6306.0 - Employee Earnings and Hours, Australia, Aug 2008
ARCHIVED ISSUE Released at 11:30 AM (CANBERRA TIME) 17/06/2009
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EXPLANATORY NOTES
6 The employees of employers covered in the survey are in scope if they received pay for the reference period, except:
SURVEY METHODOLOGY AND DESIGN 7 The Survey of Employee Earnings and Hours uses a two-stage sample selection approach. The first stage involves selecting a probability sample of employer units from the ABS Business Register. The statistical unit for the first stage comprises all activities of an employer in a particular state or territory based on the Australian Business Number (ABN) unit or Type of Activity Unit (TAU) (see paragraphs 12-16). Each statistical unit is classified to an industry which reflects the predominant activity of the business. The statistical units are stratified by state/territory, sector (private/public), industry, and employment size. For the public sector, level of government (i.e. Commonwealth government, State/Local government) is also used as a stratification variable. Within each stratum statistical units are selected with equal probability. A sample of approximately 10,000 employer (selection) units was selected to ensure adequate industry and state/territory representation. 8 In the second stage the selected employers are asked to select a random sample of employees from their payrolls using instructions provided by the ABS. Data for approximately 57,000 employees contributed to the results in this publication. STATISTICAL UNITS DEFINED ON THE ABS BUSINESS REGISTER 9 The ABS uses an economic statistics units model on the ABS Business Register to describe the characteristics of businesses (and other organisations, including government departments), and the structural relationships between related businesses. The units model is also used to group related businesses into relatively homogeneous components that can provide data to the ABS. 10 In mid 2002, to better use the information available as a result of The New Tax System, the ABS changed its economic statistics units model. The new units model allocates businesses to one of two sub-populations. The vast majority of businesses are in what is called the ATO Maintained Population, while the remaining businesses are in the ABS Maintained Population. Together, these two sub-populations make up the ABS Business Register population. ATO MAINTAINED POPULATION 11 Most businesses and organisations in Australia need to obtain an Australian Business Number (ABN), and are then included on the ATO Australian Business Register. Most of these businesses have simple structures, in which case the unit registered for an ABN will satisfy ABS statistical requirements. For these businesses, the ABS has aligned its statistical units structure with the ABN unit. The businesses with simple structures constitute the ATO Maintained Population, and the ABN unit is used for these businesses as the statistical unit for all economic collections. ABS MAINTAINED POPULATION 12 For the population of businesses where the ABN unit is not suitable for ABS statistical requirements, the ABS maintains its own units structure through direct contact with the business. These businesses constitute the ABS Maintained Population. This population consists typically of large, complex and diverse businesses. The new statistical units model described below is used for these businesses. 13 Enterprise Group: This is a unit covering all the operations in Australia of one or more legal entities under common ownership and/or control. It covers all the operations in Australia of legal entities which are related in terms of the current Corporations Law (as amended by the Corporations Legislation Amendment Act 1991), including legal entities such as companies, trusts, and partnerships. Majority ownership is not required for control to be exercised. 14 Enterprise: The enterprise is an institutional unit comprising (i) a single legal entity or business entity, or (ii) more than one legal entity or business entity within the same Enterprise Group and in the same institutional sub-sector (i.e. they are all classified to a single Standard Institutional Sector Classification of Australia (SISCA) sub-sector). 15 Type of Activity Unit (TAU): The TAU comprises one or more business entities, sub-entities or branches of a business entity within an Enterprise Group that can report production and employment data for similar economic activities. When a minimum set of data items is available, a TAU is created which covers all the operations within an industry sub-division (and the TAU is classified to the relevant sub-division of ANZSIC). Where a business cannot supply adequate data for each industry, a TAU is formed which contains activity in more than one industry sub-division. 16 For more information on the impacts of the introduction of the new economic statistics units model, refer to Information Paper: Improvements in ABS Economic Statistics [Arising from The New Tax System] (cat. no. 1372.0). INDUSTRY CLASSIFICATION 17 Each statistical unit is classified to an industry which reflects the primary activity of the organisation in the state or territory. The industry classification used in this publication differs from previous publications. Data in previous publications of this series issued since 1994 are classified according to the Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification (ANZSIC), 1993. This classification has since been replaced by the Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification (ANZSIC), 2006 (cat. no. 1292.0). The 2006 edition of ANZSIC was developed to provide a more contemporary industrial classification system taking into account issues such as changes in the structure and composition of the economy, changing user demands and compatibility with major international classification standards. 18 Broad level industry data from the 2008 Survey of Employee Earnings and Hours is available on an ANZSIC 1993 basis, as an aid to analysis. While this publication only includes data classified to ANZSIC 2006, alternate data classified to ANZSIC 1993 are available in the electronic data release (data cubes) accompanying this publication, which is available on the ABS web site <https://www.abs.gov.au>. 19 Employees selected in the Survey of Employee Earnings and Hours are classified to the industry of the organisation in which they are employed. OCCUPATION CLASSIFICATION 20 Each employee in the survey is classified to an occupation based on their job title and duties. Since May 2006, the classification used in this publication is the Australian and New Zealand Standard Classification of Occupations (ANZSCO), First Edition (cat. no. 1220.0). Data in previous publications of this series issued since 1996 are based on the Australian Standard Classification of Occupations (ASCO), Second Edition. MANAGERIAL STATUS 21 Employees have been classified as managerial if they have strategic responsibilities in the conduct or operations of the organisation and/or were in charge of a significant number of employees. These employees usually did not have an entitlement to paid overtime. All other employees have been classified as non-managerial. 22 Care should be taken when comparing survey estimates based on ANZSCO groups with estimates based on the managerial status of employees. Estimates for employees with managerial status include employees classified to ANZSCO categories other than the ANZSCO major group Managers; e.g. employees classified as Professionals according to ANZSCO may be categorised by employers as having managerial status. Conversely, tables in this publication which contain estimates for non-managerial employees (as defined by employers) include some employees classified to the ANZSCO major group Managers. METHODS OF SETTING PAY 23 Data on how employees' pay was set in the survey reference period have been collected in the survey since May 2000. Since May 2000, data have also been collected on whether agreements (individual or collective) were certified, approved or registered with an industrial tribunal or authority. 24 From May 2002, each survey cycle has collected data on whether the main part of employees' pay was set by individual agreement, collective agreement or award. The May 2000 survey collected data on whether all or any part of employees' pay was set by an individual agreement, collective agreement, award, or a combination of these. It is considered unlikely that the change between 2000 and 2002 will affect comparability of estimates across time. 25 Estimates of employees covered by the various pay setting methods, and their associated pay outcomes, have been compiled based on the workplace relations environment following the introduction of the Workplace Relations Amendment (Work Choices) Act 2005. Data in previous publications of this series issued since 2000 are based on the workplace relations environment prior to the introduction of this legislation. Previously, employers could essentially choose whether to access the federal or state workplace relations systems (i.e. by using a federal or state award, collective or individual agreement to set the pay and conditions of their employees). Alternatively they could choose to negotiate pay and conditions outside of either the federal or state systems (through an unregistered arrangement, e.g. common-law contract). However, since the introduction of the Workplace Relations Amendment (Work Choices) Act 2005 in March 2006, employers (and their employees) within scope of this legislation are deemed to be in the federal jurisdiction. This comprises:
26 For this publication employers have been categorised to either the federal or state jurisdiction largely on the basis of the Type of Legal Organisation (TOLO) indicator, as well as information on their state or territory. Employers who are located in Victoria, the Australian Capital Territory or the Northern Territory, as well as employers who are Ltd or Pty Ltd companies, Federal government departments, etc. have been categorised to the federal jurisdiction. Employers who are not located in Victoria, the Australian Capital Territory or the Northern Territory, and who are sole traders, partnerships, state government departments, etc. have been categorised to the state jurisdiction. For some employers, the TOLO indicator does not provide sufficient information to reliably determine whether they are in the federal or state jurisdiction (e.g. charitable institutions, local government authorities, trusts). 27 It should be noted that the TOLO indicator provides information on whether an employer is incorporated, but not whether the employer is a constitutional corporation. For this publication, all incorporated employers have been assumed to be constitutional corporations. However, while most incorporated employers are likely to be constitutional corporations, there may be some incorporated employers who are not constitutional corporations as they are not financial or trading enterprises. Despite these limitations, it is possible to use this information, along with information on the prevailing pay-setting instruments, to provide a broad indication of the proportion of employees in the federal and state workplace relations jurisdictions for pay setting purposes. EMPLOYEE ESTIMATES 28 Estimates of the number of employees based on the EEH survey are provided in the publication to assist in interpreting tables that contain proportions of employees for earnings ranges and methods of setting pay. Other estimates of employees, classified by selected characteristics, may be available on request to assist users in interpreting other estimates from the survey. Although the EEH survey can provide estimates of the number of employees, it is not designed specifically for this purpose (the ABS Labour Force Survey is the primary source for official ABS statistics of employment). Therefore, care should be taken in the interpretation and use of such estimates. COMPARABILITY OF RESULTS 29 From May 2006, estimates of employee earnings from the Survey of Employee Earnings and Hours have been produced on a cash basis, that is, inclusive of amounts salary sacrificed. This differs from estimates provided in previous publications of this series, which excluded amounts salary sacrificed by employees. Estimates from the May 2004 and May 2002 surveys have also been reproduced on the new conceptual basis, and broad level estimates for these years were included in the electronic data release accompanying the May 2006 publication. 30 Care should be taken when comparing estimates of average weekly earnings from this survey with those published quarterly in Average Weekly Earnings, Australia (cat. no. 6302.0). Estimates of average weekly earnings in that publication continue to be compiled on the previous conceptual basis (i.e. exclusive of amounts salary sacrificed). Additionally, the two collections use different sample design and survey methodologies. The Survey of Average Weekly Earnings collects information relating to the total gross earnings and the total number of employees of employer units selected in the survey. The average weekly earnings measures are derived by dividing total gross earnings by the number of employees. The Survey of Employee Earnings and Hours collects information about weekly earnings of a sample of employees within the employer units selected. However, the size of the employer sample for the Survey of Employee Earnings and Hours is larger than that for the Survey of Average Weekly Earnings. RELIABILITY OF ESTIMATES 31 Estimates are subject to sampling and non-sampling errors. For information on the reliability of estimates see the Technical Note. RELATED PUBLICATIONS 32 Users may also wish to refer to the following publications:
ROUNDING 33 Estimates of earnings shown in the tables are rounded to the nearest 10 cents and those of average weekly hours paid for are rounded to the first decimal place. 34 Estimates of proportions of employees for earnings ranges and methods of setting pay are rounded to one-tenth of a percentage point. 35 Where figures have been rounded, discrepancies may occur between sums of the component items and totals. Document Selection These documents will be presented in a new window.
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