INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SPORTS AND PHYSICAL RECREATION PRODUCTS
International trade statistics are compiled from information supplied to Customs by exporters and importers or their agents. There are 1.2 million export transactions and 5 million import transactions recorded each year, many of which are small value records. Due to the sheer volume of transactions involved, and the limited resources available to undertake checks, the large bulk of transactions included in international trade statistics are 'as reported to Customs'. ABS editing resources are mostly focussed on editing large value records. The majority of data about international trade in sports and physical recreation products relate to small value records, which are 'as reported to Customs'. To find out more about the quality of international trade data, refer to the ABS publication Information Paper: Ensuring International Trade Data Quality, 2001 (cat. no. 5498.0.55.001).
There are some sports and physical recreation products for which trade data is not separately available, primarily because they are parts of larger product categories predominantly out of scope of the ACLC Product Classification. Sports apparel is one example. The various items of sports apparel are not separately identified in trade statistics, but are instead included in parts of more general clothing categories. Another example is automatic bowling alley equipment which, for the purposes of international trade, is part of the category Other articles for funfair, table or parlour games. This category is predominantly in scope of the Other leisure products part of the ACLC Product Classification and hence is excluded from data concerning international trade in sports and physical recreation products.
Australia's trade in the selected sports and physical recreation goods is in deficit. Imports of these goods during 2005-06 were valued at $1,925.8m. This is almost four times the $483.2m in sports and physical recreation goods which was exported during that year. The category of Boats, yachts and other vessels for pleasure or sports ($230.3m) was the main contributor to the overall export figure, followed by Horses with $114.4m. Together these categories accounted for over 70% of total exports. At $474.6m; the category of Boats, yachts and other vessels for pleasure or sports was also the main contributor to the overall import figure. Maintaining the nautical theme, it was followed by Marine outboard motors (spark ignition only) with $208.2m. Their combined contribution to total imports was just over 35%.
The main sources of imported sports and physical recreation goods during 2005-06 were China ($585.3m) and the United States of America ($473.0m), together accounting for over half of all imports of these goods. The United States of America was also the second largest market for exported sports and physical recreation goods ($105.4m), while the largest market was New Zealand ($126.9m). The combined purchases by these countries of Australian sports and physical recreation exports accounted for close to half the total (48.1%).
Australia's international trade in sports and physical recreation services is relatively small. As a result, sports and physical recreation services are not identified separately in trade statistics, but are instead combined with other recreation services, cultural services (excluding audiovisual and related services and music royalties), and (often) health and medical services. In 2005-06, Australia recorded its third successive deficit for trade in these combined services. Earnings came to $114m, compared with payments overseas of $122m. Both of these amounts included health and medical services.
Exports of sports and physical recreation goods
Sports and physical recreation goods exported from Australia during 2005-06 were valued at $483.2m, 10.7% higher than the $436.6m recorded for 2004-05, but only 2.0% above the previous high of $473.9m achieved in 2002-03.
Since 1999-2000, the product categories Horses and Boats, yachts and other vessels for pleasure or sports have been the dominant contributors to the total value of sports and physical recreation goods exported. During that time, their combined contribution has always exceeded 60%. For Boats, yachts and other vessels for pleasure or sports, the value (in current prices) increased for all years except 2003-04, and the 2005-06 figure of $230.3m is well over double the $102.6m recorded for 1999-2000. Exports of Horses have fluctuated over the same period and sit at $114.4m for 2005-06.
Other product categories which have made substantial contributions to total exports since 1999-2000 are Other articles and equipment for sports or physical recreation, swimming pools and paddling pools; Water-skis, surf-boards, sailboards and other water sports equipment; and Golf clubs and other golf equipment. For 2005-06, these categories contributed exports worth $22.2m, $21.7m and $12.1m respectively.
11.4 EXPORTS OF SELECTED SPORTS AND PHYSICAL RECREATION GOODS(a) |
|  |
| 1999-00 | 2000-01 | 2001-02 | 2002-03 | 2003-04 | 2004-05 | 2005-06 | |
| $m | $m | $m | $m | $m | $m | $m | |
| |
| Horses | 95.5 | 93.3 | 129.9 | 121.3 | 117.1 | 101.9 | 114.4 | |
| Tents | 1.0 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 0.9 | 1.7 | 1.8 | |
| Sleeping bags | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.5 | |
| Other camping goods of textile fabric | 1.6 | 0.8 | 1.3 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.6 | |
| Parachutes | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 1.3 | 0.5 | 0.2 | |
| Track suits | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.3 | - | |
| Ski suits | - | 0.1 | 0.2 | - | 0.2 | 0.1 | - | |
| Swimwear for men and boys | 2.4 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 2.1 | 1.1 | |
| Swimwear for women and girls | 5.0 | 6.3 | 5.3 | 7.3 | 9.7 | 12.9 | 10.6 | |
| Saddlery and harness, for any animal, of any material | 6.2 | 6.0 | 8.3 | 7.6 | 7.1 | 7.1 | 5.9 | |
| Sports or physical recreation footwear | 8.6 | 8.1 | 8.3 | 9.1 | 7.7 | 6.0 | 8.3 | |
| Snow skis, other snow ski equipment, ice skates and rollerskates | 2.1 | 1.8 | 4.1 | 3.1 | 3.3 | 2.2 | 0.9 | |
| Waterskis, surfboards, sailboards and other water sports equipment | 23.8 | 23.2 | 25.4 | 19.0 | 19.6 | 21.2 | 21.7 | |
| Gymnasium or athletics articles and equipment | 9.4 | 10.2 | 13.2 | 13.6 | 11.2 | 10.0 | 9.6 | |
| Gloves, mittens and mitts of leather or composition leather, designed for use in sports | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.4 | |
| Golf clubs and other golf equipment | 11.3 | 40.9 | 27.6 | 41.5 | 18.0 | 7.7 | 12.1 | |
| Tennis, badminton and similar racquets | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 1.2 | 0.7 | |
| Sports balls | 3.1 | 3.0 | 3.9 | 4.3 | 3.7 | 2.6 | 4.4 | |
| Fishing rods and other line fishing tackle; fish landing nets, butterfly and similar nets; decoy 'birds' and similar hunting or shooting requisites | 4.2 | 4.8 | 6.0 | 4.3 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 5.7 | |
| Billiard articles and accessories | 1.4 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Sporting, hunting or target-shooting shotguns and rifles | 1.3 | 0.9 | 1.8 | 2.2 | 2.6 | 2.9 | 2.5 | |
| Articles and equipment for table-tennis | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | - | |
| Other articles and equipment for sports or physical recreation; swimming pools and paddling pools | 10.2 | 10.7 | 15.6 | 19.3 | 19.9 | 22.4 | 22.2 | |
| Snowmobiles; and golf cars and similar vehicles | 3.0 | 3.9 | 2.7 | 2.3 | 2.0 | 1.1 | 2.1 | |
| Bicycles and other cycles, not motorised | 1.2 | 1.6 | 2.4 | 3.0 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.3 | |
| Boats, yachts and other vessels for pleasure or sports | 102.6 | 144.3 | 185.6 | 186.8 | 123.3 | 199.9 | 230.3 | |
| Inflatable craft for pleasure or sports | 0.2 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 1.5 | 0.8 | 1.9 | 0.8 | |
| Sails | 1.7 | 2.3 | 3.3 | 2.9 | 4.2 | 3.5 | 3.3 | |
| Spark-ignition marine outboard motors | 13.2 | 8.5 | 8.2 | 13.5 | 14.0 | 15.3 | 17.2 | |
| Gliders and hang gliders | 1.3 | 3.8 | 4.2 | 3.7 | 1.8 | 1.2 | 0.4 | |
| Balloons and dirigibles and other non-powered aircraft | 1.1 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.6 | |
| Total | 312.4 | 380.7 | 463.4 | 473.9 | 381.8 | 436.6 | 483.2 | |
| |
| - nil or rounded to zero (including null cells) |
| (a) All data are presented in Australian dollars using 'Free on Board' valuations. |
| Source: International Trade, Australia: FASTRACCS SERVICE - Electronic Delivery, 2007 (cat.no. 5466.0). |
Destination of exports
Throughout the period 1999-2000 to 2005-06, New Zealand and the United States of America have been the major destinations for sports and physical recreation goods exported from Australia. For 2005-06, exports to New Zealand were higher at $126.9m compared with $105.4m. Exports to the United States were triple the $35.3m worth of goods exported to Hong Kong (SAR of China) which was the third-placed export destination.
The levels of exports of sports and physical recreation goods received by individual countries have a tendency to show quite large fluctuations over time. Exports to Italy jumped to $23m for 2004-05 and 2005-06 after averaging $7.6m for the previous five years. Exports to South Africa had averaged $5.8m from 1999-2000 to 2004-05 but rose to $14.0m in 2005-06. After not exceeding $200,000 from 1999-2000 to 2004-05, exports to Turkey reached $8.2m in 2005-06. Exports to Spain rose to $12.6m in 2004-05, but dropped back to $4.7m in 2005-06.
One reason why exports of sports and physical recreation goods may fluctuate considerably is that a small number of relatively large value items are a major component of this trade (e.g. Boats and Horses). Relatively small fluctuations in the volume of exports of these goods can have a relatively large impact on the value of exports to an individual country.
11.5 EXPORTS OF SELECTED SPORTS AND PHYSICAL RECREATION GOODS(a), By destination |
| |
| 1999-00 | 2000-01 | 2001-02 | 2002-03 | 2003-04 | 2004-05 | 2005-06 | |
| Country of destination | $m | $m | $m | $m | $m | $m | $m | |
| |
| New Zealand | 75.9 | 75.6 | 94.7 | 106.8 | 94.7 | 108.8 | 126.9 | |
| United States of America | 65.2 | 90.6 | 95.5 | 96.7 | 63.2 | 95.4 | 105.4 | |
| Hong Kong (SAR of China) | 29.8 | 31.3 | 43.2 | 39.5 | 34.9 | 29.2 | 35.3 | |
| Italy | 5.4 | 5.0 | 6.6 | 10.9 | 10.1 | 22.6 | 23.0 | |
| Japan | 23.3 | 26.1 | 26.1 | 22.9 | 14.7 | 17.8 | 16.8 | |
| South Africa | 6.2 | 4.4 | 4.8 | 5.6 | 4.8 | 8.8 | 14.0 | |
| United Kingdom | 9.0 | 11.7 | 21.3 | 19.2 | 37.3 | 14.1 | 14.0 | |
| Singapore | 11.2 | 16.8 | 10.5 | 14.4 | 9.7 | 7.9 | 12.8 | |
| New Caledonia | 5.0 | 3.9 | 5.6 | 7.4 | 12.1 | 7.9 | 11.8 | |
| United Arab Emirates | 3.2 | 2.6 | 6.9 | 7.4 | 4.7 | 7.5 | 9.0 | |
| Turkey | - | - | - | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 8.2 | |
| Korea, Republic of | 2.6 | 2.2 | 5.3 | 2.3 | 4.4 | 7.5 | 8.1 | |
| Fiji | 1.6 | 1.8 | 3.1 | 5.6 | 2.9 | 4.7 | 7.7 | |
| Netherlands | 3.8 | 3.2 | 2.4 | 4.6 | 3.1 | 3.5 | 6.5 | |
| Papua New Guinea | 3.2 | 2.9 | 2.6 | 3.9 | 6.7 | 5.0 | 6.4 | |
| China | 9.1 | 10.6 | 2.9 | 3.1 | 3.5 | 4.3 | 5.5 | |
| Canada | 0.6 | 1.3 | 2.6 | 1.9 | 1.5 | 4.7 | 4.8 | |
| Malaysia | 5.3 | 6.0 | 19.8 | 7.1 | 4.5 | 3.8 | 4.8 | |
| Kuwait | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 4.7 | |
| Spain | 5.7 | 4.8 | 6.2 | 6.3 | 4.1 | 12.6 | 4.7 | |
| Other countries | 46.0 | 79.6 | 102.9 | 107.5 | 64.7 | 70.1 | 52.9 | |
| Total | 312.4 | 380.7 | 463.4 | 473.9 | 381.8 | 436.6 | 483.2 | |
| |
| - nil or rounded to zero (including null cells) |
| (a) All data are presented in Australian dollars using 'Free on Board' valuations. |
| Source: International Trade, Australia: FASTRACCS Service - Electronic Delivery, 2007 (cat. no. 5466.0). |
Imports of sports and physical recreation goods
The value (at current prices) of sports and physical recreation goods imported into Australia during 2005-06 was $1,925.8m. This was 15.8% higher than the $1,662.5m recorded for 2004-05 which was the previous highest annual figure achieved during the period from 1999-2000.
Boats, yachts and other vessels for pleasure or sports and Marine outboard motors (spark ignition only) were the product categories which contributed most to total imports of sports and physical recreation goods in 2005-06. These two categories were in the top four in terms of value of goods imported for all of the previous six years. Other categories to appear in the top four in more than one year were Gymnasium or athletics articles and equipment ($203.5m in 2005-06); Bicycles and other cycles, not motorised ($163.6m in 2005-06); and Sports or physical recreation footwear ($155.8m in 2005-06).
Together, the five sports and physical recreation product categories accounted for 62.6% ($1,205.7m) of total imports of sports and physical recreation goods in 2005-06, and not less than 49% of the total in any other year since 1999-2000.
11.6 IMPORTS OF SELECTED SPORTS AND PHYSICAL RECREATION GOODS(a) |
| |
| 1999-00 | 2000-01 | 2001-02 | 2002-03 | 2003-04 | 2004-05 | 2005-06 | |
| $m | $m | $m | $m | $m | $m | $m | |
| |
| Horses | 126.1 | 60.1 | 71.3 | 92.5 | 66.2 | 84.2 | 108.2 | |
| Tents | 26.7 | 35.8 | 36.7 | 34.6 | 32.4 | 43.7 | 52.9 | |
| Sleeping bags | 9.5 | 13.4 | 11.1 | 13.0 | 14.1 | 12.4 | 12.8 | |
| Other camping goods of textile fabric | 5.8 | 6.7 | 8.9 | 6.9 | 7.0 | 7.7 | 9.4 | |
| Parachutes | 6.8 | 5.2 | 3.1 | 5.9 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 5.0 | |
| Track suits | 4.2 | 6.8 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 3.2 | 3.0 | |
| Ski suits | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.6 | |
| Swimwear for men and boys | 3.1 | 3.8 | 7.2 | 7.7 | 8.4 | 14.2 | 14.1 | |
| Swimwear for women and girls | 18.3 | 21.3 | 28.1 | 33.8 | 30.6 | 38.3 | 42.4 | |
| Saddlery and harness, for any animal, of any material | 17.4 | 18.9 | 22.3 | 23.6 | 24.6 | 30.5 | 30.1 | |
| Sports or physical recreation footwear | 135.4 | 146.3 | 166.0 | 187.1 | 148.0 | 159.7 | 155.8 | |
| Snow skis, other snow ski equipment, ice skates and rollerskates | 18.7 | 20.2 | 15.1 | 18.1 | 15.8 | 16.7 | 15.3 | |
| Waterskis, surfboards, sailboards and other water sports equipment | 25.2 | 28.0 | 32.0 | 33.0 | 35.1 | 42.2 | 47.2 | |
| Gymnasium or athletics articles and equipment | 53.2 | 69.8 | 84.6 | 100.6 | 111.4 | 155.1 | 203.5 | |
| Gloves, mittens and mitts of leather or composition leather, designed for use in sports | 10.2 | 10.1 | 10.7 | 12.2 | 10.8 | 10.7 | 11.3 | |
| Golf clubs and other golf equipment | 72.8 | 92.4 | 98.1 | 99.5 | 84.0 | 92.4 | 90.9 | |
| Tennis, badminton and similar racquets | 14.4 | 13.8 | 14.2 | 14.6 | 10.2 | 9.4 | 12.3 | |
| Sports balls | 23.0 | 27.1 | 31.0 | 36.3 | 28.8 | 31.2 | 36.7 | |
| Fishing rods and other line fishing tackle; fish landing nets, butterfly and similar nets; decoy 'birds' and similar hunting and shooting requisites | 47.4 | 58.4 | 65.2 | 58.8 | 57.2 | 59.8 | 68.8 | |
| Billiards articles and accessories | 5.0 | 5.2 | 5.6 | 6.1 | 5.9 | 6.9 | 8.2 | |
| Sporting, hunting or target-shooting shotguns and rifles | 6.6 | 10.2 | 12.0 | 15.9 | 14.2 | 17.1 | 18.6 | |
| Articles and equipment for table-tennis | 1.6 | 1.7 | 2.0 | 2.3 | 2.5 | 3.1 | 4.2 | |
| Other articles and equipment for sports or physical recreation; swimming pools and paddling pools | 66.8 | 130.1 | 65.7 | 67.3 | 64.8 | 74.3 | 85.2 | |
| Snowmobiles; and golf cars and similar vehicles | 10.5 | 14.5 | 13.2 | 13.8 | 13.8 | 21.7 | 21.8 | |
| Bicycles and other cycles, not motorised | 102.9 | 123.4 | 116.4 | 130.8 | 111.4 | 149.9 | 163.6 | |
| Boats, yachts and other vessels for pleasure or sports | 107.3 | 199.2 | 140.1 | 137.5 | 223.1 | 373.6 | 474.6 | |
| Inflatable craft for pleasure or sports | 5.3 | 6.0 | 6.3 | 9.0 | 7.0 | 8.7 | 9.2 | |
| Sails | 2.2 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 3.7 | 4.8 | 4.4 | 4.6 | |
| Spark-ignition marine outboard motors | 120.5 | 140.0 | 156.2 | 174.5 | 172.5 | 182.4 | 208.2 | |
| Gliders and hang gliders | 0.6 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 1.9 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1.6 | |
| Balloons and dirigibles and other non-powered aircraft | 2.3 | 2.5 | 2.9 | 3.9 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 5.5 | |
| Total | 1 050.0 | 1 275.2 | 1 233.9 | 1 349.0 | 1 317.2 | 1 662.5 | 1 925.8 | |
| |
| (a) All data are presented in Australian dollars using the Australian Customs Value. |
| Source: International Trade, Australia: FASTRACCS Service - Electronic Delivery, 2007 (cat. no. 5466.0). |
Origin of imports
Throughout the period 1999-2000 to 2005-06, China and the United States of America have been the major sources of sports and physical recreation goods imported into Australia. For 2005-06, the combined imports from these two countries amounted to $1,058.3m, which was over half the total of all imports of these goods. The $473.0m contributed to this figure by the United States of America placed it second as a source of Australia's imports. This amount was almost triple the $161.5m worth of goods imported from Japan which was the third-placed import source. Following Japan were Taiwan, which provided imports worth $156.9m in 2005-06, the United Kingdom with $102.6m and New Zealand with $96.1m.
These countries were the top six sources of imports for every year of the period 1999-2000 to 2005-06. Together they provided each year between 79% and 82% of Australia's imports of sports and physical recreation goods.
At current prices, imports both from China and from the United States of America have increased by over $200m over the seven-year period. Imports from China more than doubled from $276.9m in 1999-2000 to $585.3m in 2005-06, while imports from the United States of America also more than doubled during this time ($232.6m to $473.0m). New Zealand was the only country of the top six for which the value of imports supplied in 2005-06 ($96.1m) was less than in 1999-2000 ($115.2m).
11.7 IMPORTS OF SELECTED SPORTS AND PHYSICAL RECREATION GOODS(a), By origin |
| |
| 1999-00 | 2000-01 | 2001-02 | 2002-03 | 2003-04 | 2004-05 | 2005-06 | |
| Country of origin | $m | $m | $m | $m | $m | $m | $m | |
| |
| China | 276.9 | 388.5 | 373.4 | 447.6 | 407.4 | 502.9 | 585.3 | |
| United States of America | 232.6 | 282.3 | 266.2 | 261.6 | 274.4 | 381.6 | 473.0 | |
| Japan | 80.3 | 96.5 | 115.4 | 140.8 | 129.1 | 145.6 | 161.5 | |
| Taiwan | 93.4 | 120.0 | 103.7 | 105.3 | 96.5 | 136.5 | 156.9 | |
| United Kingdom | 39.5 | 46.7 | 38.3 | 63.5 | 65.3 | 78.5 | 102.6 | |
| New Zealand | 115.2 | 83.2 | 79.7 | 71.7 | 78.9 | 97.6 | 96.1 | |
| Italy | 21.6 | 35.2 | 24.2 | 24.5 | 27.0 | 29.5 | 36.5 | |
| France | 18.8 | 25.4 | 23.5 | 25.5 | 28.1 | 34.7 | 34.5 | |
| Canada | 14.3 | 18.9 | 16.0 | 15.6 | 18.1 | 22.7 | 29.6 | |
| India | 18.1 | 18.7 | 21.2 | 24.0 | 26.2 | 28.5 | 28.8 | |
| Viet Nam | 16.2 | 22.4 | 28.8 | 25.4 | 20.2 | 25.6 | 24.8 | |
| Thailand | 8.8 | 10.5 | 13.7 | 14.6 | 13.3 | 16.5 | 21.0 | |
| Hong Kong (SAR of China) | 18.7 | 18.9 | 23.1 | 17.0 | 15.5 | 18.5 | 19.9 | |
| Germany | 9.0 | 11.9 | 12.3 | 15.8 | 15.0 | 16.2 | 18.4 | |
| Indonesia | 17.7 | 19.3 | 14.2 | 15.2 | 12.8 | 11.9 | 11.8 | |
| Malaysia | 6.9 | 8.9 | 9.3 | 9.5 | 9.6 | 10.5 | 10.9 | |
| Singapore | 3.9 | 6.1 | 4.2 | 4.1 | 6.2 | 9.2 | 9.4 | |
| Korea, Republic of | 11.7 | 13.3 | 11.4 | 8.7 | 5.9 | 7.0 | 8.3 | |
| Pakistan | 4.2 | 4.5 | 5.8 | 6.5 | 5.6 | 5.5 | 7.2 | |
| Denmark | 2.7 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 1.8 | 2.5 | 2.9 | 5.4 | |
| Other countries | 39.3 | 40.8 | 46.2 | 50.1 | 59.9 | 80.6 | 83.9 | |
| Total | 1 050.0 | 1 275.2 | 1 233.9 | 1 349.0 | 1 317.2 | 1 662.5 | 1 925.8 | |
| |
| (a) All data are presented in Australian dollars using the Australian Customs Value. |
| Source: International Trade, Australia: FASTRACCS Service - Electronic Delivery, 2007 (cat. no. 5466.0). |
Balance of trade in sports and physical recreation goods
The countries shown in graph 11.8 were Australia's major trading partners in sports and physical recreation goods for 2005-06. That is, they were the countries with which total transactions (exports and imports) were greatest. Australia had a trade deficit with most of these countries in 2005-06. The largest trade deficit was with China ($579.8m), followed by the United States of America ($367.6m), Taiwan ($155.0m) and Japan ($144.7m). Australia's largest trade surplus in sports and physical recreation goods was with New Zealand ($30.8m), while Hong Kong (SAR of China) was the only other major trading partner with which Australia had a trade surplus ($15.4m).
11.8 BALANCE OF TRADE IN SELECTED SPORTS AND PHYSICAL RECREATION GOODS - 2005-06
International trade in sports and physical recreation services
In addition to trade in goods, there are also flows of funds between Australia and other countries for the export and import of services relating to sports and physical recreation. Export dollars that flow into Australia as a result of services supplied overseas by Australian residents are termed service credits. These include gross receipts from overseas tours by Australian sporting teams, prize moneys and appearance fees earned overseas by Australian sportspersons, and management and entrepreneurial services provided by Australian residents. Amounts paid to non-residents in the form of prize money, appearance fees or management fees are payments for the importation of sports and physical recreation services and are termed service debits.
Australia's international trade in sports and physical recreation services is relatively small. As a result, sports and physical recreation services are not identified separately in trade statistics, but are instead combined with other recreation services, cultural services (excluding audiovisual and related services and music royalties), and (often) health and medical services.
International trade in audiovisual and related services includes payments for the broadcast rights to sporting fixtures, but these payments are not recorded separately in the trade statistics. However, it has been determined that the service credits of $1,460m for audiovisual and related services in 2000-01 included $1,025m associated with the broadcast rights for the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games.
11.9 INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SPORTS, RECREATION, CULTURAL, HEALTH AND MEDICAL SERVICES(a) |
| |
| CREDITS (EARNINGS) | DEBITS (PAYMENTS) | EXCESS OF CREDITS OVER DEBITS | |
| Sport, recreation and culture(a) | Health and medical | Total | Sport, recreation and culture(a) | Health and medical | Total | Sport, recreation and culture(a) | Health and medical | Total | |
| $m | $m | $m | $m | $m | $m | $m | $m | $m | |
| |
| 1999-00 | np | np | 87 | np | np | 77 | np | np | 10 | |
| 2000-01 | np | np | 109 | np | np | 97 | np | np | 12 | |
| 2001-02 | 153 | 6 | 159 | np | np | 93 | np | np | 66 | |
| 2002-03 | 136 | 10 | 146 | 98 | 22 | 120 | 38 | -12 | 26 | |
| 2003-04 | 88 | 22 | 110 | np | np | 130 | np | np | -20 | |
| 2004-05 | 56 | 7 | 63 | 142 | 41 | 183 | -86 | -34 | -120 | |
| 2005-06 | np | np | 114 | np | np | 122 | np | np | -8 | |
| |
| np not available for publication but included in totals where applicable, unless otherwise indicated |
| (a) Excludes audiovisual and related services, and music royalties. |
| Source: International Trade in Services by Country, by State and by Detailed Services Category, Financial Year, 2005-06 (cat. no. 5368.0.55.003). |
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