National, state and territory population

Latest release

Statistics about the population and components of change (births, deaths, migration) for Australia and its states and territories

Reference period

September 2024

Released

20/03/2025

Key statistics

Statistics in this release are commonly known as Estimated Resident Population (ERP).

Australia’s population was 27,309,396 people at 30 September 2024.
The quarterly growth was 115,027 people (0.4%).
The annual growth was 484,000 people (1.8%).
Annual natural increase was 104,200 and net overseas migration was 379,800.

National

Annual population change

In the year ending 30 September 2024, Australia's population grew by 484,000 people (1.8%).

Annual population growth rate(a)(b)
	Annual population change (%)
Sep-04	1.0900
Dec-04	1.1000
Mar-05	1.1700
Jun-05	1.2200
Sep-05	1.2800
Dec-05	1.3200
Mar-06	1.3500
Jun-06	1.3600
Sep-06	1.4700
Dec-06	1.5600
Mar-07	1.6900
Jun-07	1.8400
Sep-07	1.8600
Dec-07	1.8800
Mar-08	1.9600
Jun-08	2.0200
Sep-08	2.1100
Dec-08	2.1900
Mar-09	2.1400
Jun-09	2.0800
Sep-09	1.9800
Dec-09	1.8200
Mar-10	1.6800
Jun-10	1.5700
Sep-10	1.4500
Dec-10	1.4000
Mar-11	1.3900
Jun-11	1.4000
Sep-11	1.4900
Dec-11	1.5800
Mar-12	1.6700
Jun-12	1.7600
Sep-12	1.7900
Dec-12	1.8000
Mar-13	1.7800
Jun-13	1.7400
Sep-13	1.6900
Dec-13	1.6100
Mar-14	1.5800
Jun-14	1.5000
Sep-14	1.4800
Dec-14	1.4700
Mar-15	1.4500
Jun-15	1.4500
Sep-15	1.4500
Dec-15	1.4600
Mar-16	1.5100
Jun-16	1.5700
Sep-16	1.6500
Dec-16	1.6700
Mar-17	1.6900
Jun-17	1.6600
Sep-17	1.6200
Dec-17	1.5300
Mar-18	1.5100
Jun-18	1.5100
Sep-18	1.5300
Dec-18	1.5600
Mar-19	1.5400
Jun-19	1.4900
Sep-19	1.4800
Dec-19	1.4900
Mar-20	1.4400
Jun-20	1.2400
Sep-20	0.7700
Dec-20	0.4300
Mar-21	0.1000
Jun-21	0.1400
Sep-21	0.2800
Dec-21	0.5500
Mar-22	1.0000
Jun-22	1.2800
Sep-22	1.7800
Dec-22	2.1000
Mar-23	2.3100
Jun-23	2.4500
Sep-23	2.5400
Dec-23	2.4100
Mar-24	2.2700
Jun-24	2.0300
Sep-24	1.8000

Annual population growth rate(a)(b)

["","Annual population change"]

[["Sep-04","Dec-04","Mar-05","Jun-05","Sep-05","Dec-05","Mar-06","Jun-06","Sep-06","Dec-06","Mar-07","Jun-07","Sep-07","Dec-07","Mar-08","Jun-08","Sep-08","Dec-08","Mar-09","Jun-09","Sep-09","Dec-09","Mar-10","Jun-10","Sep-10","Dec-10","Mar-11","Jun-11","Sep-11","Dec-11","Mar-12","Jun-12","Sep-12","Dec-12","Mar-13","Jun-13","Sep-13","Dec-13","Mar-14","Jun-14","Sep-14","Dec-14","Mar-15","Jun-15","Sep-15","Dec-15","Mar-16","Jun-16","Sep-16","Dec-16","Mar-17","Jun-17","Sep-17","Dec-17","Mar-18","Jun-18","Sep-18","Dec-18","Mar-19","Jun-19","Sep-19","Dec-19","Mar-20","Jun-20","Sep-20","Dec-20","Mar-21","Jun-21","Sep-21","Dec-21","Mar-22","Jun-22","Sep-22","Dec-22","Mar-23","Jun-23","Sep-23","Dec-23","Mar-24","Jun-24","Sep-24"],[[1.0900000000000001],[1.1000000000000001],[1.1699999999999999],[1.22],[1.28],[1.3200000000000001],[1.3500000000000001],[1.3600000000000001],[1.47],[1.5600000000000001],[1.6899999999999999],[1.8400000000000001],[1.8600000000000001],[1.8799999999999999],[1.96],[2.02],[2.1099999999999999],[2.1899999999999999],[2.1400000000000001],[2.0800000000000001],[1.98],[1.8200000000000001],[1.6799999999999999],[1.5700000000000001],[1.45],[1.3999999999999999],[1.3899999999999999],[1.3999999999999999],[1.49],[1.5800000000000001],[1.6699999999999999],[1.76],[1.79],[1.8],[1.78],[1.74],[1.6899999999999999],[1.6100000000000001],[1.5800000000000001],[1.5],[1.48],[1.47],[1.45],[1.45],[1.45],[1.46],[1.51],[1.5700000000000001],[1.6499999999999999],[1.6699999999999999],[1.6899999999999999],[1.6599999999999999],[1.6200000000000001],[1.53],[1.51],[1.51],[1.53],[1.5600000000000001],[1.54],[1.49],[1.48],[1.49],[1.4399999999999999],[1.24],[0.77000000000000002],[0.42999999999999999],[0.10000000000000001],[0.14000000000000001],[0.28000000000000003],[0.55000000000000004],[1],[1.28],[1.78],[2.1000000000000001],[2.3100000000000001],[2.4500000000000002],[2.54],[2.4100000000000001],[2.27],[2.0299999999999998],[1.8]]]

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Annual growth calculated at the end of each quarter.
All data after 30 June 2021 are subject to revision.

Australia's population growth is comprised of natural increase (births minus deaths) and net overseas migration (migration arrivals minus migration departures).

Components of quarterly population change

In the September 2024 quarter, natural increase:

was 25,200 people
decreased by 800 (3.1%) people since the previous quarter

In the September 2024 quarter, net overseas migration:

was 89,800 people
increased by 30,300 people since the previous quarter

Components of quarterly population change
	Total growth	Natural increase	Net overseas migration
Sep-20	-15,907	31,234	-42,551
Dec-20	-2,643	31,204	-29,271
Mar-21	22,307	41,105	-14,190
Jun-21	32,407	35,936	1,082
Sep-21	18,598	32,361	-13,763
Dec-21	67,347	33,610	33,737
Mar-22	138,493	31,658	106,835
Jun-22	104,549	27,768	76,781
Sep-22	147,770	22,875	124,895
Dec-22	150,971	26,332	124,639
Mar-23	194,017	28,517	165,500
Jun-23	145,620	25,136	120,484
Sep-23	172,610	27,435	145,175
Dec-23	122,445	22,096	100,349
Mar-24	160,982	30,833	130,149
Jun-24	85,555	26,030	59,525
Sep-24	115,027	25,221	89,806

Components of quarterly population change

["","Total growth","Natural increase","Net overseas migration"]

[["Sep-20","Dec-20","Mar-21","Jun-21","Sep-21","Dec-21","Mar-22","Jun-22","Sep-22","Dec-22","Mar-23","Jun-23","Sep-23","Dec-23","Mar-24","Jun-24","Sep-24"],[[-15907],[-2643],[22307],[32407],[18598],[67347],[138493],[104549],[147770],[150971],[194017],[145620],[172610],[122445],[160982],[85555],[115027]],[[31234],[31204],[41105],[35936],[32361],[33610],[31658],[27768],[22875],[26332],[28517],[25136],[27435],[22096],[30833],[26030],[25221]],[[-42551],[-29271],[-14190],[1082],[-13763],[33737],[106835],[76781],[124895],[124639],[165500],[120484],[145175],[100349],[130149],[59525],[89806]]]

[]

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Components of annual population change

In the year ending 30 September 2024, natural increase:

was 104,200 people
decreased by 3,200 (3.0%) people since the previous year

In the year ending 30 September 2024, net overseas migration:

was 379,800 people
decreased by 176,000 (31.7%) people since the previous year

Components of annual population change(a)
	Total growth	Natural increase	Net overseas migration
Sep-04	216,248	119,865	103,135
Dec-04	218,848	119,133	106,425
Mar-05	232,448	121,098	118,020
Jun-05	244,122	126,994	123,763
Sep-05	255,050	130,362	130,819
Dec-05	265,540	134,156	137,009
Mar-06	271,579	133,543	143,153
Jun-06	274,122	131,973	146,753
Sep-06	297,555	136,595	166,253
Dec-06	316,004	139,793	182,196
Mar-07	344,685	146,327	205,033
Jun-07	376,656	151,225	232,796
Sep-07	381,878	151,295	238,660
Dec-07	388,574	153,327	244,030
Mar-08	406,111	154,155	261,444
Jun-08	421,577	154,432	277,338
Sep-08	441,889	154,320	298,648
Dec-08	459,504	155,794	315,687
Mar-09	452,748	154,693	310,921
Jun-09	442,454	156,343	299,866
Sep-09	422,039	158,728	278,259
Dec-09	389,998	159,237	246,900
Mar-10	362,421	161,691	218,063
Jun-10	340,097	162,566	196,058
Sep-10	316,314	161,846	175,318
Dec-10	306,846	157,978	172,038
Mar-11	304,661	157,003	173,149
Jun-11	308,274	155,714	180,372
Sep-11	328,369	154,518	194,040
Dec-11	349,728	156,050	206,240
Mar-12	372,185	157,854	219,276
Jun-12	393,441	158,822	231,947
Sep-12	401,151	158,708	239,848
Dec-12	405,826	163,064	240,248
Mar-13	402,061	162,153	237,462
Jun-13	394,664	161,958	230,329
Sep-13	386,309	162,611	221,214
Dec-13	369,754	158,791	208,379
Mar-14	363,189	158,305	202,191
Jun-14	347,557	156,976	187,778
Sep-14	342,670	155,718	183,735
Dec-14	342,554	156,565	182,345
Mar-15	339,436	154,285	181,080
Jun-15	340,309	151,779	184,033
Sep-15	341,370	150,622	184,227
Dec-15	344,250	148,985	186,730
Mar-16	357,796	151,267	195,976
Jun-16	374,912	154,351	206,233
Sep-16	393,259	154,883	229,509
Dec-16	400,483	153,212	243,829
Mar-17	407,984	150,436	259,585
Jun-17	401,681	147,602	263,351
Sep-17	392,541	142,603	259,426
Dec-17	373,954	142,005	241,661
Mar-18	370,342	142,279	237,997
Jun-18	370,670	142,604	238,224
Sep-18	377,328	145,498	242,320
Dec-18	387,122	145,721	252,220
Mar-19	383,181	143,667	250,669
Jun-19	371,568	141,719	241,338
Sep-19	370,674	140,531	242,035
Dec-19	374,328	139,003	247,620
Mar-20	362,992	136,444	239,245
Jun-20	314,422	134,819	192,703
Sep-20	195,268	134,057	75,627
Dec-20	110,230	130,926	-4,957
Mar-21	25,081	136,468	-94,326
Jun-21	36,164	139,479	-84,930
Sep-21	70,669	140,606	-56,142
Dec-21	140,659	143,012	6,866
Mar-22	256,845	133,565	127,891
Jun-22	328,987	125,397	203,590
Sep-22	458,159	115,911	342,248
Dec-22	541,783	108,633	433,150
Mar-23	597,307	105,492	491,815
Jun-23	638,378	102,860	535,518
Sep-23	663,218	107,420	555,798
Dec-23	634,692	103,184	531,508
Mar-24	601,657	105,500	496,157
Jun-24	541,592	106,394	435,198
Sep-24	484,009	104,180	379,829

Components of annual population change(a)

["","Total growth","Natural increase","Net overseas migration"]

[["Sep-04","Dec-04","Mar-05","Jun-05","Sep-05","Dec-05","Mar-06","Jun-06","Sep-06","Dec-06","Mar-07","Jun-07","Sep-07","Dec-07","Mar-08","Jun-08","Sep-08","Dec-08","Mar-09","Jun-09","Sep-09","Dec-09","Mar-10","Jun-10","Sep-10","Dec-10","Mar-11","Jun-11","Sep-11","Dec-11","Mar-12","Jun-12","Sep-12","Dec-12","Mar-13","Jun-13","Sep-13","Dec-13","Mar-14","Jun-14","Sep-14","Dec-14","Mar-15","Jun-15","Sep-15","Dec-15","Mar-16","Jun-16","Sep-16","Dec-16","Mar-17","Jun-17","Sep-17","Dec-17","Mar-18","Jun-18","Sep-18","Dec-18","Mar-19","Jun-19","Sep-19","Dec-19","Mar-20","Jun-20","Sep-20","Dec-20","Mar-21","Jun-21","Sep-21","Dec-21","Mar-22","Jun-22","Sep-22","Dec-22","Mar-23","Jun-23","Sep-23","Dec-23","Mar-24","Jun-24","Sep-24"],[[216248],[218848],[232448],[244122],[255050],[265540],[271579],[274122],[297555],[316004],[344685],[376656],[381878],[388574],[406111],[421577],[441889],[459504],[452748],[442454],[422039],[389998],[362421],[340097],[316314],[306846],[304661],[308274],[328369],[349728],[372185],[393441],[401151],[405826],[402061],[394664],[386309],[369754],[363189],[347557],[342670],[342554],[339436],[340309],[341370],[344250],[357796],[374912],[393259],[400483],[407984],[401681],[392541],[373954],[370342],[370670],[377328],[387122],[383181],[371568],[370674],[374328],[362992],[314422],[195268],[110230],[25081],[36164],[70669],[140659],[256845],[328987],[458159],[541783],[597307],[638378],[663218],[634692],[601657],[541592],[484009]],[[119865],[119133],[121098],[126994],[130362],[134156],[133543],[131973],[136595],[139793],[146327],[151225],[151295],[153327],[154155],[154432],[154320],[155794],[154693],[156343],[158728],[159237],[161691],[162566],[161846],[157978],[157003],[155714],[154518],[156050],[157854],[158822],[158708],[163064],[162153],[161958],[162611],[158791],[158305],[156976],[155718],[156565],[154285],[151779],[150622],[148985],[151267],[154351],[154883],[153212],[150436],[147602],[142603],[142005],[142279],[142604],[145498],[145721],[143667],[141719],[140531],[139003],[136444],[134819],[134057],[130926],[136468],[139479],[140606],[143012],[133565],[125397],[115911],[108633],[105492],[102860],[107420],[103184],[105500],[106394],[104180]],[[103135],[106425],[118020],[123763],[130819],[137009],[143153],[146753],[166253],[182196],[205033],[232796],[238660],[244030],[261444],[277338],[298648],[315687],[310921],[299866],[278259],[246900],[218063],[196058],[175318],[172038],[173149],[180372],[194040],[206240],[219276],[231947],[239848],[240248],[237462],[230329],[221214],[208379],[202191],[187778],[183735],[182345],[181080],[184033],[184227],[186730],[195976],[206233],[229509],[243829],[259585],[263351],[259426],[241661],[237997],[238224],[242320],[252220],[250669],[241338],[242035],[247620],[239245],[192703],[75627],[-4957],[-94326],[-84930],[-56142],[6866],[127891],[203590],[342248],[433150],[491815],[535518],[555798],[531508],[496157],[435198],[379829]]]

[]

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Annual components calculated at the end of each quarter.

Births and deaths

Overseas migration arrivals and departures

A summary of Net Overseas Migration (NOM), the key data sources, concepts and revision process of preliminary and final estimates as well as an explanation of why NOM may take some time to fully reflect changes in migration patterns can be found in this article: Measuring Net Overseas Migration in Australia.

States and territories

Annual population change

All states and territories had positive population growth over the year ending 30 September 2024.
Western Australia had the fastest growth rate (2.5%).
Tasmania had the slowest rate (0.3%).

Annual population change at 30 September 2024
	Population at 30 September 2024 ('000)	Change over previous year ('000)	Change over previous year (%)
New South Wales	8511.2	120.8	1.4
Victoria	7013.0	146.7	2.1
Queensland	5608.7	111.9	2.0
South Australia	1882.7	21.5	1.2
Western Australia	2981.8	72.6	2.5
Tasmania	576.0	1.9	0.3
Northern Territory	255.6	1.7	0.7
Australian Capital Territory	475.6	6.9	1.5
Australia (a)	27309.4	484.0	1.8

a. Includes Other Territories comprising Jervis Bay Territory, Christmas Island, the Cocos (Keeling) Islands and Norfolk Island.

State and territory population change is comprised of natural increase, net overseas migration, and net interstate migration (interstate arrivals minus interstate departures).

Components of annual population change

For the year ending 30 September 2024:

net overseas migration was the major contributor to change in most states, New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia, Tasmania and the Australian Capital Territory.
net interstate migration was the major contributor to change in the Northern Territory.

Components of annual population growth
	Natural increase	Net interstate migration	Net overseas migration
NSW	30,227	-29,505	120,073
Vic.	33,426	882	112,376
Qld	19,737	28,201	64,000
SA	2,763	-1,554	20,315
WA	12,878	8,974	50,760
Tas.	194	-1,965	3,665
NT	2,171	-3,707	3,256
ACT	2,807	-1,326	5,370

Components of annual population growth

["","Natural increase","Net interstate migration","Net overseas migration"]

[["NSW","Vic.","Qld","SA","WA","Tas.","NT","ACT"],[[30227],[33426],[19737],[2763],[12878],[194],[2171],[2807]],[[-29505],[882],[28201],[-1554],[8974],[-1965],[-3707],[-1326]],[[120073],[112376],[64000],[20315],[50760],[3665],[3256],[5370]]]

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Natural increase by state and territory - annual
	NSW	Vic	Qld	SA	WA	Tas	NT	ACT
Births	89,493	79,550	58,827	18,542	30,518	5,564	3,474	5,207
Deaths	59,266	46,124	39,090	15,779	17,640	5,370	1,303	2,400
Natural increase	30,227	33,426	19,737	2,763	12,878	194	2,171	2,807

Net overseas migration by state and territory - annual
	NSW	Vic	Qld	SA	WA	Tas	NT	ACT
Overseas arrivals	202,781	176,724	109,712	30,161	76,373	6,026	5,150	10,953
Overseas departures	82,708	64,348	45,712	9,846	25,613	2,361	1,894	5,583
Net overseas migration	120,073	112,376	64,000	20,315	50,760	3,665	3,256	5,370

Net interstate migration by state and territory - annual
	NSW	Vic	Qld	SA	WA	Tas	NT	ACT
Interstate arrivals	81,410	74,095	104,491	23,238	35,358	12,727	13,101	19,666
Interstate departures	110,915	73,213	76,290	24,792	26,384	14,692	16,808	20,992
Net interstate migration	-29,505	882	28,201	-1,554	8,974	-1,965	-3,707	-1,326

Quarterly internal migration, capital city - rest of state

Data downloads

Time series spreadsheets

Population and components of change - national

Quarterly population and components of change, national, from June 1981 onwards

Data files

Download xlsx [69.04 KB]

Components of population change - states and territories

Quarterly components of change, by state and territory, from June 1981 onwards

Data files

Download xlsx [90.64 KB]

Population - states and territories

Quarterly population by sex, by state and territory, from June 1981 onwards

Data files

Download xlsx [87.73 KB]

Interstate migration arrivals

Quarterly interstate migration arrivals, from June 1981 onwards

Data files

Download xlsx [59.2 KB]

Interstate migration departures

Quarterly interstate migration departures, from June 1981 onwards

Data files

Download xlsx [59.19 KB]

Population - New South Wales

Population at 30 June, by sex and single year of age, NSW, from 1971 onwards

Data files

Download xlsx [190.25 KB]

Population - Victoria

Population at 30 June, by sex and single year of age, Vic., from 1971 onwards

Data files

Download xlsx [189.66 KB]

Population - Queensland

Population at 30 June, by sex and single year of age, Qld, from 1971 onwards

Data files

Download xlsx [186.86 KB]

Population - South Australia

Population at 30 June, by sex and single year of age, SA, from 1971 onwards

Data files

Download xlsx [183.49 KB]

Population - Western Australia

Population at 30 June, by sex and single year of age, WA, from 1971 onwards

Data files

Download xlsx [183.89 KB]

Population - Tasmania

Population at 30 June, by sex and single year of age, Tas., from 1971 onwards

Data files

Download xlsx [177.47 KB]

Population - Northern Territory

Population at 30 June, by sex and single year of age, NT, from 1971 onwards

Data files

Download xlsx [169.91 KB]

Population - Australian Capital Territory

Population at 30 June, by sex and single year of age, ACT, from 1971 onwards

Data files

Download xlsx [174.12 KB]

Population - Australia

Population at 30 June, by sex and single year of age, Aust., from 1971 onwards

Data files

Download xlsx [195.04 KB]

All time series spreadsheets

Data files

Download zip [1.74 MB]

Data cubes

National, state and territory population tables

Various tables of population, components of change and rates, by state and territory.

Data files

Download xlsx [162.09 KB]

Population by age and sex - national

Summary statistics of Australia's population by age and sex

Data files

Download xlsx [147.8 KB]

Standard population

Standard population used in age-standardised rates

Data files

Download xlsx [37.67 KB]

Regional internal migration estimates, provisional

Data files

Download xlsx [99.8 KB]

All data cubes

Data files

Download zip [388.04 KB]

Data Explorer datasets

Quarterly Population Estimates (ERP), by State/Territory, Sex and Age
Population and components of change - national, states and territories
Interstate Migration by States and Territories of Arrival and Departure by Sex
Interstate migration: Arrivals, departures and net, State/territory, Age and sex - Financial years, 1996-97 onwards
Interstate migration: Arrivals, departures and net, State/territory, Age and sex - Calendar years, 1997 onwards
Population Clock Component Data

For information on Data Explorer and how it works, see the Data Explorer user guide

Caution: Data in Data Explorer is currently released after the 11:30am release on the ABS website. Please check the reference period when using Data Explorer.

Notes

COVID-19

Statistics in this release are impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. With border restrictions in place NOM fell to low levels including negative net migration. The removal of most border restrictions from February 2022 enabled overseas travel again and saw a recovery in NOM levels from 2022 onwards.

To ensure the ongoing production of fit-for-purpose official population estimates through the COVID-19 pandemic, the ABS has been assessing the likely impact of changed traveller behaviour on preliminary overseas migration estimates, a component of ERP. The ABS has introduced more frequent revisions to overseas migration to ensure the suite of demographic statistics continue to be of high quality and reflect the most timely data available. Preliminary overseas migration estimates will be revised every quarter over four quarters, instead of once after four quarters, until it becomes final. These more frequent revisions will ensure the most timely and accurate data flows through to ERP.

For further information see the Improvements to estimation of net overseas migration.

Rebasing of Australia's population estimates using the 2021 Census

Methodology used in final rebased population estimates, June 2021

2021 Census update of the Net Interstate Migration model

Previous catalogue number

This release previously used catalogue number 3101.0

Methodology

National, state and territory population methodology, September 2024

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APA

National, state and territory population

APA

Key statistics

National

Annual population change

Components of quarterly population change

Components of annual population change

Births and deaths

Births

Deaths

Overseas migration arrivals and departures

Overseas migration arrivals

Overseas migration departures

States and territories

Annual population change

Components of annual population change

Quarterly internal migration, capital city - rest of state

Data downloads

Time series spreadsheets

Population and components of change - national

Components of population change - states and territories

Population - states and territories

Interstate migration arrivals

Interstate migration departures

Population - New South Wales

Population - Victoria

Population - Queensland

Population - South Australia

Population - Western Australia

Population - Tasmania

Population - Northern Territory

Population - Australian Capital Territory

Population - Australia

All time series spreadsheets

Data cubes

National, state and territory population tables

Population by age and sex - national

Standard population

Regional internal migration estimates, provisional

All data cubes

Data Explorer datasets

Notes

COVID-19

Rebasing of Australia's population estimates using the 2021 Census

2021 Census update of the Net Interstate Migration model

Previous catalogue number

Methodology

Media releases

Australia's population grows by 1.8 per cent

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Microdata and TableBuilder