Quality Declaration
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INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT
Data for income categories in 2. and 3. above are aggregated from items in the individual income tax return, and are selected to conform as closely as possible to ABS Income Standards. These statistical releases are presented at the following levels of geography as per the Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS): Statistical Area Level 2 (SA2); Statistical Area Level 3 (SA3); Statistical Area Level 4 (SA4); Greater Capital City Statistical Area (GCCSA); Local Government Area (LGA); plus state/territory and Australia. Occupation data for Wage and salary earners are presented using the Australian and New Zealand Standard Classification of Occupations (ANZSCO). TIMELINESS Individuals may lodge income tax returns in respect of each financial year (1 July to 30 June). Personal income tax data are provided to the ABS approximately 22 months after the income year. Data are taken from an annual extraction from the ATO database as at 31 October each year (16 months after the income year). For example, data for the 2009-10 year was extracted as at 31 October 2011 and initially provided to the ABS in July 2012, along with some revised back data in September 2012. Data are released annually by the ABS. ACCURACY Personal income tax data are derived from information contained in personal income tax returns lodged with the Australian Taxation Office. For the purposes of providing statistical measures for the entire population, the ATO database has some limitations in its coverage. Persons who receive less than the taxable income threshold are not necessarily required to lodge a tax return. This can include persons who derive their income from government pensions and allowances. Consequently, the coverage of low income earners, including people receiving government pensions and allowances is not complete in ATO records. In addition, a number of Commonwealth of Australia government pension, benefit and allowance payments are exempt from income tax and are therefore not required to be included in tax returns. Data are provided by the ATO before the processing of all income tax returns for any given year may have been completed. Data provided to the ABS by the ATO are from returns processed up to 31 October, 16 months after the end of the financial year. It is estimated that approximately an additional 3% of taxpayers lodge their income tax returns in the twelve months after the initial processing cut off each year and approximately 5% of taxpayers lodge their income tax returns in the three years following the processing cut off. This means that data provided to the ABS slightly under-estimate the number of income earners and the total income they earn. Caution should therefore be exercised in deducing that there are no people in an area with certain types of income and, in general, no reliance should be placed on table cells with small values. COHERENCE Personal income tax statistics can be impacted by changes to Tax legislation. The ATO outlines any such changes in their annual release of 'Taxation Statistics' on the ATO website. Data for income categories described above (see Relevance) are aggregated from items in the individual income tax return, and are selected to conform as closely as possible to ABS Income Standards. There have been several changes, as reflected in the data released for 2001-02 to 2005-06, then for 2003-04 to 2008-09; and for 2008-09 to 2009-10.
Breaks in Series Changes in taxation policy can occur in any income year and can, for example, influence whether an individual needs to lodge a tax return, and what is required to be reported on the tax form. There have been a number a number of recent breaks in series. One break was associated with the introduction of a one-off tax bonus introduced as part of the Economic Stimulus Package in response to the Global Financial Crisis. This one-off tax bonus was available to all individuals whose 2007-08 taxable income was $100,000 or less, whose adjusted tax liability was greater than zero and who had filed their 2007-08 tax return by 30 June 2009. The Australian Taxation Office has reported in their Taxation Statistics publications that there was a 7.1% increase in individual tax lodgements for the 2007-08 financial year, in part due to individual lodgements being brought forward to access the tax bonus. This was followed by a fall of 2.8% in individual tax lodgements in 2008-09. Further information about breaks in series can be obtained from the Explanatory Notes in the 2008-09 and 2009-10 issues of this release.
The ABS Survey of Income and Housing (SIH) collects information on sources of income, amounts received and the characteristics of persons aged 15 years and over resident in private dwellings throughout Australia. Data collected from SIH can be compared to ATO personal income tax data published in Estimates of Personal Income for Small Areas (cat no. 6524.0.55.002) and Wage and Salary Earner Statistics for Small Areas (cat no. 5673.0.55.003) at the Australia level. Small area estimates are not released from the SIH. Comparison of these series for Australia can provide a means of assessing trends, establishing whether counts are of an expected magnitude and whether the distribution of income across the various sources is similar. The ATO personal income tax data contained in this release is generally consistent in magnitude with the estimates derived from the ABS Survey of Income and Housing at the Australia level. The Survey of Average Weekly Earnings (AWE) is a quarterly sample survey of employing businesses. It collects data on average weekly earnings for full-time adult employee jobs, average weekly total earnings for all employee jobs, and average weekly ordinary time earnings for full-time adult employee jobs. Small area estimates are not released from AWE. The ATO Average Wage and Salary income as presented in Wage and Salary Earner Statistics for Small Areas (cat no. 5673.0.55.003) can be compared at the Australia level with the 'average weekly total earnings for all employees jobs' from the survey of Average Weekly Earnings. These two series items are generally consistent in magnitude at the Australia level. Income data are also available every five years in the Census of Population and Housing, with the latest data (2011 Census) recently becoming available. The Census provides total income data for households, families and individuals. INTERPRETABILITY Taxable income is calculated on the personal income tax as total income or loss minus total deductions. Personal income tax data releases all contain detailed Explanatory Notes that provide information on scope and coverage, confidentiality, changes to the data over time, geographical presentation of the data, classifications and other technical aspects associated with these statistics. ACCESSIBILITY All personal income tax data provided to the ABS from ATO, is released to the ABS website in:
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