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EARNINGS, INCOME AND ECONOMIC SITUATION
This section on Earnings, Income and Economic situation includes the Key and Related series for the following Indicators:
Earnings
Main source of income at retirement
Superannuation
Economic Resources
Financial Stress
EARNINGS
Key Series
FEMALE TO MALE RATE RATIO (a) OF NON-MANAGERIAL ADULT HOURLY ORDINARY TIME CASH EARNINGS (b)(c)(d)(e)(f)
|
 | 2006 | 2008 | 2010 | 2012 | 2014 |
|
| Rate ratio | Rate ratio | Rate ratio | Rate ratio | Rate ratio |
|
| Mean | 0.89 | 0.87 | 0.89 | 0.88 | 0.87 |
| Median | 0.92 | 0.91 | 0.93 | 0.91 | 0.90 |
(a) The rate ratio is calculated by dividing female earnings for each respective year by male earnings for the same year. For more information see Glossary (Economic security).
(b) Data based on employees. For more information see Glossary (Economic security).
(c) For 2006-2012, adult employees are 21 years of age or over, or employees under 21 years old who are paid at the full adult rate for their occupation. From 2014, the definition of 'Adult rate of pay' excludes employees over 21 years of age on apprentice or trainee, and disability rates of pay.
(d) For a definition of 'Ordinary time cash earnings' see Glossary (Economic security).
(e) Caution should be exercised when comparing data between different years as EEH is not designed as a time series. See Chapter 30 of Labour Statistics: Concepts, Sources and Methods (cat. no. 6102.0.55.001) for further details on these changes.
(f) The survey refers to the last pay period ending on or before 19 May 2006, 15 August 2008, 21 May 2010, 18 May 2012 and 16 May 2014.
Source: ABS data available on request, Survey of Employee Earnings and Hours. |
Related Series
FEMALE TO MALE RATE RATIO (a) OF ADULT WEEKLY TOTAL CASH EARNINGS (b)(c)(d)(e)(f)
|
| 2006 | 2008 | 2010 | 2012 | 2014 |
|
| Rate ratio | Rate ratio | Rate ratio | Rate ratio | Rate ratio |
|
| Mean | 0.67 | 0.67 | 0.69 | 0.68 | 0.66 |
| Median | 0.72 | 0.71 | 0.73 | 0.72 | 0.69 |
(a) The rate ratio is calculated by dividing female earnings for each respective year by male earnings for the same year. For more information see Glossary (Economic security).
(b) Data based on employees. For more information see Glossary (Economic security).
(c) For 2006-2012, adult employees are 21 years of age or over, or employees under 21 years old who are paid at the full adult rate for their occupation. From 2014, the definition of 'Adult rate of pay' excludes employees over 21 years of age on apprentice or trainee, and disability rates of pay.
(d) Total cash earnings of employees is equal to ordinary time earnings plus overtime earnings.
(e) Caution should be exercised when comparing data between different years as EEH is not designed as a time series. See Chapter 30 of Labour Statistics: Concepts, Sources and Methods (cat. no. 6102.0.55.001) for further details on these changes.
(f) The survey refers to the last pay period ending on or before 19 May 2006, 15 August 2008, 21 May 2010, 18 May 2012 and 16 May 2014.
Source: ABS data available on request, Survey of Employee Earnings and Hours. |
MAIN SOURCE OF INCOME AT RETIREMENT
Key Series
PERSONS NOT IN LABOUR FORCE, MAIN SOURCE OF PERSONAL INCOME IS SUPERANNUATION OR ANNUITY (a), 65 years and over
|
| 2003–04 | 2005–06 | 2007–08 | 2009–10 | 2011–12 |
|
| % | % | % | % | % |
|
| Males | 16.7 | 16.9 | 19.3 | 17.4 | 18.8 |
| Females | 9.3 | 7.9 | 9.2 | 10.3 | 10.5 |
(a) Males and females aged 65 years and over and not in labour force with main source of income as superannuation or annuity as a proportion of total population aged 65 years and over and not in labour force for each sex.
Source: ABS data available on request, Survey of Income and Housing. |
SUPERANNUATION
Key Series
SUPERANNUATION AT, OR APPROACHING PRESERVATION AGE (55–64 YEARS) (a)(b)(c)
|
| 2003-04 | | 2005-06 | | 2009-10 | | 2011-12 |
|
| Males | | Females | | Males | | Females | | Males | | Females | | Males | | Females |
| $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ |
|
| Mean | 160,196 | | 82,675 | | 176,927 | | 108,130 | | 245,743 | | 158,211 | | 252,536 | | 144,461 |
| Median | 78,000 | | 36,207 | | 80,000 | | 44,814 | | 116,603 | | 62,000 | | 107,000 | | 64,942 |
(a) Includes all superannuation accounts whether in accumulation or drawdown phase.
(b) Excludes people with a zero superannuation balance and people without a superannuation account.
(c) Preservation age is the minimum age a super fund member may be able to access their preserved benefits and depends on when they were born. Preservation ages currently range from 55 years to 60 years of age. For further information see Glossary (Economic security).
Source: ABS data available on request, Survey of Income and Housing |
Related Series
SUPERANNUATION BALANCE BY AGE GROUP (YEARS) (a)(b)
|
| 2003-04 | | 2005-06 | | 2009-10 | | 2011-12 |
|
| Males | | Females | | Males | | Females | | Males | | Females | | Males | | Females |
| $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ |
|
| 15-24 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Mean | 3,436 | | 2,984 | | 4,218 | | 3,615 | | 5,726 | | 3,873 | | 5,838 | | 4,589 |
| Median | 1,960 | | 1,319 | | 2,000 | | 1,700 | | 3,000 | | 2,000 | | 3,000 | | 2,102 |
| 25-34 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Mean | 18,391 | | 14,928 | | 21,912 | | 16,687 | | 26,483 | | 20,203 | | 28,820 | | 21,939 |
| Median | 12,000 | | 8,998 | | 15,000 | | 11,000 | | 18,000 | | 13,000 | | 19,000 | | 15,000 |
| 35-44 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Mean | 46,354 | | 23,510 | | 53,662 | | 32,852 | | 63,125 | | 43,646 | | 67,116 | | 49,267 |
| Median | 25,245 | | 11,500 | | 30,000 | | 17,000 | | 41,000 | | 24,993 | | 45,394 | | 30,000 |
| 45-54 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Mean | 93,300 | | 43,506 | | 107,575 | | 60,576 | | 126,585 | | 67,161 | | 136,905 | | 80,756 |
| Median | 45,000 | | 18,000 | | 52,000 | | 25,000 | | 70,000 | | 33,000 | | 75,000 | | 40,000 |
| 55-64 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Mean | 160,196 | | 82,675 | | 176,927 | | 108,130 | | 245,743 | | 158,211 | | 252,536 | | 144,461 |
| Median | 78,000 | | 36,207 | | 80,000 | | 44,814 | | 116,603 | | 62,000 | | 107,000 | | 64,942 |
| 65-69 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Mean | 182,540 | | 131,353 | | 214,104 | | 186,126 | | 302,589 | | 215,009 | | 290,946 | | 228,497 |
| Median | 103,023 | | 91,000 | | 121,470 | | 100,000 | | 118,609 | | 149,859 | | 139,985 | | 129,874 |
| 70 and over | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Mean | 136,448 | | 113,892 | | *229,001 | | 130,698 | | 253,260 | | 216,919 | | 267,198 | | 195,326 |
| Median | 98,361 | | 82,000 | | 88,696 | | 78,823 | | 120,000 | | 92,000 | | 101,990 | | 100,000 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total superannuation balance (15+) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Mean | 65,587 | | 32,739 | | 78,444 | | 45,508 | | 104,659 | | 65,817 | | 111,749 | | 68,494 |
| Median | 21,501 | | 10,000 | | 25,000 | | 14,715 | | 35,025 | | 20,000 | | 40,000 | | 25,000 |
(a) Includes all superannuation accounts whether in accumulation or drawdown phase.
(b) Excludes people with a zero superannuation balance and people without a superannuation account.
Source: ABS data available on request, Survey of Income and Housing |
ECONOMIC RESOURCES
Key Series
PERSONS LIVING IN LOW ECONOMIC RESOURCE (a) HOUSEHOLDS (b), 15 years and over
|
| 2003-04 | 2005-06 | 2009-10 | 2011-12 |
|
| % | % | % | % |
|
| Males | 18.4 | 18.4 | 17.9 | 18.6 |
| Females | 20.6 | 20.9 | 20.0 | 20.1 |
(a) Persons in the lowest two quintiles of both equivalised adjusted disposable household income (adjusted to include imputed rent) and equivalised household net worth.
(b) Income estimates from 2009-10 and 2011-12 are not directly comparable with estimates for 2003-04 and 2005-06 due to improvements made to measuring income.
Source: ABS data available on request, Survey of Income and Housing. |
Related Series
PERSONS LIVING IN LOW INCOME (a) HOUSEHOLDS (b), 15 years and over
|
| 2003-04 | 2005-06 | 2009-10 | 2011-12 |
|
| % | % | % | % |
|
| Males | 17.2 | 17.5 | 17.3 | 17.8 |
| Females | 19.7 | 19.5 | 18.5 | 19.0 |
(a) Persons in the lowest quintile of equivalised adjusted disposable household income (adjusted to include imputed rent).
(b) Income estimates from 2009-10 and 2011-12 are not directly comparable with estimates for 2003-04 and 2005-06 due to improvements made to measuring income.
Source: ABS data available on request, Survey of Income and Housing. |
PERSONS LIVING IN LOW WEALTH (a) HOUSEHOLDS, 15 years and over
|
| 2003-04 | 2005-06 | 2009-10 | 2011-12 |
|
| % | % | % | % |
|
| Males | 18.1 | 18.4 | 17.8 | 18.7 |
| Females | 19.1 | 19.0 | 18.6 | 18.8 |
(a) Persons in the lowest quintile of equivalised household net worth.
Source: ABS data available on request, Survey of Income and Housing. |
FINANCIAL STRESS
Key Series
PERSONS, PROPORTION LIVING IN HOUSEHOLDS WITH ONE OR MORE CASH FLOW PROBLEMS (a)(b)
15 years and over
|
| 2003-04 | 2009-10 |
|
| % | % |
|
| Males | 18.5 | 16.2 |
| Females | 20.1 | 17.2 |
|
(a) For definition of 'cash flow problems' see Glossary (Economic Security).
(b) Males and females aged 15 years and over living in households with one or more cash flow problems as a proportion of total population for each sex.
Source: ABS data available on request, Household Expenditure Survey.
Related Series
PERSONS, PROPORTION LIVING IN HOUSEHOLDS UNABLE TO RAISE $2,000 FOR AN EMERGENCY (a)
15 years and over
|
| 2003-04 | 2009-10 |
|
| % | % |
|
| Males | 12.2 | 12.8 |
| Females | 14.0 | 14.4 |
|
(a) Males and females aged 15 years and over living in households unable to raise $2,000 for an emergency as a proportion of total population for each sex.
Source: ABS data available on request, Household Expenditure Survey.
Definitions of the concepts presented above can be found in the Economic Security Glossary (under the Explanatory Notes tab). More detailed information can be found in the Economic Security Data Cube (under the Downloads tab).
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