Balance of Payments and International Investment Position, Australia

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Balance of payments statistics on current, capital and financial transactions and the international investment position statement

Reference period

December 2021

Released

1/03/2022

View all releases

Key statistics

The current account surplus, seasonally adjusted, fell $9,304m to $12,677m.
The capital and financial account deficit fell $8,916m to $6,470m.
Australia’s net IIP liability position was $809,396m at 31 December 2021.

Main features

Key figures (a)
	Sep 21 ($m)	Dec 21 ($m)
Balance on current account (b)	21,981	12,677
Balance on goods and services (b)	37,400	31,001
Net primary income (b)	-14,742	-17,461
Capital and financial account	-15,386	-6,470
International investment position (c)	878,625	809,396

(a) Trend series is not published from June Quarter 2019
(b) Seasonally adjusted
(c) Levels at end of period

Current account balance (a), main aggregates
	Current account balance ($b)	Net goods & services ($b)	Net primary income ($b)
Dec-17	-14.9	-0.3	-14.3
Mar-18	-12.2	1.9	-14.0
Jun-18	-13.6	2.2	-15.6
Sep-18	-9.4	7.1	-16.2
Dec-18	-5.4	10.5	-15.7
Mar-19	-4.1	11.9	-15.6
Jun-19	3.9	18.2	-14.5
Sep-19	8.2	21.8	-13.4
Dec-19	4.1	16.5	-12.1
Mar-20	7.3	17.3	-9.7
Jun-20	16.5	21.6	-4.5
Sep-20	10.2	13.9	-3.1
Dec-20	17.0	19.9	-2.1
Mar-21	19.8	25.9	-5.6
Jun-21	22.4	30.5	-6.7
Sep-21	22.0	37.4	-14.7
Dec-21	12.7	31.0	-17.5

Current account balance (a), main aggregates

["","Current account balance","Net goods & services","Net primary income"]

[["Dec-17","Mar-18","Jun-18","Sep-18","Dec-18","Mar-19","Jun-19","Sep-19","Dec-19","Mar-20","Jun-20","Sep-20","Dec-20","Mar-21","Jun-21","Sep-21","Dec-21"],[[-14.9],[-12.199999999999999],[-13.6],[-9.4000000000000004],[-5.4000000000000004],[-4.0999999999999996],[3.8999999999999999],[8.1999999999999993],[4.0999999999999996],[7.2999999999999998],[16.5],[10.199999999999999],[17],[19.800000000000001],[22.399999999999999],[22],[12.699999999999999]],[[-0.29999999999999999],[1.8999999999999999],[2.2000000000000002],[7.0999999999999996],[10.5],[11.9],[18.199999999999999],[21.800000000000001],[16.5],[17.300000000000001],[21.600000000000001],[13.9],[19.899999999999999],[25.899999999999999],[30.5],[37.399999999999999],[31]],[[-14.300000000000001],[-14],[-15.6],[-16.199999999999999],[-15.699999999999999],[-15.6],[-14.5],[-13.4],[-12.1],[-9.6999999999999993],[-4.5],[-3.1000000000000001],[-2.1000000000000001],[-5.5999999999999996],[-6.7000000000000002],[-14.699999999999999],[-17.5]]]

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(a) Seasonally adjusted estimates at current prices.

International investment position
	Net IIP ($b)	Net Foreign Equity ($b)	Net Foreign Debt ($b)
Dec-17	1,009.7	-52.9	1,062.5
Mar-18	975.9	-92.1	1,068.0
Jun-18	1,009.5	-82.0	1,091.6
Sep-18	996.1	-106.3	1,102.4
Dec-18	1,037.8	-103.8	1,141.6
Mar-19	1,028.4	-127.6	1,156.0
Jun-19	1,041.3	-142.0	1,183.3
Sep-19	1,029.4	-175.8	1,205.2
Dec-19	957.2	-229.6	1,186.8
Mar-20	892.9	-312.5	1,205.4
Jun-20	975.8	-168.1	1,143.8
Sep-20	990.0	-203.6	1,193.6
Dec-20	992.4	-201.2	1,193.6
Mar-21	927.0	-246.2	1,173.2
Jun-21	894.0	-297.5	1,191.6
Sep-21	878.6	-329.2	1,207.8
Dec-21	809.4	-395.5	1,204.9

International investment position

["","Net IIP","Net Foreign Equity","Net Foreign Debt"]

[["Dec-17","Mar-18","Jun-18","Sep-18","Dec-18","Mar-19","Jun-19","Sep-19","Dec-19","Mar-20","Jun-20","Sep-20","Dec-20","Mar-21","Jun-21","Sep-21","Dec-21"],[[1009.668],[975.89700000000005],[1009.516],[996.08100000000002],[1037.7750000000001],[1028.376],[1041.317],[1029.3579999999999],[957.22799999999995],[892.91800000000001],[975.75199999999995],[990.03399999999999],[992.38499999999999],[927.03800000000001],[894.03499999999997],[878.625],[809.39599999999996]],[[-52.865000000000002],[-92.134],[-82.037000000000006],[-106.285],[-103.833],[-127.607],[-142.01300000000001],[-175.84399999999999],[-229.61000000000001],[-312.50799999999998],[-168.065],[-203.56],[-201.19399999999999],[-246.18899999999999],[-297.52999999999997],[-329.15300000000002],[-395.459]],[[1062.5329999999999],[1068.0309999999999],[1091.5530000000001],[1102.366],[1141.6079999999999],[1155.9829999999999],[1183.3299999999999],[1205.202],[1186.838],[1205.4259999999999],[1143.817],[1193.5940000000001],[1193.579],[1173.2270000000001],[1191.5650000000001],[1207.778],[1204.855]]]

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COVID-19 in this publication

Suspension of trend estimates

The trend series attempts to measure underlying behaviour of international trade activity. In the short term, this measurement will be significantly affected by the current COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent changes to regular patterns in international trade that will occur during this time. If the trend estimates in this publication were to be calculated without fully accounting for this unusual event, they would provide a misleading view of underlying international trade activity.

It may be some time before the underlying trend in international trade activity can be accurately estimated. The trend series has therefore been suspended from June quarter 2019 and will be reinstated when more certainty emerges in the underlying trend in international trade.

Seasonal adjustment and COVID-19

International Accounts uses the concurrent seasonal adjustment method, meaning that seasonal factors are re-estimated each time new data becomes available. If not appropriately accounted for, unusual events, such as COVID-19, can distort estimates calculated using this method. From March quarter 2020, seasonal factors for series that have been notably impacted by COVID-19 will be calculated using data up to and including December quarter 2019, then projected from March quarter 2020 onwards. This approach, known as the forward factor method, ensures that the seasonal factors are not distorted by COVID-19 impacts.

The ABS has advised users that it had moved to using forward factors for seasonal analysis of a number of series, including Travel Services. Current ABS (and international practice) requires at least three years of data to assess whether a change in the seasonal pattern has occurred. Should COVID-19 result in a long-term change to the seasonal pattern then revisions to these series may occur in the future. The ABS will consult with users on any future methods changes to seasonal adjustment and potential revisions.

For more information on interpreting seasonally adjusted estimates of International travel services please see the May 2020 feature article International Travel Services time series which outlines the matter in greater detail.

Changes in this issue

Changes in forthcoming issues

Current Account

Balance on current account in current prices, seasonally adjusted (a) - December quarter 2021
	Sep 21 ($m)	Dec 21 ($m)	Sep 21 to Dec 21 ($m)
Balance on current account	21,981	12,677	-9,304
Balance on goods and services	37,400	31,001	-6,399
Net goods	36,115	31,022	-5,093
Net Services	1,285	-20	-1,305
Net primary income	-14,742	-17,461	-2,719
Net secondary income	-677	-862	-185

(a) For sign conventions, see the Concepts section in the Explanatory notes in the Methodology.

Terms of trade

Australia's seasonally adjusted terms of trade on net goods and services for the December quarter 2021 fell 5.1% to 116.1, with an increase of 0.4% in the implicit price deflator (IPD) for goods and services credits and an increase of 5.8% in the IPD for goods and services debits.

Implicit price deflator and terms of trade (a)
	Implicit Price Deflator Goods and services credits	Implicit Price Deflator Goods and services debits	Terms of Trade (net Goods and services)
Dec-13	91.9	89.8	102.4
Mar-14	92.7	92.8	99.9
Jun-14	86.8	89.9	96.5
Sep-14	83.5	89.7	93.1
Dec-14	83.2	91.3	91.2
Mar-15	81.3	92.2	88.2
Jun-15	79.3	92.6	85.6
Sep-15	79.5	95.2	83.5
Dec-15	75.8	94.9	79.9
Mar-16	72.2	92.2	78.3
Jun-16	73.7	91.0	81.0
Sep-16	76.3	90.4	84.4
Dec-16	84.7	90.4	93.7
Mar-17	88.6	90.9	97.5
Jun-17	84.9	91.4	92.8
Sep-17	83.6	89.8	93.0
Dec-17	85.3	91.6	93.1
Mar-18	88.1	93.0	94.7
Jun-18	89.8	95.3	94.2
Sep-18	93.8	97.8	95.9
Dec-18	97.0	98.3	98.7
Mar-19	97.9	98.1	99.9
Jun-19	100.3	98.7	101.7
Sep-19	103.2	99.9	103.3
Dec-19	98.9	100.0	98.8
Mar-20	99.0	100.1	98.9
Jun-20	97.1	98.6	98.5
Sep-20	95.5	95.5	100.0
Dec-20	100.3	95.3	105.3
Mar-21	107.3	94.6	113.5
Jun-21	118.3	96.9	122.1
Sep-21	125.6	102.7	122.3
Dec-21	126.2	108.7	116.1

Implicit price deflator and terms of trade (a)

["","Implicit Price Deflator Goods and services credits","Implicit Price Deflator Goods and services debits","Terms of Trade (net Goods and services)"]

[["Dec-13","Mar-14","Jun-14","Sep-14","Dec-14","Mar-15","Jun-15","Sep-15","Dec-15","Mar-16","Jun-16","Sep-16","Dec-16","Mar-17","Jun-17","Sep-17","Dec-17","Mar-18","Jun-18","Sep-18","Dec-18","Mar-19","Jun-19","Sep-19","Dec-19","Mar-20","Jun-20","Sep-20","Dec-20","Mar-21","Jun-21","Sep-21","Dec-21"],[[91.900000000000006],[92.700000000000003],[86.799999999999997],[83.5],[83.200000000000003],[81.299999999999997],[79.299999999999997],[79.5],[75.799999999999997],[72.200000000000003],[73.700000000000003],[76.299999999999997],[84.700000000000003],[88.599999999999994],[84.900000000000006],[83.599999999999994],[85.299999999999997],[88.099999999999994],[89.799999999999997],[93.799999999999997],[97],[97.900000000000006],[100.3],[103.2],[98.900000000000006],[99],[97.099999999999994],[95.5],[100.3],[107.3],[118.3],[125.59999999999999],[126.2]],[[89.799999999999997],[92.799999999999997],[89.900000000000006],[89.700000000000003],[91.299999999999997],[92.200000000000003],[92.599999999999994],[95.200000000000003],[94.900000000000006],[92.200000000000003],[91],[90.400000000000006],[90.400000000000006],[90.900000000000006],[91.400000000000006],[89.799999999999997],[91.599999999999994],[93],[95.299999999999997],[97.799999999999997],[98.299999999999997],[98.099999999999994],[98.700000000000003],[99.900000000000006],[100],[100.09999999999999],[98.599999999999994],[95.5],[95.299999999999997],[94.599999999999994],[96.900000000000006],[102.7],[108.7]],[[102.40000000000001],[99.900000000000006],[96.5],[93.099999999999994],[91.200000000000003],[88.200000000000003],[85.599999999999994],[83.5],[79.900000000000006],[78.299999999999997],[81],[84.400000000000006],[93.700000000000003],[97.5],[92.799999999999997],[93],[93.099999999999994],[94.700000000000003],[94.200000000000003],[95.900000000000006],[98.700000000000003],[99.900000000000006],[101.7],[103.3],[98.799999999999997],[98.900000000000006],[98.5],[100],[105.3],[113.5],[122.09999999999999],[122.3],[116.09999999999999]]]

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(a) Seasonally adjusted, reference year 2019-20 = 100

Relationship between IPD, EPI and IPI

Differences between the IPD and International Trade Price Indexes can arise due to a number of methodological factors, including differences in pricing points, timing, coverage and weights.

Price comparison (QoQ % change)
	Implicit price deflators (a)	Implicit price deflators (a)	Chain Laspeyres Indexes (b)	International Trade Price Indexes (b)
	Seasonally Adjusted	Original	Original	Original
Goods exports	0.3	-0.5	0.3	3.5
Services exports	0.8	0.8	1.3	na
Goods imports	5.2	5.4	6.1	5.8
Services imports	10.6	12.4	12.7	na

na not available
(a) Reference year 2019-20 = 100.
(b) Source: International Trade Price Indexes, Australia (cat. no. 6457.0).

Implicit price deflators and international trade price indexes
	Implicit Price Deflators Goods credits (a)	Implicit Price Deflators Goods debits (a)	Export Price Index (b)	Import Price Index (b)
Dec-13	91.5	93.2	93.8	104.9
Mar-14	92.4	96.4	96.4	108.3
Jun-14	85.0	93.0	88.8	105.1
Sep-14	80.9	92.5	85.3	104.3
Dec-14	80.5	93.7	85.3	105.2
Mar-15	78.0	93.9	84.6	105.0
Jun-15	75.5	94.4	80.9	106.5
Sep-15	75.7	96.3	80.9	108.0
Dec-15	71.1	95.8	76.5	107.7
Mar-16	66.8	92.7	72.9	104.5
Jun-16	68.6	91.5	73.9	103.5
Sep-16	71.7	91.2	76.9	102.5
Dec-16	81.8	91.5	88.2	102.7
Mar-17	86.8	92.5	96.0	103.9
Jun-17	82.1	92.4	90.5	103.8
Sep-17	80.5	90.8	87.8	102.1
Dec-17	82.4	92.6	90.3	104.5
Mar-18	85.8	94.2	94.7	106.6
Jun-18	87.8	96.6	96.5	110.0
Sep-18	92.6	99.3	100.1	112.1
Dec-18	96.5	99.7	104.5	112.7
Mar-19	97.8	99.0	109.2	112.1
Jun-19	100.8	99.3	113.3	113.1
Sep-19	104.5	100.4	114.8	113.5
Dec-19	98.9	100.4	108.8	114.3
Mar-20	98.8	99.8	111.7	113.1
Jun-20	96.4	97.9	109.0	110.9
Sep-20	94.7	94.8	103.4	107.0
Dec-20	100.2	94.3	109.1	105.9
Mar-21	108.3	93.9	121.3	106.1
Jun-21	121.0	95.4	137.3	108.1
Sep-21	129.2	100.4	145.8	113.9
Dec-21	129.5	105.6	150.9	120.5

Implicit price deflators and international trade price indexes

["","Implicit Price Deflators Goods credits (a)","Implicit Price Deflators Goods debits (a)","Export Price Index (b)","Import Price Index (b)"]

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(a) Reference year 2019-20 = 100
(b) Source: International Trade Price Indexes, Australia.

Balance on goods and services

In seasonally adjusted chain volume terms, the balance on goods and services was a surplus of $11,197m, a fall of $818m on the revised September quarter 2021 surplus of $12,015m.

The fall in the balance on goods and services surplus of $0.8 billion (seasonally adjusted chain volume measure) is expected to detract 0.2 percentage points from the December quarter 2021 GDP quarterly movement.

Goods and services, chain volume measures (a)
	Balance on goods and services ($m)	Balance on goods ($m)	Balance on services ($m)
Dec-13	-2,204	5,473	-7,724
Mar-14	2,120	8,834	-6,642
Jun-14	333	6,679	-6,197
Sep-14	1,761	8,131	-6,238
Dec-14	4,926	10,346	-5,285
Mar-15	6,172	11,026	-4,673
Jun-15	2,361	7,517	-5,011
Sep-15	7,672	11,906	-3,974
Dec-15	8,809	13,046	-4,145
Mar-16	13,195	16,456	-3,049
Jun-16	12,272	16,260	-3,707
Sep-16	12,427	15,863	-3,308
Dec-16	13,953	17,965	-3,693
Mar-17	7,894	11,773	-3,936
Jun-17	10,932	13,624	-2,854
Sep-17	10,620	14,312	-3,652
Dec-17	7,539	11,586	-4,059
Mar-18	8,296	12,357	-4,120
Jun-18	9,201	12,775	-3,636
Sep-18	12,226	15,344	-3,234
Dec-18	12,293	15,412	-3,341
Mar-19	12,292	14,025	-1,958
Jun-19	16,431	17,476	-1,267
Sep-19	17,668	17,643	-209
Dec-19	17,963	17,480	260
Mar-20	18,545	18,901	-409
Jun-20	23,637	18,232	5,914
Sep-20	14,497	10,059	4,438
Dec-20	14,998	10,882	4,116
Mar-21	12,314	9,592	2,723
Jun-21	7,629	4,414	3,214
Sep-21	12,015	8,770	3,244
Dec-21	11,197	8,082	3,115

Goods and services, chain volume measures (a)

["","Balance on goods and services","Balance on goods","Balance on services"]

[["Dec-13","Mar-14","Jun-14","Sep-14","Dec-14","Mar-15","Jun-15","Sep-15","Dec-15","Mar-16","Jun-16","Sep-16","Dec-16","Mar-17","Jun-17","Sep-17","Dec-17","Mar-18","Jun-18","Sep-18","Dec-18","Mar-19","Jun-19","Sep-19","Dec-19","Mar-20","Jun-20","Sep-20","Dec-20","Mar-21","Jun-21","Sep-21","Dec-21"],[[-2204],[2120],[333],[1761],[4926],[6172],[2361],[7672],[8809],[13195],[12272],[12427],[13953],[7894],[10932],[10620],[7539],[8296],[9201],[12226],[12293],[12292],[16431],[17668],[17963],[18545],[23637],[14497],[14998],[12314],[7629],[12015],[11197]],[[5473],[8834],[6679],[8131],[10346],[11026],[7517],[11906],[13046],[16456],[16260],[15863],[17965],[11773],[13624],[14312],[11586],[12357],[12775],[15344],[15412],[14025],[17476],[17643],[17480],[18901],[18232],[10059],[10882],[9592],[4414],[8770],[8082]],[[-7724],[-6642],[-6197],[-6238],[-5285],[-4673],[-5011],[-3974],[-4145],[-3049],[-3707],[-3308],[-3693],[-3936],[-2854],[-3652],[-4059],[-4120],[-3636],[-3234],[-3341],[-1958],[-1267],[-209],[260],[-409],[5914],[4438],[4116],[2723],[3214],[3244],[3115]]]

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(a) Seasonally adjusted, reference year 2019-20.

Exports of goods (credits)

In seasonally adjusted terms at current prices, goods credits fell $948m (1.0%) to $121,541m, with volumes down 1.1% and prices up 0.2%.

Goods credits, price and volume change - seasonally adjusted - December quarter 2021
		Current prices ($m)	Current prices (%)	Chain volume measures (a) (%)	Implicit price deflators (a)(b)(%)
Exports of goods		-948	-0.8	-1.1	0.3
	Rural goods	1,122	7.7	2.9	4.6
	Non-rural goods	-2,711	-2.7	-2.6	-0.1
	Net exports of goods under merchanting	30	46.2	93.5	-24.6
	Non-monetary gold	610	10.2	8.8	1.4

(a) Reference year 2019-20 = 100
(b) Movements in indexes are based on data to four decimal places

Rural goods

Rural goods, current price (seasonally adjusted)
		Sep 21 ($m)	Dec 21 ($m)	Sep 21 to Dec 21 ($m)	Sep 21 to Dec 21 (%)
Rural goods	14,647	15,769	1,122	8
	Meat and meat preparations	3,982	4,030	48	1
	Cereal grains and cereal preparations	3,530	4,582	1,052	30
	Wool and sheepskins	1,108	832	-276	-25
	Other rural(a)	6,028	6,325	297	5

Non-rural goods

Non-rural goods, current price (seasonally adjusted)
		Sep 21 ($m)	Dec 21 ($m)	Sep 21 to Dec 21 ($m)	Sep 21 to Dec 21 (%)
Non-rural goods	101,822	99,111	-2,711	-3
	Metal ores and minerals	48,896	35,093	-13,803	-28
	Coal, coke and briquettes	17,918	24,889	6,971	39
	Other mineral fuels	17,910	22,299	4,389	25
	Metals (excl. non-monetary gold)	3,486	3,264	-222	-6
	Machinery	2,808	2,712	-96	-3
	Transport equipment	994	938	-56	-6
	Other manufactures	5,612	5,548	-64	-1
	Other non-rural (incl. sugar and beverages)(a)	3,584	3,706	122	3
	Goods procured in ports by carriers	612	662	50	8

Selected major commodities, current prices (a)
	Metal ores and minerals ($m)	Coal, coke and briquettes ($m)	Other mineral fuels ($m)
Dec-13	25,178	10,452	6,346
Mar-14	25,471	10,342	8,020
Jun-14	22,361	9,177	8,053
Sep-14	20,640	9,140	7,449
Dec-14	20,292	9,637	7,214
Mar-15	19,125	10,150	6,549
Jun-15	17,889	9,146	5,264
Sep-15	18,695	9,495	5,895
Dec-15	16,540	8,443	5,989
Mar-16	15,882	7,905	5,633
Jun-16	17,647	8,600	5,141
Sep-16	18,535	9,445	5,882
Dec-16	22,045	16,107	7,011
Mar-17	24,449	15,083	7,334
Jun-17	20,382	13,461	8,697
Sep-17	21,703	14,339	8,181
Dec-17	22,009	14,358	8,326
Mar-18	23,119	15,715	10,736
Jun-18	22,954	15,930	12,236
Sep-18	23,564	17,416	14,420
Dec-18	25,728	17,971	16,282
Mar-19	27,422	16,901	14,912
Jun-19	32,776	17,234	14,772
Sep-19	34,671	16,170	15,917
Dec-19	31,980	13,742	15,069
Mar-20	31,080	13,204	14,741
Jun-20	34,335	11,460	12,619
Sep-20	36,730	9,307	8,255
Dec-20	42,145	9,284	9,241
Mar-21	48,691	9,784	10,331
Jun-21	54,175	10,786	11,928
Sep-21	48,896	17,918	17,910
Dec-21	35,093	24,889	22,299

Imports of goods (debits)

In seasonally adjusted terms at current prices, goods debits rose $4,145m (4.8%) to $90,519m, with volumes down 0.4% and prices up 5.2%.

Goods debits, price and volume change - seasonally adjusted - December quarter 2021
		Current prices ($m)	Current prices (%)	Chain volume measures (a) (%)	Implicit price deflators (a)(b)(%)
Total Goods Imports		4,145	4.8	-0.4	5.2
	Consumption goods	-123	-0.4	-2.6	2.2
	Capital goods	-68	-0.3	-3.9	3.8
	Intermediate and other merchandise goods	4,356	12.3	4.0	8.0
	Non-monetary gold	-20	-1.4	-2.7	1.3

(a) Reference year 2019-20 = 100
(b) Movements in indexes are based on data to four decimal places

Consumption goods

Consumption goods(a), seasonally adjusted
	Sep 21 ($m)	Dec 21 ($m)	Sep 21 to Dec 21 ($m)	Sep 21 to Dec 21 (%)
Consumption goods	-27,749	-27,626	-123	-
	Food and beverages, mainly for consumption	-4,088	-4,014	-74	-2
	Household electrical items	-1,645	-1,602	-43	-3
	Non-industrial transport equipment	-6,268	-5,893	-375	-6
	Textiles, clothing and footwear	-4,996	-5,111	115	2
	Toys, books and leisure goods	-1,890	-1,986	96	5
	Consumption goods n.e.s.	-8,863	-9,020	157	2

Capital goods

Capital goods(a), seasonally adjusted
	Sep 21 ($m)	Dec 21 ($m)	Sep 21 to Dec 21 ($m)	Sep 21 to Dec 21 (%)
Capital goods	-21,677	-21,609	-68	-
	Machinery and industrial equipment	-7,006	-6,636	-370	-5
	ADP equipment	-3,605	-3,569	-36	-1
	Telecommunications equipment	-3,265	-3,513	248	8
	Civil aircraft and confidentialised items(b)(c)	-1,242	-2,039	797	64
	Industrial transport equipment n.e.s.	-3,828	-3,984	156	4
	Capital goods n.e.s.(d)	-2,730	-1,867	-863	-32

Intermediate and other merchandise goods

Intermediate and other merchandise goods(a), seasonally adjusted
	Sep 21 ($m)	Dec 21 ($m)	Sep 21 to Dec 21 ($m)	Sep 21 to Dec 21 (%)
Intermediate and other merchandise goods	-35,522	-39,878	4,356	12
	Food and beverages, mainly for industry	-521	-576	55	11
	Primary industrial supplies n.e.s.(b)	-626	-849	223	36
	Fuels and lubricants(c)	-9,330	-10,849	1,519	16
	Parts for transport equipment	-3,650	-3,604	-46	-1
	Parts for ADP equipment	-233	-260	27	12
	Other parts for capital goods	-4,955	-5,305	350	7
	Organic and inorganic chemicals	-1,003	-1,410	407	41
	Paper and paperboard	-594	-619	25	4
	Textile yarn and fabrics	-428	-424	-4	-1
	Iron and steel	-1,033	-1,472	439	42
	Plastics	-1,218	-1,468	250	21
	Processed industrial supplies n.e.s.	-11,569	-12,867	1,298	11
	Other merchandise goods(d)(e)	-345	-153	-192	-56
	Goods procured in ports by carriers(c)	-18	-21	3	17

Services

Services exports, price and volume change - seasonally adjusted - December quarter 2021
		Current prices ($m)	Current prices (%)	Chain volume measures (a) (%)	Implicit price deflators (a)(b)(%)
Exports of services		-576	-4	-5	1
	Manufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others	-2	-22	-	-
	Maintenance and repair services n.i.e.	1	17	17	1
	Transport	32	4	1	2
	Travel	-470	-9	-9	-
	Other services	-138	-2	-2	1

- nil or rounded to zero (including null cells)
(a) Reference year 2019-20 = 100
(b) Movements in indexes are based on data to four decimal places

Services imports, price and volume change - seasonally adjusted - December quarter 2021
		Current prices ($m)	Current prices (%)	Chain volume measures (a) (%)	Implicit price deflators (a)(b)(%)
Imports of services		729	5	-5	11
	Manufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others	-	-	-	-
	Maintenance and repair services n.i.e.	-7	-5	-6	1
	Transport	987	21	-8	32
	Travel	92	42	40	1
	Other services	-342	-4	-5	1

- nil or rounded to zero (including null cells)
(a) Reference year 2019-20 = 100
(b) Movements in indexes are based on data to four decimal places

Income

The primary income deficit widened by $2,719m to $17,461m in the December quarter 2021.

Net primary income
	Trend (a) ($b)	Net primary income (b) ($b)	Primary income credits (b) ($b)	Primary income debits (b) ($b)
Dec-13	-10.952	-10.775	12.317	-23.092
Mar-14	-10.504	-11.134	12.593	-23.727
Jun-14	-9.484	-9.132	12.462	-21.595
Sep-14	-8.348	-8.295	13.762	-22.057
Dec-14	-7.740	-7.817	13.231	-21.048
Mar-15	-8.147	-7.787	13.303	-21.090
Jun-15	-9.207	-9.043	13.095	-22.138
Sep-15	-9.858	-10.582	12.720	-23.302
Dec-15	-9.784	-10.054	13.521	-23.574
Mar-16	-9.239	-8.205	12.905	-21.110
Jun-16	-9.308	-10.154	13.232	-23.387
Sep-16	-10.324	-9.396	13.177	-22.573
Dec-16	-11.668	-12.330	13.967	-26.296
Mar-17	-12.732	-12.668	13.835	-26.504
Jun-17	-13.510	-13.489	13.993	-27.482
Sep-17	-13.761	-13.736	13.865	-27.601
Dec-17	-14.070	-14.313	14.441	-28.754
Mar-18	-14.609	-14.020	15.126	-29.146
Jun-18	-15.350	-15.586	16.140	-31.726
Sep-18	-15.928	-16.204	17.147	-33.351
Dec-18	-15.982	-15.729	17.371	-33.100
Mar-19	-15.421	-15.575	18.542	-34.117
Jun-19		-14.521	17.756	-32.277
Sep-19		-13.379	17.668	-31.047
Dec-19		-12.122	17.949	-30.071
Mar-20		-9.725	17.921	-27.646
Jun-20		-4.508	15.244	-19.752
Sep-20		-3.097	16.527	-19.624
Dec-20		-2.150	15.217	-17.367
Mar-21		-5.648	17.009	-22.657
Jun-21		-6.713	17.048	-23.761
Sep-21		-14.742	19.137	-33.878
Dec-21		-17.461	20.783	-38.245

Net primary income

["","Trend (a)","Net primary income (b)","Primary income credits (b)","Primary income debits (b)"]

[["Dec-13","Mar-14","Jun-14","Sep-14","Dec-14","Mar-15","Jun-15","Sep-15","Dec-15","Mar-16","Jun-16","Sep-16","Dec-16","Mar-17","Jun-17","Sep-17","Dec-17","Mar-18","Jun-18","Sep-18","Dec-18","Mar-19","Jun-19","Sep-19","Dec-19","Mar-20","Jun-20","Sep-20","Dec-20","Mar-21","Jun-21","Sep-21","Dec-21"],[[-10.952],[-10.504],[-9.484],[-8.3480000000000008],[-7.7400000000000002],[-8.1470000000000002],[-9.2070000000000007],[-9.8580000000000005],[-9.7840000000000007],[-9.2390000000000008],[-9.3079999999999998],[-10.324],[-11.667999999999999],[-12.731999999999999],[-13.51],[-13.760999999999999],[-14.07],[-14.609],[-15.35],[-15.928000000000001],[-15.981999999999999],[-15.420999999999999],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null]],[[-10.775],[-11.134],[-9.1319999999999997],[-8.2949999999999999],[-7.8170000000000002],[-7.7869999999999999],[-9.0429999999999993],[-10.582000000000001],[-10.054],[-8.2050000000000001],[-10.154],[-9.3960000000000008],[-12.33],[-12.667999999999999],[-13.489000000000001],[-13.736000000000001],[-14.313000000000001],[-14.02],[-15.586],[-16.204000000000001],[-15.728999999999999],[-15.574999999999999],[-14.521000000000001],[-13.379],[-12.122],[-9.7249999999999996],[-4.508],[-3.097],[-2.1499999999999999],[-5.6479999999999997],[-6.7130000000000001],[-14.742000000000001],[-17.460999999999999]],[[12.317],[12.593],[12.462],[13.762],[13.231],[13.303000000000001],[13.095000000000001],[12.720000000000001],[13.521000000000001],[12.904999999999999],[13.231999999999999],[13.177],[13.967000000000001],[13.835000000000001],[13.993],[13.865],[14.441000000000001],[15.125999999999999],[16.140000000000001],[17.146999999999998],[17.370999999999999],[18.542000000000002],[17.756],[17.667999999999999],[17.949000000000002],[17.920999999999999],[15.244],[16.527000000000001],[15.217000000000001],[17.009],[17.047999999999998],[19.137],[20.783000000000001]],[[-23.091999999999999],[-23.727],[-21.594999999999999],[-22.056999999999999],[-21.047999999999998],[-21.09],[-22.138000000000002],[-23.302],[-23.574000000000002],[-21.109999999999999],[-23.387],[-22.573],[-26.295999999999999],[-26.504000000000001],[-27.481999999999999],[-27.600999999999999],[-28.754000000000001],[-29.146000000000001],[-31.725999999999999],[-33.350999999999999],[-33.100000000000001],[-34.116999999999997],[-32.277000000000001],[-31.047000000000001],[-30.071000000000002],[-27.646000000000001],[-19.751999999999999],[-19.623999999999999],[-17.367000000000001],[-22.657],[-23.760999999999999],[-33.878],[-38.244999999999997]]]

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(a) Trend series is not published from June Quarter 2019

(b) Seasonally adjusted

Primary income credits

In seasonally adjusted terms at current prices, income to residents (credits) rose $1,646m (8.6%) to $20,783m. The main components contributing to this rise were:

Direct investment assets - income on equity and investment fund shares; up $151m (1.9%)
Portfolio investment assets - investment income on equity and investment fund shares; up $904m (10.5%)
Portfolio investment assets - interest; up $544m (45.9%)

Primary income debits

In seasonally adjusted terms at current prices income to non-residents (debits) rose $4,367m (12.9%) to $38,245m. The main components contributing to this rise were:

Direct investment liabilities - income on equity and investment fund shares; up $6,740m (37.9%)
Portfolio investment liabilities - investment income on equity and investment fund shares; down $3,892m (40.1%)
Portfolio investment liabilities - interest; up $1,410m (40%)

Secondary income

In seasonally adjusted terms at current prices, the net secondary income deficit rose $185m to $862m in the December quarter 2021.

Capital and Financial Account

The capital and financial account recorded a deficit of $6.5b during the December 2021 quarter, mainly driven by the financial account deficit of $6.3b.

The financial account deficit was due to a net outflow of equity of $30.3b and a net inflow of debt of $24.0b.

Capital and financial account
			Mar-21	Jun-21	Sep-21	Dec-21	Qtr on Qtr
			($m)	($m)	($m)	($m)	($m)
Capital account			-182	-260	-160	-180	-20
	Acquisitions/disposals of non-produced non-financial assets		6	-42	5	0	-5
		Acquisitions/disposals of non-produced non-financial assets credits	6	9	5	0	-5
		Acquisitions/disposals of non-produced non-financial assets debits	0	-51	0	0	0
	Capital transfers		-188	-218	-165	-180	-15
		Capital transfers credits	0	0	0	0	0
		Capital transfers debits	-188	-218	-165	-180	-15
Financial account			-17,863	-26,582	-15,226	-6,290	8,936
	Direct investment		8,437	4,824	-8481	16,336	24,817
		Direct investment assets	5,290	3,050	-17,048	-9,820	7,228
		Direct investment liabilities	3,147	1,774	8,567	26,155	17,588
	Portfolio investment		-33,686	-33,230	-1,954	-16,834	-14,880
		Portfolio investment assets	-12,380	-49,454	-39,494	-60,751	-21,257
		Portfolio investment liabilities	-21,306	16,225	37,540	43,916	6,376
	Financial derivatives		1,512	2,469	217	-6,962	-7,179
		Financial derivatives assets	64,702	51,707	45,906	35,756	-10,150
		Financial derivatives liabilities	-63,190	-49,238	-45,689	-42,718	2,971
	Other investment		11,339	-1,399	12,370	2,887	-9,483
		Other investment assets	-3,262	-6,867	-23,843	-2,997	20,846
		Other investment liabilities	14,600	5,469	36,213	5,885	-30,328
	Reserve assets		-5,465	754	-17,378	-1,717	15,661
	Net errors and omissions		-523	-978	-4,230	-2,442	1,788

International Investment Position

Australia's net IIP liability position was $809.4b at 31 December 2021, a decrease of $69.2b on the revised 30 September 2021 figure of $878.6b. Australia's net foreign debt liability position decreased $2.9b to $1,204.9b. Australia's net foreign equity asset position increased $66.3b to $395.5b at 31 December 2021.

International investment position, by net foreign equity and net foreign debt
		Position at beginning of period	Transactions	Price changes	Exchange rate changes	Other adjustments	Position at end of period
		($m)	($m)	($m)	($m)	($m)	($m)
Net International Investment Position	Jun-21	927,038	-26,582	9,646	-15,823	-244	894,035
Net International Investment Position	Sep-21	894,035	-15,226	13,158	-14,330	988	878,625
Net International Investment Position	Dec-21	878,625	-6,290	-70,423	9,165	-1,682	809,396

Net Foreign Equity	Jun-21	-246,189	-29,351	319	-22,241	-68	-297,530
Net Foreign Equity	Sep-21	-297,530	-19,821	15,565	-27,725	359	-329,153
Net Foreign Equity	Dec-21	-329,153	-30,327	-47,167	12,842	-1,655	-395,459

Net Foreign Debt	Jun-21	1,173,227	2,769	9,327	6,418	-176	1,191,565
Net Foreign Debt	Sep-21	1,191,565	4,596	-2,407	13,395	629	1,207,778
Net Foreign Debt	Dec-21	1,207,778	24,037	-23,256	-3,677	-27	1,204,855

Supplementary Information

Value adjustments

Goods credits data presented in this publication are based on information provided by exporters to the Department of Home Affairs (Home Affairs). At the time of initial reporting to Home Affairs, the final prices at which transactions take place are not known for some commodities. Final quantity and/or unit price information is updated progressively in international merchandise trade data as exporters revise the information provided to Home Affairs.

For commodities such as iron ore and coal, newly negotiated contract prices are not fully reflected in data first reported to Home Affairs. When additional information on quantity and/or unit price for these commodities is available, the ABS may adjust the data to reflect actual transaction values.

Iron ore adjustments are applied on an international merchandise trade basis at the Australian Harmonized Export Commodity Classification (AHECC) level. Coal, coke and briquettes are adjusted on a balance of payments basis in original current price terms. When actual final transaction prices become available estimates are replaced with these data.

In most instances, transfer of ownership occurs when goods cross the customs frontier. In certain circumstances the ownership of large value capital expenditure items can occur prior to the items crossing the customs frontier. The ABS may adjust the relevant balance of payments series to record the timing when transfer of ownership was affected.

Exports on an international merchandise trade basis

Iron ore (in original terms)

Adjustments have been applied to iron ore lumps in the September quarter (-$165m) and December quarter 2021 (+$30m).
Adjustments have been applied to iron ore fines in the June quarter (+$20m), September quarter (-$370m), and December quarter 2021 (+$55m).
When actual final transaction prices become available estimates are replaced with these data.

Goods credits on a balance of payments basis

Coal (in original terms)

Adjustments have been applied to coal, coke and briquettes in the balance of payments series for the September quarter (+$5m) and the December quarter (+$1,080m) 2021. All previous adjustments have been removed.

Capital expenditure (in original terms)

The balance of payments goods debits component capital goods n.e.s. includes an estimate of expenditure on capital goods that have changed ownership but have not yet crossed the customs frontier.

Other mineral fuels (in original terms)

Adjustments have been applied to other mineral fuels (+$950m) in the balance of payments series for the December quarter 2021.

Revisions

Economic conditions

Country	MSCI quarterly percentage change (a)(%)	AUD exchange rate quarterly percentage change (b)(%)
Australia	0.87	na
United States of America	9.71	0.69
United Kingdom	4.58	0.28
Europe	5.44	3.15
China	-6.24	-0.79
Japan	-1.02	3.62
Singapore	-4.42	-0.15
India	-0.28	0.67
New Zealand	-3.48	1.35

Data downloads

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Time series spreadsheets

Data files

Table 1. Balance of payments, summary: original - quarter
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Table 2. International investment position: by net foreign equity and net foreign debt - quarter
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Table 3. Foreign assets and liabilities: by equity and debt - quarter
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Table 4. Current account transactions: seasonally adjusted and trend estimates - quarter
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Table 5. Goods and services: chain volume measures and indexes - quarter
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Table 6. Goods credits
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Table 7. Goods debits
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Table 8. Services credits
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Table 9. Services debits
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Table 10. Income credits - quarter
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Table 11. Income debits - quarter
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Table 12. Capital account: original - quarter
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Table 13. Financial account - quarter
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Table 14. International investment: foreign assets - quarter
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Table 15. International investment: foreign liabilities - quarter
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Table 16. Foreign debt levels - quarter
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Table 17. Gross external debt liabilities: levels - quarter
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Table 18. Currency and residual maturity of foreign debt - quarter
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Table 19. Exchange rates - quarter
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Table 20. Foreign assets and liabilities by industry - quarter
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Table 21. Goods and services credit by state on a balance of payments basis - quarter
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Table 22. Goods and services debits by state on a balance of payments basis - quarter
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Table 23. Selected international accounts ratios: seasonally adjusted - quarter
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Table 24. Quarterly combined current price seasonal adjustment factors
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Table 25. Exports by SITC division on a balance of payments basis - quarter
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Table 26. Imports by broad economic category on a balance of payments basis - quarter
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Table 27. International investment: directional principle - quarter
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Table 28. Summary of revisions - quarter
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Table 29. International investment position: historical summary - quarter
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Table 30. Balance of payments, summary: original - financial year
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Table 31. Selected services, chain volume measures and implicit price deflators: original - quarter
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Previous catalogue number

This release previously used catalogue number 5302.0.

Methodology

Balance of Payments and International Investment Position, Australia methodology, December 2021

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APA

Balance of Payments and International Investment Position, Australia

APA

Key statistics

Main features

COVID-19 in this publication

Suspension of trend estimates

Seasonal adjustment and COVID-19

Changes in this issue

Revisions to seasonal estimates

Changes in forthcoming issues

Annual seasonal re-analysis

Current Account

Terms of trade

Relationship between IPD, EPI and IPI

Balance on goods and services

Exports of goods (credits)

Rural goods

Non-rural goods

Imports of goods (debits)

Consumption goods

Capital goods

Intermediate and other merchandise goods

Services

Income

Primary income credits

Primary income debits

Secondary income

Capital and Financial Account

International Investment Position

Supplementary Information

Value adjustments

Exports on an international merchandise trade basis

Goods credits on a balance of payments basis

Revisions

Summary of revisions since the last issue of this publication

Economic conditions

Data downloads

Time series spreadsheets

Table 1. Balance of payments, summary: original - quarter

Table 2. International investment position: by net foreign equity and net foreign debt - quarter

Table 3. Foreign assets and liabilities: by equity and debt - quarter

Table 4. Current account transactions: seasonally adjusted and trend estimates - quarter

Table 5. Goods and services: chain volume measures and indexes - quarter

Table 6. Goods credits

Table 7. Goods debits

Table 8. Services credits

Table 9. Services debits

Table 10. Income credits - quarter

Table 11. Income debits - quarter

Table 12. Capital account: original - quarter

Table 13. Financial account - quarter

Table 14. International investment: foreign assets - quarter

Table 15. International investment: foreign liabilities - quarter

Table 16. Foreign debt levels - quarter

Table 17. Gross external debt liabilities: levels - quarter

Table 18. Currency and residual maturity of foreign debt - quarter

Table 19. Exchange rates - quarter

Table 20. Foreign assets and liabilities by industry - quarter

Table 21. Goods and services credit by state on a balance of payments basis - quarter

Table 22. Goods and services debits by state on a balance of payments basis - quarter

Table 23. Selected international accounts ratios: seasonally adjusted - quarter

Table 24. Quarterly combined current price seasonal adjustment factors

Table 25. Exports by SITC division on a balance of payments basis - quarter

Table 26. Imports by broad economic category on a balance of payments basis - quarter

Table 27. International investment: directional principle - quarter

Table 28. Summary of revisions - quarter

Table 29. International investment position: historical summary - quarter

Table 30. Balance of payments, summary: original - financial year

Table 31. Selected services, chain volume measures and implicit price deflators: original - quarter

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Methodology

Media releases

Australia's current account surplus narrows

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