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Business expenditure on R&D (BERD) in Australia in 2000-01 (table 25.6) was 18% higher than in 1999-2000. Although human resources (in person years) devoted to R&D in 2000-01 was only 5% higher than in 1999-2000, the labour costs of these human resources increased by 16%.
In 2000-01, BERD was 0.72% of GDP compared to 0.65% in 1999-2000. This is the first time that BERD as a percentage of GDP has increased since 1995-96 when it was 0.87%.
The increase in R&D expenditure between 1999-2000 and 2000-01 was attributable to a 57% increase by the Mining industry, an 8% increase by the Manufacturing industry and a 23% increase by Other industries in total. It should be noted that mineral exploration is excluded from the definition of R&D.
25.6 R&D RESOURCES, Businesses by industry
|
| | Businesses | Expenditure on R&D | Effort on R&D |
| |
|
|
|
| | 1999-2000 | 2000-01 | 1999-2000 | 2000-01 | 1999-2000 | 2000-01 |
| | no. | no. | $m | $m | ’000 person years | ’000 person years |
|
Mining (including services to mining) | 100 | 89 | 291 | 456 | 0.8 | 1.2 |
Manufacturing | | | | | | |
| Food, beverage and tobacco | 135 | 141 | 184 | 205 | 1.1 | 1.2 |
| Textile, clothing, footwear and leather | 51 | 51 | 18 | 27 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| Wood and paper product | 36 | 33 | 102 | 100 | 0.4 | 0.3 |
| Printing, publishing and recorded media | 28 | 32 | 15 | 13 | 0.2 | 0.1 |
| Petroleum, coal, chemical & associated product | 331 | 348 | 377 | 385 | 2.2 | 2.5 |
| Non-metallic mineral product | 49 | 51 | 47 | 41 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
| Metal product | 182 | 171 | 227 | 199 | 1.1 | 1.0 |
| Motor vehicle and part and other transport equipment | 139 | 135 | 410 | 473 | 3.1 | 3.0 |
| Photographic and scientific equipment | 174 | 162 | 128 | 180 | 1.1 | 1.4 |
| Electronic and electrical equipment and appliance | 323 | 372 | 342 | 385 | 2.8 | 2.8 |
| Industrial machinery and equipment | 245 | 239 | 131 | 140 | 1.2 | 1.1 |
| Other manufacturing | 88 | 88 | 20 | 23 | 0.2 | 0.3 |
| Total | 1,781 | 1,823 | 2,002 | 2,170 | 14.0 | 14.2 |
Other industries | | | | | | |
| Wholesale and retail trade | 297 | 291 | 387 | 388 | 2.6 | 2.6 |
| Finance and insurance | 35 | 36 | 138 | 264 | 1.0 | 0.9 |
| Property and business services | 874 | 932 | 744 | 831 | 6.0 | 6.4 |
| Scientific research | 148 | 152 | 211 | 218 | 1.3 | 1.3 |
| Other n.e.c. | 192 | 194 | 312 | 498 | 0.9 | 1.2 |
| Total other industries | 1,546 | 1,605 | 1,792 | 2,199 | 11.7 | 12.5 |
Total all industries | 3,427 | 3,517 | 4,085 | 4,825 | 26.4 | 27.8 |
|
Source: Research and Experimental Development, Businesses, Australia (8104.0). |
Major research fields (table 25.7) in which BERD took place were Computer software (15%), Communications technologies (11%), Manufacturing engineering (8%), Automotive engineering (7%), and Medical and health sciences (6%).
A slightly different pattern applied to human resources devoted to R&D, with 20% in Computer software, 9% in Manufacturing engineering, 9% in Automotive engineering, 8% in Communications technologies, and 6% in Medical and health sciences.
25.7 R&D RESOURCES, Businesses by field of research - 2000-01
|
| Type of expenditure | |
|
| |
| Capital expenditure | Labour costs | Other current expenditure | Total | Human resources |
| $m | $m | $m | $m | ’000 person years |
|
Mathematical sciences | 1.3 | 17.9 | 11.5 | 30.7 | 0.2 |
Physical sciences | 3.2 | 26.5 | 21.7 | 51.4 | 0.4 |
Chemical sciences | 12.4 | 80.7 | 80.6 | 173.7 | 1.2 |
Earth sciences | 3.3 | 11.5 | 35.6 | 50.4 | 0.2 |
Biological sciences | 11.5 | 51.2 | 59.3 | 122.0 | 0.7 |
Information systems | 19.3 | 108.3 | 93.8 | 221.5 | 1.3 |
Computer software | 58.3 | 470.2 | 200.4 | 728.9 | 5.7 |
Other information, computing & communication sciences | 32.9 | 126.7 | 149.2 | 308.9 | 1.5 |
Industrial biotechnology and food sciences | 15.9 | 62.5 | 50.2 | 128.6 | 0.8 |
Chemical engineering | 16.6 | 23.9 | 32.8 | 73.3 | 0.3 |
Manufacturing engineering | 46.5 | 158.0 | 185.2 | 389.7 | 2.5 |
Automotive engineering | 26.7 | 157.2 | 165.4 | 349.3 | 2.4 |
Mechanical and industrial engineering | 31.8 | 69.2 | 62.4 | 163.4 | 1.0 |
Resources engineering | 28.6 | 79.6 | 179.3 | 287.6 | 0.9 |
Electrical and electronic engineering | 12.7 | 72.4 | 61.8 | 147.0 | 1.1 |
Metallurgy | 8.7 | 32.2 | 117.1 | 158.0 | 0.4 |
Materials engineering | 9.7 | 42.5 | 50.8 | 103.1 | 0.7 |
Communications technologies | 38.7 | 189.4 | 320.3 | 548.3 | 2.2 |
Other engineering and technology | 26.0 | 143.1 | 136.3 | 305.5 | 1.7 |
Agricultural, veterinary and environmental sciences | 12.3 | 58.7 | 82.7 | 153.7 | 0.9 |
Medical and health sciences | 15.5 | 126.7 | 157.3 | 299.5 | 1.6 |
Other research fields | 2.8 | 21.2 | 7.1 | 31.0 | 0.3 |
Total | 434.9 | 2,129.7 | 2,260.7 | 4,825.3 | 27.8 |
|
Source: Research and Experimental Development, Businesses, Australia, 2000-01 (8104.0). |
In terms of socioeconomic objectives (table 25.8), most BERD ($4,318m or 89%) was directed towards Economic development. Of this, $1,947m (45%) was directed towards Manufacturing. About 6% was directed towards Society, 2% towards Defence and 2% towards Environment.
A similar pattern applied to human resources devoted to R&D, with 90% directed towards Economic development, 6% directed towards Society, 3% towards Defence and 1% towards Environment.
25.8 R&D RESOURCES, Businesses by socioeconomic objective - 2000-01
|
| | Type of expenditure | |
| |
| |
| | Capital expenditure | Labour costs | Other current expenditure | Total | Human resources |
| $m | $m | $m | $m | ’000 person years |
|
Defence | 0.9 | 71.9 | 45.2 | 117.9 | 0.7 |
Economic development | | | | | |
| Plant - production and primary products | 5.3 | 23.0 | 18.5 | 46.8 | 0.4 |
| Animal - production and primary products | 2.5 | 18.1 | 34.9 | 55.5 | 0.3 |
| Mineral resources (excl. energy) | 38.3 | 91.2 | 187.7 | 317.2 | 1.1 |
| Energy resources | 5.9 | 27.0 | 70.7 | 103.6 | 0.3 |
| Energy supply | 30.8 | 48.1 | 42.9 | 121.8 | 0.6 |
| Manufacturing | 169.9 | 818.7 | 958.3 | 1,947.0 | 12.1 |
| Construction | 5.4 | 23.2 | 31.4 | 59.9 | 0.3 |
| Transport | 6.7 | 41.3 | 32.5 | 80.6 | 0.6 |
| Information and communication services | 115.8 | 662.3 | 590.6 | 1,368.7 | 7.8 |
| Commercial services and tourism | 23.4 | 135.7 | 49.8 | 209.0 | 1.3 |
| Economic framework | 0.8 | 5.4 | 1.6 | 7.8 | 0.1 |
| Total | 404.9 | 1,894.1 | 2,018.8 | 4,317.8 | 24.9 |
Society | | | | | |
| Health | 19.1 | 117.7 | 139.3 | 276.1 | 1.5 |
| Education and training | 0.5 | 5.5 | 3.6 | 9.5 | 0.1 |
| Social development and community services | 3.3 | 12.7 | 8.9 | 24.9 | 0.2 |
| Total | 22.8 | 135.9 | 151.7 | 310.4 | 1.8 |
Environment | | | | | |
| Environmental policy frameworks & other aspects | 1.5 | 4.3 | 4.7 | 10.6 | 0.1 |
| Environmental management | 4.4 | 20.3 | 37.3 | 62.0 | 0.3 |
| Total | 5.9 | 24.7 | 42.0 | 72.6 | 0.4 |
Non-oriented research | 0.4 | 3.1 | 3.0 | 6.5 | 0.1 |
Total | 434.9 | 2,129.7 | 2,260.7 | 4,825.3 | 27.8 |
|
Source: Research and Experimental Development, Businesses, Australia, 2000-01 (8104.0). |
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