Health


HEALTH STATUS
Life expectancy at birth
Reference year
Infant mortality rate(a)
Reference year
Males
Females
Country
no.
years
years
Australia
1992
7.0
1991
74.4
80.3
Canada
1991
6.8
1985-87
73.0
79.8
China
1985-90
32.0
1985-90
68.0
70.9
France
1991
7.3
1990
72.8
80.9
Greece
1991
8.3
1980
72.2
76.4
Hong Kong
1991
6.4
1990
74.6
80.3
Indonesia
1985-90
75.0
1985-90
58.5
62.0
Italy
1991
8.3
1989
73.5
80.0
Japan
1991
4.4
1991
76.1
82.1
Korea (Republic of)
1985-90
25.0
1989
66.9
75.0
Malaysia
1985-90
17.0
1985-90
67.5
71.6
New Zealand
1992
7.3
1989
72.4
78.3
Papua New Guinea
1985-90
59.0
1985-90
53.2
54.7
Singapore
1992
5.0
1991
73.5
78.0
Sweden
1991
6.2
1991
74.9
80.5
UK
1991
7.4
1988-90
72.7
78.3
USA
1992
8.4
1989
71.8
78.6
Viet Nam
1985-90
47.0
1979
63.7
67.9
(a) Per 1,000 live births.

Source: United Nations (1994) 1992 Demographic Yearbook

STANDARDISED DEATH RATES
Reference year
Malignant neoplasms (cancer)
Ischaemic heart disease
Cerebro-
vascular disease (stroke)
Motor vehicle traffic accidents
Suicide and self-inflicted injury(b)
All
causes
Country
no.
no.
no.
no.
no.
no.
Australia
1992
107.9
92.6
33.6
10.2
10.4
410.2
Canada
1991
116.8
84.1
25.4
12.2
11.4
413.6
China
. .
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
France
1991
118.4
33.8
28.9
15.5
14.5
411.0
Greece
1991
93.1
51.5
69.8
19.5
2.6
424.3
Hong Kong
. .
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
Indonesia
. .
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
Italy
1990
121.1
52.2
48.3
13.4
5.2
435.9
Japan
1992
95.5
18.7
43.0
9.8
11.5
347.8
Korea (Republic of)
. .
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
Malaysia
. .
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
New Zealand
1991
126.6
110.9
40.8
19.2
13.0
479.0
Papua New Guinea
. .
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
Singapore
1991
115.8
89.7
62.1
8.7
10.4
496.2
Sweden
1990
96.9
99.4
36.3
7.9
12.4
411.6
UK
1992
128.1
114.2
44.8
7.4
6.5
461.7
USA
1990
117.7
96.1
26.7
17.5
10.4
489.0
Viet Nam
. .
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
(a) Standardised death rates are the overall death rates per 100,000 population that would have prevailed in a standard population if it had experienced at each age the death rates of the population being studied. The standard population used in this table is the World Health Organisation new world standard population. Standardised death rates for Australia presented in the Health chapter of this publication or elsewhere in ABS publications are not comparable due the use of a different standard population and different reference periods.
(b) It is generally acknowledged that suicides are under-reported as a cause of death. The degree of under-reporting varies from country to country, partly for social and cultural reasons, but also because of differences in legal requirements and administrative procedures in arriving at a verdict of suicide.

Source: World Health Organisation (1994) World Health Statistics Annual 1993

HEALTH SERVICES AND EXPENDITURE
Country
Reference year
Health expenditure
as % of GDP
Health expenditure per capita at PPP(a)
Reference year
Doctors per 1,000 population
Reference year
Acute hospital beds per 1,000 population
%
$US '000
no.
no.
Australia
1992
7.9
1.3
1991
2.3
1992
4.5
Canada
1992
10.8
2.1
1991
2.2
1989
5.0
China
. .
n.a.
n.a.
. .
n.a.
. .
n.a.
France
1992
9.4
1.7
1991
2.7
1990
5.2
Greece
1992
5.4
0.3
1990
3.4
. .
n.a.
Hong Kong
. .
n.a.
n.a.
. .
n.a.
. .
n.a.
Indonesia
. .
n.a.
n.a.
. .
n.a.
. .
n.a.
Italy
1992
8.5
1.5
1989
1.3
. .
n.a.
Japan
1992
7.0
1.4
1990
1.6
. .
n.a.
Korea (Republic of)
. .
n.a.
n.a.
. .
n.a.
. .
n.a.
Malaysia
. .
n.a.
n.a.
. .
n.a.
. .
n.a.
New Zealand
1992
7.7
1.1
1989
1.9
. .
n.a.
Papua New Guinea
. .
n.a.
n.a.
. .
n.a.
. .
n.a.
Singapore
. .
n.a.
n.a.
. .
n.a.
. .
n.a.
Sweden
1992
7.9
1.3
1991
2.9
1990
3.9
UK
1992
7.1
1.2
1990
1.4
1986
2.8
USA
1992
14.0
3.2
1990
2.3
1991
3.5
Viet Nam
. .
n.a.
n.a.
. .
n.a.
. .
n.a.
(a) PPP (purchasing power parities) are the rates of currency conversion which eliminate the differences in price levels between countries.

Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (1993) OECD Health Systems: facts and trends 1960-1991




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