8104.0 - Research and Experimental Development, Businesses, Australia, 2015-16 
Quality Declaration
Quality Declaration ARCHIVED ISSUE Released at 11:30 AM (CANBERRA TIME) 15/09/2017
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EXPLANATORY NOTES
7 Businesses contributing to the estimates in this publication are sourced from the ABS Business Register (ABSBR), and are selected at either the Australian Business Number (ABN) unit or the Type of Activity Unit (TAU) level, as described below. 8 In the Survey of R&D, Businesses, the statistical unit used to represent the majority of businesses, and for which statistics are reported, is the ABN unit. The ABN unit is the business unit which has registered for an ABN, and appears on the Australian Tax Office (ATO) administered Australian Business Register (ABR). This unit is suitable for ABS statistical needs when the business is simple in structure. In these instances, one ABN equates to one statistical unit. These units are collectively referred to as the non-profiled population. 9 For more significant and diverse businesses where the ABN unit is not suitable for ABS statistical needs, the statistical unit used is the TAU, which comprises one or more business entities, sub-entities or branches of a business entity within an Enterprise Group that can report production and employment activities. When a minimum set of data items is available, a TAU is created which covers all the operations within an industry subdivision. The TAU is classified to the relevant subdivision of the Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification (ANZSIC). These units are collectively referred to as the profiled population. 10 Further information on the ABSBR and ABS economic units model can be found in Australian Bureau of Statistics Business Register. INDUSTRY CLASSIFICATION 11 The statistics in this release are classified to industry in accordance with the Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification (ANZSIC), 2006 (cat. no. 1292.0). 12 Each ABN unit/TAU is classified by the ABS to the industry in which it mainly operates. For the Survey of R&D, Businesses, where an Enterprise Group sets up a dedicated research unit, that unit is classified to the predominant industry of the group rather than to Scientific research services (ANZSIC 6910), in accordance with standards set out in the OECD Frascati Manual 2015. SCOPE AND COVERAGE 13 From 2005-06, the survey scope was adjusted to:
14 Intramural expenditure is defined as expenditure for R&D performed by the statistical unit regardless of the source of funds. Expenditures made outside the statistical unit but in support of intramural R&D are included; for example, payments for analytical work, engineering or specialised services which form part of an R&D project performed by the statistical unit. R&D funded by the statistical unit but performed wholly by another organisation on their behalf (extramural R&D) is excluded. R&D performed overseas by Australian businesses is included. For further information, refer to the OECD Frascati Manual 2015. 15 Prior to the 2005-06 cycle, the Survey of R&D, Businesses included all Australian businesses performing R&D (regardless of the expenditure value) with the exception of businesses mainly engaged in agriculture, forestry and fishing activities. 16 The ABS identifies businesses for inclusion in the Survey of R&D, Businesses frame if the business:
SURVEY METHODOLOGY 17 Collection of data included in this release was undertaken based on a stratified random sample of 3,937 businesses sourced from the Survey of R&D, Businesses frame. The sample was stratified by industry Division and/or Subdivision, and Size group based on their expected R&D expenditure. All businesses on the Survey of R&D, Businesses frame within certain strata were included in the sample if they met industry specific thresholds. Thresholds were based on industry characteristics, expected expenditure and number of businesses in the strata. While the sample design excludes businesses with intramural expected expenditure on R&D of less than $100,000, data of selected businesses which reported expenditure below this threshold are included in the estimates. 18 For the 2015-16 reference period, the survey has been conducted predominantly via online forms. The survey achieved a response rate of 96%. 19 A predictive model was used to estimate Gross Expenditure on Research and Experimental Development (GERD) for the 2015-16 year. This approach utilises a combination of budget papers and annual reports as input variables for modelling the expenditure for the Government, Private Non-Profit and Higher Education sectors. The methodology centres around the major contributing organisations from each sector, which demonstrate a consistent share of total R&D expenditure over time. Expenditure for the Business sector utilised directly collected information for 2015-16. EMPLOYMENT SIZE 20 Businesses were asked to report the number of persons working for the business during the last pay period in June 2016. For output purposes, businesses are classified to employment size groups based on data reported in the survey. LOCATION OF EXPENDITURE 21 Location of expenditure relates to the region(s) in which the business reported having performed R&D during the reference period. This may not be the head office location of the business. AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND STANDARD RESEARCH CLASSIFICATION (ANZSRC) 22 Type of Activity, Fields of Research and Socio-economic Objective statistics presented in this release have been collected and compiled based on the Australian and New Zealand Standard Research Classification (ANZSRC), 2008 (cat. no. 1297.0). GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT (GDP) AND GROSS STATE PRODUCT (GSP) 23 The most recent GDP and GSP values available were used to calculate the R&D expenditure/GDP and R&D expenditure/GSP ratios presented in this issue. These values are referenced in the tables below and have been revised from those used to calculate ratios in previous issues.
24 GDP is estimated by the ABS according to the international standards contained in the System of National Accounts, 2008 (2008 SNA) and is not directly comparable to GDP from countries where these standards have not been applied. CHAIN VOLUME MEASURES 25 The chain volume measures appearing in this release are annually reweighted chain Laspeyres indexes referenced to the current price values in a chosen reference year (currently 2015-16). They can be thought of as current price values re-expressed in (i.e. based on) the prices of the previous year and linked together to form continuous time series. They are formed in a multi-stage process of which the major steps are described in Section 15 of the Information Paper: Australian National Accounts, Introduction of Chain Volume Measures and Price Indexes (cat. no. 5248.0). R&D DEFLATORS 26 With the implementation of 2008 SNA, deflators used to calculate the chain volume measure of expenditure on R&D were revised to better capture changes in the unit value of labour used in the production of R&D services, and to increase and refine the number of products included in the deflators. The revised deflators have been used for Business R&D statistics from the 2007-08 survey cycle. ROUNDING 27 Where figures have been rounded, discrepancies may occur between the sum of the component items and totals. UPCOMING RELEASES 28 Upcoming releases of R&D statistics include: Research and Experimental Development, Higher Education Organisations, Australia, 2016 (cat. no. 8111.0), scheduled for release in May 2018 Research and Experimental Development, Government and Private Non-Profit Organisations, Australia, 2016-17 (cat. no. 8109.0), scheduled for release in July 2018 OTHER RELATED RELEASES 29 Users may also wish to refer to the following releases:
Business Use of Information Technology, 2015-16 (cat. no. 8129.0) Research and Experimental Development, Government and Private Non-Profit Organisations, Australia, 2014-15 (cat. no. 8109.0) Selected Characteristics of Australian Business, 2015-16 (cat. no. 8167.0) Research and Experimental Development, Higher Education Organisations, Australia, 2014 (cat. no. 8111.0) Microdata: Business Characteristics, Australia, 2009-10 to 2013-14 (cat. no. 8168.0.55.001) Innovation in Australian Business, 2014-15 (cat. no. 8158.0) Management and Organisational Capabilities of Australian Business, 2015-16 (cat. no. 8172.0) 30 Relevant OECD publications include: ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 31 The ABS acknowledges the ongoing contribution made by the Department of Industry, Innovation and Science in providing R&D tax incentive and grants lists. 32 ABS publications draw extensively on information provided freely by individuals, businesses, governments and other organisations. Their continued cooperation is very much appreciated: without it, the wide range of statistics published by the ABS would not be available. Information received by the ABS is treated in strict confidence as required by the Census and Statistics Act 1905. ABS DATA AVAILABLE ON REQUEST 33 As well as the statistics included in this and related publications, the ABS may have other relevant data available on request. Inquiries should be made to the National Information and Referral Service on 1300 135 070. Document Selection These documents will be presented in a new window.
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