Australian National Accounts: National Income, Expenditure and Product

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Quarterly estimates of key economic flows in Australia, including gross domestic product (GDP), consumption, investment, income and saving

Reference period
June 2022
Released
7/09/2022

Key statistics

  • The Australian economy rose 0.9% in seasonally adjusted chain volume measures 
  • GDP rose 3.9% in 2021-22 
  • The terms of trade rose 4.6% 
  • Household saving ratio decreased to 8.7% from 11.1% 

Economic overview

Unless otherwise stated all figures are in seasonally adjusted, chain volume measures.

The reference year for chain volume measures is 2019-20.

For more information about the changes in this issue, please see revisions and changes on this page.

June key figures, percentage changes (a)

 

  Mar 21 to Jun 21Jun 21 to Sep 21Sep 21 to Dec 21Dec 21 to Mar 22Mar 22 to Jun 22Through the year, Jun 21 to Jun 22
Chain volume GDP and related measures (b)
 GDP0.6-1.83.90.70.93.6
 GDP per capita (c)0.3-1.93.60.50.52.7
 Gross value added market sector (d)1.2-1.43.80.81.34.4
 Real net national disposable income2.1-3.82.41.92.73.0
Productivity
 GDP per hour worked-1.43.0-0.71.2-1.91.5
 Real unit labour costs0.4-0.1-1.0-2.2-1.6-4.8
Prices
 GDP chain price index (original)3.2-0.1-0.85.04.38.7
 Terms of trade6.90.6-5.17.54.67.5
Current price measures
 GDP2.7-0.33.64.14.312.1
 Household saving ratio11.719.813.511.18.7na

na not available

a. Change on preceding quarter, except for the last column which shows the change between the current quarter and the corresponding quarter of the previous year. Excludes Household saving ratio.
b. Reference year for chain volume measures and real income measures is 2019-20.
c. Population estimates are as published in the National, state and territory population (cat. no. 3101.0) and ABS projections.
d. ANZSIC divisions A to N, R and S. See Glossary - Market sector.

Australian economy rose 0.9% in the June quarter 2022

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) rose 0.9% this quarter, following a rise of 0.7% in March. The continued growth was aided by the first full quarter of re-opened domestic and international borders since the pandemic began. 

The Australian economy grew by 3.9% over 2021-22. This is the strongest year-on-year growth since 2011-12 and a recovery from the Delta-affected 1.6% rise in the previous financial year. For further analysis on the impacts of the pandemic on economic growth, see Economic gains and losses over the COVID-19 pandemic.

Domestic demand remains strong

Domestic final demand contributed 1.0 percentage point to GDP growth. Household final consumption expenditure contributed 1.1 percentage points, driven by increased spending on discretionary services. Government consumption detracted 0.2 percentage points, with reduced spending on health by state governments following the peak of the Omicron outbreak in March quarter.

Net trade contributed 1.0 percentage points, driven by a strong rise in exports (+5.5%), while imports recorded a partly offsetting rise (+0.7%).

Following an unprecedented inventory build-up of $7.8 billion in March, changes in inventories recorded a more moderate build-up of $1.6 billion this quarter, detracting 1.2 percentage points from GDP growth. 

a. Contributions may not be additive due to rounding.

Export demand supports growth

Exports of goods and services contributed 1.1 percentage points to GDP growth. Strength this quarter was broad-based across rural and mining goods, as well as services exports. Exports of services rose 13.7%, reflecting education-related travel as international students returned to Australia. This was the strongest rise since the Sydney Olympics boosted travel exports in September quarter 2000.

Imports detracted from growth, as the easing of travel restrictions led to increased numbers of Australians travelling abroad.

a. Contributions may not be additive due to rounding.

Increased travel contributes to household spending

Household spending rose 2.2% this quarter.

Spending on services increased 3.6%, exceeding pre-pandemic levels for the first time. The easing of travel restrictions accelerated spending on transport and other related services. Hotels, cafes and restaurants (+8.8%), transport services (+37.3%) and recreation and culture (+3.6%) all contributed to the rise. 

Spending on goods decreased 0.1%, as heightened demand during the onset of the pandemic began to stabilise.

Price pressures continue to build across the economy

Nominal GDP rose 4.3%. The GDP implicit price deflator (IPD) increased 3.3% and was 6.9% higher year-on-year. The annual price growth was the fastest since 1988-89 and was broad-based across the domestic economy and international trade.

The terms of trade rose 4.6% for the quarter, with export (+8.8%) and import prices (+3.9%) both up strongly. Continued strength in export prices reflected ongoing demand for Australia's mining and agricultural commodities amidst supply constraints in other producing nations.
        
The domestic final demand IPD rose 1.6%. This was the strongest growth since the introduction of the Goods and Services Tax, reflecting sustained levels of demand and high input costs.
 

Commodity prices drive Mining profits

Gross operating surplus plus gross mixed income (GOSMI) rose 7.3%. Mining operating surplus rose 16.9%, reflecting continued strength in commodity prices, particularly coal and liquified natural gas. Exports of mining commodities rose 17.7% in current price terms.

Non-Mining operating surplus increased 3.8%. Agriculture and Manufacturing benefitted from higher prices received for output. Other industries, including Transport, Postal and Warehousing and Accommodation and Food Services, were supported by increased activity.
 

a. Contributions may not be additive due to rounding.

Continued growth in COE as labour market tightens

COE rose 2.4% this quarter, the strongest rise since June quarter 2010. Hours worked rose 2.9%, rebounding from flood and Omicron-related absenteeism in the March quarter. Strength in COE is consistent with growth in employment in Labour Force, Australia. The number of employed persons rose 0.9% over the quarter, driven by growth in full-time employment (2.3%).

Private sector COE rose 3.1% and was the predominant contributor to growth. Wage pressures continue to build from skilled labour shortages, resulting in businesses paying more to attract and retain staff.

Mining performance drives changes in factor income shares

The recent rises in commodity prices and subsequent increases in Mining profits have impacted on the shares of factor income. The profits share of total factor income increased to a record 32.9% this quarter, while the COE share declined to a new low of 48.5%.

Excluding the Mining industry, these shares are more in line with their pre-pandemic levels.

Household saving ratio continues to decline as consumption opportunities increase

The household saving ratio declined from 11.1% to 8.7%, remaining slightly above pre-pandemic levels.

Household saving fell as the rise in household spending outpaced growth in gross disposable income. Household gross disposable income rose 1.0%, driven by gross income. Labour income (COE) increased in line with strong labour market conditions. This was partly offset by non-life insurance claims, which fell back to more normal levels following major flood events in New South Wales and Queensland in March quarter.

Income payable detracted from growth in gross disposable income, driven by income tax and interest paid. This is consistent with strong labour market outcomes and increases in interest rates during the quarter.

a. Contributions may not be additive due to rounding.

Services industries drive strength in gross value added

Gross value added rose 1.2%. Hospitality, transport and other related services industries increased strongly with the removal of restrictions and increased travel. Accommodation and Food Services (+10.7%), Transport, Postal and Warehousing (+7.5%) and Arts and Recreation Services (+3.5%) all rose. Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services (+4.1%) rose with cooler than usual temperatures over the quarter increasing energy consumption.

Expenditure

 

 % Change% Change% points contribution to growth in GDP
Mar 22 to Jun 22Jun 21 to Jun 22Mar 22 to Jun 22
Final consumption expenditure   
 General government-0.86.3-0.2
 Households2.26.01.1
 Total final consumption expenditure1.36.11.0
Gross fixed capital formation   
 Private   
  Dwellings-2.9-4.6-0.1
  Ownership transfer costs-2.4-3.7-
  Non-dwelling construction-5.0-2.0-0.2
  Machinery and equipment4.05.40.2
  Cultivated biological resources0.7-6.9-
  Intellectual property products-0.54.0-
 Public5.93.50.3
 Total gross fixed capital formation0.20.3-
Changes in inventoriesnana-1.2
Gross national expenditure-0.24.4-0.2
Exports of goods and services5.54.91.1
Imports of goods and services0.710.0-0.1
Statistical discrepancy (E)nana0.1
Gross domestic product0.93.60.9

- nil or rounded to zero (including null cells)
na not available

Final consumption expenditure (FCE) 1.3%

Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) 0.2%

Changes in inventories

Exports and imports of goods and services

Income

Income estimates are in seasonally adjusted current prices

 % Change% Change% points contribution to growth in GDP
Mar 22 to Jun 22Jun 21 to Jun 22Mar 22 to Jun 22
Compensation of employees2.47.01.1
Gross operating surplus   
 Private non-financial corporations11.229.32.6
 Other (a)2.55.60.4
Gross mixed income4.713.50.4
Taxes less subsidies on production and imports-3.07.8-0.3
Statistical discrepancy (I)nana0.1
Gross domestic product4.312.14.3

- nil or rounded to zero (including null cells)
na not available
a. Includes Public non-financial corporations, Financial corporations, General government and Dwellings owned by persons.

Compensation of employees (COE) 2.4%

Gross operating surplus (GOS) 7.9%

Taxes less subsidies on production and imports -3.0%

Production

 % Change% Change% points contribution to growth in GDP
Mar 22 to Jun 22Jun 21 to Jun 22Mar 22 to Jun 22
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing1.611.0-
Mining0.2-0.7-
Manufacturing-1.10.6-0.1
Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services4.15.30.1
Construction-0.42.2-
Wholesale Trade-2.2-0.5-0.1
Retail Trade0.44.4-
Accommodation and Food Services10.77.00.2
Transport, Postal and Warehousing7.513.10.3
Information Media and Telecommunications1.68.7-
Financial and Insurance Services0.92.60.1
Rental, Hiring and Real Estate Services1.01.3-
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services1.310.50.1
Administrative and Support Services2.88.30.1
Public Administration and Safety-0.52.2-
Education and Training0.41.7-
Health Care and Social Assistance2.55.40.2
Arts and Recreation Services3.511.1-
Other Services1.93.1-
Ownership of dwellings0.41.8-
Taxes less subsidies on products-0.10.9-
Statistical discrepancy (P)nana-0.2
Gross domestic product0.93.60.9

- nil or rounded to zero (including null cells)
na not available

Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing 1.6%

Mining 0.2%

Manufacturing -1.1%

Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services 4.1%

Construction -0.4%

Wholesale Trade -2.2%

Retail Trade 0.4%

Accommodation and Food Services 10.7%

Transport, Postal and Warehousing 7.5%

Information Media and Telecommunications 1.6%

Financial and Insurance Services 0.9%

Rental, Hiring and Real Estate Services 1.0%

Professional, Scientific and Technical Services 1.3%

Administrative and Support Services 2.8%

Health Care and Social Assistance 2.5%

Arts and Recreation Services 3.5%

Other Services 1.9%

State and territory final demand

 

 Percentage change from Mar 22 to Jun 22
NSWVic.QldSAWATas.NTACTAust.(a)
Final consumption expenditure         
 General government-1.0-1.5-0.12.5-0.6-1.4-6.2-0.6-0.8
 Households2.52.32.21.51.41.41.41.42.2
Gross fixed capital formation         
 Private1.5-2.7-2.41.3-1.4-0.15.21.8-1.5
 Public8.79.64.1-2.4-3.32.94.33.65.9
State final demand1.91.01.01.50.10.6-0.50.61.0

- nil or rounded to zero (including null cells)
a. Australia estimates relate to Domestic final demand.

Quarterly volume measures, seasonally adjusted

Loading map...

The map shows quarterly volume measures of state final demand by state/territory.
New South Wales' state final demand increased 1.9% for the quarter.
Victoria's state final demand increased 1.0% for the quarter.
Queensland's state final demand increased 1.0% for the quarter.
South Australia's state final demand increased 1.5% for the quarter.
Western Australia's state final demand increased 0.1% for the quarter.
Tasmania's state final demand increased 0.6% for the quarter.
Northern Territory's state final demand decreased 0.5% for the quarter.
Australian Capital Territory's state final demand increased 0.6% for the quarter.

New South Wales 1.9%

Victoria 1.0%

Queensland 1.0%

South Australia 1.5%

Western Australia 0.1%

Tasmania 0.6%

Northern Territory -0.5%

Australian Capital Territory 0.6%

Key tables

Key national accounts aggregates

Analytical expenditure aggregates

Expenditure aggregates

Expenditure on GDP

Household final consumption expenditure

Industry gross value added

Income from GDP

State final demand

Related releases

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Australian National Accounts: Finance and Wealth (cat. no. 5232.0)

The June quarter 2022 issue of Australian National Accounts: Finance and Wealth will be released on 29 September 2022. This publication provides quarterly estimates of the financial flows between sectors of the domestic economy and with the rest of the world. This publication also provides estimates of the financial assets and liabilities owned by each sector and various sub-sectors at the end of each quarter. Other key estimates within the publication include the demand for credit by non-financial domestic institutional sectors during the quarter, and their corresponding levels of credit outstanding.

Read more

Revisions and changes

Revisions in this issue

In addition to revisions due to the incorporation of more up-to-date data and concurrent seasonal adjustment, this issue of the quarterly national accounts also incorporates revisions to travel services debits.

Revisions to travel services debits

As noted with the June 2022 issue of International Trade in Goods and Services, Australia, there have been revisions to travel services debits back to November 2021 following a review of the annual benchmark used to calculate this series. The key series impacted are imports of goods and services, and household final consumption expenditure.

Upcoming revisions - Annual Australian System of National Accounts historical revisions

Statistical revisions are carried out regularly in the Australian National Accounts to reflect the most current information and estimation methods. For most statistical releases the ABS will try to limit revisions to the most recent quarters. Periodically ABS needs to revise a longer time series of selected estimates, which is referred to as a “historical revision". Historical revisions are important for a number of reasons including improved data quality, to update classifications and to improve international comparability.

Historical revisions in the national accounts have traditionally been undertaken on an ad-hoc basis every few years. This involved holding back individual historical revisions until a time where many changes were put through in bulk. Going forward the ABS has decided to change this policy to annually make a smaller number of targeted Historical revisions. This is to ensure that the National accounts uses the most up to date data available, best captures changes in a dynamic economy and is more responsive to user needs. The ABS will advise users on annual targeted historical revisions in advance of publication.

This year’s round of targeted historical revisions will be first published in:

The 2022 round of revisions will incorporate two major changes focussing on measurement of education:

Changed treatment of non-government schools

The ABS will reclassify non-government schools from non-market Non-Profit Institutions Serving Households (NPISH) to market producers (market, non-profit institutions). These changes have been previously highlighted in the 2020-21 annual GFS publication. This will have minimal change on GDP, but results in a reclassification of government payments to non-government schools as government final consumption expenditure (GFCE). This reclassification will be largely offset in Household Final Consumption Expenditure (HFCE), where government payments to non-government schools are currently included. Household and General government net savings will also be relatively unchanged overall.

Changes to education outputs

The ABS has aligned the value of outputs of non-government schools to data from the Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority. These estimates result in an upwards revision to the output and gross value added of Division P: Education and Training and increased HFCE in primary and secondary education services. The ABS has also incorporated improved volume estimates of output for primary and secondary, vocational and higher education.

Suspension of trend estimates

Due to the impacts of COVID-19 on the economy, trend estimates for all series in the National Accounts have been suspended from June 2019 (inclusive). In the short term, this measurement will be significantly affected by changes to regular patterns in economic activity. If trend estimates were to be calculated without fully accounting for this unusual event, they would likely provide a misleading view of the underlying trend in the economy.

Extraordinary Annual Seasonal Review (EASR)

In the March quarter 2020 issue of Australian National Accounts: National Income, Expenditure and Product, the ABS advised that the method used to produce seasonally adjusted estimates would be changed from the ‘concurrent’ method to the ‘forward factors’ method for series with significant and prolonged impacts from COVID-19. 

Given the large changes in the Australian economy during the COVID-19 period and the continuing use of a forward factors approach to seasonal adjustment, the ABS has undertaken an extensive annual review of seasonally adjusted series. This review changed a range of time series treatments to ensure that the seasonal adjustment process continues to be less influenced by the large irregular movements over the past year. Revisions to most seasonally adjusted series are relatively minor, but larger than would be observed on a quarterly basis through the use of concurrent seasonal adjustment. 

For some series, the review has allowed a return to concurrent seasonal adjustment, where economic conditions are assessed to have returned to pre COVID-19 patterns. For the remaining series where this is not the case, forward factors have been calculated for the next 12 months through this annual process.

Upcoming changes to publication tables

The ABS shortly plans to publish the analytical series COE per hour worked to provide further insights into labour costs. Annual estimates will first be included in the 2021-22 issue of Australian System of National Accounts, scheduled for release on 28 October 2022. The series will be added to publication table 16. Selected Analytical Series. Subsequently, quarterly and annual estimates will be added to the September quarter 2022 issue of this publication, scheduled for release on 7 December 2022. Tables 24. Selected Analytical Series and 34. Key Aggregates and Analytical Series, Annual will be affected. For further information on the changes, please contact national.accounts@abs.gov.au.

For insights into pandemic impacts on COE per hour worked and other national accounts labour measures, please refer to the spotlight article Analytical measures of labour costs.

Data downloads

Time series spreadsheets

Data files

Data cubes

Experimental food consumption estimates using scanner data

A datacube with experimental estimates of household final consumption expenditure on food compiled using supermarket scanner data has been included in this Data downloads section.

The ABS plans to replace existing estimates of food consumption with scanner data based estimates in September quarter 2022. If you have any questions or feedback about these changes, please contact National Accounts.

Experimental HFCE Food Estimates, current price and volume, COICOP Group, SUPC and IOPC, Original

Previous catalogue number

This release previously used catalogue number 5206.0.
 

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