Population

• The Census net undercount was 0.7% (190,044 persons).
• The Northern Territory recorded the highest net undercount (6.0%) while the Australian Capital Territory recorded a net overcount (-0.6%).
• Males were more likely to be missed in the Census (1.3% net undercount) compared with females (0.2%).
• The net undercount for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people was 17.4%.

• The Administrative data snapshot identified 25,744,797 residents of Australia on 30 June 2021.
• People aged 25 to 34 were least likely to have lived at the same address five years ago (27.6%).
• Three-quarters (76%) of people who earned $250 to $499 per week had their main source of income as Government benefits and allowances.

• At 30 June 2023, Australia’s population included 8.2 million people who were born overseas
• The proportion of Australia's population born outside Australia was 30.7% 
• England, India, China and New Zealand were the countries of birth with the largest populations
• Those born in India recorded the largest increase since 2013

• There were 286,998 registered births in 2023, a decrease of 4.6% from 2022.
• For all Australian women, the total fertility rate was 1.50 births per woman.
• For Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander women, the total fertility rate was 2.17 births per woman.

This product contains the digital boundaries for the Destination Zones (DZNs) used in the 2016 Census of Population and Housing

• There were 183,131 registered deaths in 2023, a decrease of 7,808 since 2022.
• The standardised death rate decreased to 5.1 deaths, from 5.5 in 2022.
• Infant deaths decreased by 47 deaths to 911.

• Australia's population has increased from 3.8 million in 1901 to 25.7 million in 2021.
• The urban population has increased from 58% of the total population in 1911 to 90% in 2021.
• Fertility has decreased from 3.1 births per woman in 1921 to 1.7 in 2021.
• Life expectancy at birth has increased by 26 years since the early 1900s.

• The number of households is projected to increase from 10.0 million in 2021 to between 13.3 and 13.9 million in 2046.
• The number of families is projected to increase from 7.2 million to between 9.5 and 9.7 million. 
• Living with a partner is projected to remain the most common living arrangement. 

• Life expectancy at birth was 81.1 years for males and 85.1 years for females in 2021-2023, a slight decrease of 0.1 years for males and 0.2 years for females from the previous year (2020-2022).
• Life expectancy was highest in the Australian Capital Territory for males (81.7 years) and the Australian Capital Territory and Western Australia for females (both 85.7 years).
• Life expectancy was lowest in the Northern Territory for both males (76.4 years) and females (80.4 years).

For the year ending 30 June 2020:

• There were over 7.6 million migrants living in Australia
• 29.8% of Australia's population were born overseas
• Australia's population increased by 194,400 people due to net overseas migration
• 368,700 people moved interstate, a decrease of 8.7% from the previous year.

Statistics in this release are commonly known as Estimated Resident Population (ERP).

• Australia’s population was 27,122,411 people at 31 March 2024.
• The quarterly growth was 164,600 people (0.6%).
• The annual growth was 615,300 people (2.3%).
• Annual natural increase was 105,500 and net overseas migration was 509,800.

• Overseas migration 2022-23 – net annual gain of 518,000 people
• Migrant arrivals increased 73% to 737,000 from 427,000 arrivals a year ago
• Largest group of migrant arrivals was temporary visa holders with 554,000 people
• Migrant departures decreased 2% to 219,000 from 223,000 departures a year ago.

• Australia's population in 2022 (26 million) is projected to reach between 34.3 and 45.9 million people by 2071.
• The current ten year average annual growth rate (1.4%) is projected to decline to between 0.2% and 0.9%.
• The median age (38.5 years) is projected to increase to between 43.8 and 47.6 years.

• The 2021 Census counted 25,422,788 people in Australia (excludes overseas visitors), an increase of 8.6 per cent since the 2016 Census.
• 49.3 per cent of the population were male with a median age of 37 years old.
• 50.7 per cent of the population were female with the median age of 39 years old.

• 104,100 people moved interstate in the three months to the end of March 2021.
• 16,400 more people moved interstate compared with the March 2020 quarter.
• Capital cities had a net loss of 11,800 people from internal migration, the largest quarterly net loss on record.

• The median age for capital cities (37.0 years) was younger than the rest of Australia (41.9).
• The youngest capital was Darwin with a median age of 34.6 years, while Adelaide was the oldest (39.2).
• Darwin was the only capital with more males than females.

• The capitals grew by 517,200 people (3.0%) in 2022-23.
• Capital city growth comprised overseas migration (454,900), natural increase (89,200) and internal migration (-26,900).
• Melbourne had the largest increase (167,500), Perth had the highest growth rate (3.6%). 
• Regional Australia grew by 117,300 (1.4%).