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Possible indicators for this dimension are:

CHARACTERISTIC: Research Base and Potential for Knowledge Creation

INDICATORS:

• Total R&D expenditure by sector of performance (business, government, private non-profit, higher education), as a proportion of GDP
• Total R&D expenditure by sector of performance
• Expenditure on basic research by sector of performance (business, government, private non-profit, higher education), as a proportion of GDP
• Expenditure on basic research by broad discipline, by sector of performance, as a proportion of GDP
• Expenditure on business R&D by business size
  Source:
  ABS Research and Experimental Development - Businesses (Survey of)
  ABS Research and Experimental Development - General Government (Survey of)
  ABS Research and Experimental Development - Higher Education Sector (Survey of)
  ABS Research and Experimental Development - Private Non Profit Sector (Survey of)
• Number of scientific and technical publications per capita
  Source:
  OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard

• Expenditure on applied research and experimental development by sector of performance, as a proportion of GDP
• Business R&D expenditure by broad industry and by technology intensity of industry
  Source:
  ABS Research and Experimental Development - Businesses (Survey of)
  ABS Research and Experimental Development - General Government (Survey of)
  ABS Research and Experimental Development - Higher Education Sector (Survey of)
  ABS Research and Experimental Development - Private Non Profit Sector (Survey of)
• Number of Australian resident patents in 'triadic' patent families (European Patent Office, US Patent and Trademark Office and the Japanese Patent Office) per million population
  Source:
  OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard
• Number of international patent applications filed with the World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO) by country of origin.
  Source:
  World Intellectual Property Organisation
• Inventiveness co-efficient: number of resident patent applications per capita
• Patent applications filed in Australia in particular fields
  Source:
  IPAustralia
  ABS Population Estimates

No indicators are proposed at this stage.

• Business funding of R&D performed by other sectors as a proportion of total R&D expenditure
• Proportion of Australian business R&D funded from overseas
• Proportion of business R&D performed overseas but funded locally
  Source:
  ABS Research and Experimental Development - Businesses (Survey of)
  ABS Research and Experimental Development - General Government (Survey of)
  ABS Research and Experimental Development - Higher Education Sector (Survey of)
  ABS Research and Experimental Development - Private Non Profit Sector (Survey of)
• Number of international strategic alliances between firms
• Cross-border ownership of inventions, proportion of patent applications
• Citation of scientific inventions in United States patents
• International co-operation in science and technology: proportion of scientific publications with foreign co-authors
• International co-operation in science and technology: proportion of patents with foreign co-inventors
  Source:
  OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard
• International mobility of human capital: non national human resources in science and technology
  Source:
  ABS Population and Housing (Census of)
• International mobility of students: enrolled tertiary students who are not Australian citizens, proportion of total enrolment
  Source:
  OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard
  Department of Education Science and Training/The Overseas Student Data Collection

• Proportion of manufacturing businesses which are innovative by business size, industry and broad type of innovation (product, process or organisational).
• Expenditure on technological innovation by manufacturing businesses by business size, industry and type of innovation (R&D, acquisition of technology etc
  Source:
  ABS Innovation in Industry

• Number of business startups (by Australian adults per capita)
• Proportion of small and medium enterprises by industry (in growth industries defined in terms of both employment and output )
  Source:
  ABS Business Growth and Performance Survey

• Government funded expenditure on R&D as a proportion of GDP by level of government
  Source:
  ABS Research and Experimental Development - Businesses (Survey of)
  ABS Research and Experimental Development - General Government (Survey of)
  ABS Research and Experimental Development - Private Non Profit Sector (Survey of)
• Government budget appropriations or outlays for R&D as a proportion of GDP
• Federal government financial support for science and innovation, by type of activity and theme
  Source:
  Department of Industry Tourism and Resources/Science and Technology Budget Statement
• Value of venture capital provided as a proportion of GDP
  Source:
  ABS Financial Information (Survey of)

• General lack of data on the value of intangible assets
• Lack of direct information on knowledge networks and business alliances and business clusters
• Data on business spin-offs from higher education institutions
• Innovation indicators from 1996-97 are restricted to the manufacturing and mining industries
• Recent data on the proportion of firms which are innovative, by age and size of firm, and industry (latest data are in respect of 1996-97).
• Lack of indicators for 'other' knowledge creation

• Education system indicators (Human capital)
• Researchers as a proportion of the labour force (Human capital)
• Human resources devoted to science & technology (Human capital)
• Immigration and emigration of skilled people (Human capital).