TRADE IN SERVICES
The previous section provided information on trade in cultural goods (i.e. movable goods that cross Australia's customs frontier). While this is a major part of Australia's cultural trade with other countries, trade in services also contributes to Australia's trade in culture and recreation.
The term ‘credits’ is used to refer to services rendered by Australians to the rest of the world and the term ‘debits’ to describe services provided by the rest of the world to Australians.
Most of Australia’s trade in services relates to international transport, travel, education and business services. However, there are also cultural services such as Audio visual and related services, which includes royalties in television, theatrical film, video tapes and music. Australia earned $287m from cultural services in 2007-08, approximately 0.6% of its total earnings from services in that year.
Australia paid $1,211m to other countries for cultural services in 2007-08, with Audio visual and related services accounting for 81% of that total and music royalties a further 19%. This represented 2% of all Australia's total payments for services in that year.
For Audio visual and related services, Australia's largest earnings came from the sale of television programs. In 2007-08, television program sales totalled $129m, up from $87m in 2006-07.
Television programs also accounted $572m of a total of $984m of payments Australia made for Audio visual and related services. Payments for the right to use video tapes totalled $271m.
7.7 TRADE IN SELECTED CULTURAL SERVICES - 2001-02 to 2007-08 |
|
 | | | 2001-02 | 2002-03 | 2003-04 | 2004-05 | 2005-06 | 2006-07 | 2007-08 |
| | | $m | $m | $m | $m | $m | $m | $m |
|
| Credits | | | | | | | |
| Audio visual and related services | | | | | | | |
| | Theatrical film (Cinema) royalties | - | 22 | 13 | 3 | 6 | 5 | 9 |
| | Televison program royalties | 93 | 89 | 130 | 94 | 129 | 87 | 129 |
| | Video tape royalties | 2 | 8 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 5 |
| | Other royalties(a) | 32 | 92 | 56 | 49 | 78 | 73 | 71 |
| | Total(b) | 127 | 211 | 205 | 149 | 214 | 168 | 215 |
| Music royalties | 58 | 70 | 42 | 48 | 41 | 53 | 72 |
| Total credits | 185 | 281 | 247 | 197 | 255 | 221 | 287 |
| Debits | | | | | | | |
| Audio visual and related services | | | | | | | |
| | Theatrical film (Cinema) royalties | -90 | -80 | -76 | -78 | -85 | -96 | -65 |
| | Televison program royalties | -532 | -481 | -526 | -610 | -539 | -538 | -572 |
| | Video tape royalties | -146 | -159 | -170 | -170 | -225 | -235 | -271 |
| | Other royalties(a) | -9 | -12 | -4 | -9 | -20 | -56 | -77 |
| | Total(b) | -777 | -732 | -776 | -867 | -869 | -925 | -984 |
| Music royalties | -266 | -244 | -209 | -255 | -213 | -208 | -227 |
| Total debits | -1 043 | -976 | -985 | -1 122 | -1 082 | -1 133 | -1 211 |
|
| - nil or rounded to zero (including null cells) |
| (a) Includes Multimedia royalties. |
| (b) Includes audio visual, sporting and entertainment. |
| Source: International Trade in Services by Country, by State and by Detailed Services Category, 2007-08 (cat. no. 5368.0.55.003); ABS data available on request, International Trade in Services, 2007-08. |
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