Nutrition Survey, (National)
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NAME OF ORGANISATION The National Nutrition Survey (NNS) 1995 collected information on food and beverage intake, physical measurements, food related habits and attitudes and food consumption patterns over the last 12 months. Type of Food and beverages consumed and Nutrient intake were derived from each respondent's reported food intake for the day prior to interview. The NNS was conducted on a sub-sample of the NHS participants. The objectives of the 1995 National Nutrition Survey (NNS) are to:
SCOPE Scope : The scope of the NNS differed in two main areas from that of its National Health Survey (NHS) parent:
The NNS covered urban and rural areas across all States and Territories of Australia, and included residents of private dwellings aged 2 years or older. A private dwelling was defined as a house, flat, home unit, caravan, garage, tent and any other structure being used as a private place of residence at the time of the survey. All households within sampled private dwellings were included in the survey. Generally speaking, a household comprised a group of persons living together in a dwelling who considered themselves to be separate from other people in the dwelling and who made regular provision to take meals together. The following persons living in Australia, but not usually considered part of the Australian resident population, were excluded from the scope of the survey:
Non-Australians (other than those above) working in Australia, or in Australia as students or settlers, and their dependants, were included in the survey scope.
Coverage :
Coverage rules were designed to ensure that, as far as possible, persons remaining within the scope of the survey (after the above exclusions were applied) had only one chance of being interviewed. Coverage rules were the same for the NNS and the NHS.
Usual residents of selected private dwellings were included in the survey if they were staying at, or had stayed at, the selected dwelling for any part of the month of interview or any part of the previous month. Usual residents who were absent from the dwelling for the entire two month period were excluded on coverage grounds.
Visitors to selected private dwellings who did not usually live in a private dwelling were included in the survey. Visitors who usually lived in a private dwelling were included in the survey only if they had not been at their own usual dwelling for any part of the previous month and would not be at their own usual dwelling for any part of the month of interview. Conceptual framework The goal of the 1995 National Nutrition Survey (NNS) was to provide food and nutrient data to assist with the implementation of Australia's food and Nutrition policy, specifically
Examining the Recommended Dietary Intakes for Australians identified a number of important macronutrients and micronutrients to be measured as well as Energy and Moisture intakes.
Macronutrients were:
Micronutrients were:
The NNS used a three tiered approach to provide information on the Macronutrient and Micronutrient intake of the Australian population. For each individual person:
1. Collect daily food and beverage consumption data in an individual food intake questionnaire (IFIQ) which used a 24-hour recall method to describe all the foods and beverages consumed during the day prior to interview. 2. Apply nutrient information to each food and beverage consumed, identifying the exact macronutrient and micronutrient composition. 3. Derive the total intake of each macronutrient and micronutrient based on the total amount of food and beverages reported.
It was important to take into account, however, the limitations of collecting food and beverage consumption data based on a single day's intake; as day-to-day eating patterns can vary enormously for individuals. In order to obtain a more reliable estimate of the distribution of usual nutrient intake it was necessary to obtain information of the food and beverage intake on a second day for the same individuals. Therefore a replicate sample of 10% of the NNS respondents were asked to complete a second IFIQ within 10 days of the first interview but on a different day of the week. These data were used to calculate adjustment factors for all nutrients to remove within-person variation.
As it is acknowledged that a problem commonly associated with dietary surveys is under-reporting of consumption, information was collected to assist in the assessment of the level of under-reporting in the NNS. The method chosen was to compare the self-reported level of energy intake in adults with an estimate of the energy required to maintain basal metabolism on the assumption that weight is stable. This was facilitated by the collection of a range of physical measurements: height, weight, waist, and hip from respondents of all ages, and blood pressure from those aged 16 and over. In addition to calculating energy to basal metabolic rate, these measurements were used to derive a number of important indicators such as body mass index, waist to hip ratio, and derived hypertension which should be considered in relation to diet.
The detailed nature of the IFIQ and the 24 hour dietary recall method ensured that the foods and beverages were described in sufficient detail to enable their nutrient composition to be determined. In order to compare the reported food and beverage intakes against the broad headings of the Dietary Guidelines for Australians, the Australian and New Zealand Food Authority (ANZFA) developed a detailed classification of foods and beverages, based on their main ingredient, for use in the NNS. Main outputs 4 joint publications between the ABS and the Commonwealth Department of Health and Family Services have been produced from the 1995 National Nutrition Survey (NNS). Advice on the content of these has been provided by the Expert Technical Working Group on Output and Analysis:
The 1995 National Nutrition Survey (NNS) Confidentialised Unit Record File (CURF) was released in July 1998 and contains a set of three data files. Classifications ABS standard classifications were used for items describing standard demographic, socioeconomic, education, labour force, housing, etc characteristics.
The main survey specific classifications which were developed in consultation with the then Department of Health and Family Services and the Australia New Zealand Food Authority were:
the hierarchical classification of food groups, and the classification of nutrients.
Other survey specific classifications were adopted or developed for specific items. Information about all the classifications used in the survey is contained in the 1995 National Nutrition Survey: Users' Guide. Other concepts (summary) Not applicable Comments and/or Other Regions Sample drawn from urban and rural/remote areas in all States and Territories. Geographic data is also available using the Rural, Remote and Metropolitan Areas (RRMA) classification produced by the Commonwealth Department of Primary Industries and Energy and the then Department of Human Services and Health in November 1994. Frequency comments
MOU signed by DHFS and ABS 29 July 1994 Decision on dietary methodologies under guidance of Expert Group Late 1994 Enumeration started February 1995 Enumeration completed March/April 1996 Physical measurements and food related data entry completed at ABS Late 1996 Food and Nutrient data entry completed and transferred to ABS February 1997 Declaration of clean file September 1997 Release of initial publication Early December 1997 Data availability comments Data products have been released. Additional statistics are available on a consultancy basis Document Selection These documents will be presented in a new window.
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