6248.0.55.002 - Employment and Earnings, Public Sector, Australia, 2017-18 
Quality Declaration
Quality Declaration ARCHIVED ISSUE Released at 11:30 AM (CANBERRA TIME) 08/11/2018
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EXPLANATORY NOTES
REFERENCE PERIOD 5 Although earnings estimates relate to the full twelve months of the financial year, employment estimates relate to the last pay period ending in June of the given year. As a result, estimates of wages and salaries per person employed may be affected by any fluctuations in employment during the reference period. 6 Financial data incorporate all units in scope of the SEE that were in operation at any time during the financial year. SCOPE AND COVERAGE 7 All Commonwealth, State/Territory and Local government units are represented in this survey except:
8 Also excluded are the following employees who are not regarded as employees for the purposes of this survey:
9 The sample for SEE, like most Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) business surveys, is selected from the ABS Business Register (ABSBR) which is primarily based on registrations to the Australian Taxation Office (ATO) Pay As You Go Withholding (PAYGW) scheme. The ABSBR is updated quarterly to take account of:
10 The estimates include an allowance for the time it takes newly registered businesses to be added to the survey population. 11 Businesses which have ceased employing are identified when the ATO cancels their PAYGW registration. In addition, businesses which have not remitted under the PAYGW scheme for the previous five quarters are removed from the population. SURVEY METHODOLOGY AND DESIGN 12 The SEE uses a sample survey methodology and collects information using web form questionnaires. Approximately 2,000 public sector employing units, selected from the ABS Business Register (ABSBR), are included in the survey. 13 The statistical unit for the survey comprises all the activities of a public sector employer in a particular state or territory based on the Australian Business Number (ABN) unit or Type of Activity Unit. Each statistical unit is classified to an industry which reflects the predominant activity of the business. The statistical units are stratified by state, industry and employment size, and within each stratum, statistical units are selected with equal probability. 14 A sample redesign and small domain estimation methodology were implemented for the 2013-14 survey. Both changes improved State by Level of Government estimate. The small domain estimation methodology involves adjusting the estimation weights to ensure that benchmark totals in each State by Level of Government cell within a stratum are met. This calibration to benchmark totals draws strength from the relationship between the data items and the benchmark variable to improve the State by Level of Government estimates. ABS ECONOMIC UNITS MODEL 15 The Economic Units Model is used by the ABS to determine the structure of Australian businesses and other organisations. The model consists of:
16 The EG and LE are institutional units and the TAU and Location are producing units. 17 The LE and the TAU are the main institutional and producing units used by the ABS to produce statistical outputs. 18 Diagram 1 illustrates the nature of the relationships between the different units within the model.
UNIT DEFINITIONS 19 The Legal Entity (LE) is an institutional unit covering all the operations in Australia of an entity which possesses some or all of the rights and obligations of individual persons or corporations, or which behaves as such in respect of those matters of concern for economic statistics. Examples of legal entities include companies, partnerships, trusts, sole (business) proprietorships, government departments and statutory authorities. Legal entities are institutional units. In most cases the LE is equivalent to a single ABN registration. 20 The Enterprise Group (EG) is an institutional unit that covers all the operations within Australia's economic territory of legal entities under common control. Control is defined in Corporations legislation. Majority ownership is not required for control to be exercised. 21 The Type of Activity Unit (TAU) comprises one or more Legal Entities, sub-entities or branches of a Legal entity that can report productive and employment activities. TAUs are created if accounts sufficient to approximate Industry Value Added (IVA) are available at the ANZSIC subdivision level. 22 A Location is a producing unit comprised of a single, unbroken physical area from which an organisation is engaged in productive activity on a relatively permanent basis, or at which the organisation is undertaking capital expenditure with the intention of commencing productive activity on a relatively permanent basis at some time in the future. CLASSIFICATION OF UNITS 23 Various classifications are applied to the units in the ABS Economic Units Model. The main classifications applied are:
24 ANZSIC is used to classify the industry in which the TAU has productive activity. Further information on this classification can be found in Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification (ANZSIC), 2006 (cat. no. 1292.0). 25 SISCA provides a framework for dividing the Australian economy into institutional sectors. Further information on this classification can be found in Standard Economic Sector Classifications of Australia (SESCA), 2008 (cat no. 1218.0). ABS BUSINESS REGISTER 26 The ABSBR is a list of businesses and organisations operating in Australia and is based on the Australian Business Register (ABR). Organisations are included on the ABR when they register for an Australian Business Number (ABN). The Commonwealth Government requires all government departments and agencies to make use of the ABR to reduce government imposed reporting load, and to use the ABN as the primary reference number for all dealings between government and business. The ABSBR is used to create frames for the various business surveys run by the ABS. 27 The results of these statistics are based, in part, on ABR data supplied by the Registrar to the ABS under A New Tax System (Australian Business Number) Act 1999 which requires that such data is only used for the purpose of carrying out functions of the ABS. No individual information collected under the Census and Statistics Act 1905 is provided back to the Registrar for administrative or regulatory purposes. Any discussions of data limitations or weaknesses is in the context of using the data for statistical purposes, and is not related to the ability of the data to support the ABR's core operational requirements. Legislative requirements to ensure privacy and secrecy of the data have been followed. Only people authorised under the Australian Bureau of Statistics Act 1975 have been allowed to view data about any particular firm in conducting this survey. In accordance with the Census and Statistics Act 1905, results have been confidentialised to ensure that they are not likely to enable identification of a particular person or organisation. 28 It is not practicable for the ABS Economic Units Model to be applied to all ABR registrants and is organised into two parts: the profiled population, and the non-profiled population. 29 Profiled Population: Businesses and other organisations which are considered sufficiently complex and significant, are profiled according to the Economic Units Model. These enterprise groups typically have multiple legal entities, multiple TAUs and are among the largest contributors within industries. 30 Non-Profiled Population: Businesses and other organisations with less complex structures. They are regarded as an enterprise group with a single legal entity and a single TAU in accordance with the Economic Units Model. Information for units in the non-profiled population is largely sourced from the ABR. 31 The two populations are mutually exclusive and cover all organisations in Australia which have registered for an ABN. INPUT INTO THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL ACCOUNTS 32 Estimates of employee remuneration for the public sector are one of the inputs into the gross domestic product component of the Australian National Accounts, specifically compensation of employees estimates. The private sector component of compensation of employees estimates is provided by the Quarterly Business Indicators Survey which is published in Business Indicators, Australia (cat. no. 5676.0). For further details see Australian System of National Accounts: Concepts, Sources and Methods (cat. no. 5216.0). COMPARABILITY OF RESULTS 33 The SEE was not conducted as a stand-alone survey in respect of 2010-11 or 2015-16. The 2010-11 and 2015-16 estimates of public sector employment and cash wages and salaries were produced from the Major Labour Costs Survey. However, the conceptual framework used is the same and the estimates can be compared with other years. 34 As noted in paragraph 3, estimates of employee earnings in this publication have been produced in accordance with the Australian conceptual framework for measures of employee remuneration. For details of this framework refer to chapter 12 of Labour Statistics: Concepts, Sources and Methods, Feb 2018 (cat. no. 6102.0.55.001). 35 The measure of employee earnings presented for the annual series is 'cash wages and salaries', which is regular and irregular wages and salaries in cash, including amounts salary sacrificed. 36 Care should be taken when comparing data for the public sector over time. Estimates of public sector employment and earnings can change over time due to: changes in the sample design; privatisation of public financial and public trading enterprises; changes to machinery of government, especially resulting from a change of government; and other changes to statistical unit structures, including industry classification, resulting from periodic updating of the Profiled population (refer paragraph 29). 37 Caution should be exercised when comparing estimates of numbers of employees from the SEE with those published monthly in Labour Force, Australia (cat. no. 6202.0) as there are a number of differences between the two collections. The SEE is a business survey that collects information from a sample of employers about their employees, whereas the Labour Force Survey is a household survey that collects information from the occupants of selected dwellings. The two collections use different sample design and survey methodologies and there are differences in scope and coverage. Users are directed to Labour Force, Australia (cat. no. 6202.0) as the primary source for official ABS estimates of employment. 38 SEE covers public sector organisations, including Commonwealth or state/territory government organisations, local government authorities, public corporations, universities, non-profit institutions controlled by the government, government marketing boards, legislative courts, municipal authorities and other statutory authorities. For the purposes of SEE, allocating an organisation to a Level of Government is undertaken by determining the institutional unit (i.e. Commonwealth, state or local government) deemed to exercise control. As such, where scoping and classification differences exist, SEE results may differ from other published sources. REVISIONS 39 Estimates for the 2016-17 reference year have been revised since the previous issue of this publication due to correcting errors to previously published data and more recent data becoming available. The revisions are incorporated in this publication. ROUNDING 40 Where figures have been rounded, discrepancies may occur between sums of the component items and totals. RELATED PUBLICATIONS 41 The following publications contain related information:
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