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In current price terms, net services for 2001-02 recorded a deficit of $1.2b, a reversal of $2.1b on the surplus recorded in 2000-01. Services credits decreased by $2.1b (7%) to $31.0b, mainly due to decreases in personal, cultural and recreational services, and personal travel services. This reflects the one-off impact of the Sydney Olympic Games in 2000-01. Services debits remained stable at $32.3b. Decreases in transportation, mainly freight, and business travel services were offset by an increase in other business services. Table 30.8 provides details of the international trade in services.
As shown in table 30.9, the main destinations for services exports (credits) in 1999-2000 (the latest year available for regional data) were the United States of America (16%), Japan (12%), the United Kingdom (11%), New Zealand (7%) and Singapore (6%). Significant growth has been recorded since 1994-95 in services exports to each of these markets except Japan. The main source countries for services debits in 1999-2000, as shown in table 30.10, were the United States of America (21%), the United Kingdom (12%), Japan (7%), Singapore (6%), New Zealand (5%) and Hong Kong (4%).
30.8 INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES
|
 | | | 1996-97 | 1997-98 | 1998-99 | 1999-2000 | 2000-01 | 2001-02 |
| | | $m | $m | $m | $m | $m | $m |
|
CREDITS |
|
| Services credits | 24,226 | 25,206 | 26,242 | 28,317 | 33,204 | 31,039 |
| Transportation services | 6,648 | 6,611 | 6,803 | 6,865 | 8,062 | 7,625 |
| | Passenger | 5,697 | 5,550 | 5,604 | 5,848 | 7,024 | 6,629 |
| | Freight | 951 | 1,061 | 1,199 | 1,017 | 1,038 | 996 |
| | Other | n.p. | n.p. | n.p. | n.p. | n.p. | n.p. |
| Travel services | 11,756 | 11,540 | 11,944 | 13,139 | 15,366 | 14,530 |
| | Business | 675 | 893 | 1,009 | 1,040 | 1,166 | 1,121 |
| | Personal | 11,081 | 10,647 | 10,935 | 12,099 | 14,200 | 13,409 |
| Communications services | 947 | 1,361 | 1,239 | 1,475 | 1,397 | 1,017 |
| Construction services | 70 | 31 | 18 | 23 | 68 | 98 |
| Insurance services | 772 | 840 | 859 | 766 | 709 | 673 |
| Financial services | 634 | 713 | 716 | 747 | 747 | 784 |
| Computer and information services | 277 | 532 | 676 | 668 | 797 | 989 |
| Royalties and licence fees | 376 | 449 | 488 | 572 | 626 | 508 |
| Other business services | 1,882 | 2,224 | 2,552 | 2,852 | 3,185 | 3,473 |
| | Merchanting and other trade-related | 436 | 481 | 586 | 501 | 489 | 551 |
| | Operational leasing | 10 | 8 | 8 | 15 | 16 | 28 |
| | Miscellaneous business, professional and technical | 1,436 | 1,735 | 1,958 | 2,336 | 2,680 | 2,894 |
| Personal, cultural and recreational services | 304 | 352 | 388 | 475 | 1,514 | 569 |
| Government services n.e.i. | 560 | 553 | 559 | 735 | 733 | 773 |
|
DEBITS |
|
| Services debits | -24,152 | -26,398 | -28,026 | -29,713 | -32,299 | -32,257 |
| Transportation services | -8,439 | -9,110 | -9,367 | -10,018 | -11,352 | -10,876 |
| | Passenger | -3,003 | -3,224 | -3,485 | -3,876 | -4,337 | -4,276 |
| | Freight | -4,373 | -5,013 | -5,009 | -5,257 | -5,991 | -5,626 |
| | Other | -1,063 | -873 | -873 | -885 | -1,024 | -974 |
| Travel services | -7,769 | -8,372 | -9,044 | -9,836 | -11,189 | -11,043 |
| | Business | -2,286 | -2,416 | -2,239 | -2,536 | -2,854 | -2,592 |
| | Personal | -5,483 | -5,956 | -6,805 | -7,300 | -8,335 | -8,451 |
| Communications services | -1,066 | -1,407 | -1,467 | -1,664 | -1,766 | -1,551 |
| Construction services | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Insurance services | -1,012 | -915 | -922 | -902 | -878 | -856 |
| Financial services | -451 | -442 | -468 | -527 | -528 | -556 |
| Computer and information services | -253 | -336 | -424 | -458 | -417 | -434 |
| Royalties and license fees | -1,397 | -1,519 | -1,692 | -1,805 | -1,706 | -1,835 |
| Other business services | -2,699 | -3,003 | -3,253 | -3,046 | -3,070 | -3,656 |
| | Merchanting and other trade-related | -362 | -392 | -329 | -221 | -248 | -325 |
| | Operational leasing | -814 | -864 | -1,034 | -942 | -1,011 | -952 |
| | Miscellaneous business, professional and technical | -1,523 | -1,747 | -1,890 | -1,883 | -1,811 | -2,379 |
| Personal, cultural and recreational services | -547 | -702 | -756 | -808 | -767 | -801 |
| Government services n.e.i. | -519 | -592 | -633 | -649 | -626 | -649 |
|
| Source: Balance of Payments and International Investment Position, Australia (5302.0). |
30.9 SERVICES CREDITS, By country and country groups(a)
|
| 1994-95 | 1995-96 | 1996-97 | 1997-98 | 1998-99 | 1999-2000 |
| $m | $m | $m | $m | $m | $m |
|
COUNTRY |
|
| Belgium and Luxembourg | 47 | 64 | 105 | 125 | 100 | 79 |
| Brunei Darussalam | 23 | 25 | 22 | 21 | 22 | 16 |
| Canada | 240 | 281 | 309 | 359 | 373 | 412 |
| Central America and Caribbean | 12 | 11 | 15 | 13 | 12 | 12 |
| Chile | 5 | 7 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 |
| China, People’s Republic of | 375 | 378 | 396 | 485 | 577 | 701 |
| Fiji | 80 | 72 | 62 | 117 | 112 | 155 |
| France | 197 | 169 | 207 | 192 | 224 | 250 |
| Germany | 591 | 576 | 665 | 724 | 731 | 769 |
| Greece | 42 | 52 | 49 | 47 | 55 | 48 |
| Hong Kong (SAR of China) | 863 | 1,072 | 1,054 | 1,032 | 979 | 984 |
| Indonesia | 840 | 971 | 1,029 | 922 | 836 | 807 |
| Ireland, Republic of | 61 | 69 | 77 | 96 | 126 | 165 |
| Italy | 177 | 184 | 244 | 250 | 289 | 241 |
| Japan | 3,425 | 3,658 | 3,688 | 3,489 | 3,239 | 3,313 |
| Korea, Republic of | 835 | 1,115 | 927 | 609 | 450 | 607 |
| Malaysia | 684 | 769 | 733 | 773 | 664 | 768 |
| Mexico | 9 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 15 | 7 |
| Netherlands | 192 | 163 | 211 | 254 | 282 | 300 |
| New Zealand | 1,254 | 1,418 | 1,666 | 1,794 | 1,821 | 2,041 |
| Papua New Guinea | 240 | 236 | 279 | 335 | 288 | 371 |
| Philippines | 161 | 182 | 189 | 192 | 144 | 143 |
| Russian Federation | 66 | 69 | 63 | 56 | 45 | 52 |
| Singapore | 1,277 | 1,241 | 1,256 | 1,197 | 1,340 | 1,665 |
| South Africa | 152 | 173 | 177 | 168 | 189 | 117 |
| Sweden | 80 | 94 | 99 | 106 | 164 | 184 |
| Switzerland | 259 | 261 | 261 | 278 | 300 | 323 |
| Taiwan | 679 | 702 | 570 | 535 | 453 | 421 |
| Thailand | 503 | 523 | 474 | 353 | 310 | 378 |
| United Kingdom | 1,922 | 2,040 | 2,171 | 2,475 | 2,836 | 3,109 |
| United States of America | 2,403 | 2,977 | 3,220 | 4,097 | 4,418 | 4,594 |
| Africa n.e.s. | 93 | 106 | 103 | 126 | 144 | 195 |
| America n.e.s. | 118 | 131 | 330 | 254 | 381 | 618 |
| Asia n.e.s. | 808 | 873 | 994 | 1,022 | 1,250 | 1,273 |
| Europe n.e.s. | 652 | 674 | 650 | 719 | 865 | 987 |
| Oceania n.e.s. | 260 | 264 | 274 | 191 | 220 | 247 |
| International institutions | 4 | 4 | 2 | - | - | - |
| Unallocated | 924 | 1,341 | 1,646 | 1,791 | 1,983 | 1,959 |
| Total all countries | 20,553 | 22,949 | 24,226 | 25,206 | 26,242 | 28,317 |
|
COUNTRY GROUPS |
|
| APEC(b) | 13,816 | 15,559 | 15,821 | 16,202 | 15,967 | 17,336 |
| ASEAN(c) | 3,529 | 3,814 | 3,834 | 3,580 | 3,431 | 3,962 |
| EU(d) | 3,606 | 3,706 | 4,199 | 4,704 | 5,209 | 5,717 |
| OECD(e) | 11,423 | 12,524 | 14,432 | 15,464 | 15,961 | 17,097 |
|
(a) The ABS is currently unable to produce trade in services data by country for financial years after 1999-2000 due to delays in processing by the Department of Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs of international airline passenger cards.
(b) APEC includes Brunei Darussalam, Canada, Chile, People's Republic of China, Hong Kong (SAR of China), Indonesia, Japan, Republic of Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Russian Federation, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, United States of America and Vietnam. Peru, Russian Federation and Vietnam are included from 1998-99.
(c) ASEAN includes Brunei Darussalam, Myanmar, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. Myanmar and Laos are included from July 1997. Cambodia is included from April 1999.
(d) EU includes Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Republic of Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and United Kingdom.
(e) OECD includes Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Republic of Ireland, Italy, Japan, Republic of Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom and United States of America. Czech Republic and Hungary are included from January 1996 and Republic of Korea and Poland are included from 1996-97. |
Source: Balance of Payments, Australia - Regional Series (5338.0). |
30.10 SERVICES DEBITS, By country and country groups(a)
|
| 1994-95 | 1995-96 | 1996-97 | 1997-98 | 1998-99 | 1999-2000 |
| $m | $m | $m | $m | $m | $m |
|
COUNTRY |
|
| Belgium and Luxembourg | -107 | -86 | -68 | -108 | -72 | -89 |
| Brunei Darussalam | -9 | -10 | -7 | -10 | -11 | -11 |
| Canada | -301 | -318 | -319 | -298 | -319 | -389 |
| Central America and Caribbean | -202 | -197 | -163 | -119 | -33 | -26 |
| Chile | -16 | -21 | -18 | -65 | -19 | -27 |
| China, People’s Republic of | -443 | -458 | -447 | -592 | -612 | -621 |
| Fiji | -176 | -190 | -178 | -209 | -322 | -355 |
| France | -270 | -272 | -290 | -404 | -348 | -386 |
| Germany | -507 | -503 | -530 | -710 | -857 | -888 |
| Greece | -237 | -230 | -217 | -234 | -239 | -272 |
| Hong Kong (SAR of China) | -999 | -1,090 | -1,266 | -1,248 | -1,185 | -1,285 |
| Indonesia | -485 | -549 | -706 | -691 | -587 | -526 |
| Ireland, Republic of | -97 | -110 | -142 | -174 | -152 | -182 |
| Italy | -385 | -433 | -541 | -525 | -499 | -429 |
| Japan | -1,714 | -1,508 | -1,545 | -1,308 | -1,690 | -2,048 |
| Korea, Republic of | -262 | -303 | -283 | -257 | -285 | -207 |
| Malaysia | -483 | -524 | -626 | -694 | -746 | -743 |
| Mexico | -11 | -13 | -16 | -17 | -22 | -25 |
| Netherlands | -538 | -408 | -411 | -501 | -523 | -593 |
| New Zealand | -950 | -1,063 | -1,149 | -1,360 | -1,451 | -1,543 |
| Papua New Guinea | -134 | -162 | -174 | -222 | -150 | -162 |
| Philippines | -111 | -122 | -144 | -222 | -164 | -165 |
| Russian Federation | -150 | -116 | -81 | -61 | -53 | -40 |
| Singapore | -1,196 | -1,237 | -1,200 | -1,207 | -1,699 | -1,934 |
| South Africa | -103 | -118 | -155 | -193 | -195 | -168 |
| Sweden | -166 | -128 | -100 | -183 | -88 | -74 |
| Switzerland | -462 | -511 | -569 | -621 | -723 | -702 |
| Taiwan | -142 | -152 | -155 | -186 | -122 | -136 |
| Thailand | -384 | -435 | -403 | -501 | -554 | -625 |
| United Kingdom | -3,560 | -3,826 | -3,874 | -3,613 | -3,249 | -3,680 |
| United States of America | -4,332 | -4,590 | -4,949 | -5,521 | -5,745 | -6,247 |
| Africa n.e.s. | -130 | -149 | -163 | -183 | -266 | -338 |
| America n.e.s. | -117 | -154 | -217 | -298 | -380 | -391 |
| Asia n.e.s. | -746 | -622 | -607 | -821 | -1,038 | -1,122 |
| Europe n.e.s. | -1,089 | -1,084 | -876 | -1,066 | -1,097 | -921 |
| Oceania n.e.s. | -158 | -164 | -155 | -216 | -213 | -231 |
| International institutions | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Unallocated | -1,165 | -1,493 | -1,408 | -1,760 | -2,317 | -2,131 |
| Total all countries | -22,337 | -23,349 | -24,152 | -26,398 | -28,026 | -29,713 |
|
COUNTRY GROUPS |
|
| APEC(b) | -11,972 | -12,555 | -13,407 | -14,399 | -15,473 | -16,748 |
| ASEAN(c) | -2,791 | -3,068 | -3,293 | -3,551 | -4,063 | -4,237 |
| EU(d) | -6,154 | -6,373 | -6,448 | -6,852 | -6,434 | -6,971 |
| OECD(e) | -14,430 | -14,767 | -15,633 | -16,634 | -17,081 | -18,348 |
|
(a) The ABS is currently unable to produce trade in services data by country for financial years after 1999-2000 due to delays in processing by the Department of Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs of international airline passenger cards.
(b) APEC includes Brunei Darussalam, Canada, Chile, People's Republic of China, Hong Kong (SAR of China), Indonesia, Japan, Republic of Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Russian Federation, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, United States of America and Vietnam. Peru, Russian Federation and Vietnam are included from 1998-99.
(c) ASEAN includes Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. Myanmar and Laos are included from July 1997. Cambodia is included from April 1999.
(d) EU includes Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Republic of Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and United Kingdom.
(e) OECD includes Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Republic of Ireland, Italy, Japan, Republic of Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom and United States of America. Czech Republic and Hungary are included from January 1996 and Republic of Korea and Poland are included from 1996-97. |
Source: Balance of Payments, Australia - Regional Series (5338.0). |
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