.40
Mar-20	124.51	139.40
Mar-20	125.58	139.40
Mar-20	127.66	139.40
Mar-20	128.62	139.40
Mar-20	126.80	139.40
Mar-20	126.52	139.40
Mar-20	125.80	139.40
Mar-20	124.13	139.40
Mar-20	126.83	139.40
Mar-20	130.21	139.40
Mar-20	129.75	139.40
Mar-20	130.71	139.40
Mar-20	129.01	139.40
Mar-20	128.60	139.40
Mar-20	128.67	139.40
Mar-20	129.49	139.40
Mar-20	128.72	139.40
Mar-20	126.57	139.40
Mar-20	124.31	139.40
Mar-20	120.56	139.40
Mar-20	119.09	139.40
Mar-20	120.37	139.40
Mar-20	126.52	139.40
Jun-20	120.09	110.49
Jun-20	119.78	110.49
Jun-20	119.32	110.49
Jun-20	116.25	110.49
Jun-20	114.25	110.49
Jun-20	112.68	110.49
Jun-20	112.09	110.49
Jun-20	115.44	110.49
Jun-20	113.45	110.49
Jun-20	109.81	110.49
Jun-20	107.68	110.49
Jun-20	104.83	110.49
Jun-20	102.60	110.49
Jun-20	102.49	110.49
Jun-20	106.21	110.49
Jun-20	106.20	110.49
Jun-20	105.35	110.49
Jun-20	103.15	110.49
Jun-20	101.26	110.49
Jun-20	99.81	110.49
Jun-20	97.92	110.49
Jun-20	102.46	110.49
Jun-20	100.48	110.49
Jun-20	97.40	110.49
Jun-20	95.20	110.49
Jun-20	93.60	110.49
Jun-20	92.46	110.49
Jun-20	92.30	110.49
Jun-20	99.76	110.49
Jun-20	100.14	110.49
Jun-20	100.92	110.49
Jun-20	99.41	110.49
Jun-20	97.79	110.49
Jun-20	96.20	110.49
Jun-20	96.84	110.49
Jun-20	104.13	110.49
Jun-20	105.24	110.49
Jun-20	104.70	110.49
Jun-20	103.87	110.49
Jun-20	106.28	110.49
Jun-20	107.45	110.49
Jun-20	108.53	110.49
Jun-20	115.18	110.49
Jun-20	115.28	110.49
Jun-20	113.44	110.49
Jun-20	111.11	110.49
Jun-20	109.38	110.49
Jun-20	108.72	110.49
Jun-20	107.36	110.49
Jun-20	112.29	110.49
Jun-20	110.92	110.49
Jun-20	108.91	110.49
Jun-20	108.18	110.49
Jun-20	109.05	110.49
Jun-20	108.43	110.49
Jun-20	107.38	110.49
Jun-20	112.49	110.49
Jun-20	110.94	110.49
Jun-20	109.06	110.49
Jun-20	108.05	110.49
Jun-20	106.64	110.49
Jun-20	106.22	110.49
Jun-20	105.39	110.49
Jun-20	111.61	110.49
Jun-20	112.48	110.49
Jun-20	112.47	110.49
Jun-20	112.60	110.49
Jun-20	116.41	110.49
Jun-20	117.87	110.49
Jun-20	119.12	110.49
Jun-20	127.78	110.49
Jun-20	127.46	110.49
Jun-20	126.33	110.49
Jun-20	124.18	110.49
Jun-20	122.12	110.49
Jun-20	120.49	110.49
Jun-20	119.21	110.49
Jun-20	124.31	110.49
Jun-20	122.80	110.49
Jun-20	120.70	110.49
Jun-20	121.71	110.49
Jun-20	120.99	110.49
Jun-20	119.27	110.49
Jun-20	118.15	110.49
Jun-20	123.71	110.49
Jun-20	122.64	110.49
Jun-20	120.71	110.49
Jun-20	119.04	110.49
Jun-20	117.69	110.49
Jun-20	116.77	110.49
Jun-20	115.91	110.49
Sep-20	123.48	123.34
Sep-20	123.93	123.34
Sep-20	122.87	123.34
Sep-20	122.36	123.34
Sep-20	122.51	123.34
Sep-20	122.66	123.34
Sep-20	121.94	123.34
Sep-20	126.26	123.34
Sep-20	126.58	123.34
Sep-20	123.87	123.34
Sep-20	121.52	123.34
Sep-20	120.32	123.34
Sep-20	119.62	123.34
Sep-20	118.92	123.34
Sep-20	125.28	123.34
Sep-20	124.42	123.34
Sep-20	125.59	123.34
Sep-20	125.73	123.34
Sep-20	126.40	123.34
Sep-20	126.10	123.34
Sep-20	124.86	123.34
Sep-20	129.73	123.34
Sep-20	127.69	123.34
Sep-20	125.19	123.34
Sep-20	123.31	123.34
Sep-20	121.75	123.34
Sep-20	119.97	123.34
Sep-20	119.95	123.34
Sep-20	128.73	123.34
Sep-20	130.58	123.34
Sep-20	129.55	123.34
Sep-20	128.81	123.34
Sep-20	128.31	123.34
Sep-20	127.96	123.34
Sep-20	126.34	123.34
Sep-20	132.11	123.34
Sep-20	129.77	123.34
Sep-20	126.06	123.34
Sep-20	122.21	123.34
Sep-20	120.31	123.34
Sep-20	119.28	123.34
Sep-20	117.28	123.34
Sep-20	123.50	123.34
Sep-20	123.35	123.34
Sep-20	120.70	123.34
Sep-20	119.01	123.34
Sep-20	118.73	123.34
Sep-20	117.28	123.34
Sep-20	115.35	123.34
Sep-20	121.22	123.34
Sep-20	120.19	123.34
Sep-20	118.03	123.34
Sep-20	116.83	123.34
Sep-20	115.25	123.34
Sep-20	115.36	123.34
Sep-20	115.98	123.34
Sep-20	125.51	123.34
Sep-20	126.81	123.34
Sep-20	127.16	123.34
Sep-20	129.73	123.34
Sep-20	131.96	123.34
Sep-20	133.82	123.34
Sep-20	132.61	123.34
Sep-20	138.98	123.34
Sep-20	136.67	123.34
Sep-20	132.70	123.34
Sep-20	129.34	123.34
Sep-20	127.16	123.34
Sep-20	125.54	123.34
Sep-20	123.99	123.34
Sep-20	129.70	123.34
Sep-20	127.53	123.34
Sep-20	124.41	123.34
Sep-20	122.90	123.34
Sep-20	122.11	123.34
Sep-20	122.45	123.34
Sep-20	121.90	123.34
Sep-20	127.70	123.34
Sep-20	125.14	123.34
Sep-20	121.73	123.34
Sep-20	118.45	123.34
Sep-20	116.03	123.34
Sep-20	113.89	123.34
Sep-20	112.46	123.34
Sep-20	118.99	123.34
Sep-20	117.13	123.34
Sep-20	114.71	123.34
Sep-20	113.61	123.34
Sep-20	114.84	123.34
Sep-20	114.33	123.34
Sep-20	113.86	123.34
Sep-20	120.61	123.34
Dec-20	121.94	123.17
Dec-20	119.99	123.17
Dec-20	117.63	123.17
Dec-20	116.02	123.17
Dec-20	114.17	123.17
Dec-20	115.26	123.17
Dec-20	122.57	123.17
Dec-20	122.48	123.17
Dec-20	120.71	123.17
Dec-20	117.84	123.17
Dec-20	117.50	123.17
Dec-20	118.85	123.17
Dec-20	118.37	123.17
Dec-20	126.17	123.17
Dec-20	124.92	123.17
Dec-20	123.04	123.17
Dec-20	120.14	123.17
Dec-20	121.87	123.17
Dec-20	123.30	123.17
Dec-20	122.97	123.17
Dec-20	131.65	123.17
Dec-20	131.43	123.17
Dec-20	127.37	123.17
Dec-20	124.78	123.17
Dec-20	123.11	123.17
Dec-20	121.75	123.17
Dec-20	119.18	123.17
Dec-20	125.86	123.17
Dec-20	124.01	123.17
Dec-20	120.98	123.17
Dec-20	119.57	123.17
Dec-20	116.62	123.17
Dec-20	114.70	123.17
Dec-20	112.18	123.17
Dec-20	120.39	123.17
Dec-20	118.89	123.17
Dec-20	117.06	123.17
Dec-20	115.65	123.17
Dec-20	114.90	123.17
Dec-20	115.01	123.17
Dec-20	116.47	123.17
Dec-20	125.17	123.17
Dec-20	126.12	123.17
Dec-20	124.32	123.17
Dec-20	121.56	123.17
Dec-20	120.69	123.17
Dec-20	120.57	123.17
Dec-20	121.64	123.17
Dec-20	129.07	123.17
Dec-20	129.17	123.17
Dec-20	127.51	123.17
Dec-20	123.68	123.17
Dec-20	122.14	123.17
Dec-20	121.20	123.17
Dec-20	119.69	123.17
Dec-20	124.75	123.17
Dec-20	122.62	123.17
Dec-20	119.97	123.17
Dec-20	116.95	123.17
Dec-20	120.33	123.17
Dec-20	120.29	123.17
Dec-20	119.20	123.17
Dec-20	125.02	123.17
Dec-20	123.48	123.17
Dec-20	122.09	123.17
Dec-20	120.39	123.17
Dec-20	119.44	123.17
Dec-20	119.59	123.17
Dec-20	119.57	123.17
Dec-20	127.08	123.17
Dec-20	125.92	123.17
Dec-20	126.70	123.17
Dec-20	125.59	123.17
Dec-20	127.90	123.17
Dec-20	127.78	123.17
Dec-20	127.66	123.17
Dec-20	136.20	123.17
Dec-20	134.82	123.17
Dec-20	133.39	123.17
Dec-20	131.18	123.17
Dec-20	130.61	123.17
Dec-20	131.14	123.17
Dec-20	129.12	123.17
Dec-20	135.81	123.17
Dec-20	133.32	123.17
Dec-20	129.57	123.17
Dec-20	126.49	123.17
Dec-20	125.03	123.17
Dec-20	124.33	123.17
Dec-20	122.62	123.17
Dec-20	128.67	123.17
Dec-20	126.93	123.17

Average price of unleaded petrol (91 octane), cents per litre

["Quarter","Daily average price of ULP","Quarterly average price of ULP"]

[["Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Dec-19","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Mar-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Jun-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Sep-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20","Dec-20"],[[158.31999999999999],[157.00999999999999],[154.81999999999999],[152.5],[149.58000000000001],[147.41999999999999],[144.47],[148.66],[146.97999999999999],[145.02000000000001],[144.16],[144.66],[143.88999999999999],[143.02000000000001],[146.72999999999999],[146.78999999999999],[145.91999999999999],[146.31999999999999],[146.56],[147.38],[149.86000000000001],[159.09999999999999],[160.53],[159.72],[158.38999999999999],[156.19999999999999],[155.33000000000001],[155.58000000000001],[159.91999999999999],[158.16],[154.78999999999999],[153.12],[149.93000000000001],[148],[145.75999999999999],[147.88],[145.44],[142.78],[140.62],[138.72],[137.53],[136.19],[140.19999999999999],[143.56999999999999],[144.96000000000001],[145.56999999999999],[146.09999999999999],[147.15000000000001],[148.75999999999999],[155.81],[157.77000000000001],[158.97999999999999],[159.03999999999999],[157.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[]

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Communication group (-0.4%)

Recreation and culture group (+1.6%)

Education group (+1.2%)

Insurance and financial services group (+0.1%)

International trade exposure - tradable and non-tradables

Seasonally adjusted analytical series

Sep Qtr to Dec Qtr 2020 percentage change
	Original (%)	Seasonally Adjusted (%)
All groups CPI	0.9	0.8
Food and non-alcoholic beverages	0.2	0.1
Alcohol and tobacco	4.2	2.4
Clothing and footwear	-1.0	-0.7
Housing	-0.6	-0.6
Furnishings, household equipment and services	3.4	3.9
Health	1.3	2.7
Transport	0.9	1.0
Communication(a)	-0.4	-0.4
Recreation and culture	1.6	0.3
Education	1.2	1.7
Insurance and financial services	0.1	0.1
International trade exposure series
	Tradables	-0.4	-0.2
	Non-tradables	1.5	1.2

Capital cities comparison

All groups CPI

All groups CPI, percentage change from previous quarter
All Groups CPI, Percentage change from previous quarter	Percentage change from previous quarter (%)	Weighted average of eight capital cities percentage change from previous quarter (%)
Sydney	1.0
Melbourne	1.5
Brisbane	1.1
Adelaide	0.7
Perth	-1.0
Hobart	0.8
Darwin	0.6
Canberra	0.8
Weighted average of eight capital cities		0.9

All groups CPI, percentage change from previous quarter

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All Groups CPI, All groups index numbers and percentage changes
	Index number(a)	Percentage change
	Dec Qtr 2020	Sep Qtr 2020 to Dec Qtr 2020	Dec Qtr 2019 to Dec Qtr 2020
Sydney	118.0	1.0	0.8
Melbourne	118.4	1.5	1.3
Brisbane	117.5	1.1	1.0
Adelaide	116.5	0.7	1.0
Perth	113.0	-1.0	-0.1
Hobart	117.6	0.8	0.8
Darwin	111.5	0.6	0.0
Canberra	116.3	0.8	1.1
Weighted average of eight capital cities	117.2	0.9	0.9

a. Index reference period: 2011-12 = 100.0.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) rose 0.9% in the December quarter in original terms and 0.8% in seasonally adjusted terms.

At the All groups level, seven capital cities saw rises ranging from 0.6% in Darwin to 1.5% in Melbourne for the quarter. Perth was the only exception, recording a fall of 1.0% due to the $600 household electricity credit introduced by the state government from 1 November.
Tobacco rose in all capital cities, due to the annual excise tax increase of 12.5% and the bi-annual excise tax increase based on Average Weekly Ordinary Time Earnings (AWOTE) indexation, both applied on 1 September 2020.
Furnishings, household equipment and services rose in all capital cities due to child care, following the cessation of free child care on 13 July. Out-of-pocket expenses have now returned to pre-COVID levels in all capital cities. Melbourne recorded a higher rise in the December 2020 quarter due to the increase in the out-of-pocket expenses for child care as attendance levels returned following stage 4 lockdown in the September quarter.
Health rose in all capital cities due to increases in private health insurance premiums on the 1 October 2020, following a six-month price freeze.
Annually, the CPI rose 0.9%. At the All groups level, six capital cities saw annual rises ranging from 0.8% in Sydney and Hobart, to 1.3% in Melbourne. Darwin was flat and Perth recorded a fall of 0.1%.

Capital city highlights:

Sydney (+1.0%)

Melbourne (+1.5%)

Brisbane (+1.1%)

Adelaide (+0.7%)

Perth (-1.0%)

	Quarterly movement including the WA household electricity credit (%)	Quarterly movement excluding the WA household electricity credit (%)
All Groups CPI	0.9	1.1
All Groups CPI – Perth	-1.0	0.9
Electricity	-7.5	0.3
Electricity – Perth	-66.7	0.0

Hobart (+0.8%)

Darwin (+0.6%)

Canberra (+0.8%)

Quarterly percentage change by capital city
Index	Sydney	Melbourne	Brisbane	Adelaide	Perth	Hobart	Darwin	Canberra	Weighted average of eight capital cities
All groups	1.0	1.5	1.1	0.7	-1.0	0.8	0.6	0.8	0.9
Food & non-alcoholic beverages	0.0	0.4	0.4	-0.2	0.7	0.0	0.4	-0.3	0.2
Alcohol & tobacco	4.4	3.6	4.1	5.0	4.8	5.4	3.6	3.4	4.2
Clothing & footwear	-1.5	-0.7	-1.0	-1.3	-0.3	-0.8	-2.8	-0.4	-1.0
Housing	0.2	0.1	0.8	-0.1	-7.7	0.3	-0.5	0.2	-0.6
Furnishings, household equipment and services	2.2	8.1	2.1	0.7	0.7	0.3	1.5	2.3	3.4
Health	1.4	1.3	1.9	2.6	-0.1	1.4	0.8	0.5	1.3
Transport	1.5	1.6	-0.1	-1.0	0.2	-0.3	-1.1	0.0	0.9
Communication	-0.4	-0.3	-0.4	-0.3	-0.4	-0.4	-0.3	-0.3	-0.4
Recreation & culture	2.3	1.4	1.6	0.9	1.4	-0.8	2.0	2.6	1.6
Education	1.6	1.6	0.4	0.2	0.1	0.0	0.2	0.4	1.2
Insurance & financial services	0.4	-0.3	0.5	0.6	0.0	1.5	-0.5	0.9	0.1

Spotlight: CPI exclusion-based measures

Each quarter, the ABS produces a range of CPI exclusion-based measures, which remove selected components from the CPI basket. Typically, the removed components have volatile price changes and/or a pronounced seasonal pattern. These exclusion-based measures can help distinguish short term price fluctuations that impact the quarterly CPI movement, providing additional insights into the general direction of medium-term inflation.

An example of a CPI exclusion-based measure is ‘CPI excluding alcohol and tobacco’, where annual increases in the federal excise tax have had a significant effect on tobacco prices each year.

COVID-19 has brought about new challenges in measuring the CPI. For the December 2020 quarter, additional CPI exclusion-based measures have been produced to those previously available in Table 8 of this release. The additional exclusion-based measures, presented in Table 1 of this article, demonstrate some of the temporary impacts of COVID-19 on the December quarter CPI.

Table 1: CPI exclusion-based measures, December 2020 quarter
	Quarterly movement	Annual movement
	%	%
Headline CPI	0.9	0.9
CPI excluding child care	0.5	0.8
CPI excluding automotive fuel	0.9	1.5
CPI excluding electricity	1.2	1.1
CPI excluding imputed series(a)	0.8	1.0

a. Excluding two series imputed off headline CPI in the September 2020 quarter: domestic holiday travel and accommodation and international holiday travel and accommodation.

Table 1 shows both the quarterly and annual movements for selected exclusion-based measures and can be used to compare to the headline CPI. For example, when excluding child care from the CPI, the quarterly movement is 0.5 per cent compared to 0.9 per cent for the published CPI. This highlights the impact that the unwinding of free child care has had on the December 2020 quarter CPI movement.

How to calculate exclusion-based series

Points contributions, available in Table 12 of the CPI release, can be used to calculate exclusion-based measures. The sum of the points contributions of all lower level components equals the overall CPI index value. The points contribution of selected components can then be excluded and the CPI re-calculated.

Measuring the quarterly price change that would occur when excluding a CPI component is calculated by subtracting the points contribution of the CPI component from the CPI index number in each quarter and then calculating the percentage change between the resulting indexes. ‘CPI excluding electricity’ series has been used as an example in Table 2.

Table 2: Calculating exclusion-based measure example
	Dec-20	Sep-20
All Groups index	117.2	116.2
Electricity Points Contribution	3.0	3.3
All Groups minus Electricity	114.2	112.9
Quarterly movement (114.2-112.9)/112.9*100 (%)	1.2

Table 2 shows that prices of all items other than electricity increased by 1.2 per cent on average between the September 2020 and December 2020 quarters.

Spotlight: Underlying inflation measures

The Trimmed Mean and Weighted Median provide important insights into underlying inflation and the health of the Australian economy. These measures are derived from the Consumer Price Index (CPI) by removing atypical movements from the quarterly CPI, and recalculating a quarterly movement. Full details of the methods can be found in Explaining the Trimmed Mean and Weighted Median.

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in some extremely large price changes, such as the provision and subsequent discontinuation of free childcare for Australian families. The underlying inflation measures reduce the influence of these large price movements, and thereby provide a measure of medium-term inflation.

As discussed in Update to measuring the CPI in the December 2020 quarter, prices for International holiday travel and accommodation were imputed during the December quarter to have a quarterly change equal to that of the headline CPI, rather than being measured. Following the 2020 annual re-weight this series contributes a weight of 0.1% to the CPI. Additionally, Domestic holiday travel and accommodation returned to normal price collection after being imputed in the September quarter, contributing a weight of 2 per cent to the CPI.

Imputing price movements for these series presented the challenge of how they should contribute to the underlying inflation measures. The two options considered by the ABS were:

Use all 87 CPI series, including the two imputed series, in the calculation of the Trimmed Mean and Weighted Median.
Exclude the two imputed series and calculate the Trimmed Mean and Weighted Median using the remaining 85 series.

In order to maintain consistency in the methods used, the ABS selected option 1 for the official measures presented on the Main Features page of the December CPI release, as per the June and September quarters. In this article, Table 1 presents the quarterly and annual movements for both options 1 and 2.

Table 1. December 2020 quarter Trimmed Mean and Weighted Median, including and excluding imputed series
	Including imputed series (Option 1)		Excluding imputed series (Option 2)
	Quarter (%)	Annual (%)	Quarter (%)	Annual (%)
CPI	0.9	0.9	0.8	1.0
Trimmed Mean	0.4	1.2	0.4	1.4
Weighted Median	0.5	1.4	0.4	1.4

Overall, excluding these two series from the Trimmed mean and Weighted median calculations (option 2) makes little difference to the quarterly and annual movements in the December quarter.

Chart 1 shows that when included in the calculations, both imputed series contribute to the Trimmed Mean, with Domestic holiday travel and accommodation also falling as the Weighted Median. Chart 2 shows the calculation of the two measures when the two imputed series are excluded.

Chart 1. December quarter Trimmed mean and Weighted median including imputed series (option 1)

Image

Graph showing option one December quarter Trimmed mean and Weighted median including imputed series

Description

Chart 1. December quarter Trimmed mean and Weighted median including imputed series (option 1) Graph showing the calculation of the Trimmed mean and Weighted median including imputed series (option 1). Influential series such as Child care and Electricity are trimmed from the trimmed mean.

Data for: December quarter Trimmed mean and Weighted median including imputed series (option 1)

Data for: December quarter Trimmed mean and Weighted median including imputed series (option 1)
Ranked seasonally adjusted CPI series	Seasonally adjusted percentage change
1	-7.69
2	-3.86
3	-3.84
4	-2.18
5	-1.87
6	-1.86
7	-1.61
8	-1.37
9	-1.26
10	-1.06
11	-0.99
12	-0.80
13	-0.65
14	-0.64
15	-0.60
16	-0.53
17	-0.51
18	-0.47
19	-0.41
20	-0.40
21	-0.36
22	-0.35
23	-0.32
24	-0.31
25	-0.30
26	-0.28
27	-0.13
28	-0.13
29	-0.03
30	-0.02
31	-0.01
32	0.04
33	0.06
34	0.09
35	0.12
36	0.13
37	0.14
38	0.16
39	0.19
40	0.20
41	0.22
42	0.29
43	0.30
44	0.31
45	0.34
46	0.35
47	0.36
48	0.39
49	0.41
50	0.43
51	0.48
52	0.50
53	0.51
54	0.53
55	0.53
56	0.57
57	0.58
58	0.61
59	0.61
60	0.62
61	0.63
62	0.65
63	0.68
64	0.71
65	0.78
66	0.88
67	0.89
68	0.89
69	0.92
70	1.04
71	1.07
72	1.22
73	1.25
74	1.37
75	1.52
76	1.65
77	2.13
78	2.16
79	2.77
80	2.81
81	3.88
82	3.94
83	4.26
84	5.28
85	5.40
86	6.09
87	38.13

Chart 2. September quarter Trimmed mean and Weighted median excluding imputed series (option 2)

Image

Graph showing option two December quarter Trimmed mean and Weighted median excluding imputed series

Description

Chart 2. December quarter Trimmed mean and Weighted median excluding imputed series (option 2) Graph showing calculation of the Trimmed mean and Weighted median excluding imputed series (option 2). Influential series such as Child care and Electricity are trimmed from the trimmed mean.

Data for: December quarter Trimmed mean and Weighted median excluding imputed series (option 2)

Data for: December quarter Trimmed mean and Weighted median excluding imputed series (option 2)
Ranked seasonally adjusted CPI series	Seasonally adjusted percentage change
1	-7.69
2	-3.86
3	-3.84
4	-2.18
5	-1.87
6	-1.86
7	-1.61
8	-1.37
9	-1.26
10	-1.06
11	-0.99
12	-0.80
13	-0.65
14	-0.64
15	-0.60
16	-0.53
17	-0.51
18	-0.47
19	-0.41
20	-0.40
21	-0.36
22	-0.35
23	-0.32
24	-0.31
25	-0.30
26	-0.28
27	-0.13
28	-0.13
29	-0.03
30	-0.02
31	-0.01
32	0.04
33	0.06
34	0.09
35	0.12
36	0.13
37	0.14
38	0.16
39	0.19
40	0.20
41	0.22
42	0.29
43	0.30
44	0.31
45	0.34
46	0.35
47	0.36
48	0.39
49	0.41
50	0.43
51	0.50
52	0.51
53	0.53
54	0.53
55	0.57
56	0.58
57	0.61
58	0.61
59	0.62
60	0.63
61	0.65
62	0.68
63	0.71
64	0.88
65	0.89
66	0.89
67	0.92
68	1.04
69	1.07
70	1.22
71	1.25
72	1.37
73	1.52
74	1.65
75	2.13
76	2.16
77	2.77
78	2.81
79	3.88
80	3.94
81	4.26
82	5.28
83	5.40
84	6.09
85	38.13

Article archive

Response to COVID-19

CPI feature articles

CPI enhancements

CPI 17th series review

Selected tables - capital cities

1 All groups CPI, index numbers(a)

All Groups CPI, Index Numbers(a)
Period	Sydney	Melbourne	Brisbane	Adelaide	Perth	Hobart	Darwin	Canberra	Weighted average of eight capital cities
2020 December	118.0	118.4	117.5	116.5	113.0	117.6	111.5	116.3	117.2
2020 September	116.8	116.7	116.2	115.7	114.1	116.7	110.8	115.4	116.2
2020 June	114.7	115.7	113.6	114.6	112.1	115.6	109.0	112.8	114.4
2020 March	117.4	117.8	116.2	115.8	113.5	117.2	111.8	115.5	116.6
2019 December	117.1	116.9	116.3	115.4	113.1	116.7	111.5	115.0	116.2
2019 September	116.5	115.9	115.5	114.5	112.6	114.7	111.3	114.3	115.4
2019 June	115.9	115.3	114.8	113.7	112.0	114.1	111.0	113.5	114.8
2019 March	115.1	114.7	114.1	113.1	111.2	113.4	110.1	113.2	114.1
2018 December	115.2	114.6	114.0	113.0	111.3	113.6	111.0	113.1	114.1
2018 September	114.7	114.0	113.4	112.4	110.8	112.2	110.8	112.3	113.5
2018 June	114.0	113.8	112.9	112.1	110.2	111.5	110.1	111.6	113.0
2018 March	113.6	113.3	112.4	111.6	110.0	111.1	109.7	111.2	112.6
2017 December	113.3	112.3	112.3	111.2	109.9	110.3	109.7	110.3	112.1
2017 September	112.5	111.5	111.4	110.4	109.5	109.2	109.4	109.6	111.4
2017 June	111.7	111.0	111.0	109.2	109.0	108.9	108.8	108.6	110.7
2017 March	111.3	110.9	110.5	109.1	109.0	108.9	108.5	108.6	110.5
2016 December	110.9	109.9	110.2	108.7	109.0	108.0	108.6	107.9	110.0
2019-20	116.4	116.6	115.4	115.1	112.8	116.1	110.9	114.4	115.7
2018-19	115.2	114.7	114.1	113.1	111.3	113.3	110.7	113.0	114.1
2017-18	113.4	112.7	112.3	111.3	109.9	110.5	109.7	110.7	112.3

2 All groups CPI, percentage changes

Percentage Change (from Previous Financial Year)
Period	Sydney	Melbourne	Brisbane	Adelaide	Perth	Hobart	Darwin	Canberra	Weighted average of eight capital cities
2019-20	1.0	1.7	1.2	1.8	1.3	2.4	0.2	1.2	1.3
2018-19	1.7	1.7	1.6	1.5	1.3	2.5	0.9	2.1	1.6
2017-18	2.0	2.3	1.7	2.3	0.9	2.1	1.0	2.4	1.9

Percentage Change (from Corresponding Quarter of Previous Year)
Period	Sydney	Melbourne	Brisbane	Adelaide	Perth	Hobart	Darwin	Canberra	Weighted average of eight capital cities
2020 December	0.8	1.3	1.0	1.0	-0.1	0.8	0.0	1.1	0.9
2020 September	0.3	0.7	0.6	1.0	1.3	1.7	-0.4	1.0	0.7
2020 June	-1.0	0.3	-1.0	0.8	0.1	1.3	-1.8	-0.6	-0.3
2020 March	2.0	2.7	1.8	2.4	2.1	3.4	1.5	2.0	2.2
2019 December	1.6	2.0	2.0	2.1	1.6	2.7	0.5	1.7	1.8
2019 September	1.6	1.7	1.9	1.9	1.6	2.2	0.5	1.8	1.7
2019 June	1.7	1.3	1.7	1.4	1.6	2.3	0.8	1.7	1.6
2019 March	1.3	1.2	1.5	1.3	1.1	2.1	0.4	1.8	1.3
2018 December	1.7	2.0	1.5	1.6	1.3	3.0	1.2	2.5	1.8
2018 September	2.0	2.2	1.8	1.8	1.2	2.7	1.3	2.5	1.9
2018 June	2.1	2.5	1.7	2.7	1.1	2.4	1.2	2.8	2.1
2018 March	2.1	2.2	1.7	2.3	0.9	2.0	1.1	2.4	1.9
2017 December	2.2	2.2	1.9	2.3	0.8	2.1	1.0	2.2	1.9
2017 September	1.9	2.2	1.5	1.8	0.8	2.0	0.6	2.1	1.8
2017 June	2.2	2.2	1.8	1.6	0.7	2.3	0.5	2.1	1.9
2017 March	2.4	2.5	1.8	2.0	1.0	2.3	0.5	2.3	2.1
2016 December	1.8	1.5	1.6	1.3	0.4	1.3	-0.4	1.8	1.5

Percentage Change (From Previous quarter)
Period	Sydney	Melbourne	Brisbane	Adelaide	Perth	Hobart	Darwin	Canberra	Weighted average of eight capital cities
2020 December	1.0	1.5	1.1	0.7	-1.0	0.8	0.6	0.8	0.9
2020 September	1.8	0.9	2.3	1.0	1.8	1.0	1.7	2.3	1.6
2020 June	-2.3	-1.8	-2.2	-1.0	-1.2	-1.4	-2.5	-2.3	-1.9
2020 March	0.3	0.8	-0.1	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.3
2019 December	0.5	0.9	0.7	0.8	0.4	1.7	0.2	0.6	0.7
2019 September	0.5	0.5	0.6	0.7	0.5	0.5	0.3	0.7	0.5
2019 June	0.7	0.5	0.6	0.5	0.7	0.6	0.8	0.3	0.6
2019 March	-0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	-0.1	-0.2	-0.8	0.1	0.0
2018 December	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	1.2	0.2	0.7	0.5
2018 September	0.6	0.2	0.4	0.3	0.5	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.4
2018 June	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.2	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4
2018 March	0.3	0.9	0.1	0.4	0.1	0.7	0.0	0.8	0.4
2017 December	0.7	0.7	0.8	0.7	0.4	1.0	0.3	0.6	0.6
2017 September	0.7	0.5	0.4	1.1	0.5	0.3	0.6	0.9	0.6
2017 June	0.4	0.1	0.5	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.0	0.2
2017 March	0.4	0.9	0.3	0.4	0.0	0.8	-0.1	0.6	0.5
2016 December	0.5	0.7	0.5	0.3	0.4	0.8	-0.1	0.6	0.5

3 Longer term series: all groups CPI, weighted average of eight capital cities, index numbers

	31 March no.	30 June no.	30 September no.	31 December no.
2020	116.6	114.4	116.2	117.2
2019	114.1	114.8	115.4	116.2
2018	112.6	113.0	113.5	114.1
2017	110.5	110.7	111.4	112.1
2016	108.2	108.6	109.4	110.0
2015	106.8	107.5	108.0	108.4
2014	105.4	105.9	106.4	106.6
2013	102.4	102.8	104.0	104.8
2012	99.9	100.4	101.8	102.0
2011	98.3	99.2	99.8	99.8
2010	95.2	95.8	96.5	96.9
2009	92.5	92.9	93.8	94.3
2008	90.3	91.6	92.7	92.4
2007	86.6	87.7	88.3	89.1
2006	84.5	85.9	86.7	86.6
2005	82.1	82.6	83.4	83.8
2004	80.2	80.6	80.9	81.5
2003	78.6	78.6	79.1	79.5
2002	76.1	76.6	77.1	77.6
2001	73.9	74.5	74.7	75.4
2000	69.7	70.2	72.9	73.1
1999	67.8	68.1	68.7	69.1
1998	67.0	67.4	67.5	67.8
1997	67.1	66.9	66.6	66.8
1996	66.2	66.7	66.9	67.0
1995	63.8	64.7	65.5	66.0
1994	61.5	61.9	62.3	62.8
1993	60.6	60.8	61.1	61.2
1992	59.9	59.7	59.8	60.1
1991	58.9	59.0	59.3	59.9
1990	56.2	57.1	57.5	59.0
1989	51.7	53.0	54.2	55.2
1988	48.4	49.3	50.2	51.2
1987	45.3	46.0	46.8	47.6
1986	41.4	42.1	43.2	44.4
1985	37.9	38.8	39.7	40.5

History of changes

26 February 2021

The spotlight article 'CPI exclusion based measures' contains a formula in Table 2. The formula is to assist users in how to calculate a percentage change. The formula contained an error which has been corrected. There were no errors in any data contained in Table 2.

Data Downloads

Time Series Spreadsheets

Data files

TABLES 1 and 2. CPI: All Groups, Index Numbers and Percentage Changes
Download xls [152.5 KB]
TABLES 3 and 4. CPI: Groups, Weighted Average of Eight Capital Cities, Index Numbers and Percentage Changes
Download xls [154 KB]
TABLE 5. CPI: Groups, Index Numbers by Capital City
Download xls [356 KB]
TABLE 6. CPI: Group, Sub-group and Expenditure Class Contribution to Change in All Groups Indexes, by Capital City
Download xls [876 KB]
TABLE 7. CPI: Group, Sub-group and Expenditure Class, Weighted Average of Eight Capital Cities
Download xls [1.28 MB]
TABLE 8. CPI: Analytical Series, Weighted Average of Eight Capital Cities
Download xls [363 KB]
TABLE 9. CPI: Group, Sub-group and Expenditure Class, Index Numbers by Capital City
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TABLE 10. CPI: Group, Sub-group and Expenditure Class, Percentage change from corresponding quarter of previous year by Capital City
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TABLE 11. CPI: Group, Sub-group and Expenditure Class, Percentage change from previous quarter by Capital City
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TABLE 12. CPI: Group, Sub-group and Expenditure Class, Points Contribution, by Capital City
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TABLE 13. CPI: Group, Expenditure Class and Selected Analytical Series Index Numbers, Seasonally adjusted, Weighted Average of Eight Capital Cities
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TABLE 14. CPI: Expenditure Class, Combined seasonal adjustment factors, Weighted Average of Eight Capital Cities
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All Time Series Spreadsheets
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Use of price indexes in contracts

Price indexes published by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) provide summary measures of the movements in various categories of prices over time. They are published primarily for use in Government economic analysis. Price indexes are also often used in contracts by businesses and government to adjust payments and/or charges to take account of changes in categories of prices (Indexation Clauses).

Use of Price Indexes in Contracts that sets out a range of issues that should be taken into account by parties considering including an Indexation Clause in a contract using an ABS published price index.

Frequently asked questions

The Frequently Asked Questions page that has answers to a number of common questions to do with price indexes and the Consumer Price Index, in particular.

Previous catalogue number

This release previously used catalogue number 6401.0.

Methodology

Consumer Price Index, Australia methodology, December 2020

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