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In 1991 the Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody, which investigated the deaths of 99 Indigenous persons in police or prison custody occurring between January 1980 and May 1989, presented its findings and recommendations. One of the outcomes was the establishment of a National Deaths in Custody Monitoring and Research Program at the Australian Institute of Criminology.

During 2000, 91 people died in all forms of custody in Australia, a 40% increase since 1990. Of the 91 deaths, 17 were of Indigenous persons, making up about one-fifth of all deaths. The largest number of deaths in custody recorded since 1990 was in 1997 (105), while the largest number of Indigenous deaths was in 1995 (21). The majority of deaths (70%) occurred in prison custody, with the remainder while in police custody (27%) or juvenile detention (3%) (table 11.35).

11.35 DEATHS IN CUSTODY
	Police		Prison		Juvenile detention		Total
	Indigenous	Non-Indigenous	Indigenous	Non-Indigenous	Indigenous	Non-Indigenous	Indigenous	Non-Indigenous	Total
1990	5	26	5	28	-	1	10	55	65
1991	5	26	8	31	-	-	13	57	70
1992	7	24	2	34	-	-	9	58	67
1993	3	28	7	42	-	1	10	71	81
1994	3	24	11	42	-	1	14	67	81
1995	4	22	17	42	-	2	21	66	87
1996	6	23	12	40	-	1	18	64	82
1997	6	23	9	67	-	-	15	90	105
1998	6	19	9	60	1	-	16	79	95
1999	6	20	13	46	-	-	19	66	85
2000	5	20	11	53	1	1	17	74	91
Total	56	255	104	485	2	7	162	747	909
Source: Australian Institute of Criminology, ‘Trends and Issues Paper No. 217', based on data from the National Deaths in Custody database.