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EXPLANATORY NOTES
INTRODUCTION
1 The statistics presented in this publication were compiled from data collected in the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 2013–14 Multipurpose Household Survey (MPHS). The MPHS is conducted each financial year throughout Australia from July to June as a supplement to the ABS' monthly Labour Force Survey (LFS) and is designed to provide annual statistics for a number of small, self-contained topics.
2 In 2013–14 the topics were:
- Attendance at selected cultural venues and events
- Participation in selected cultural activities
- Participation in sport and physical recreation
- Work related injuries
- Crime victimisation
- Patient experience.
3 For all topics, general demographic information such as age, sex, labour force characteristics, education and income are also available.
4 The 2013–14 MPHS collected attendance at cultural venues and events data for persons aged 15 years and over. Attendance at cultural venues and events data for persons aged 15 years and over has previously been collected by the ABS through: the Survey of Attendance at Selected Cultural/Leisure Venues, a supplementary survey to the Monthly Population Survey (MPS) in June 1991, March 1995, and April 1999; the General Social Survey (GSS) in 2002, 2006 and 2010; and in the 2005-06, 2009-10 and 2011-12 MPHS.
5 Data for other 2013–14 topics will be released in separate publications. For all MPHS topics, information on labour force characteristics, education, income and other demographics are also available. Survey microdata from selected 2013-14 topics will be released through the TableBuilder product. For more details, refer to the TableBuilder information, Microdata: Attendance at Selected Cultural Venues and Events, Australia (cat. no. 4114.0.55.001).
SCOPE
6 The scope of the Labour Force Survey (LFS) is restricted to people aged 15 years and over and excludes the following:
- members of the permanent defence forces
- certain diplomatic personnel of overseas governments usually excluded from census and estimated resident populations
- overseas residents in Australia
- members of non-Australian defence forces (and their dependants).
7 In addition, the 2013–14 MPHS excluded the following from scope:
- households in Indigenous communities
- people living in non-private dwellings (e.g. hotels, university residences, students at boarding schools, patients in hospitals, inmates of prisons and residents of other institutions (e.g. retirement homes, homes for persons with disabilities)).
COVERAGE
8 In the LFS, coverage rules are applied which aim to ensure that each person is associated with only one dwelling and hence has only one chance of selection in the survey. See Labour Force, Australia (cat. no. 6202.0) for more details.
DATA COLLECTION
9 The 2013–14 MPHS was conducted as a supplement to the monthly LFS. Each month one eighth of the dwellings in the LFS sample were rotated out of the survey. All of these dwellings were then selected for the MPHS each month. In these dwellings, after the LFS had been fully completed for each person in scope and coverage, a person aged 15 years or over was selected at random (based on a computer algorithm) and asked the MPHS questions in a personal interview. If the randomly selected person was aged 15 to 17 years, permission was sought from a parent or guardian before conducting the interview. If permission was not given, the parent or guardian was asked the questions on behalf of the 15 to 17 year old. Data were collected using Computer Assisted Interviewing (CAI), whereby responses were recorded directly onto an electronic questionnaire in a notebook computer, usually during a telephone interview.
10 For the 2013–14 MPHS, the sample was accumulated over a twelve month period from July 2013 to June 2014.
11 The publication Labour Force, Australia (cat. no. 6202.0) contains information about survey design, sample redesign, scope, coverage and population benchmarks relevant to the monthly LFS, which also applies to supplementary surveys. It also contains definitions of demographic and labour force characteristics, and information about telephone interviewing relevant to both the monthly LFS and supplementary surveys.
SAMPLE SIZE
12 The initial sample for the Attendance at Selected Cultural Venues and Events topic was around 21,120 private dwellings, from which one person was randomly selected. Of the 17,930 private dwellings that remained in the survey after sample loss (e.g. vacant or derelict dwellings, dwellings under construction and dwellings selected in the survey that had no residents in scope for the LFS), 13,630 or 76.0% fully responded to the questions on attendance at cultural events.
WEIGHTING, BENCHMARKING AND ESTIMATION
Weighting
13 Weighting is the process of adjusting results from a sample survey to infer results for the total in-scope population. To do this, a 'weight' is allocated to each covered sample unit which for the MPHS can be either a person or a household. The weight is a value which indicates how many population units are represented by the sample unit.
14 The first step in calculating weights for each unit is to assign an initial weight, which is the inverse of the probability of being selected in the survey. For example, if the probability of a person being selected in the survey was 1 in 600, then the person would have an initial weight of 600 (i.e. they represent 600 people).
Benchmarking
15 The initial weights were then calibrated to align with independent estimates of the population of interest, referred to as 'benchmarks', in designated categories of sex by age by area of usual residence. Weights calibrated against population benchmarks ensure that the survey estimates conform to the independently estimated distribution of the population rather than the distribution within the sample itself. Calibration to population benchmarks helps to compensate for over or under-enumeration of particular categories of persons/households which may occur due to either the random nature of sampling or non-response.
16 For person estimates, the MPHS was benchmarked to the projected population in each state and territory, at March 2014. The MPHS estimates do not (and are not intended to) match estimates for the total Australian population obtained from other sources.
Estimation
17 Survey estimates of counts of persons or households are obtained by summing the weights of persons or households with the characteristic of interest. Estimates of non-person counts (e.g. days spent attending an event) are obtained by multiplying the characteristic of interest with the weight of the reporting person/household and aggregating.
18 To minimise the risk of identifying individuals in aggregate statistics, a technique is used to randomly adjust cell values. This technique is called perturbation. Perturbation involves small random adjustment of the statistics and is considered the most satisfactory technique for avoiding the release of identifiable statistics while maximising the range of information that can be released. These adjustments have a negligible impact on the underlying pattern of the statistics. After perturbation, a given published cell value will be consistent across all tables. However, adding up cell values to derive a total will not necessarily give the same result as published totals. The introduction of perturbation in publications ensures that these statistics are consistent with statistics released via services such as Table Builder.
RELIABILITY OF ESTIMATES
19 All sample surveys are subject to error which can be broadly categorised as either:
- sampling error
- non-sampling error.
Sampling Error
20 Sampling error is the difference between the published estimates, derived from a sample of persons, and the value that would have been produced if the total population (as defined for the scope of the survey) had been included in the survey. For more information refer to the Technical Note.
Non-sampling Error
21 Non-sampling error may occur in any collection, whether it is based on a sample or a full count such as a census. Sources of non-sampling error include non-response, errors in reporting by respondents, or recording of answers by interviewers and errors in coding and processing data. Every effort is made to reduce non-sampling error by careful design and testing of questionnaires, training and supervision of interviewers, extensive editing and quality control procedures at all stages of data processing, and follow up of initial non-respondents.
INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS
22 This publication presents details of people who attended a cultural venue or event at least once during the 12 months before interview in 2013-14. While the tables provide the number of attendees and the attendance rate, it is also possible to calculate the details of non-attendees.
23 The data presented cannot be compared with any 'total admissions' administrative data held by cultural venues, since details in relation to attendees under 15 years of age were not part of the survey. In addition, total admissions data includes multiple attendances while the MPHS provides data on how many times a respondent visited a cultural venue or event.
COMPARABILITY WITH MONTHLY LFS STATISTICS
24 Due to differences in the scope and sample size of the MPHS and that of the LFS, the estimation procedure may lead to some small variations between labour force estimates from this survey and those from the LFS.
FUTURE SURVEYS
25 The ABS will conduct the MPHS again during the 2014-15 financial year. The 2014-15 MPHS topics are:
- Education and Household income (core)
- Household use of IT
- Barriers and incentives to labour force participation
- Retirement and retirement intentions
- Patient Experience
- Crime Victimisation
- Qualifications and work outcomes.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
26 ABS surveys draw extensively on information provided freely by individuals, businesses, governments and other organisations. Their continued cooperation is very much appreciated. Without it, the wide range of statistics published by the ABS would not be available. Information received by the ABS is treated in strict confidence as required by the Census and Statistics Act 1905.
RELATED PUBLICATIONS
27 Refer to the Related Information tab for other ABS publications which may be of interest.
28 Current publications and other products released by the ABS are available from the ABS website. The ABS also issues a daily upcoming release advice on the website that details products to be released in the week ahead |
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