1301.0 - Year Book Australia, 2007  
ARCHIVED ISSUE Released at 11:30 AM (CANBERRA TIME) 24/01/2007   
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Contents >> Mining >> Production and trade of major minerals, oil, gas and petroleum

PRODUCTION AND TRADE OF MAJOR MINERALS, OIL, GAS AND PETROLEUM

MINERAL, OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION

Table 16.16 shows the quantity produced for selected minerals, oil and gas. In the period 2000-01 to 2004-05 the most significant increases in production were for manganese ore and concentrate (85%), diamonds (44%) and iron ore and concentrates (43%). The steady increase in iron ore and concentrate production over this period was driven by increased production in Western Australia, which accounts for 98% of Australian production. There was also a steady increase in saleable black coal, natural gas and titanium dioxide pigment.

Production of gold, ilmenite, rutile, zinc ore, crude oil and lead decreased between 2000-01 and 2004-05 with the largest falls recorded for crude oil (34%) and rutile (17%). Diamond production changed significantly during the period with increases of 36% in 2001-02, 4% in 2002-03 and 33% in 2004-05; and decreases of 24% in both 2000-01 and 2003-04.


16.16 MINERAL, OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION, Selected minerals, oil and gas
Units
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
Percentage change
from 2000-01 to
2004-05
Metallic minerals
BauxiteMt
55
54
54
56
58
5.5
Copper ore and concentrate’000 t
2,577
2,590
2,555
2,340
2,672
3.7
Gold in mine products(a)t
296
265
278
267
266
-10.1
Iron ore and concentrateMt
176
185
199
223
252
43.2
Lead ore and concentrate’000 t
1,000
1,020
970
960
997
-0.3
Manganese ore and concentrate’000 t
1,948
1,850
2,472
3,094
3,606
85.1
Nickel in mine products(a)’000 t
195
193
183
185
192
-1.5
Ilmenite’000 t
2,092
1,843
2,069
1,910
2,006
-4.1
Rutile’000 t
209
207
208
154
174
-16.7
Synthetic rutile’000 t
650
612
673
696
751
15.5
Titanium dioxide pigment’000 t
181
186
189
196
203
12.2
Uranium oxidet
9,549
7,823
9,172
9,569
10,964
14.8
Zinc ore and concentrates’000 t
2,697
2,715
2,806
2,536
2,506
-7.1
Zircon concentrate’000 t
377
389
458
448
432
14.6
Coal
Black coal (saleable)Mt
258
273
275
286
305
18.2
Brown coalMt
68
69
69
70
71
4.4
Other minerals
Diamonds'000 ct
22,475
30,676
32,006
24,310
32,446
44.4
Salt'000 t
9,492
9,233
10,438
10,618
12,254
29.1
Oil and gas
Crude oil and condensateML
38,705
36,100
33,320
27,876
25,372
-34.4
Natural gasMm3
31,524
32,136
33,159
33,259
37,267
18.2
LPG (naturally occurring)ML
4,056
4,647
4,681
4,639
4,628
14.1
(a) 'In mine products' relates to the metal content of the mineral.
Source: Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics (ABARE), 'Australian Mineral Statistics'; 'Australian Commodity Statistics, 2005' and 'Australian Commodities, September quarter 2006'; Department of Industry, Tourism and Resources, 'Australian Petroleum Statistics'.


MINERAL AND OIL PROCESSING AND TREATMENT

As few minerals, oil and gas can be directly used in the form in which they are mined, most of these undergo processing and treatment before use.

Table 16.17 shows the production of the main manufactured products of mineral and oil origin.


16.17 PRODUCTION OF PRINCIPAL MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS OF MINERAL AND OIL ORIGIN
Units
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
METALS
Non-ferrous
Alumina’000 t
16,099
16,417
16,413
16,690
17,161
Refined aluminium’000 t
1,788
1,809
1,855
1,877
1,890
Refined copper’000 t
517
561
537
459
479
Lead bullion’000 t
153
201
181
143
153
Refined lead’000 t
215
275
267
247
234
Refined zinc’000 t
534
572
570
502
464
Refined tint
1,039
829
708
553
445
Ferrous
Raw steel’000 t
8,003
8,311
9,399
9,471
7,556
Precious
Refined goldt
361
346
386
397
345
Refined silvert
532
616
672
619
722
PETROLEUM
Petroleum products
Diesel automotive oilML
13,212
13,064
13,335
12,544
12,822
Industrial and marine diesel fuelML
98
105
117
84
22
Fuel oilML
1,951
1,684
1,441
1,105
1,092
Automotive gasolineML
17,887
18,000
17,984
17,375
17,913
BUILDING MATERIALS
Clay bricks (standard brick equivalent)m
1,519
1,602
1,733
1,789
1,705
Portland cement’000 t
6,821
7,235
7,731
8,460
8,925
CHEMICALS
Single superphosphates’000 t
1,837
2,052
1,423
1,446
1,594
Source: Manufacturing Production, Australia (8301.0.55.001); Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics (ABARE), 'Australian Mineral Statistics', various issues and 'Australian Commodity Statistics 2005'; Department of Industry, Tourism and Resources, 'Australian Petroleum Statistics' .


EXPORTS OF MAJOR MINERALS, OIL AND GAS

Export earnings of minerals, oil and gas from the Australian resources sector rose to $68 billion (b) in 2004-05, an increase of $16b on the previous year. The resources sector covering minerals and energy production includes some commodities which are processed outside the Mining industry (as defined by ANZSIC).

Table 16.18 provides details of the quantity and value of the main minerals, oil and gas commodities exported from Australia. In 2004-05, black coal (including coking and steaming) was the largest export earner ($17b), followed by iron ore and pellets ($8b), crude oil and other refinery feedstock ($6b), refined gold ($6b), alumina ($4b) and aluminium ($4b).


16.18 EXPORTS OF MAJOR MINERALS, OIL AND GAS
Units
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Aluminakt
$m
13,091
4,114
13,168
3,660
13,572
3,781
14,073
4,383
Aluminium (ingot metal)kt
$m
1,490
3,965
1,551
3,696
1,546
3,441
1,512
3,726
Coal, black
CokingMt
$m
106
8,038
108
7,448
112
6,510
125
10,758
SteamingMt
$m
92
5,294
100
4,448
107
4,372
106
6,336
Copperkt
$m
749
2,159
687
2,005
652
2,166
701
3,082
Diamonds'000 ct
$m
25,811
512
32,274
789
24,326
531
32,515
650
Gold, refinedt
$m
280
4,950
282
5,133
315
5,510
309
5,523
Iron and steel
Iron ore and pelletsMt
$m
156
5,160
181
5,342
195
5,277
228
8,120
Iron and steelkt
$m
3,297
1,484
3,589
1,855
3,818
2,004
2,338
2,031
Leadkt
$m
731
729
735
657
688
728
782
1,041
Manganese ore and concentratekt
$m
1,660
299
2,014
312
2,603
371
3,128
473
Oil and gas
Crude oil and other refinery feedstockML
$m
23,936
6,390
20,950
6,402
17,526
5,055
15,731
6,330
LNGMt
$m
8
2,613
8
2,607
8
2,174
11
3,199
LPGML
$m
3,211
721
3,194
855
2,916
647
2,844
804
Saltkt
$m
8,912
267
10,172
233
10,285
186
12,128
226
Tint
$m
8,026
49
5,963
38
143
1
1,529
8
Titanium minerals
Ilmenite concentratekt
$m
914
138
1,020
135
783
82
633
63
Rutile concentratekt
$m
190
167
195
149
146
94
158
114
Uranium oxidet
$m
7,367
361
9,593
427
9,099
364
11,249
475
Zinckt
$m
1,488
1,529
1,548
1,427
1,369
1,234
1,427
1,466
Zircon concentratekt
$m
388
272
445
282
443
250
428
319
Source: Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics (ABARE), 'Australian Commodity Statistics, 2005', 'Australian Commodities, September quarter 2006' and 'Australian Mineral Statistics', various issues.


Graph 16.19 shows the value of Australia's four largest mineral and oil exports during the period 1997-98 to 2004-05. Exports of black coal, iron ore and pellets, and crude oil and other refinery feedstock have been growing over this period with crude oil and other refinery feedstock recording the largest increase (181%) followed by iron ore and pellets (114%) and black coal (79%). Refined gold experienced a decrease of 12% for the same period. The increases for black coal exports in both 2000-01 and 2004-05 were due to an increase in unit values of coking and steaming coal exports. A similar peak was observed for the export of crude oil occurring in 2000-01. Over the four years following this peak the export values of crude oil and other refinery feedstock dropped by $2b.

16.19 EXPORTS OF SELECTED MINERALS AND OIL



The major markets for Australian mineral and oil exports were Japan, China, Republic of (South) Korea, India and Singapore in the period 1989-90 to 2004-05 (graph 16.20).

Japan was consistently the main destination for Australian minerals and oil, receiving 27% ($17b) of total exports in 2004-05. The main minerals exported to Japan were aluminium, coal, copper ores and concentrate, iron ore and pellets, crude oil and other refinery feedstock and LPG. Of this, coal was the most significant. In 2004-05, 57 megatonnes (Mt) of steaming coal and 45 Mt of coking coal were exported to Japan (54% and 36% respectively of total Australian exports for these commodities). In the same year, 1,927 megalitres (ML) of crude oil and other refinery feedstock, 2,081 ML of LPG and 80,183 kilotonne (kt) of iron ore and pellets were also exported to this country. These exports respectively accounted for 12%, 73% and 35% of Australia's total exports of crude oil and other refinery feedstock, LPG and iron ore and pellets. Aluminium and copper ores and concentrate exports to Japan contributed 37% and 27% respectively of total exports for each commodity.

Other major export destinations in 2004-05 were China, the Republic of (South) Korea, India and Singapore. After Japan, the Republic of (South) Korea was the main market for Australia's black coal with steaming coal amounting to 18Mt (17% of total exported steaming coal). Other major exports to the Republic of (South) Korea included iron ore and pellets, lead ore, lead refined, crude oil and other refinery feed stock and zinc ore which accounted for 13%, 37%, 23%, 18% and 24% respectively of export totals. Singapore was a major market for Australian crude oil and other refinery feedstock, importing 2,861 ML in 2004-05, 18% of the total volume exported.

China has become a major export destination for iron ore and pellets, lead ore and LPG accounting for 44%, 27% and 21% respectively of total exports for these commodities.

Exports to India have been increasing since 1989-90 with a sharp increase between 2002-03 and 2003-04 (207%). Gold exports to India accounted for 50% (155 tonnes) of Australian exports of gold in 2004-05.

16.20 EXPORTS OF MINERALS AND OIL, By country of destination



IMPORTS OF MAJOR MINERALS AND PETROLEUM

Many imported mineral and petroleum commodities have had a certain amount of manufacturing applied to their raw forms. Table 16.21 provides details of the major commodities imported in the period 2001-02 to 2004-05. In terms of value, the largest imports for 2004-05 were for crude oil and other refinery feedstock ($10b), followed by other refinery products ($5b). The major sources of Australian imports of crude oil and other refinery feedstock were Indonesia, Malaysia and Vietnam with a combined value of $5.8b (58% of the total import value for this commodity).


16.21 IMPORTS OF MAJOR MINERALS AND PETROLEUM
Units
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Diamonds'000 ct
$m
2,431
255
3,218
302
2,229
309
2,168
347
Goldn.a.
$m
n.a.
2,207
n.a.
2,957
n.a.
2,559
n.a.
2,462
Iron and steel
Iron ore and pelletskt
$m
3,880
104
4,667
114
5,417
140
4,648
145
Iron and steelkt
$m
1,354
1,099
1,306
1,226
1,583
1,353
2,116
2,041
Petroleum
Crude oil and other refinery feedstockML
$m
27,308
7,458
27,958
8,610
23,498
6,594
26,055
9,995
LPGML
$m
588
116
299
76
785
166
540
143
Automotive gasolineML
$m
1,436
448
1,673
569
3,242
1,168
3,125
1,459
Diesel fuelML
$m
1,280
414
1,627
561
3,374
1,134
3,961
1,941
Other refinery productsML
$m
2,327
953
5,194
1,971
9,762
3,428
10,659
4,984
Phosphate rockkt
$m
933
72
711
50
723
41
797
49
Platinum and platinum group metalskg
$m
1,652
42
2,319
64
2,984
86
2,391
59
Source: Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics (ABARE), 'Australian Commodity Statistics, 2005', 'Australian Commodities, September quarter 2006' and 'Australian Mineral Statistics', various issues.


Graph 16.22 shows imports of selected major minerals and petroleum during the period 1998-99 to 2004-05. The imports of crude oil and other refinery feedstock were significantly larger than the imports of other minerals particularly in 2004-05.
While the volumes of imports of crude oil and other refinery feedstock fluctuated over the period 1998-99 to 2004-05, the large changes in the value of imports were mainly due to significant unit value rises in 2000-01 and 2004-05

16.22 IMPORTS OF SELECTED MINERALS AND PETROLEUM



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