Labour Force, Australia, November 2021

	Oct-2021	Nov-2021	Monthly change	Monthly change (%)	Yearly change	Yearly change (%)
Seasonally adjusted
Employed people	12,811,100	13,177,300	366,100	2.9%	348,500	2.7%
Unemployed people	706,000	636,700	-69,400	-9.8%	-304,200	-32.3%
Unemployment rate	5.2%	4.6%	-0.6 pts	na	-2.2 pts	na
Underemployment rate	9.5%	7.5%	-2.0 pts	na	-1.9 pts	na
Participation rate	64.6%	66.1%	1.4 pts	na	0.0 pts	na
Monthly hours worked in all jobs	1,724 million	1,801 million	77 million	4.5%	47 million	2.7%

Estimates of changes throughout this release are calculated using un-rounded level estimates and may be different from, but are more accurate than, movements obtained from the rounded level estimates.

Survey impacts and changes

Hours worked - insights and additional data

The ABS is continuing to publish insights into hours worked each month. Given the extent of changes around lockdowns, the ABS has also included data cubes EM2a and EM2b in today’s release. These data cubes are usually only released in Labour Force, Australia, Detailed, but will also be released in the headline release over the coming months, to enable more detailed analysis of changes in hours worked and the reasons that people are working reduced or no hours.

Quarterly rebenchmarking of labour force statistics

Unemployment and job loss in Australia during the COVID-19 period

Understanding how COVID-19 support is reflected in Labour Force statistics

Over the course of the pandemic there has been a range of support provided by governments to people and businesses. These support programs have changed over time, which is important to consider when assessing changes in Labour Force statistics through the COVID period, including the extent to which people have lost their jobs or have reduced (or no) hours of work but remain employed.

The current main government support payments are paid directly to people (including the COVID-19 Disaster Relief Payment and JobSeeker Payment) or directly to businesses (including the JobSaver Payment, which, unlike the JobKeeper wage subsidy, is not paid to businesses with an explicit payroll connection to specific employees).

The ABS continues to categorise people as ‘employed’ or ‘not employed’ in the survey using the long-standing concepts and practices used in Labour Force statistics, and are not impacted or determined by whether a person or employing business is eligible or in receipt of government support.

The Labour Force Survey questionnaire, which has not changed during the COVID period, starts with two key questions that identify whether the respondents were employed:

Did you do any work at all in a job, business or farm last week?
Did you have a job, business or farm that you were away from because of holidays, sickness or any other reasons?

Anyone who indicates that they DID paid work will be considered ‘employed’.

If they DIDN’T do any paid work (paid by their employer or business), the second question will then ascertain whether they still had a job but didn’t do any work because they were temporarily away from work.

Anyone who indicates that they DIDN’T have a job (that they were absent from) will be categorised as ‘not employed’ and either ‘unemployed’ or ‘not in the labour force’, depending on their responses to other questions. People can be ‘unemployed’ or ‘not in the labour force’ while receiving the COVID-19 Disaster Payment or the JobSeeker Payment. To be categorised as ‘unemployed’ people must have not worked, be looking for work and available to start work.

Whereas, anyone who indicates that they DID have a job (that they were absent from) will be considered ‘employed’ if they were away from work for less than 4 weeks, or paid by their employer for any part of the last four weeks. These are key factors in determining whether someone is employed, particularly during lockdown periods.

Over the pandemic, falls in employment during lockdown periods have tended to increase as lockdowns have extended beyond 4 weeks. At that point, people who were temporarily absent from work and not paid by their employer for any part of the last four weeks are no longer considered to be ‘employed’ and will instead be either ‘unemployed’ or ‘not in the labour force’, depending on their responses to other questions. This is regardless of whether they still have an attachment to their job. It is also important to note that during lockdowns many people leaving employment will also leave the labour force entirely, given the challenges in actively look for work and being available for work.

A spotlight on changes in job attachment during the pandemic is included in this release.

Seasonal adjustment and trend estimates

Survey response and timeline

Reference and Enumeration Dates
Publication	Start of Reference Week	End of Reference Week	Start of Emuneration	End of Enumeration
October 2021	26th September 2021	9th October 2021	3th October 2021	23th October 2021
November 2021	31st October 2021	13th November 2021	7th November 2021	27th November 2021
December 2021	28th November 2021	11th December 2021	5th December 2021	23rd December 2021
January 2022	2nd January 2022	15th January 2022	9th January 2022	29th January 2022
February 2022	30th January 2022	12th February 2022	6th February 2022	26th February 2022
March 2022	27th February 2022	12th March 2022	6th March 2022	26th March 2022

Articles and other information

This months Labour Force release includes:

For a list of previously published LFS articles, see the Article archive.

Additional spreadsheets and pivot tables are published in Labour Force, Australia, Detailed one week after this release, while longitudinal labour force microdata are released in the ABS DataLab, on the 23 December 2021 (see Microdata: Longitudinal Labour Force, Australia).

Unemployment

In seasonally adjusted terms, in November 2021:

The unemployment rate decreased by 0.6 pts to 4.6%
The unemployment rate was 0.7 pts below March 2020
Unemployed people decreased by 69,400 to 636,700
Unemployed people was 86,600 lower than March 2020
The youth unemployment rate decreased by 2.2 pts to 10.9%
The youth unemployment rate was 0.6 pts lower than March 2020

Unemployment rate, Seasonally adjusted
	People (%)
Nov-11	5.2
Dec-11	5.2
Jan-12	5.0
Feb-12	5.2
Mar-12	5.2
Apr-12	5.0
May-12	5.2
Jun-12	5.2
Jul-12	5.2
Aug-12	5.2
Sep-12	5.5
Oct-12	5.4
Nov-12	5.3
Dec-12	5.4
Jan-13	5.4
Feb-13	5.4
Mar-13	5.6
Apr-13	5.6
May-13	5.6
Jun-13	5.7
Jul-13	5.6
Aug-13	5.8
Sep-13	5.7
Oct-13	5.8
Nov-13	5.8
Dec-13	5.9
Jan-14	5.9
Feb-14	5.9
Mar-14	5.9
Apr-14	5.8
May-14	5.9
Jun-14	6.0
Jul-14	6.2
Aug-14	6.1
Sep-14	6.2
Oct-14	6.4
Nov-14	6.3
Dec-14	6.1
Jan-15	6.4
Feb-15	6.2
Mar-15	6.1
Apr-15	6.1
May-15	5.9
Jun-15	6.0
Jul-15	6.3
Aug-15	6.1
Sep-15	6.1
Oct-15	5.9
Nov-15	5.9
Dec-15	5.7
Jan-16	6.0
Feb-16	5.7
Mar-16	5.7
Apr-16	5.7
May-16	5.7
Jun-16	5.7
Jul-16	5.7
Aug-16	5.6
Sep-16	5.6
Oct-16	5.6
Nov-16	5.8
Dec-16	5.8
Jan-17	5.7
Feb-17	5.9
Mar-17	5.9
Apr-17	5.6
May-17	5.5
Jun-17	5.6
Jul-17	5.6
Aug-17	5.5
Sep-17	5.4
Oct-17	5.4
Nov-17	5.4
Dec-17	5.6
Jan-18	5.5
Feb-18	5.6
Mar-18	5.6
Apr-18	5.6
May-18	5.4
Jun-18	5.3
Jul-18	5.3
Aug-18	5.2
Sep-18	5.0
Oct-18	5.0
Nov-18	5.1
Dec-18	5.0
Jan-19	5.1
Feb-19	5.0
Mar-19	5.1
Apr-19	5.2
May-19	5.2
Jun-19	5.2
Jul-19	5.2
Aug-19	5.2
Sep-19	5.2
Oct-19	5.3
Nov-19	5.2
Dec-19	5.0
Jan-20	5.3
Feb-20	5.1
Mar-20	5.3
Apr-20	6.4
May-20	7.0
Jun-20	7.4
Jul-20	7.4
Aug-20	6.8
Sep-20	6.9
Oct-20	6.9
Nov-20	6.8
Dec-20	6.6
Jan-21	6.4
Feb-21	5.9
Mar-21	5.7
Apr-21	5.5
May-21	5.1
Jun-21	4.9
Jul-21	4.6
Aug-21	4.5
Sep-21	4.6
Oct-21	5.2
Nov-21	4.6

Unemployment rate, Seasonally adjusted

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Employment

In seasonally adjusted terms, in November 2021:

Employment increased by 366,100 people (2.9%) to 13,177,300 people
Employment was 181,800 people (1.4%) higher than March 2020

Flows into and out of employment

Flows into and out of employment are extensive and are based on the net matched sample of original employment growth between two consecutive months (around 80% of the sample). The (net) sum of the inflows and outflows does not necessarily equal the 'net' employment growth.

For November 2021 the net change in the number of employed people is the result of around 835,000 people entered employment (i.e. they were not employed in October but were employed in November), while around 400,000 people left employment (i.e. they were employed in October but were not employed in November). This contrasts with October 2021 where around 540,000 people entered employment and around 540,000 people left employment.

Monthly inflows, outflows and employment growth, Original
	Employed people growth ('000)	Inflow ('000)	Outflow ('000)
Nov-16	65	467	-399
Dec-16	95	454	-406
Jan-17	-263	387	-686
Feb-17	217	638	-383
Mar-17	18	492	-397
Apr-17	68	490	-439
May-17	67	405	-357
Jun-17	-2	398	-433
Jul-17	6	425	-418
Aug-17	-16	429	-435
Sep-17	88	461	-380
Oct-17	17	402	-402
Nov-17	103	442	-352
Dec-17	114	414	-390
Jan-18	-263	360	-652
Feb-18	223	649	-382
Mar-18	-33	409	-426
Apr-18	31	398	-395
May-18	47	431	-401
Jun-18	36	407	-403
Jul-18	-33	430	-440
Aug-18	-28	419	-415
Sep-18	68	476	-405
Oct-18	39	422	-435
Nov-18	87	439	-375
Dec-18	98	442	-403
Jan-19	-236	428	-680
Feb-19	199	611	-361
Mar-19	-17	410	-432
Apr-19	46	445	-396
May-19	89	413	-377
Jun-19	-31	382	-455
Jul-19	-2	431	-467
Aug-19	-29	469	-436
Sep-19	68	431	-363
Oct-19	-26	381	-445
Nov-19	95	449	-397
Dec-19	102	443	-411
Jan-20	-266	415	-709
Feb-20	221	644	-397
Mar-20	-48	435	-464
Apr-20	-592	356	-952
May-20	-220	585	-783
Jun-20	200	610	-422
Jul-20	79	559	-437
Aug-20	91	523	-495
Sep-20	5	488	-437
Oct-20	168	548	-411
Nov-20	146	525	-356
Dec-20	114	502	-391
Jan-21	-261	421	-664
Feb-21	301	676	-355
Mar-21	27	474	-415
Apr-21	-27	498	-480
May-21	168	509	-371
Jun-21	-19	421	-460
Jul-21	-26	499	-545
Aug-21	-211	459	-646
Sep-21	-99	520	-634
Oct-21	-48	537	-539
Nov-21	430	835	-401

Monthly inflows, outflows and employment growth, Original

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Note: As the inflows and outflows analysis is based on the matched sample (around 80% of the sample), and the original employment growth is based on the entire sample and the latest months weight, the (net) sum of the inflows and outflows does not necessarily equal the 'net' employment growth.

The following diagram shows the proportion of people moving between employment, unemployment and not in the labour force between October and November (based on the matched sample). It shows that:

97% of people employed in October were also employed in November (with 1% moving to unemployment and 2% to not in the labour force)
43% of people unemployed in October were also unemployed in November (with 40% moving to employment and 18% to not in the labour force)
90% of people not in the labour force in October were also not in the labour force in November (with 8% moving to employment and 3% to unemployment)

Flows in labour force status, October to November

Image

Description

This diagram shows the proportion of people moving between employment, unemployment and not in the labour force between October and November (based on the matched sample). It shows that: - 97% of people employed in October were also employed in November (with 1% moving to unemployment and 2% to not in the labour force) - 43% of people unemployed in October were also unemployed in November (with 40% moving to employment and 18% to not in the labour force) - 90% of people not in the labour force in October were also not in the labour force in November (with 8% moving to employment and 3% to unemployment)

Employed people, Seasonally adjusted
	Employed people ('000)
Nov-11	11,252.0
Dec-11	11,230.4
Jan-12	11,303.0
Feb-12	11,269.2
Mar-12	11,332.1
Apr-12	11,320.6
May-12	11,364.8
Jun-12	11,340.7
Jul-12	11,348.9
Aug-12	11,361.5
Sep-12	11,392.0
Oct-12	11,391.2
Nov-12	11,384.2
Dec-12	11,394.6
Jan-13	11,460.8
Feb-13	11,464.6
Mar-13	11,433.2
Apr-13	11,465.8
May-13	11,459.0
Jun-13	11,473.5
Jul-13	11,458.2
Aug-13	11,461.2
Sep-13	11,477.3
Oct-13	11,470.8
Nov-13	11,447.6
Dec-13	11,416.2
Jan-14	11,451.7
Feb-14	11,474.2
Mar-14	11,529.7
Apr-14	11,536.2
May-14	11,515.3
Jun-14	11,533.6
Jul-14	11,548.3
Aug-14	11,550.6
Sep-14	11,549.5
Oct-14	11,542.5
Nov-14	11,544.0
Dec-14	11,594.7
Jan-15	11,603.6
Feb-15	11,671.1
Mar-15	11,690.7
Apr-15	11,690.3
May-15	11,736.9
Jun-15	11,734.6
Jul-15	11,764.6
Aug-15	11,773.5
Sep-15	11,787.1
Oct-15	11,860.8
Nov-15	11,895.2
Dec-15	11,901.8
Jan-16	11,904.4
Feb-16	11,921.5
Mar-16	11,938.3
Apr-16	11,945.5
May-16	11,947.3
Jun-16	11,973.6
Jul-16	12,001.7
Aug-16	11,975.1
Sep-16	11,957.2
Oct-16	11,985.4
Nov-16	12,010.6
Dec-16	12,030.5
Jan-17	12,047.4
Feb-17	12,050.0
Mar-17	12,113.3
Apr-17	12,167.3
May-17	12,199.5
Jun-17	12,239.5
Jul-17	12,266.1
Aug-17	12,316.8
Sep-17	12,347.3
Oct-17	12,353.9
Nov-17	12,406.3
Dec-17	12,443.2
Jan-18	12,476.5
Feb-18	12,470.5
Mar-18	12,485.7
Apr-18	12,506.8
May-18	12,512.3
Jun-18	12,591.7
Jul-18	12,580.0
Aug-18	12,620.6
Sep-18	12,631.4
Oct-18	12,661.3
Nov-18	12,692.6
Dec-18	12,711.5
Jan-19	12,743.7
Feb-19	12,742.5
Mar-19	12,775.7
Apr-19	12,815.8
May-19	12,858.7
Jun-19	12,872.6
Jul-19	12,891.7
Aug-19	12,930.7
Sep-19	12,942.7
Oct-19	12,908.6
Nov-19	12,943.6
Dec-19	12,966.8
Jan-20	12,982.4
Feb-20	12,995.4
Mar-20	12,995.5
Apr-20	12,403.7
May-20	12,139.7
Jun-20	12,377.3
Jul-20	12,479.1
Aug-20	12,626.6
Sep-20	12,581.3
Oct-20	12,741.3
Nov-20	12,828.8
Dec-20	12,866.1
Jan-21	12,895.3
Feb-21	12,976.6
Mar-21	13,051.6
Apr-21	13,023.0
May-21	13,141.2
Jun-21	13,170.6
Jul-21	13,167.3
Aug-21	13,014.4
Sep-21	12,867.1
Oct-21	12,811.1
Nov-21	13,177.3

Employed people, Seasonally adjusted

["","Employed people"]

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Full-time and part-time employment

In seasonally adjusted terms, in November 2021:

Full-time employment increased by 128,300 to 9,052,900 people, and part-time employment increased by 237,800 to 4,124,400 people
The part-time share of employment was 31.3%, 0.5 pts lower than in March 2020

Employment-to-population ratio

In seasonally adjusted terms, in November 2021, the employment-to-population ratio:

Increased by 1.8 pts to 63.0%
Higher than March 2020 by 0.6 pts

The employment-to-population ratio provides a measure of employment relative to the size of the population.

Employment-to-population ratio, Seasonally adjusted
	People (%)	Males (%)	Females (%)
Nov-11	61.9	68.4	55.7
Dec-11	61.7	68.3	55.3
Jan-12	62.0	68.6	55.6
Feb-12	61.7	68.1	55.5
Mar-12	62.0	68.1	55.9
Apr-12	61.8	68.2	55.6
May-12	62.0	68.2	55.9
Jun-12	61.7	68.1	55.6
Jul-12	61.7	67.8	55.7
Aug-12	61.7	67.8	55.7
Sep-12	61.7	67.7	55.9
Oct-12	61.7	67.9	55.5
Nov-12	61.5	67.7	55.5
Dec-12	61.5	67.8	55.3
Jan-13	61.8	68.0	55.7
Feb-13	61.7	67.8	55.7
Mar-13	61.4	67.4	55.6
Apr-13	61.5	67.5	55.7
May-13	61.4	67.5	55.4
Jun-13	61.4	67.5	55.4
Jul-13	61.2	67.2	55.4
Aug-13	61.2	67.1	55.4
Sep-13	61.2	67.1	55.4
Oct-13	61.1	67.0	55.3
Nov-13	60.9	66.8	55.1
Dec-13	60.6	66.6	54.9
Jan-14	60.7	66.7	55.0
Feb-14	60.7	66.6	55.1
Mar-14	60.9	66.9	55.2
Apr-14	60.9	66.9	55.1
May-14	60.7	66.6	55.1
Jun-14	60.8	66.6	55.1
Jul-14	60.8	66.6	55.1
Aug-14	60.7	66.6	55.0
Sep-14	60.6	66.5	55.0
Oct-14	60.5	66.4	54.8
Nov-14	60.5	66.6	54.6
Dec-14	60.7	66.6	54.9
Jan-15	60.6	66.5	54.9
Feb-15	60.9	66.8	55.2
Mar-15	60.9	66.9	55.1
Apr-15	60.8	66.7	55.2
May-15	61.0	66.8	55.4
Jun-15	60.9	66.6	55.4
Jul-15	61.0	66.8	55.4
Aug-15	61.0	66.6	55.6
Sep-15	61.0	66.6	55.6
Oct-15	61.3	66.9	55.9
Nov-15	61.4	66.9	56.1
Dec-15	61.4	66.9	56.0
Jan-16	61.3	67.0	55.8
Feb-16	61.3	66.8	56.0
Mar-16	61.3	66.8	55.9
Apr-16	61.2	66.6	56.1
May-16	61.2	66.6	55.9
Jun-16	61.2	66.6	56.0
Jul-16	61.3	66.7	56.0
Aug-16	61.0	66.5	55.8
Sep-16	60.9	66.2	55.7
Oct-16	60.9	66.4	55.7
Nov-16	61.0	66.3	55.8
Dec-16	61.0	66.4	55.8
Jan-17	61.0	66.3	55.9
Feb-17	60.9	66.3	55.7
Mar-17	61.1	66.4	55.9
Apr-17	61.3	66.8	56.0
May-17	61.4	66.7	56.2
Jun-17	61.5	66.7	56.5
Jul-17	61.5	66.9	56.4
Aug-17	61.7	66.9	56.7
Sep-17	61.8	66.9	56.8
Oct-17	61.8	66.9	56.8
Nov-17	62.0	67.1	57.0
Dec-17	62.1	67.1	57.3
Jan-18	62.1	67.3	57.1
Feb-18	62.0	67.0	57.1
Mar-18	61.9	66.9	57.2
Apr-18	62.0	66.9	57.2
May-18	61.9	66.9	57.1
Jun-18	62.2	67.1	57.5
Jul-18	62.1	67.2	57.1
Aug-18	62.2	67.4	57.2
Sep-18	62.2	67.3	57.2
Oct-18	62.2	67.3	57.4
Nov-18	62.3	67.4	57.4
Dec-18	62.3	67.5	57.4
Jan-19	62.4	67.4	57.5
Feb-19	62.3	67.2	57.6
Mar-19	62.3	67.3	57.5
Apr-19	62.5	67.2	57.9
May-19	62.6	67.8	57.6
Jun-19	62.6	67.7	57.7
Jul-19	62.6	67.6	57.8
Aug-19	62.7	67.6	58.0
Sep-19	62.7	67.3	58.1
Oct-19	62.4	67.0	58.0
Nov-19	62.5	67.2	58.0
Dec-19	62.5	67.2	58.1
Jan-20	62.5	66.9	58.3
Feb-20	62.5	67.0	58.2
Mar-20	62.4	66.9	58.0
Apr-20	59.5	64.2	55.0
May-20	58.2	63.1	53.5
Jun-20	59.4	64.0	54.8
Jul-20	59.8	64.5	55.3
Aug-20	60.6	65.1	56.2
Sep-20	60.4	64.8	56.1
Oct-20	61.1	65.8	56.6
Nov-20	61.5	66.3	56.9
Dec-20	61.7	66.3	57.3
Jan-21	61.8	66.5	57.3
Feb-21	62.2	66.5	58.0
Mar-21	62.5	66.7	58.5
Apr-21	62.4	66.7	58.2
May-21	62.9	67.1	58.8
Jun-21	63.0	67.4	58.8
Jul-21	63.0	67.6	58.6
Aug-21	62.2	66.8	57.9
Sep-21	61.5	66.2	57.1
Oct-21	61.3	66.0	56.7
Nov-21	63.0	67.5	58.7

Employment-to-population ratio, Seasonally adjusted

["","People","Males","Females"]

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Hours worked

In seasonally adjusted terms, in November 2021, monthly hours worked in all jobs:

Increased by 76.7 million hours (4.5%) to 1,801 million hours
Increased by 35.7 million hours (2.0%) from March 2020

See the article Insights into hours worked for more.

Monthly hours worked in all jobs, Seasonally adjusted
	Hours worked (m)	Yearly change (%)
Nov-11	1,587	0.9
Dec-11	1,589	1.2
Jan-12	1,591	0.5
Feb-12	1,587	0.4
Mar-12	1,596	0.9
Apr-12	1,601	2.9
May-12	1,606	2.0
Jun-12	1,580	-0.2
Jul-12	1,590	0.4
Aug-12	1,589	0.3
Sep-12	1,600	1.1
Oct-12	1,587	-0.4
Nov-12	1,601	0.9
Dec-12	1,603	0.9
Jan-13	1,602	0.7
Feb-13	1,604	1.1
Mar-13	1,598	0.1
Apr-13	1,615	0.9
May-13	1,606	0.0
Jun-13	1,607	1.7
Jul-13	1,617	1.7
Aug-13	1,621	2.0
Sep-13	1,609	0.6
Oct-13	1,608	1.3
Nov-13	1,605	0.2
Dec-13	1,604	0.1
Jan-14	1,599	-0.2
Feb-14	1,607	0.2
Mar-14	1,613	1.0
Apr-14	1,604	-0.7
May-14	1,612	0.3
Jun-14	1,618	0.7
Jul-14	1,617	0.0
Aug-14	1,617	-0.2
Sep-14	1,613	0.2
Oct-14	1,611	0.2
Nov-14	1,613	0.5
Dec-14	1,602	-0.1
Jan-15	1,630	2.0
Feb-15	1,628	1.3
Mar-15	1,635	1.4
Apr-15	1,642	2.3
May-15	1,636	1.5
Jun-15	1,634	0.9
Jul-15	1,640	1.5
Aug-15	1,638	1.3
Sep-15	1,649	2.3
Oct-15	1,655	2.7
Nov-15	1,653	2.5
Dec-15	1,652	3.1
Jan-16	1,661	1.9
Feb-16	1,663	2.2
Mar-16	1,657	1.3
Apr-16	1,637	-0.3
May-16	1,664	1.7
Jun-16	1,657	1.4
Jul-16	1,662	1.3
Aug-16	1,664	1.6
Sep-16	1,660	0.7
Oct-16	1,666	0.7
Nov-16	1,666	0.8
Dec-16	1,675	1.4
Jan-17	1,695	2.1
Feb-17	1,663	0.0
Mar-17	1,681	1.5
Apr-17	1,670	2.0
May-17	1,713	3.0
Jun-17	1,708	3.1
Jul-17	1,700	2.3
Aug-17	1,704	2.4
Sep-17	1,712	3.1
Oct-17	1,717	3.1
Nov-17	1,726	3.6
Dec-17	1,722	2.8
Jan-18	1,701	0.4
Feb-18	1,723	3.6
Mar-18	1,726	2.7
Apr-18	1,750	4.8
May-18	1,732	1.1
Jun-18	1,743	2.0
Jul-18	1,743	2.5
Aug-18	1,743	2.3
Sep-18	1,748	2.1
Oct-18	1,758	2.3
Nov-18	1,749	1.3
Dec-18	1,748	1.5
Jan-19	1,761	3.5
Feb-19	1,764	2.4
Mar-19	1,776	2.9
Apr-19	1,776	1.5
May-19	1,769	2.1
Jun-19	1,771	1.6
Jul-19	1,772	1.7
Aug-19	1,777	1.9
Sep-19	1,781	1.9
Oct-19	1,778	1.2
Nov-19	1,773	1.3
Dec-19	1,784	2.1
Jan-20	1,774	0.8
Feb-20	1,771	0.4
Mar-20	1,765	-0.6
Apr-20	1,596	-10.2
May-20	1,608	-9.1
Jun-20	1,669	-5.7
Jul-20	1,683	-5.0
Aug-20	1,687	-5.0
Sep-20	1,690	-5.1
Oct-20	1,733	-2.5
Nov-20	1,754	-1.1
Dec-20	1,754	-1.7
Jan-21	1,669	-6.0
Feb-21	1,764	-0.4
Mar-21	1,804	2.2
Apr-21	1,792	12.3
May-21	1,817	13.0
Jun-21	1,784	6.9
Jul-21	1,780	5.8
Aug-21	1,713	1.5
Sep-21	1,727	2.2
Oct-21	1,724	-0.5
Nov-21	1,801	2.7

Monthly hours worked in all jobs, Seasonally adjusted

["","Hours worked (m)","Yearly change (%)"]

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Participation

In seasonally adjusted terms, in November 2021, the participation rate:

Increased by 1.4 pts to 66.1%
Increased by 1.2 pts for men to 70.7% and increased by 1.6 pts to 61.6% for women
Higher than March 2020 by 0.2 pts

Participation rate, Seasonally adjusted
	People (%)	Males (%)	Females (%)
Nov-11	65.4	72.0	58.9
Dec-11	65.1	71.8	58.6
Jan-12	65.3	72.1	58.7
Feb-12	65.1	71.8	58.6
Mar-12	65.3	71.8	59.1
Apr-12	65.1	71.7	58.6
May-12	65.4	71.8	59.1
Jun-12	65.1	71.6	58.8
Jul-12	65.1	71.5	58.8
Aug-12	65.0	71.6	58.6
Sep-12	65.3	71.8	59.0
Oct-12	65.2	71.8	58.8
Nov-12	64.9	71.5	58.6
Dec-12	65.0	71.7	58.6
Jan-13	65.3	71.9	58.8
Feb-13	65.2	71.7	58.9
Mar-13	65.1	71.5	58.8
Apr-13	65.1	71.5	59.0
May-13	65.0	71.6	58.7
Jun-13	65.1	71.6	58.7
Jul-13	64.9	71.3	58.7
Aug-13	64.9	71.3	58.7
Sep-13	64.8	71.2	58.7
Oct-13	64.8	71.2	58.7
Nov-13	64.6	71.0	58.4
Dec-13	64.4	70.9	58.2
Jan-14	64.6	70.8	58.5
Feb-14	64.6	70.7	58.6
Mar-14	64.7	70.9	58.8
Apr-14	64.7	71.0	58.5
May-14	64.6	70.7	58.6
Jun-14	64.7	70.9	58.7
Jul-14	64.8	71.0	58.7
Aug-14	64.7	70.9	58.6
Sep-14	64.7	70.7	58.8
Oct-14	64.6	70.8	58.7
Nov-14	64.5	71.1	58.2
Dec-14	64.6	70.8	58.6
Jan-15	64.7	71.1	58.6
Feb-15	64.9	71.2	58.8
Mar-15	64.9	71.3	58.6
Apr-15	64.8	71.1	58.7
May-15	64.9	71.0	58.9
Jun-15	64.8	70.9	59.0
Jul-15	65.1	71.1	59.3
Aug-15	64.9	70.9	59.1
Sep-15	65.0	70.9	59.2
Oct-15	65.2	71.1	59.4
Nov-15	65.2	70.9	59.7
Dec-15	65.1	70.9	59.5
Jan-16	65.2	71.3	59.4
Feb-16	65.0	70.7	59.4
Mar-16	64.9	70.8	59.3
Apr-16	64.9	70.5	59.5
May-16	64.9	70.7	59.3
Jun-16	64.9	70.4	59.6
Jul-16	65.0	70.6	59.5
Aug-16	64.7	70.4	59.1
Sep-16	64.5	70.1	59.1
Oct-16	64.5	70.2	59.0
Nov-16	64.7	70.3	59.3
Dec-16	64.8	70.5	59.2
Jan-17	64.7	70.2	59.3
Feb-17	64.7	70.4	59.2
Mar-17	64.9	70.5	59.5
Apr-17	64.9	70.6	59.5
May-17	65.0	70.6	59.5
Jun-17	65.1	70.6	59.9
Jul-17	65.2	70.8	59.7
Aug-17	65.3	70.8	60.0
Sep-17	65.3	70.7	60.1
Oct-17	65.2	70.6	60.1
Nov-17	65.5	70.9	60.3
Dec-17	65.8	71.1	60.6
Jan-18	65.8	71.2	60.5
Feb-18	65.7	71.0	60.5
Mar-18	65.6	70.8	60.6
Apr-18	65.6	70.9	60.5
May-18	65.5	70.7	60.4
Jun-18	65.7	71.0	60.6
Jul-18	65.5	71.0	60.3
Aug-18	65.6	71.1	60.4
Sep-18	65.4	70.7	60.3
Oct-18	65.5	70.8	60.4
Nov-18	65.7	71.0	60.5
Dec-18	65.6	71.0	60.5
Jan-19	65.7	71.0	60.7
Feb-19	65.6	70.7	60.6
Mar-19	65.7	70.9	60.6
Apr-19	65.9	70.9	61.1
May-19	66.0	71.5	60.7
Jun-19	66.0	71.3	60.9
Jul-19	66.1	71.3	61.0
Aug-19	66.2	71.3	61.2
Sep-19	66.1	71.1	61.2
Oct-19	65.9	70.8	61.1
Nov-19	65.9	70.9	61.1
Dec-19	65.9	70.9	61.1
Jan-20	66.0	70.8	61.5
Feb-20	65.9	70.7	61.2
Mar-20	65.9	70.7	61.2
Apr-20	63.6	68.8	58.5
May-20	62.6	68.0	57.5
Jun-20	64.1	69.1	59.2
Jul-20	64.7	69.7	59.8
Aug-20	65.0	69.9	60.2
Sep-20	64.8	69.7	60.1
Oct-20	65.7	70.7	60.8
Nov-20	66.0	71.0	61.3
Dec-20	66.0	71.0	61.3
Jan-21	66.0	71.1	61.1
Feb-21	66.1	70.9	61.4
Mar-21	66.3	70.9	61.9
Apr-21	66.0	70.8	61.3
May-21	66.3	70.9	61.7
Jun-21	66.3	71.0	61.7
Jul-21	66.0	70.8	61.4
Aug-21	65.2	70.1	60.5
Sep-21	64.5	69.2	60.0
Oct-21	64.6	69.5	60.0
Nov-21	66.1	70.7	61.6

Participation rate, Seasonally adjusted

["","People","Males","Females"]

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Underemployment

In seasonally adjusted terms, in November 2021:

The underemployment rate decreased by 2.0 pts to 7.5%
The underemployment rate was 1.3 pts lower than March 2020
The underutilisation rate decreased by 2.6 pts to 12.1%

Underemployment rate, Seasonally adjusted
	People (%)	Males (%)	Females (%)
Nov-11	7.1	5.3	9.1
Dec-11	7.1	5.4	9.2
Jan-12	7.2	5.5	9.1
Feb-12	7.3	5.7	9.1
Mar-12	7.2	5.6	9.1
Apr-12	7.3	5.5	9.4
May-12	7.3	5.5	9.6
Jun-12	7.2	5.4	9.3
Jul-12	7.1	5.2	9.2
Aug-12	6.9	5.1	9.0
Sep-12	6.8	5.1	8.9
Oct-12	7.0	5.2	9.1
Nov-12	7.0	5.3	9.1
Dec-12	7.0	5.4	9.0
Jan-13	7.0	5.4	8.9
Feb-13	7.1	5.4	9.1
Mar-13	7.2	5.5	9.3
Apr-13	7.2	5.5	9.2
May-13	7.5	5.8	9.5
Jun-13	7.5	5.9	9.5
Jul-13	7.4	5.6	9.5
Aug-13	7.6	5.8	9.6
Sep-13	7.4	5.7	9.5
Oct-13	7.5	5.8	9.5
Nov-13	7.5	5.7	9.6
Dec-13	7.5	5.8	9.5
Jan-14	7.3	5.7	9.3
Feb-14	7.5	5.7	9.6
Mar-14	7.5	5.7	9.7
Apr-14	7.6	5.7	9.9
May-14	7.8	5.9	9.9
Jun-14	7.9	6.0	10.2
Jul-14	8.3	6.3	10.6
Aug-14	8.4	6.4	10.7
Sep-14	8.8	6.9	11.1
Oct-14	8.2	6.3	10.4
Nov-14	8.7	6.7	10.9
Dec-14	8.5	6.5	10.7
Jan-15	8.5	6.5	10.9
Feb-15	8.5	6.5	10.9
Mar-15	8.1	5.9	10.8
Apr-15	8.3	6.3	10.6
May-15	8.4	6.3	10.7
Jun-15	8.4	6.5	10.6
Jul-15	8.6	6.8	10.7
Aug-15	8.5	6.5	10.8
Sep-15	8.8	6.8	11.2
Oct-15	8.7	6.7	11.0
Nov-15	8.6	6.7	10.8
Dec-15	8.5	6.3	10.9
Jan-16	8.5	6.6	10.7
Feb-16	8.4	6.5	10.5
Mar-16	8.4	6.6	10.5
Apr-16	8.6	7.0	10.4
May-16	8.3	6.6	10.2
Jun-16	8.8	7.0	10.8
Jul-16	9.0	7.0	11.3
Aug-16	8.8	7.2	10.7
Sep-16	8.7	6.9	10.8
Oct-16	8.6	6.8	10.6
Nov-16	8.5	6.7	10.6
Dec-16	8.6	6.8	10.7
Jan-17	8.8	6.9	11.0
Feb-17	9.0	6.9	11.5
Mar-17	8.6	6.8	10.7
Apr-17	8.7	6.6	11.1
May-17	8.6	6.7	10.8
Jun-17	8.4	6.6	10.5
Jul-17	8.5	6.9	10.5
Aug-17	8.6	6.9	10.6
Sep-17	8.6	6.8	10.6
Oct-17	8.5	6.6	10.6
Nov-17	8.5	6.7	10.6
Dec-17	8.5	6.5	10.8
Jan-18	8.8	7.1	10.7
Feb-18	8.5	6.6	10.6
Mar-18	8.6	6.5	10.9
Apr-18	8.4	6.4	10.8
May-18	8.4	6.4	10.6
Jun-18	8.6	6.6	10.8
Jul-18	8.5	6.4	10.8
Aug-18	8.2	6.1	10.6
Sep-18	8.3	6.3	10.6
Oct-18	8.3	6.2	10.7
Nov-18	8.5	6.7	10.6
Dec-18	8.3	6.5	10.4
Jan-19	8.2	6.2	10.4
Feb-19	8.1	6.2	10.2
Mar-19	8.2	6.5	10.2
Apr-19	8.4	6.8	10.3
May-19	8.5	6.8	10.5
Jun-19	8.2	6.7	9.9
Jul-19	8.4	6.8	10.3
Aug-19	8.6	7.0	10.4
Sep-19	8.4	6.8	10.1
Oct-19	8.6	6.7	10.6
Nov-19	8.3	6.7	10.1
Dec-19	8.2	6.6	10.0
Jan-20	8.7	6.7	10.8
Feb-20	8.6	6.6	10.9
Mar-20	8.8	7.1	10.6
Apr-20	13.6	12.4	15.0
May-20	13.0	12.0	14.0
Jun-20	11.6	10.9	12.5
Jul-20	11.3	10.5	12.2
Aug-20	11.3	10.6	12.1
Sep-20	11.4	10.7	12.2
Oct-20	10.4	9.2	11.8
Nov-20	9.3	8.0	10.8
Dec-20	8.5	7.1	10.1
Jan-21	8.3	7.0	9.7
Feb-21	8.4	7.2	9.8
Mar-21	7.9	6.6	9.4
Apr-21	7.8	6.4	9.2
May-21	7.4	6.3	8.7
Jun-21	7.9	6.9	9.0
Jul-21	8.3	7.1	9.6
Aug-21	9.3	8.5	10.2
Sep-21	9.2	8.5	10.1
Oct-21	9.5	9.0	10.1
Nov-21	7.5	6.3	8.8

Underemployment rate, Seasonally adjusted

["","People","Males","Females"]

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States and territories

November 2021, Seasonally adjusted
	New South Wales	Victoria	Queensland	South Australia	Western Australia	Tasmania	Northern Territory	Australian Capital Territory	Australia
Employed people	4,127,700	3,446,600	2,660,100	884,500	1,444,000	261,500	129,900	227,900	13,177,300
Employed people - monthly change	4.6%	4.3%	0.5%	1.2%	1.6%	0.7%	-1.8%	3.6%	2.9%
Employment to population ratio	62.0%	63.6%	63.0%	60.5%	66.8%	58.3%	68.5%	66.3%	63.0%
Employment to population ratio - monthly change	2.7 pts	2.7 pts	0.3 pts	0.7 pts	1.0 pts	0.4 pts	-1.2 pts	2.3 pts	1.8 pts
Unemployment rate	4.6%	4.7%	4.8%	4.6%	3.8%	5.1%	4.4%	3.8%	4.6%
Unemployment rate - monthly change	-0.8 pts	-0.9 pts	-0.4 pts	-0.7 pts	-0.1 pts	0.0 pts	0.5 pts	-2.8 pts	-0.6 pts
Underemployment rate	7.4%	7.3%	7.9%	8.1%	6.6%	8.4%	5.4%	7.2%	7.5%
Underemployment rate - monthly change	-3.2 pts	-4.0 pts	0.0 pts	-0.1 pts	0.3 pts	0.4 pts	-1.2 pts	-1.0 pts	-2.0 pts
Participation rate	64.9%	66.8%	66.2%	63.5%	69.4%	61.4%	71.6%	68.9%	66.1%
Participation rate - monthly change	2.3 pts	2.2 pts	0.1 pts	0.2 pts	1.0 pts	0.4 pts	-0.9 pts	0.5 pts	1.4 pts

Rotation group analysis

Sample composition and rotation

Estimates for the incoming and outgoing rotation groups

Incoming and outgoing rotation groups
	October outgoing rotation group	November incoming rotation group	November outgoing rotation group	November estimate (Original)
Employment to population ratio	58.8%	64.6%	62.7%	63.3%
Full-time employment to population ratio	40.0%	44.8%	42.3%	43.4%
Unemployment rate	5.4%	4.2%	4.3%	4.3%
Participation rate	62.2%	67.4%	65.4%	66.1%

States and territories

Managing COVID-19 impacts on the incoming rotation groups

Comparability with seasonally adjusted data

Contribution from sample components to estimates

Data files

Download xlsx [44.5 KB]

Data downloads

Changes to Excel file format on the ABS website

In line with updating to more recent technology formats, the ABS will progressively transition to releasing Excel files in the .XLSX format. This means that timeseries spreadsheets in the suite of labour statistics releases will be progressively upgraded from .XLS files to .XLSX files.

While this change will improve usability, it may also require changes to automated macros or similar programs that users may have in place that call on the current file extension format.

For Labour Force products, this change will take effect from the release of November data on 16 December 2021 and for the release of detailed data on 23 December 2021. Previously released data will not change.

Changes will be reflected in other labour statistics from the following dates:

Job Vacancies, to be released on 12 January 2022
Employee Earnings and Hours, to be released on 19 January 2022
Average Weekly Earnings, to be released on 24 February 2022
Labour Account, to be released on 9 March 2022
Industrial Disputes, to be released on 10 March 2022

Some labour statistics, such as Weekly Payroll Jobs and Wages in Australia, already publish Excel data in .XLSX format. No changes will be required for those releases.

Labour Force Survey results are released in three stages.

Spreadsheets of the headline indicators are published in this release
Additional, more detailed spreadsheets and pivot tables are published in Labour Force, Australia, Detailed one week after this first release
Longitudinal labour force microdata are released in the ABS DataLab on a monthly basis, one day after the detailed release (see Microdata: Longitudinal Labour Force, Australia)

See the Survey output section of Labour Force, Australia methodology for more information.

Labour Force status

Data files

Table 1. Labour force status by Sex, Australia - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original
Download xlsx [971.91 KB]
Table 4. Labour force status by Sex, New South Wales - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original
Download xlsx [678.94 KB]
Table 5. Labour force status by Sex, Victoria - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original
Download xlsx [678.94 KB]
Table 6. Labour force status by Sex, Queensland - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original
Download xlsx [681.15 KB]
Table 7. Labour force status by Sex, South Australia - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original
Download xlsx [677.44 KB]
Table 8. Labour force status by Sex, Western Australia - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original
Download xlsx [679.61 KB]
Table 9. Labour force status by Sex, Tasmania - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original
Download xlsx [683.71 KB]
Table 10. Labour force status by Sex, Northern Territory - Trend and Original
Download xlsx [630.45 KB]
Table 10a. Labour force status by Sex, Northern Territory - Seasonally adjusted
Download xlsx [159.16 KB]
Table 11. Labour force status by Sex, Australian Capital Territory - Trend and Original
Download xlsx [583.46 KB]
Table 11a. Labour force status by Sex, Australian Capital Territory - Seasonally adjusted
Download xlsx [158.98 KB]
Table 12. Labour force status by Sex, State and Territory - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original
Download xlsx [5.83 MB]
Table 12a. Labour force status by Sex, Territory - Seasonally adjusted
Download xlsx [271.3 KB]
Table 13. Labour force status for 15-24 year olds by Sex - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original
Download xlsx [960.58 KB]
Table 15. Labour force status for 15-24 year olds by Educational attendance (full-time) and Sex
Download xlsx [751.6 KB]
Table 16. Labour force status for 15-24 year olds by State, Territory and Educational attendance (full-time)
Download xlsx [2.3 MB]
Table 17. Labour force status for 15-19 year olds by Sex - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original
Download xlsx [787.89 KB]
Table 18. Labour force status for 15-64 year olds by Sex - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original
Download xlsx [967.27 KB]

Hours worked

Data files

Table 19. Monthly hours worked in all jobs by Employed full-time, part-time and Sex and by State and Territory - Trend and Seasonally adjusted
Download xlsx [367.05 KB]
Table 19a. Monthly hours worked in all jobs by Employed full-time, part-time and Sex and Territory - Seasonally adjusted
Download xlsx [59.81 KB]
Table 21. Quarterly hours worked in all jobs by Market and Non-market sector - Seasonally adjusted
Download xlsx [56.65 KB]
EM2a - Employed persons who worked fewer hours than usual by hours actually worked in all jobs and sex, January 1991 onwards (pivot table)
Download xlsx [19.98 MB]
EM2b - Employed persons who worked fewer hours than usual by hours actually worked in all jobs, state and territory, January 1991 onwards (pivot table)
Download xlsx [9.25 MB]

Underemployment and underutilisation

Data files

Table 22. Underutilised persons by Age and Sex - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original
Download xlsx [6.55 MB]
Table 23. Underutilised persons by State and Territory and Sex - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original
Download xlsx [8.23 MB]
Table 23a. Underutilised persons by Territory and Sex - Seasonally adjusted
Download xlsx [391.17 KB]
Table 24. Underutilised persons by Age and Sex (expanded analytical series)
Download xlsx [399.58 KB]
Table 25. Underutilised persons by State, Territory and Sex (expanded analytical series)
Download xlsx [331.58 KB]

Flows into and out of employment

GM1 - Labour force status and Gross changes (flows) by Age, Sex, State and Territory, February 1991 onwards

Data files

Download xlsx [96.75 MB]

All time series spreadsheets

Data files

Download zip [28.76 MB]

Data Explorer datasets

Caution: Data in the Data Explorer is currently released after the 11:30am release on the ABS website. Please check the time period when using Data Explorer.

For information on Data Explorer and how it works, see the Data Explorer user guide.

Labour force status by Sex, State and Territory - Number of people employed, unemployed and not in the labour force, monthly, February 1978 and onwards

APA

Labour Force, Australia

APA

Key statistics

Survey impacts and changes

Hours worked - insights and additional data

Quarterly rebenchmarking of labour force statistics

Unemployment and job loss in Australia during the COVID-19 period

Understanding how COVID-19 support is reflected in Labour Force statistics

Seasonal adjustment and trend estimates

Survey response and timeline

Articles and other information

Unemployment

Employment

Flows into and out of employment

Flows in labour force status, October to November

Full-time and part-time employment

Employment-to-population ratio

Hours worked

Participation

Underemployment

States and territories

Rotation group analysis

Sample composition and rotation

Estimates for the incoming and outgoing rotation groups

States and territories

Managing COVID-19 impacts on the incoming rotation groups

Comparability with seasonally adjusted data

Contribution from sample components to estimates

Data downloads

Changes to Excel file format on the ABS website

Labour Force status

Table 1. Labour force status by Sex, Australia - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 4. Labour force status by Sex, New South Wales - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 5. Labour force status by Sex, Victoria - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 6. Labour force status by Sex, Queensland - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 7. Labour force status by Sex, South Australia - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 8. Labour force status by Sex, Western Australia - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 9. Labour force status by Sex, Tasmania - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 10. Labour force status by Sex, Northern Territory - Trend and Original

Table 10a. Labour force status by Sex, Northern Territory - Seasonally adjusted

Table 11. Labour force status by Sex, Australian Capital Territory - Trend and Original

Table 11a. Labour force status by Sex, Australian Capital Territory - Seasonally adjusted

Table 12. Labour force status by Sex, State and Territory - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 12a. Labour force status by Sex, Territory - Seasonally adjusted

Table 13. Labour force status for 15-24 year olds by Sex - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 15. Labour force status for 15-24 year olds by Educational attendance (full-time) and Sex

Table 16. Labour force status for 15-24 year olds by State, Territory and Educational attendance (full-time)

Table 17. Labour force status for 15-19 year olds by Sex - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 18. Labour force status for 15-64 year olds by Sex - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Hours worked

Table 19. Monthly hours worked in all jobs by Employed full-time, part-time and Sex and by State and Territory - Trend and Seasonally adjusted

Table 19a. Monthly hours worked in all jobs by Employed full-time, part-time and Sex and Territory - Seasonally adjusted

Table 21. Quarterly hours worked in all jobs by Market and Non-market sector - Seasonally adjusted

EM2a - Employed persons who worked fewer hours than usual by hours actually worked in all jobs and sex, January 1991 onwards (pivot table)

EM2b - Employed persons who worked fewer hours than usual by hours actually worked in all jobs, state and territory, January 1991 onwards (pivot table)

Underemployment and underutilisation

Table 22. Underutilised persons by Age and Sex - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 23. Underutilised persons by State and Territory and Sex - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 23a. Underutilised persons by Territory and Sex - Seasonally adjusted

Table 24. Underutilised persons by Age and Sex (expanded analytical series)

Table 25. Underutilised persons by State, Territory and Sex (expanded analytical series)

Flows into and out of employment

GM1 - Labour force status and Gross changes (flows) by Age, Sex, State and Territory, February 1991 onwards

All time series spreadsheets

All time series spreadsheets

Data Explorer datasets

Article archive

Understanding the labour force

Employment and jobs

Unemployment and underemployment

Hours worked

Regional estimates

LFS content and output

Methodology

Previous catalogue number

Methodology

Articles

Insights into job attachment during the pandemic, November 2021

Insights into hours worked, November 2021