4102.0 - Australian Social Trends, 2006  
ARCHIVED ISSUE Released at 11:30 AM (CANBERRA TIME) 20/07/2006   
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UNEMPLOYMENT RATE(a)(b) BY LEVEL OF EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT AND GENDER OF 25–64 YEAR OLDS
Below upper secondary education
Upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education
Tertiary non-University education
University education
All levels of education
Reference year
Males
Females
Males
Females
Males
Females
Males
Females
Males
Females
Country(c)
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
Australia
2003
7.5
6.5
3.6
5.7
3.9
3.9
2.9
2.2
4.6
4.9
Canada
2003
10.9
11.5
6.5
6.6
5.1
5.1
5.5
5.2
6.6
6.3
China
. .
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
France
2003
11.1
13.5
6.0
9.4
4.3
5.0
6.7
7.5
7.5
9.8
Greece
2003
3.9
10.8
5.8
13.7
4.7
7.5
3.7
7.6
4.6
11.2
Hong Kong (SAR of China)
. .
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
Indonesia
. .
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
Italy
2003
6.8
14.2
4.6
8.8
(d)
(d)
3.6
7.2
5.5
10.5
Japan
2003
8.0
4.6
5.5
5.3
4.8
4.5
3.1
3.3
5.1
4.7
Korea (Republic of)
2003
2.7
1.6
3.5
2.6
4.4
3.2
2.7
2.6
3.2
2.3
Malaysia
. .
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
New Zealand
2003
5.0
4.8
2.4
3.5
3.2
4.3
3.5
3.1
3.2
3.8
Papua New Guinea
. .
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
Singapore
. .
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
Sweden
2003
5.7
6.8
5.5
4.8
5.2
3.3
4.7
2.6
5.3
4.3
United Kingdom
2003
8.5
4.8
4.1
3.5
2.7
1.7
2.7
2.0
4.2
3.2
United States of America
2003
9.5
10.6
6.7
5.4
5.2
3.9
3.2
2.8
5.8
4.8
Viet Nam
. .
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
(a) Unemployment rate is the number of unemployed persons aged 25–64 years as a percentage of people in the labour force.
(b) Derived from unemployment rate and educational attainment by gender.
(c) Care should be taken when comparing these data between countries. In any one year, different countries can be at different stages of the economic cycle which is a major influence on unemployment rates.
(d) Data for tertiary non-university are included in the University education column.

Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 2005, Education at a Glance: OECD Indicators, 2005, last viewed 23 May 2006,
<http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/22/35/35282639.xls>, <http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/22/6/35282844.xls>.



LABOUR FORCE
Participation rate of persons
aged 15 years and over
Reference year
Economically active
population aged 15 years and over (a)(b)(c)
Reference year
Total
Males
Females(b)
Country(d)
'000
%
%
%
Australia
2004
10 206.9
2004
62.7
70.4
55.3
Canada
2004
17 183.5
2004
67.6
73.3
62.1
China
2003
760 800.0
1990
79.2
85.0
73.0
France
2004
27 447.4
2004
55.4
62.0
49.2
Greece
2003
4 506.9
2004
53.2
65.0
42.2
Hong Kong (SAR of China)
2004
3 529.1
2003
61.4
72.0
51.6
Indonesia
1999
95 793.2
1999
67.9
84.6
51.5
Italy
2003
24 229.0
2004
49.4
61.3
38.3
Japan
2004
66 410.0
2004
60.4
73.4
48.2
Korea (Republic of)
2004
23 417.2
2004
62.0
74.8
49.8
Malaysia
2000
9 616.1
2000
65.5
83.3
46.7
New Zealand
2004
2 099.1
2004
67.0
74.5
59.9
Papua New Guinea
2000
2 257.9
2000
72.5
73.5
71.3
Singapore
2003
2 152.0
2000
68.6
81.1
55.5
Sweden
2004
4 459.0
2004
70.6
73.3
67.9
United Kingdom
2004
29 369.4
2004
62.6
70.1
55.7
United States of America
2004
147 401.0
2004
66.0
73.3
59.2
Viet Nam
. .
n.a.
. .
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
(a) "Economically active population are all those persons who during the specified reference period are classified either as employed or as unemployed". Reference: International Labour Office, Year Book of Labour Statistics, 2003, p.3.
(b) Participation rates for women are frequently not comparable internationally since, in many countries, relatively large numbers of women assist on farms or in other family enterprises without pay. There are differences between countries in the criteria used to count economically active workers.
(c) For most countries the Economically active populations are aged 15 years and over. However, the age range varies for some countries: Malaysia – 15–64 years; Sweden – 16–64 years; China, UK and USA – 16 years and over. Definitions also vary in terms of the inclusion or exclusion of certain other segments of the population such as the armed forces.
(d) Care should be taken when comparing these data between countries. In any one year, different countries can be at different stages of the economic cycle which is a major influence on the labour force.

Source: International Labour Office, Year Book of Labour Statistics LABORITE, last viewed 23 May 2006,<http://laborsta.ilo.org/>; International Labour Office, Key Indicators of the Labour Market 2003; International Labour Market, 2005, Key Indicators of the Labour Market, 4th edn, CD-ROM, International Labour Office, Geneva.

EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT
Reference year
Employment (a)
Unemployment (a)
Unemployment rate(a)
Country (b)
'000
'000
%
Australia
2004
9 636.3
570.6
5.6
Canada
2004
15 949.7
1 233.7
7.2
China
2002
(c)737 400.0
(c)(d)8 270.0
4.2
France
2004
24 720.2
2 727.2
9.9
Greece
2003
4103.9
403.0
8.9
Hong Kong (SAR of China)
2004
3 287.6
241.4
6.8
Indonesia
2002
91 647.0
9 132.1
9.1
Italy
2003
22 133.0
2 096.0
8.7
Japan
2004
63 290.0
3 310.0
4.7
Korea (Republic of)
2004
22 557.0
860.0
3.7
Malaysia
2004
(d)9 986.6
369.8
3.6
New Zealand
2004
2017.1
82.0
3.9
Papua New Guinea
2000
n.a.
68.6
2.8
Singapore
2003
2 033.7
116.4
5.4
Sweden
2004
4 213.0
246.0
5.5
United Kingdom
2004
28 008.4
1 361.0
4.6
United States of America
2004
139 252.0
8 149.0
5.5
Viet Nam
2004
42 315.6
926.4
2.1
(a) For most countries the employed and unemployed populations are aged 15 years and over. However, the age range varies for some countries: Malaysia – 15–64 years; Sweden – 16–64 years; UK - Males 16 to 64 years and females 16-59 years; USA – 16 years and over. Definitions also vary in terms of the inclusion or exclusion of certain other segments of the population such as the armed forces.
(b) Care should be taken when comparing these data between countries. In any one year, different countries can be at different stages of the economic cycle which is a major influence on employment and unemployment.
(c) Employment relates to total economy; unemployment relates to urban areas only.
(d) Rate applies for the year 2004.

Source: International Labour Office, Year Book of Labour Statistics LABORITE, last viewed 23 May 2006, <http://laborsta.ilo.org/>.




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