Quality Declaration
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INTRODUCTION
10 All alcohol available for consumption in a particular year is therefore assumed to have been consumed in that year. 11 Import clearance data are used in this publication to measure the quantity of alcohol imported into Australia. Import clearances relate to goods which are brought into Australia directly for home consumption, plus goods cleared from a bonded warehouse (that is, goods cleared into the Australian market for home consumption following payment of duty). Refer to International Merchandise Trade, Australia: Concepts, Sources and Methods, 2015 (cat. no. 5489.0) for more information. 12 Data provided by the ATO are administrative by-product data collected for the levying of excise tariffs. 13 Data relating to domestic sales of Australian produced wine is obtained directly by the ABS from winemakers. Indicator of domestic wine sales is based on industry data. See paragraphs 18 to 25 for more information. BEER 14 Estimates of the volume of beer available for consumption (in terms of total volume and volume of pure alcohol) are obtained from excise data on Australian production and import clearance data, as well as an estimated amount for home production. 15 Changes were made to excise data for beer provided by the ATO due to excise tariff reform in July 2006. Since then, only data on the dutiable quantity of alcohol in beer is provided to the ABS by the ATO. Data on the first 1.15% of alcohol in beer (which does not attract excise) and data on the total volume of beer is no longer available, therefore this data is estimated using separate strength estimates for packaged and bulk beer for each of the three beer strengths. This means the total quantity of alcohol and total volume of beer available for consumption, and apparent per capita consumption for beer, may not be directly comparable with data before 2006-07. The table below shows the average alcohol strengths of domestically produced beers for 2011-12 to 2016-17. ALCOHOL CONTENT OF DOMESTICALLY PRODUCED BEER, 2011-12 to 2016-17
16 As a result of excise tariff reform in July 2006, beer brewed on commercial premises for non-commercial purposes not separately identified previously was introduced to the ATO collection. Beer less than 3% volume of alcohol is included in low strength beer, while beer greater than 3% volume of alcohol is included in full strength beer (as the amount of mid strength beer brewed on commercial premises for non-commercial purposes is negligible). ALCOHOL CONTENT OF BEER, Type of beer
17 Prior to 2008-09, figures for beer included an estimated component for home production which was based on the survey Home Production of Selected Foodstuffs, Australia (cat. no. 7110.0), conducted in 1992. After a review into the estimated component for home production, incorporating advice from industry, the estimate for the home production of beer was marginally increased from 2.1% of total domestic beer available for consumption to 2.2%. WINE 18 This issue incorporates new methodology for estimating domestic wine consumption for the 2016-17 reference year. Unlike previous years where wine estimates were collected using ABS surveys, the 2016-17 estimates are a projection derived by applying a predictive growth rate to Domestic Wine Sales estimates from the ABS 2015-16 survey. The growth rate was developed using Wine Australia domestic sales estimates as an indicator. The domestic sales estimates can be found in Wine Australia's annual publication Australian wine: Production, sales and inventory 2016-17. Because this indicator has been produced annually for a number of years, ABS has been able to confirm the validity of the annual indicator by applying it to the 2013-14 ABS wine sales estimates (see Shipments of Wine and Brandy in Australia by Australian Winemakers and Importers, June 2014 (cat.no 8504.0) to derive a parallel annual series to compare with the published apparent consumption of alcohol time series estimates. As the difference in apparent consumption estimates between these series was found to be less than 2% in any year, they are considered within acceptable limits and fit for the purpose of contributing the wine component to the Apparent Consumption of Alcohol series. 19 The 2015-16 wine consumption estimates were collected in the Sales of Australian Wine by Winemakers survey. This collection was a sample survey of businesses from the ABS business register. 20 The 2015-16 Sales of Australian Wine by Winemakers survey surveyed wine making business entities that were classified to ANZSIC 0131 or ANZSIC 1214 or were considered to be significant contributors to the wine industry. Businesses with less than 5 employees were excluded from the sample frame and the survey aimed to completely enumerate businesses with 50 or more employees or those who were considered to be significant contributors to the wine industry. Some 149 businesses were selected in the 2015-16 wine survey (68 in the completely enumerated stratum) and the survey achieved a response rate of 85.9%. 21 Prior to the 2015-16 collection, the survey was a partial coverage census of wine making businesses with sales of at least 250,000 litres or more in either of the previous two financial years. For more information on the collections prior to 2015-16 see Shipments of Wine and Brandy in Australia by Australian Winemakers and Importers, June 2014 (cat.no 8504.0). 22 Other than the change in scope, the Sales of Australian wine by Winemakers 2015-16 survey and 2013-14 survey are largely comparable, with two differences to note. The reference period for the 2015-16 survey was one financial year (2015-16), while the 2013-14 and previous years data were based on the sum of four quarterly surveys. Respondents to the survey in 2013-14 and prior years were asked to report "Other wine products" including wine cocktails, marsala, apertif, tonic wines, de-alcoholised, low and reduced alcoholic wines, flavoured wine and vermouth at the final question in the survey. In the 2015-16 survey this question was changed to specifically only ask for "Other alcoholic wine products" including all of the above and specifically asking respondents to exclude Non-alcoholic wine. This may be contributing to the reduced rates of "other" wine within this publication (which also includes sparkling, carbonated wine and fortified wine). 23 As a sample survey the 2015-16 Sales of Australian Wine by Winemakers survey is subject to a small sampling error. This small error has not been published as the error decreases to marginal when the data is combined with imports data (and then further when combined with beer, spirits and cider data to derive total alcohol). Further, the surveys conducted prior to 2013-14 to collect domestic wine data were subject to non-sampling error due to the lack of coverage of smaller wine producers. 24 The Sales of Australian Wine by Winemakers survey was not conducted in 2014-15. In order to facilitate a complete 2014-15 dataset (ie. to be able to publish total alcohol), estimates for domestic wine in 2014-15 are interpolated using the average change of each type of wine over 5 previous years' data. Interpolated 2014-15 domestic wine data were combined with 2014-15 imports clearances from the DIBP to produce the 2014-15 wine data used in this publication. 25 Whilst the change in methodology between 2013-14 and 2016-17 in addition to the interpolation method applied to calculate the 2014-15 data is not expected to have a significant impact on the final results, comparisons between these years should be interpreted with caution. 26 In preparing the 2008-09 issue of Apparent Consumption of Alcohol, ABS undertook a comprehensive review of the alcohol content of wine in recognition of the effect that changing environmental conditions, industry practices and consumer preferences have had on wine. The review resulted in an increase of 1.9 percentage points for the assumed average alcohol content of table wine, from 10.8% to 12.7% (12.2% and 13.4% for white and red table wines, respectively). The assumed alcohol strength of sparkling and carbonated wine also increased while the assumed alcohol content of vermouth decreased. 27 Research by the Australian Wine Research Institute (Godden and Gishen, 2005) indicates that, overall, the average alcohol content of wines in Australia have increased since the mid 1980s. As a result, for the publication Apparent Consumption of Alcohol: Extended Time Series, 1944-45 to 2008-09 (cat. no. 4307.0.55.002), assumptions used in the calculation of alcohol in table wine were revised back to 1980-81. This was done by interpolating between the previous assumption for alcohol content of table wine (10.8% in 1979-80) and the new level (around 12.7% for red and white wine combined, in 2008-09). As volumes of red and white wine are available from 2000-01 onwards, separate assumptions were made for red and white wine for these years. Similarly, the alcohol content of sparkling wines was assumed to increase linearly between 1979-80 (10.6%) and 2008-09 (11.2%). The same assumptions for wine are used in this publication. Assumed concentrations of alcohol in wine are listed in the following table. ASSUMED ALCOHOL CONTENT OF WINE, 2004-05 to 2008-09 onwards
28 From 2009-10 onwards, data on domestic sales of vermouth are not available separately, but are included in 'Other wine not elsewhere included'. While alcohol content for these two categories differ, the very small amount of vermouth produced in recent years (less than 0.2% of total domestic wine volume in 2008-09) means that the inclusion of vermouth in 'Other wine not elsewhere included' has a negligible effect on the total volume of pure alcohol in wine. 29 Changes made to ACBPS tariff codes from 1 January 2012 have resulted in the combining of previously discrete wine codes for some wine types. See Information Paper: Changes to AHECC and Customs Tariff, 2012 (cat. no. 5368.0.55.017) for more information. Sensitivity analysis performed by the ABS indicates that assumptions made about the alcohol content of these combined codes have only a negligible effect on the total volume of pure alcohol in wine. SPIRITS 30 For spirits and RTDs the amount of alcohol available for consumption is only available as the quantity of pure alcohol. Data are obtained from import clearance data from the DIBP and excise data on domestic production of spirits from the ATO, with an adjustment to account for the excise paid on imported spirits which are commercially mixed with locally manufactured soft drinks after importation. Since 2003-04 the excise data used in these estimates have been obtained from the ATO. In previous years, excise data was obtained from the DIBP (then ACBPS). 31 Prior to 2011-12, estimates of the volume of pure alcohol of imported flavoured cider obtained from ACBPS had been included in estimates of spirits. However, as cider was reported separately for the first time in the 2011-12 publication for 2004-05 onwards, imported flavoured cider has been removed from spirits estimates for 2004-05 onwards. This has a negligible effect on spirits, as the volumes of imported flavoured cider during this period were only small.
READY TO DRINK (PRE-MIXED BEVERAGES) BEVERAGE TYPE, Proportion of total pure alcohol—National Health Survey and Apparent Consumption of Alcohol
42 According to the 2014-15 NHS, cider comprised 3.4% of the total volume of pure alcohol consumed. It was therefore assumed that cider would make up 3.4% of the total volume of pure alcohol of beer, wine, spirits and RTDs combined in the apparent consumption of alcohol collection in 2014-15 (176 719 million litres; see table below). Applying 3.4% to this figure results in an estimate of 6 220 million litres of pure alcohol of cider available for consumption in 2014-15, and therefore 182 939 million litres of pure alcohol available for consumption from all beverages. CIDER, Calculation of apparent consumption—2004-05 to 2016-17
r revisions within this table are also a result of revisions to cider estimates (see paragraph 46) 43 Estimates of cider have not been produced for years prior to 2004-05 as information is not available from earlier National Health Surveys. 44 For years in between the National Health Surveys, the trend observed between the previous two surveys is applied to the proportion used to calculate the contribution of cider to pure alcohol available for consumption. So 2.3% and 2.8% have been applied to the 2012-13 and 2013-14 data respectively to reflect the trend between the 2011-12 and 2014-15 National Health Surveys. For 2016-17, Cider was assumed to account for 3.4% of all pure alcohol available for consumption in Australia, maintaining the 2014-15 share of total alcohol. 45 It should be noted that the method described above is an approximation, but allows an assessment of the relative impact of recent increases in cider on the total level of apparent consumption of alcohol in Australia. Availability of data from the 2017-18 National Health Survey release in December 2018 will allow a reassessment of this assumption 46 A correction in the derivation of cider estimates has been applied to the 2016-17 figure and the previously published estimates resulting in revisions spanning the cider time series and in some cases the total alcohol consumption time series. However, the revisions are considered minor with a negligible impact on the overall apparent consumption estimates. POPULATION ESTIMATES USED IN CALCULATING APPARENT PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION 47 Apparent per capita consumption data included in this publication are calculated by dividing the quantity of beverage or pure alcohol available for consumption by the estimated resident population of Australia of persons aged 15 years and over in Australia at 31 December each year. 48 For more information on population estimates see Australian Demographic Statistics (cat. no. 3101.0). CONFIDENTIALITY 49 The Census and Statistics Act 1905 provides the authority for the ABS to collect statistical information, and requires that statistical output shall not be published or disseminated in a manner that is likely to enable the identification of a particular person or organisation. This requirement means that the ABS must take care and make assurances that any statistical information about individual respondents cannot be derived from published data. ROUNDING OF DATA 50 Percentages and percentage movements have been calculated using un-rounded numbers, and may differ from figures obtained from rounded numbers presented in tables. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 51 ABS publications draw extensively on information provided freely by individuals, business, governments and other organisations. Their continued cooperation is very much appreciated; without it, the wide range of statistics published by the ABS would not be available. Information received by the ABS is treated in strict confidence as required by the Census and Statistics Act 1905. RELATED PRODUCTS 52 Other ABS products which may be of interest to users include:
53 ABS products and publications are available free of charge from the ABS website <https://www.abs.gov.au>. Click on Statistics to gain access to the full range of ABS statistical or reference information. ADDITIONAL STATISTICS AVAILABLE 54 As well as the statistics included in this and related publications, the ABS may have other relevant data available on request. Enquiries should be made to the National Information and Referral Service on 1300 135 070 (email: client.services@abs.gov.au). Document Selection These documents will be presented in a new window.
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