1350.0 - Australian Economic Indicators, Jan 2006
ARCHIVED ISSUE Released at 11:30 AM (CANBERRA TIME) 13/01/2006
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Feature Article - A Statistical Overview of Tourism TABLE 1. TOURISM INDUSTRY SHARE OF GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT (GDP)
Tourism accounted for nearly $32 billion of the total GDP of $813 billion in 2003–2004. This represents a 3.9% share of GDP and is the lowest share of GDP since the tourism satellite account was first compiled in 1997–1998. It is also the third consecutive decline since the share peaked in 2000–2001 as shown in graph 1. The high tourism share of GDP in 2000–2001 was largely due to price increases in tourism services resulting from the GRAPH 1. TOURISM SHARE OF GDP INTERNATIONAL VERSUS DOMESTIC TOURISM A key factor behind the fall in the tourism share of GDP in 2003–2004 was that Australians travelled less in Australia and more overseas compared with 2002–2003. This is shown by the decline in domestic tourism consumption in 2003–2004 and an increase in total outbound expenditure by Australians travelling overseas in 2003–2004. In 2003–2004, domestic tourism contributed more than three-quarters (76%) of total tourism GDP, compared to a 24% contribution from international tourism as shown in table 2. TABLE 2. TOURISM INDUSTRY GDP, BY TYPE OF VISITOR, $m
TOURISM GVA Tourism gross value added (GVA) is the value of output consumed by visitors minus the value of the inputs used in producing these tourism products. Table 3 shows that tourism contributed over $26 billion to industry GVA in 2003–2004, an increase of over $4 billion from the 1997–1998 level. In 2003–2004, the industries that accounted for the largest share of tourism gross value added were air and water transport (14%), accommodation (11%), cafes, restaurants and takeaway food outlets (10%), and other retail trade (9%). These shares have been reasonably steady since 1997–1998. TABLE 3. TOURISM SHARE OF GROSS VALUE ADDED AND GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
TOURISM EMPLOYMENT The tourism industry employed 536,600 persons in 2003–2004. Tourism employment grew 5.5% between 1997–1998 and 2003–2004, slower than the growth in total employed persons (11.1%) over that period. Consequently, the tourism share of total employed persons fell from 5.9% in 1997–1998 to 5.6% in 2003–2004. The tourism share of total employment is higher than the tourism share of industry GVA. This is because tourism tends to be generally more labour intensive than other forms of economic activity. GRAPH 2. PEOPLE EMPLOYED IN TOURISM, By selected industries(a) The Retail trade industry generated the most tourism employment (26% of total tourism employment). The retail trade, accommodation, and the cafes and restaurants industries account for more than half of the employment generated by tourism. These shares have been reasonably steady since 1997–1998 as shown in graph 2. EXPORTS OF TOURISM GOODS AND SERVICES Tourism makes an important contribution to Australia’s export earnings. In 2003–2004, international visitors consumed $17.3 billion worth of goods and services produced by the Australian economy as shown in table 4. This represented a 12.1% share by Tourism of the total exports of goods and services,which means that tourism is now more significant than many of our more traditional exports such as coal, wheat, wool, iron and steel which have sustained our economy in the past. While tourism exports grew quite strongly between 1997–1998 and 2000–2001, so did exports of other goods and services. However, in 2003–2004 tourism exports increased by 4%, while total exports declined by 3% thus leading to an increase in the tourism share. The decrease in total exports in 2001–2002 and 2002–2003 were mainly the result of the decrease in short-term arrivals of international visitors to Australia. TABLE 4. EXPORTS OF TOURISM GOODS AND SERVICES
SHORT-TERM INTERNATIONAL VISITOR MOVEMENTS Statistics on international short-term visitor arrivals and short-term resident departures relate to the number of movements of travellers rather than the number of travellers (i.e. the multiple movements of individual persons during a given reference period are all counted). Available time series data starting from the mid-1970s allows analysis of a longer series for short-term visitor arrivals and resident departures than for the Tourism Satellite Account. For the past 25 years, short-term visitor arrivals and resident departures have generally increased year by year as shown in graph 3. Prior to the mid-1980s, Australian resident departures were higher than international visitor arrivals. However, since 1986-87, there have been more visitor arrivals than resident departures. Graph 3 shows that in 2004-2005, there were 10 times as many short-term visitor arrivals to Australia (over 5.4 million) as there were in 1976-77 (540,400). The 2004–2005 figure was the highest number of arrivals ever recorded, and the second consecutive increase since the dip in 2001–2002 and 2002–2003. Similarly, short-term departures of Australian residents increased nearly five-fold over the past 25 years. There were 4.6 million short-term resident departures in 2004–2005 compared to 965,600 in 1976-77. This was the highest number of short-term resident departures ever recorded for a financial year. In general, there was a strong upward trend in short-term resident departures, despite the decreases experienced in 2001–2002 and 2002–2003. GRAPH 3. SHORT-TERM INTERNATIONAL VISITOR ARRIVALS AND RESIDENT DEPARTURES In 2004–2005, the top source countries for short-term visitor arrivals were New Zealand (20% of total visitor arrivals), Japan and the United Kingdom (each 13%), the United States of America (8%), Singapore and China (each 5%). Most travellers from these countries stated holiday or visiting friends and relatives as the main reason for their journey. Korea, Malaysia, Hong Kong and Germany were also among the major source countries of short-term visitor arrivals. The top destinations for Australian resident departures in 2004–2005 were New Zealand (18% of total), the United States of America (9%), the United Kingdom (8%), Indonesia (7%), and China (5%). Most travellers to these countries stated holiday as the main reason for their journey. Other popular reasons for travel included visiting friends and relatives and for business purposes. Other major destinations for short-term resident departures included Fiji, Thailand, Singapore, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Viet Nam and Japan. Short-term departures to these countries have steadily climbed in the last 25 years, reaching more than 1 million combined in 2004-2005 (24% of all short-term departures). FACTORS AFFECTING SHORT-TERM INTERNATIONAL MOVEMENTS A wide range of world events appeared to influence short-term travel patterns. These included economic and safety concerns, as well as world sporting and cultural events which either deterred or attracted people to visit specific destinations. Significant events that contributed to increases in the number of short-term visitor arrivals to Australia were recorded in;
Conversely, events that contributed to decreases in short-term visitor arrivals include the Australian airlines pilots’ dispute in 1989, the Asian financial crisis in 1998, the collapse of Ansett in 2001 and the September 11 2001 terrorist attacks in the USA. The influences of significant events can best be demonstrated by showing seasonally adjusted and trend estimates. Seasonally adjusted estimates allow analysis of short-term movements including irregular impacts on the series, while trend estimates provide a better method to analyse and monitor the underlying direction of the short-term movement series. In most cases, the trend series is the best source of information on the long-term direction of these statistics. Graphs 4 and 5 show examples of short-term visitor arrivals from specific countries on a monthly basis. The graph for the United States of America shows a peak in short-term arrivals that corresponds to the Sydney Olympic and Paralympic Games in September 2000, and a decline following the September 11 attacks in 2001 (graph 4). Similarly, the graph for Japan shows a decline in short-term visitor arrivals from that country following the September 11 attacks in 2001, and a strong decline in 2003 following the outbreak of SARS in some Asian countries (graph 5). This may reflect the fact that a number of countries affected by SARS are transit points for international travel, such as travel between Japan and Australia. GRAPH 4. INTERNATIONAL SHORT-TERM VISITOR ARRIVALS TO AUSTRALIA: United States of America GRAPH 5. INTERNATIONAL SHORT-TERM VISITOR ARRIVALS TO AUSTRALIA: Japan Many of the events that influence short-term visitor arrivals also influence short-term resident departures. The graphs below, using monthly seasonally adjusted and trend estimates, demonstrate the impact of significant events on short-term resident departures to specific countries. Graph 6 shows that following the September 11 terrorist attacks in 2001, short-term resident departures to the United States of America showed significant decreases for several months following that event. The graph for China shows the impact of the SARS scare on departures to that country in the early part of 2003 (graph 7). GRAPH 6. AUSTRALIAN SHORT-TERM DEPARTURES: United States of America GRAPH 7. AUSTRALIAN SHORT-TERM DEPARTURES: China TOURIST ACCOMMODATION CAPACITY Capacity in terms of rooms/units/apartments/suites is the maximum number available to accommodate paying guests on the last day of the survey period. Capacity closed temporarily for seasonal reasons is included. Graph 8 shows that the total recorded capacity for hotels, motels and serviced apartments with 15 or more rooms has generally increased since 1997 when consistent time series data became available. Capacity reached 209,823 rooms in the June quarter 2005 (up 2.6% from the June quarter of 2004). The number of establishments for hotels, motels, guest houses and serviced apartments with 15 or more rooms also generally increased. GRAPH 8. HOTELS, MOTELS AND SERVICED APARTMENTS, Capacity—Australia ROOM OCCUPANCY RATESThe room occupancy rate represents room occupancy expressed as a percentage of total capacity available during the survey period, which include the operating periods of establishments closed for seasonal reasons. The trend estimate of the room occupancy rate for hotels, motels and serviced apartments with 15 or more rooms rose by 1.7 percentage points from 61.9% in the June quarter 2004 to 63.6% in the June quarter 2005. Apart from a minor fall in September quarter 2003, This rate has been increasing since the December quarter 2001 (graph 9). GRAPH 9. ROOM OCCUPANCY RATE, Seasonally adjusted and Trend—Australia The seasonally adjusted estimate of the room occupancy rate increased by 1.8 percentage points to 63.7% from June quarter 2004 to June quarter 2005. ACCOMMODATION TAKINGS The total accommodation takings for hotels, motels and serviced apartments with 15 or more rooms combined continued to increase, reflecting the combined effect of increased demand for higher quality accommodation, higher tariffs (including the effects of inflation) and an increase in the average number of guests per room (graph 10). In June quarter 2005 the trend estimate of the total accommodation takings rose by 8.9% from the June quarter 2004 to $1,535.2 million. The seasonally adjusted estimate of the total accommodation takings rose by 9.8% from the June quarter 2004 to $1,545.0 million in the June quarter 2005. GRAPH 10. ACCOMMODATION TAKINGS(a), Seasonally adjusted and Trend—Australia CONCLUSION Tourism constitutes an important contribution to the economy, providing 4% of GDP in 2003–2004. Tourism’s GVA of $26 billion in 2003–2004 was higher than the GVA of the agricultural industry. The bulk of total tourism GDP is contributed by domestic tourism (76% in 2003–2004). The tourism industry employed 536,600 persons in 2003–2004, with the retail trade industry generating the most tourism employment. Tourism represents about 12% of Australia’s exports of goods and services. Tourist accommodation, capacity and room occupancy rates have generally increased since the late 1990s. These and other tourism indicators affirm the importance of tourism in the economy. Short-term international visitor movements to and from Australia have shown a dramatic increase over the last 25 years. Changes in short-term travel patterns of visitors arriving in Australia and of residents departing to other countries were influenced by world events such as sporting and cultural events, industrial disputes, war and safety concerns, acts of terrorism, health scares, and natural disasters. Australia produces tourism statistics that meet the broad needs of users. These statistics are generally collected and analysed based on the Framework for Australian Tourism Statistics. The framework incorporates Australian and international statistical standards, thus promoting compatibility and comparability from all tourism statistical collections. REFERENCES Australian Bureau of Statistics, 1992, Tourism: A Statistical Overview , Australian Economic Indicators, Dec 1992 , cat. no. 1350.0. ABS, Canberra. Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2003a, Framework for Australian Tourism Statistics, 2003 , cat. no. 9502.0.55.001. ABS, Canberra. Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2004, Australian Social Trends, 2004, cat. no. 4102.0. ABS. Canberra. Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2005a, Australian National Accounts: Tourism Satellite Account, 2003–2004 , cat. no. 5249.0. ABS, Canberra. Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2005b, Overseas Arrivals and Departures, Australia, June 2005 , cat. no. 3401.0. ABS, Canberra. Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2005c, Tourist Accommodation, Australia, June Quarter 2005 , cat. no. 8635.0. ABS, Canberra. Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2005d, Year Book Australia, 2005, cat. no. 1301.0. ABS, Canberra. Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2005e, Rugby World Cup 2003 - the short-term impact on the Australia economy, Year Book Australia, 2005, cat. no. 1301.0. ABS, Canberra. Australian Bureau of Statistics, Tourism Theme Page. APPENDIX CONCEPTS AND COLLECTIONS USED TO MEASURE TOURISM The latest version of the Framework for Australian Tourism Statistics (cat. no. 9502.0.55.001) was released by the ABS in September 2003. The Framework aims to provide guidelines which will encourage consistency and compatibility in the collection and analysis of tourism statistics in Australia. It is intended to apply not only to ABS collections but all collectors and users of tourism statistics from government agencies and the private sector. The Framework for Australian Tourism Statistics incorporates Australian and international statistical standards. It is in line with international tourism concepts and definitions developed by the World Tourism Organization (WTO). It also reflects Australian tourism statistical standards developed by the Tourism Research Australia (TRA) in 1996 and 1997. The April 2005 issue of Tourism Satellite Account, Australian National Accounts (cat. no. 5249.0) contains detailed results of the latest (2003–2004) Tourism satellite account. Statistics of international arrivals and departures measure the number and characteristics of Australian residents departing from and international visitors arriving in Australia.The data items include:
Tourist Accommodation, Australia (cat. no. 8635.0) provides information on the supply of, and demand for, tourist accommodation facilities. Data include number of establishments, capacity and employment for the quarter and occupancy and takings from accommodation for each month. Statistics on tourist accommodation are obtained from the quarterly Survey of Tourist Accommodation (STA). From the March quarter 2005 the scope of the STA has been expanded to include data for hotels, motels and serviced apartments with 5 or more rooms or units; holiday flats, units and houses of letting entities with 15 or more rooms or units; caravan parks with 40 or more powered sites and visitor hostels with 25 or more bed spaces. From 1998 to 2004 the survey included hotels, motels and serviced apartments with 15 or more rooms on a quarterly basis. For the years 2000 and 2003 only, the collection also included holiday flats, units and houses of letting entities with 15 or more rooms or units; caravan parks with 40 or more powered sites and visitor hostels with 25 or more bed spaces. Document Selection These documents will be presented in a new window.
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