TRADE IN SERVICES
The previous section provided information on trade in cultural goods (i.e. movable goods that cross Australia's customs frontier). While this is a major part of Australia's cultural trade with other countries, trade in services also contributes to Australia's trade in culture and recreation.
The term ‘credits’ is used to refer to services rendered by Australians to the rest of the world and the term ‘debits’ to describe services provided by the rest of the world to Australians.
Most of Australia’s trade in services relates to international transport, travel, education and business services. However, there are also cultural services such as audio visual and related services, which includes royalties in television, theatrical film, video tapes and music. Australia earned $163m from cultural services in 2008-09, with $88m coming from television royalties and $57m coming from other film, TV and multimedia royalties.
Australia paid $1,329m to other countries for cultural services in 2008-09, with television royalties accounting for $837m (63%) and home entertainment royalties a further $342m (26%). This represented just over 2% of all Australia's total payments for services in that year.
7.7 TRADE IN SELECTED CULTURAL SERVICES - 2002-03 to 2008-09 |
|
 | | | 2002-03 | 2003-04 | 2004-05 | 2005-06 | 2006-07 | 2007-08 | 2008-09 |
| | | $m | $m | $m | $m | $m | $m | $m |
|
| Credits | | | | | | | |
| Audiovisual and related services | | | | | | | |
| | Film royalties | 21 | 13 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 9 | 4 |
| | Television royalties | 89 | 130 | 94 | 131 | 88 | 169 | 88 |
| | Home entertainment royalties | 8 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 7 |
| | Other audiovisual related royalties | - | - | - | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 |
| | Other film, TV and multimedia royalties | 92 | 57 | 48 | 75 | 71 | 67 | 57 |
| | Total | 210 | 205 | 148 | 215 | 169 | 253 | 159 |
| Audiovisual services n.i.e | 24 | 17 | 9 | 12 | 5 | 1 | 4 |
| Total credits | 234 | 222 | 157 | 227 | 174 | 254 | 163 |
| Debits | | | | | | | |
| Audiovisual and related services | | | | | | | |
| | Film royalties | -80 | -76 | -72 | -85 | -96 | -65 | -76 |
| | Television royalties | -481 | -526 | -560 | -513 | -538 | -572 | -837 |
| | Home entertainment royalties | -158 | -170 | -157 | -237 | -234 | -270 | -342 |
| | Other audiovisual related royalties | - | - | - | -18 | -36 | -51 | -33 |
| | Other film, TV and multimedia royalties | -12 | -4 | -78 | -16 | -20 | -25 | -17 |
| | Total | -731 | -776 | -867 | -869 | -924 | -983 | -1 305 |
| Audiovisual services n.i.e | -4 | -4 | -39 | -18 | -17 | -39 | -24 |
| Total debits | -735 | -780 | -906 | -887 | -941 | -1 022 | -1 329 |
|
| - nil or rounded to zero (including null cells) |
| Source: International Trade in Services by Country, by State and by Detailed Services Category, 2008-09 (cat. no. 5368.0.55.003); ABS data available on request, International Trade in Services, 2008-09. |
TRADE IN SERVICES BY COUNTRY
During 2008-09, Australia received $234m in royalty credits for music, film, television programs and video tapes, from trade with other countries. The majority of credits (87% or $204m) were from OECD countries, while 13% ($31m) were from non-OECD countries. Australia received $67m in royalty credits for music, film, television programs and video tapes from New Zealand, $65m from the USA and $34m from the UK.
In the same period, Australia accrued royalty debits worth $1,593m for selected cultural trades, with the vast majority (97%) paid to OECD countries. This can be attributed to a 61% increase in television programs debits. In 2008-09, Australia paid $892m to the USA for music, film, television programs and video tape royalties, which equates to more than half (56%) of all cultural debits.
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