8624.0 - Retail Industry, Australia: Commodity Sales, 1998-99
ARCHIVED ISSUE Released at 11:30 AM (CANBERRA TIME) 09/11/2000
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NOTES
ABBREVIATIONS
FURTHER INFORMATION For further information about these and related statistics, contact the National Information Service on 1300 135 070 or Ross Upson on Canberra 02 6252 5644. SOURCES OF INCOME COMPONENTS OF TOTAL INCOME During 1998-99 the retail trade industry generated $169.3 billion in total income. Of this total 86% ($146.2 billion) were retail sales. As well, the retail industry generated $12.8 billion in service income (such as income from repairs to goods, takings from meals, commission income and rent, leasing and hiring income) and $8.2 billion in wholesale sales. RETAIL SALES The Supermarkets and grocery stores industry groups recorded the highest retail sales by far with $38.3 billion which was 26% of total retail sales. Specialised food retailing ($16.4 billion), Furniture, houseware and appliance retailing ($16.3 billion) and Motor vehicle retailing ($16.2 billion) were the next highest, each contributing approximately 11% to total retail sales. Household equipment repair services had the lowest retail sales ($0.1 billion) as income in this industry is derived mainly from services or repair activities. WHOLESALE SALES Wholesale sales include goods sold by retailers to other businesses, including export sales. Details in this publication relating to wholesale sales have been provided for Motor vehicle parts and accessories, Fleet sales of motor vehicles, Sales of motor vehicles to dealers, Other sales of commercial vehicles, and Other wholesale sales only. Overall, wholesale sales contributed $8.2 billion (5%) to total sales in the retail trade industry. Motor vehicle retailing, however, had a significant proportion of its income, 25% or $5.7 billion, derived from wholesale sales. The motor vehicle retailing industry has a mixture of sales to the general public as well as sales to fleet operators, government, rental companies or other businesses and other motor vehicle dealers. Two industry classes, Domestic hardware and houseware retailing and Tyre retailing, also received a significant amount of their total income from wholesale sales (14% each). Apart from industry classes Trailer and caravan dealing and Specialised food retailing n.e.c. where 5% of their income is derived from wholesale sales, all the remaining retail industries derived less than 5% of their total income from wholesale sales. In fact, for more than half of the remaining retailers, wholesale sales was less than 1% of total income. SERVICE INCOME Total service income ($12.8 billion), made up of Other service income ($11.5 billion), Commission income ($0.9 billion) and Rent, leasing and hiring income ($0.4 billion), contributed 8% to total income. The major contributor to Other service income was Motor vehicle services ($8.4 billion). Within this industry group, the two industry classes predominantly involved in repair activity were Automotive repair and services n.e.c. and Smash repairing which accounted for 84% of Other service income. The Automotive repair and services n.e.c. industry class derived 90% or $4.1 billion of total income from Other service income, whilst Smash repairing derived 98% or $3.0 billion of total income from Other service income. These classes contributed 49% and 35% respectively in Other service income in the Motor vehicle services industry group. Apart from the repair and service industries, only Floor covering retailing recorded a significant proportion (10%) of Other service income. COMMODITY SALES AND GROSS MARGINS COMMODITY SALES The commodity classification used in the Retail industry survey was formed by aggregating the 1,100 or so products in the ABS's Input/Output Product Classification, taking into account how products sold by retail businesses are grouped in business records, and the need to comply with international standards. For the purposes of this publication, the 127 retail commodities formed by this aggregation process have been grouped under eight generic categories to provide a broad structure for the individual commodity items and to facilitate their location in the tables. The eight broad groupings are as follows: Clothing and accessories
Motor vehicles and associated goods Sales and gross margin information for individual commodities within these broad categories are shown in Table 2. For a full explanation of the 'includes' and 'excludes' for individual commodity items the reader should consult the detailed descriptions in the Appendix. Of the $146.2 billion in retail sales recorded in 1998-99, the largest individual commodity was Petrol, diesel and distillate with $10.8 billion, followed by Take away food, ice cream, soft drinks, milk drinks etc. (for immediate consumption) with $7.5 billion and New cars and passenger vans with $7.1 billion. The commodity grouping with the largest sales was Food and groceries with $51.5 billion or 35% of total retail sales. According to estimated resident population figures for Australia at June 1999, this represented an average of $2,715 per head of population spent on food and groceries over the year. The major item in this commodity grouping was Take away food, ice cream, soft drinks, milk drinks etc. (for immediate consumption) with $7.5 billion, whilst $5.2 billion was spent on Fresh fruit and vegetables, $4.7 billion on Cigarettes, cigars and other tobacco products and $3.9 billion on Bread, cakes, pastries and biscuits. The next largest commodity group was Personal and other goods with sales of $31.6 billion, or 22% of retail sales. Of this amount $7.0 billion was spent on Medical and pharmaceutical products, $4.1 billion on Cosmetics, perfumes and toiletries and $2.1 billion on Newspapers, periodicals and maps. Motor vehicles and associated goods recorded $30.1 billion (or 21%) of total retail sales. Within this group the largest contributing commodities were Petrol, diesel and distillate ($10.8 billion), New cars and passenger vans ($7.1 billion) and Used cars and passenger vans ($6.9 billion). HISTORICAL COMPARISON Due to the differences in the commodity classifications between 1991-92 and 1998-99 only limited comparisons can be made and these are at the broader level aggregates. Of the eight retail commodity groups in 1998-99, all but Hardware are able to be compared with 1991-92. The percentage share of total retail sales of most of the seven comparable groups have remained fairly stable. The largest increases in percentage share of total retail sales occurred in Personal and other goods, up 5% to 22%. GROSS MARGIN Gross margin is the difference between the price for which a business purchases goods and the price for which they are sold. Gross margin information presented in Table 2 for each commodity has been expressed as a percentage of sales. The commodity groupings Clothing and accessories (44%), Footwear (43%) and Fabrics and soft furnishings (41%) recorded the highest gross margins. The highest margin for an indivdual commodity was in the Personal and other goods commodity grouping where the commodities Jewellery and Silverware both recorded a gross margin of 49%. The lowest gross margin by far was recorded in the commodity grouping Motor vehicles and associated goods with only 10%. The lowest single commodity within this grouping was New cars and passenger vans which recorded a gross margin of only 5%. PERCENTAGE GROSS MARGIN BY COMMODITY GROUPING EXPLANATORY NOTES SCOPE AND COVERAGE 1 The scope of the Retail Industry Survey was all public and private employing businesses in Australia, recorded on the ABS Business Register with a predominant activity of retailing (i.e. ANZSIC Division G). The ABS defines a retail business as a business mainly engaged in the resale of new or used goods to final consumers for personal or household consumption or in selected repair activities such as repair of household equipment or motor vehicles. The population for the Retail Industry Survey was taken from the ABS Business Register and was limited to the 116,000 employing retail businesses on the register in June 1999. Non-employing businesses were therefore excluded from this collection. 2 Approximately 7,200 business units were selected from the population using stratified random sampling techniques. All businesses with 50 or more employees and/or multi-state retailing business units were selected in the sample. 3 Data in this publication have been adjusted to allow for lags in processing new businesses to the ABS business register, and the omission of some businesses from the business register. The majority of businesses affected and to which the adjustments apply are small in size. For more information, please refer to ABS Information Paper: Improvements to ABS Economic Statistics, 1997 (Cat. no. 1357.0). REFERENCE PERIOD 4 The statistical results in this publication are based on the financial year ending 30 June 1999. In a minority of cases, where businesses did not account on a June-year basis, details were reported in respect of the accounting year that ended between 1 October 1998 and 30 September 1999. STATISTICAL UNIT 5 The unit about which information was collected in the Retail Industry Survey is termed the management unit.The management unit is the highest-level accounting unit within a business, having regard for industry homogeneity, for which accounts are maintained. In nearly all cases it coincides with the legal entity owning the business (i.e. company, partnership, trust, sole operator, etc.). In the case of large diversified businesses, however, there may be more than one management unit, each coinciding with a 'division' or 'line of business'. A division or line of business is recognised where separate and comprehensive accounts are compiled for it. CLASSIFICATION BY INDUSTRY 6 This publication presents statistics in Tables 1, 3 and 4 classified according to the Australian and New Zealand Standard Industry Classification, 1993 (Cat. no. 1292.0). Each business unit is classified to a single industry. The industry allocated is based on an estimate of the primary activity of the management unit irrespective of whether a range of activities or a single activity is undertaken by the unit. For example a management unit which derives most of its income from retailing activities would have all of its operations included in the aggregates for retailing, even if significant secondary activities (e.g. wholesaling) were undertaken. CLASSIFICATION BY COMMODITY 7 The product classification used in Tables 2, 3, 4 and 5 was formed by aggregating the 1,100 or so products in the Input/Output Product Classification taking into account how products sold by retail businesses are grouped in records, and the need to comply with international standards. RELIABILITY OF THE DATA 8 The estimates in this publication are subject to sampling and non-sampling error. STANDARD ERROR 9 The estimates in this publication are based on information from a sample of businesses in the surveyed population. Consequently, the estimates in this publication are subject to sampling variability; that is, they may differ from the figures that would have been obtained if all units had been included in the survey. One measure of the likely difference is given by the standard error (SE), which indicates the extent to which an estimate might have varied by chance because only a sample of units was included. 10 There are two chances in three that a sample estimate will differ by less than one SE from the figure that would have been obtained if a census had been conducted, and approximately 19 chances in 20 that the difference will be less than 2 SEs. RELATIVE STANDARD ERROR 11 Sampling variability can be measured by the relative standard error (RSE) which is obtained by expressing the SE as a percentage of the estimate to which it refers. The RSE is a useful measure in that it provides an immediate indication of the percentage errors likely to have occurred due to sampling, and thus avoids the need to refer also to the size of the estimate. 12 As an example of the above, the estimate of Petrol diesel and distillate sales is $10,763 million and the RSE is 7.4%, giving an SE of $796 million. Therefore, there would be 2 chances in 3 that, if all units had been included in the survey, a figure of $9,967 million to $11,559 million would have been obtained, and 19 chances in 20 (i.e. a confidence level of 95%) that the figure would have been in the range $9,229 million to $12,414 million. 13 Information about the relative standard errors relating to key aggregates in this publication can be found in the table at the end of these Explanatory Notes. NON-SAMPLING ERROR 14 Errors other than those due to sampling may occur because of deficiencies in the register of units from which the sample was selected, non-response, and imperfections in reporting by respondents. Inaccuracies of this kind are referred to as non-sampling errors and they may occur in any collection, whether it be a census or a sample. 15 While it is not possible to quantify non-sampling error, every effort has been made to reduce non-sampling error to a minimum by careful design and testing of questionnaires, efficient operating procedures and systems, and appropriate methodology. AVAILABILITY OF ADDITIONAL DATA 16 Enquires for further information about these and related statistics in this publication can be made by telephoning the National Information Services 1300 135 070 or Ross Upson on Canberra 02 6252 5644. COMPARABILITY WITH 1991-92 RETAIL INDUSTRY SURVEY OUTPUT 17 The 1991-92 Retail Industry Survey was collected from 29,000 retail businesses using a broad commodity classification containing 41 categories. The 1998-99 Retail Industry Survey was collected from a smaller sample of 7,200 retail businesses using a finer level commodity classification containing 151 categories. Consequently, a number of cells have a high RSE in 1998-99. 18 It is therefore difficult to draw accurate comparisons as there are a limited number of broad categories which support a one to one match across the two collections. GENERAL ACKNOWLEDGMENT 19 ABS publications draw extensively on information provided freely by individuals, businesses, governments and other organisations. Their continued cooperation is much appreciated; without it, the wide range of statistics published by the ABS would not be available. Information received by the ABS is treated in strict confidence as required by the Census and Statistics Act 1905.
APPENDIX DESCRIPTION OF COMMODITY ITEMS OVERVIEW This Appendix has been prepared to help users understand the ordering of income items within the tables, and to provide more detailed information on the range of sales items comprising individual commodity items. The 127 detailed commodity items provided by respondents in respect of retail sales have been grouped under eight generic categories to provide broad structure to the individual commodity items, and to facilitate their location in the tables. The eight broad groupings are as follows:
Motor vehicles and associated goods In addition, data providers were requested to provide estimates of their wholesale sales, commission income, leasing and hiring income, service income and other income. These additional income items are presented at the end of the commodity listing. Detailed 'includes' and 'excludes' for the income items mentioned above are also presented in the commodity listing and should be consulted by the reader. DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS OF COMMODITIES AND INCOME ITEMS To assist in the definition of commodity items a list of the commodities, together with a list of the includes and the excludes, as contained on the actual forms used for the survey, are provided below. Where items do not have includes or excludes the item description itself is considered self explanatory. Clothing and Accessories Women's and girls' clothing
Excludes sleepwear, underwear and hosiery, swimwear, tracksuits and other sportswear. Men's and boys' clothing
Excludes sleepwear, underwear and hosiery, swimwear, tracksuits and other sportswear. Infants' clothing (sizes 0000 to 1)
Sleepwear and underwear
Excludes dressing gowns and robes. Swimwear, tracksuits and other sportswear
Other clothing and clothing accessories
Excludes footwear, jewellery, handbags. Footwear
Other sports footwear
Hiking boots
Other footwear
Excludes running and jogging shoes, other sports specific footwear, hiking boots. Fabrics and soft furnishings Yarns and fabrics Textile products and haberdashery
Household goods Furniture and mattresses Includes outdoor furniture.
Awnings and blinds
Floor coverings
Excludes ceramic tiles, takings from laying carpet. Television sets
Video cassette recorders and players
Audio equipment
Excludes musical instruments and related equipment. Domestic appliances-See Glossary
Excludes installation or delivery charges. Other household appliances and parts
China, glassware, cutlery and other kitchenware
Excludes silverware. Telephone handsets, answering machines, facsimile machines and modems sold separately
Excludes mobile phones. Personal computers
Excludes organisers, diaries. Computer peripherals, parts and accessories
Excludes modems sold separately. Blank computer storage media Includes disks, tapes, etc.
On tape, disk, cartridge, CDROM, DVD-ROM. Computer game machines Includes hand-held units, consoles for use with a television. Other electronic equipment
Lawn mowers Includes push and ride on mowers. Other lawn and garden machinery and equipment Includes garden tools, lawn trimmers. Excludes lawn mowers. Personal and other goods Blank audio and video media Includes tapes, cassettes and recordable CDs. Prerecorded audio CD's Includes audio CDs, DVDs Other prerecorded audio media
Excludes CDs. Prerecorded video cassettes Mobile phones
Excludes connection fees, commission for the sales of a 'call plan'. Musical instruments
Excludes tuition books. Cosmetics, perfumes and toiletries
Excludes detergents. Medical and pharmaceutical products
Watches and clocks Jewellery Silverware
Handbags, suitcases and travel sets
Greeting cards Stationery
Newspapers, periodicals and maps Other paper products
Writing and marking equipment
Artworks
Craftworks
Bicycles Ride-on-toys Other toys and games
Excludes video games. Fishing tackle and bait supplies Other sporting goods
Excludes sportswear, sporting footwear. Camping equipment
Cameras and lenses Includes video cameras. Other photographic equipment and supplies
Excludes film processing on own premises. Antiques and second-hand goods
Excludes motor vehicles, trailers. Souvenirs
Pets Plants Seeds Fertilisers
Pesticides, insecticides, fungicides and herbicides
Other garden supplies
Cut flowers and floral arrangements
Excludes pot plants. Kerosene Food and Groceries Take-away food, ice-cream, soft drinks, milk drinks etc (for immediate consumption)
Excludes ice-cream sold for consumption at a later date, confectionery. Confectionery, chocolate and cocoa products
Bacon, ham and smallgoods
Fresh meat
Fresh poultry
Fresh seafood
Fresh fruit and vegetables
Frozen meat
Frozen poultry Frozen seafood Frozen fruit and vegetables Frozen cakes, pastries and biscuits Includes frozen pizzas. Bread, cakes, pastries and biscuits
Ice-cream and frozen confections
Milk and cream
Excludes canned milk, dried milk-regular and skim. Cheese Other dairy products
Margarine, oils and fats Eggs and egg pulp Flour Cereal foods and baking mixes Canned foods
Excludes canned pet foods, soft drinks and juices. Sugar Coffee Tea Fruit juice Soft drinks, cordials and syrups
Other food products
Cigarettes, cigars and other tobacco products
Cleaning preparations
Excludes soap. Prepared animal and bird food
Beer
Wine
Spirits and other alcoholic beverages
Hardware Hand tools, powered Hand tools, unpowered
Paint
Plumbing supplies
Excludes ceramic wall, floor and roofing tiles. Metal fasteners
Other metal products
Excludes doors and security screens. Cement Other builders' hardware and supplies Electrical hardware
Motor vehicles and associated goods Parts and accessories for motor cycles and motor scooters
Excludes clothing and boots, batteries, parts used in repairs. New and used tyres and tubes for motor vehicles (sold to the public)
Excludes tyres for motor cycles, tyres for farm machinery, construction, mining, etc. New wet cell batteries (sold to the public)
Oils and lubricants
Excludes motor spirits, kerosene. Petrol, diesel and distillate
LPG-automotive and bottled New cars and passenger vans
Used cars and passenger vans
New motor cycles and motor scooters
Used motor cycles and motor scooters
New caravans and camping trailers
Excludes boat trailers, revenue from hiring caravans. Used caravans and camping trailers
Excludes boat trailers, revenue from hiring caravans. New boats, outboard motors and boat trailers Includes all parts and accessories for boats.
Used boats, outboard motors and boat trailers Includes all parts and accessories for boats.
Wholesale sales Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Fleet sales of motor vehicles
Sales of motor vehicles to other dealers
Other sales of commercial vehicles
Other wholesale sales
Commission income
Rent, leasing and hiring income Rent, leasing and hiring income
Total other service income Meals sold for consumption on premises
Excludes meals consumed on the premises served without cutlery and/or in take away packaging. Smash repairs Other motor vehicle repairs and services Other service income
GLOSSARY Commission income Includes income received from sales of goods not owned by the business. Domestic appliances Includes domestic stoves, refrigerators, freezers, washing machines, wall and microwave ovens, dryers, dishwashers, airconditioners, evaporative coolers and space heaters. Gross Margin The difference between the price for which a business purchases goods and the price for which they are sold. Other income Includes interest, government funding, royalties and dividends, net profit (loss) on the sale of non-current assets, foreign loans as a result of variations in foreign exchange rates/transaction and on share trading. Excluded are extraordinary profits or losses such as goodwill revaluations. Other service income Includes consultancy fees, installation fees, management and administration service fees, subscriptions and membership fees and other specified and unspecified service fees. Retail sales Includes sales of goods to the public, delivery charges not seperately invoiced and export sales to final consumers. Rent, leasing and hiring income Includes income received from renting, leasing or hiring of vehicles, land, buildings, plant, machinery, equipment and any other property to other businesses or individuals. RSE Relative standard error. See paragraph 11-13 of the Explanatory Notes. Sales As shown in the heading in table 2 refers to an income item which is in the main retail sales. All items appearing below the total retail sales figure in the table are other sources of income. Total income The sum of all income items. The major items included are retail sales, wholesale sales, service and other income. Income from all other sources such as renting, leasing, hiring, interest earned, government funding, royalty and dividend are also included. Wholesale sales Includes goods sold to other businesses, delivery charges not seperately invoiced to other businesses and export sales to other businesses. Document Selection These documents will be presented in a new window.
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