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GLOSSARY

Accommodation for retired or aged people
Accommodation for retired or aged people where the occupants are not regarded as being self sufficient and do not provide their own meals. Reference: 2001 Census Dictionary (ABS cat. no. 2901.0).

Admitted patient
A patient who undergoes a hospital’s formal admission process to receive treatment and/or care. This treatment and/or care is provided over a period of time and can occur in hospital and/or in the person’s home (for hospital-in-the-home patients). Reference: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) 2006, Australian Hospital Statistics, 2004-05 (AIHW cat. no. HSE 41).

Affective disorders
A mood disturbance. Includes mania, hypomania, bipolar affective disorder, depression and dysthymia.
Reference: Mental Health and Wellbeing, Profile of Adults, Australia, (ABS cat. no. 4326.0).

Age-specific death rate
The number of deaths (occurred or registered) during the calendar year at a specified age per 1,000 of the estimated resident population of the same age at 30 June. Pro rata adjustment is made in respect of deaths for which the age of the deceased is not given. Reference: Deaths, Australia (ABS cat. no. 3302.0).

Age-specific fertility rate
The number of live births (occurred or registered) during the calendar year, according to the age of mother, per 1,000 of the female resident population of the same age at 30 June. Pro rata adjustment is made for births for which the age of mother is not given. Reference: Births, Australia (ABS cat. no. 3301.0).

Apparent retention rate
This is the number of school students in a designated level/year of education expressed as a percentage of their respective cohort group (which is either at the commencement of their secondary schooling or Year 10). In this publication, apparent retention rates are generally calculated for full-time school students who continued to Year 12 of secondary schooling. Reference: Schools, Australia (ABS cat. no. 4221.0).

Apprehended Violence Order
Apprehended Violence Orders (AVOs) are orders that a court makes to protect people. AVOs protect people by ordering a number of things that the defendant must not do. Depending on the relationship between the applicant and defendant, AVOs can relate to either domestic violence or non-domestic related (personal) violence. Reference: Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research, NSW Police.

Apprentices and trainees
Persons undertaking new apprenticeships and traineeships are covered by formal agreements known as either Training Agreements or Contracts of Training. Under these agreements, the employer is obligated to provide training, help and supervision; and the trainee or apprentice is obligated to work as well as undertake the training. Reference: Australian Vocational Education and Training Management Information Statistical Standard - Standard for new apprenticeships 2005.

Assault
An incident, other than a robbery, where the respondent was physically attacked or threatened with force or violence. Reference: Crime and Safety, Australia (ABS cat. no. 4509.0).

Australian Customs value
The value for import duty purposes determined by Customs. The primary basis for its establishment is the price actually paid or payable, provided a number of conditions are met. The most important is that the buyer and seller must be independent. If these conditions are not met World Trade Organization (WTO) rules are used to determine the Customs value. It is the prime valuation method used by ABS for disseminating international merchandise import statistics. Reference: International Merchandise Trade, Australia: Concepts, Sources and Methods, 2001 (ABS cat. no. 5489.0).

Australian Standard Classification of Education (ASCED)
The Australian Standard Classification of Education (ASCED) is a new Australian standard classification and replaces the ABS Classification of Qualifications (ABSCQ). ASCED is comprised of two component classifications, Level of Education and Field of Education. It provides a basis for comparable administrative and statistical data on educational activities and attainment classified by level and field. Reference: Australian Standard Classification of Education (ASCED), 2001 (ABS cat. no. 1272.0).

Australia's Register of the National Estate
Australia’s national register of places of natural, historical and Indigenous significance. Reference: Bureau of Rural Sciences, Australia's State of the Forests Report, 2003.

Available beds
Beds immediately available for use by admitted patients as required. Reference: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) 2006, Australian Hospital Statistics, 2004-05 (AIHW cat. no. HSE 41).

Average annual growth rate
The average annual growth rate, r, is calculated as a percentage using the formula:

where P₀ is the start of the period, P_n is the end of the period and n is the length of the period between P_n and P₀ in years. Reference: Australian Demographic Statistics (ABS cat. no. 3101.0).

Average loan
The average loan series is calculated using the total value of lending commitments per month and the total number of dwellings financed per month. The average loan series does not necessarily represent the average loan size per dwelling. Reference: Housing Finance, Australia (ABS cat. no. 5609.0).

Average takings per room night occupied
The takings from accommodation divided by the total number of room nights occupied for the survey period.
Reference: Tourist Accommodation, Australia (ABS cat. no. 8635.0).

Average weekly earnings
Average weekly earnings statistics represent average gross (before tax) earnings of employees and do not relate to average award rates nor to the earnings of the ‘average person’. Estimates of average weekly earnings are derived by dividing estimates of weekly total earnings by estimates of number of employees.
Reference: Average Weekly Earnings, Australia (ABS cat. no. 6302.0).

Balancing item
Calculated as the residual of Gross State Product (GSP) less state final demand less international trade in exports of goods and services, plus international trade in imports of goods and services. The balancing item implicitly comprises changes in inventories, total net interstate trade and a statistical discrepancy. Reference: Australian National Accounts, State Accounts (ABS cat. no. 5220.0).

Before and after school care program
A type of formal care available to school-aged children before and/or after school hours. Reference: Child care, Australia (ABS cat. no. 4402.0).

Birth
The delivery of a child, irrespective of the duration of the pregnancy, who, after being born, breathes or shows any other evidence of life such as heartbeat. Reference: Births, Australia (ABS cat. no. 3301.0).

Birthweight
The first weight of the baby (stillborn or liveborn) obtained after birth (usually measured to the nearest 5 grams and obtained within one hour of birth). Reference: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) 2006, Australia's mothers and babies (AIHW cat. No. PER 34), AIHW National Perinatal Statistics Unit.

Blended family
A couple family containing two or more children aged 0-17 years, of whom at least one is the natural or adopted child of both members of the couple, and at least one is the step child of either member of the couple. Blended families may also include other children who are not the natural children of either parent.
Reference: Family Characteristics, Australia (ABS cat. no. 4442.0).

Body Mass Index (BMI)
A measure calculated from self-reported height and weight data. The formula is weight (kg) divided by the square of height (m). To produce a measure of the prevalence of overweight or obesity in adults, BMI values are grouped in a way which allows categories to be reported against NHMRC guidelines. Reference: National Health Survey, Summary of Results (ABS cat. no. 4364.0).

Bond/recognizance
There are several different types of bonds which may be imposed by a court. Generally they all require the offender to be 'of good behaviour' for a certain length of time and may impose other conditions as well.
Reference: Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research, NSW Criminal Courts Statistics.

Break and enter/attempted break and enter
An incident where a person's home, garage or shed had been broken into, or where an attempt was made to break into a person's home, garage or shed. Break and enter offences relating to a car or garden are excluded. Reference: Crime and Safety, Australia (ABS cat. no. 4509.0).

Bridging data
Data produced taking into account the quantification of differences in the scope of (usually) consecutive survey population characteristics, thus enabling serial analysis of selected data items. Reference: Australian Industry (ABS cat. no. 8155.0).

Broadband
An 'always on' Internet connection with an access speed equal to or greater than 256 Kilobits per second.
Reference: Household use of Information Technology (ABS cat. no. 8146.0).

Capital expenditure
Expenditure on large-scale fixed assets (for example, new buildings and equipment with a useful life extending over a number of years). Reference: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) 2006, Australian Hospital Statistics, 2004-05 (AIHW cat. no. HSE 41).

Care and protection order
Care and protection orders can be grouped into four categories: guardianship orders involves the transfer of legal guardianship to an authorised department or to an individual, custody orders refer to a third party being responsible for the day-to-day requirements of the child while the parent retains guardianship, supervisory orders require authorised departments to supervise the level of care provided to the child, interim and temporary orders provide for a limited period of supervision and/or placement of a child. Reference: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) 2006, Child Protection Australia 2004-05 (AIHW cat. no. CWS 26).

Carer
A person of any age who provides any informal assistance, in terms of help or supervision, to persons with disabilities or long term conditions, or older persons (i.e. aged 60 years and over). The assistance has to be ongoing, or likely to be ongoing, for at least six months. Reference: Disability, Ageing and Carers, Australia (ABS cat. no. 4430.0).

Casualty
Any person killed or injured as a result of a crash. Reference: Roads and Traffic Authority of NSW, Road Traffic Crashes in NSW, 2005.

Causes of death
Underlying causes of death are classified to the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision (ICD-10 for 1997 and onwards). Reference: Causes of Death, Australia (ABS cat. no. 3303.0).

Chain volume measures
Estimates that exclude the direct effects of changes in prices. Unlike current measure estimates, they take account of changes to price relativities that occur from one year to the next. Annually re-weighted chain volume indexes are referenced to the current price values in a chosen reference year. Reference: Australian National Accounts: State Accounts (ABS cat. no. 5220.0).

Child protection report
A child protection report is initiated when a person makes contact with the Department of Community Services about a concern for a child’s or young person’s welfare or safety. Reference: NSW Department of Community Services, 2006, Annual Statistical Report, 2004-05.

Civilian population aged 15 years and over
All usual residents of Australia aged 15 years and over except members of the permanent defence forces, certain diplomatic personnel of overseas governments customarily excluded from census and estimated population counts, overseas residents in Australia, and members of non-Australian defence forces (and their dependants) stationed in Australia. Reference: Labour Force, Australia (ABS cat. no. 6202.0).

Closed drug treatment episodes
Refers to a period of contact, with defined dates of commencement and cessation, between a client and a treatment agency. A closed drug treatment episode may be for a specific treatment, such as information and education only, that may be part of a larger treatment plan; or it may be for a specific treatment, such as withdrawal management (detoxification), that is part of a long term overall treatment plan. Reference: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW), Alcohol and Other Drug Treatment Services in Australia, 2004-05, Findings from the National Minimum Dataset (AODS-NMDS) (AIHW cat. no. AUS 21).

Community-based corrections
This refers to the community-based management of court-ordered sanctions, post-prison administrative arrangements and fine conversions, which principally involve the provision of one or more of the following activities: supervision, programs or community work. Reference: Corrective Services, Australia (ABS cat. no. 4512.0).

Community Aged Care Packages
A Commonwealth-funded program designed to provide assistance to enable frail or disabled older people with complex care needs to continue living in the community. Reference: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW), 2006, Residential Aged Care in Australia 2004-05 (AIHW cat. no. AGE 45).

Community health
Non-residential health services offered by public or registered non-profit establishments to patients/clients, in an integrated and coordinated manner in a community setting, or the coordination of health services elsewhere in the community. Reference: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW), 2006, Health Expenditure Australia 2004-05 (AIHW cat. no. HWE 35).

Community mental health service
A service or facility that delivers specialised non-admitted mental health services, in hospitals, community-based settings, or residential care. Reference: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) 2005, Mental health services in Australia 2003-04 (AIHW cat. no. HSE 40).

Community Service Order
The offender is ordered to perform a specified number of hours of unpaid community service work.
Reference: Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research, NSW Criminal Courts Statistics.

Construction of dwellings
Construction of dwellings represents commitments made to individuals to finance, by way of progress payments, the construction of owner occupied dwellings. Reference: Housing Finance, Australia (ABS cat. no. 5609.0).

Contributing family workers
A person who works without pay, in an economic enterprise operated by a relative. Reference: Forms of Employment, Australia (ABS cat. no. 6359.0).

Control order
Includes fixed term, minimum and additional term with Department of Juvenile Justice supervision, minimum and additional term with other supervision and minimum and additional term with no supervision. Reference: Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research, NSW Criminal Courts Statistics 2003.

Conversions, etc.
A conversion is building activity which converts a non-residential building to a residential building (e.g. conversion of a warehouse to residential apartments). Reference: Building Activity, Australia (ABS cat. no. 8752.0).

Convicted ex parte
Includes cases where the accused either: (i) pleaded guilty and was convicted in his/her absence; or (ii) failed to appear, was convicted by the court on the evidence presented and a conviction warrant issued by the court for the offender in order to impose a penalty. Reference: Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research, NSW Criminal Courts Statistics.

Core activity limitation
A person's overall level of core activity limitation is determined by their highest level of limitation in any of the core activities (communication, mobility or self care). There are four levels:

• profound: the person is unable to do, or always needs help with, a core-activity task
• severe: the person sometimes needs help with a core-activity task; or has difficulty understanding or being understood by family or friends; or can communicate more easily using non-spoken forms of communication
• moderate: the person needs no help but has difficulty with a core activity task
• mild: the person needs no help and has no difficulty with any of the core activity tasks, but uses aids and equipment; or cannot easily walk 200 metres or up and down stairs without a handrail or easily bend to pick up an object from the floor or has difficulty using public transport.

Corrective services custody
Confinement in a place intended primarily for the purpose of confining prisoners, such as a prison, prison farm, Periodic Detention Centre or Community Custody Centre. Reference: Corrective Services, Australia (ABS cat. no. 4512.0).

Couple family
A family based on two persons who are in a registered or de facto marriage and who are usually resident in the same household. The family may include any number of dependents, non-dependents and other related individuals. A couple family can consist of a couple without children present in the household. Reference: Family Characteristics, Australia (ABS cat. no. 4442.0).

Crash
Any apparently unpremeditated event reported to the police and resulting in death, injury or property damage attributable to the movement of a road vehicle on a road. Reference: Roads and Traffic Authority of NSW, Road Traffic Crashes in NSW, 2005.

Crude divorce rate
The number of decrees absolute granted during the calendar year, per 1,000 estimated resident population at 30 June. Reference: Divorces, Australia (ABS cat. no. 3307.0.55.001).

Crude marriage rate
The number of marriages registered during the calendar year, per 1,000 estimated resident population at 30 June. Reference: Marriages, Australia (ABS cat. no. 3306.0.55.001).

Current prices
Estimates are valued at the prices of the period to which the observation relates. For example, estimates for 2003-04 are valued using 2003-04 prices. This contrasts to chain volume measures where the prices used in valuation refer to the prices of a previous period. Reference: Australian National Accounts: State Accounts (ABS cat. no. 5220.0).

Death
For the purposes of the Vitals and Causes of Death collections of the ABS, a death refers to any death which occurs in, or en route to Australia and is registered with a state or territory Registry of Births, Deaths and Marriages. Reference: Deaths, Australia (ABS cat. no. 3302.0).

Decile
Groupings that result from ranking all households or people in the population in ascending order according to some characteristic such as their household income and then dividing the population into 10 equal groups, each comprising 10% of the estimated population. Reference: Household Wealth and Wealth Distribution, Australia (ABS cat. no. 6554.0).

Dependent child/ren
An individual who is either a child aged under 15 years or a child aged 15-24 years who is a full-time dependent student. To be regarded as a child the individual cannot have a partner or child of his or her own usually resident in the household. Reference: Family Characteristics, Australia (ABS cat. no. 4442.0).

Dial-up connections
Connection to the Internet via modem and dial-up software utilising the public switched telecommunication network (PSTN). Reference: Household use of Information Technology (ABS cat. no. 8146.0).


Disability
A limitation, restriction or impairment which has lasted, or is likely to last, for at least six months and restricts everyday activities. Reference: Disability, Ageing and Carers, Australia (ABS cat. no. 4430.0).

Discouraged jobseekers
Persons with marginal attachment to the labour force who wanted to work and were available to start work within the next four weeks but were not actively looking for work, as they believed they would not find a job for any of the following reasons: considered to be too young/too old by employers; lacked necessary schooling, training, skills or experience; difficulties because of language or ethnic background; no jobs in their locality or line of work; no jobs available at all. Reference: Australian Labour Market Statistics (ABS cat. no. 6105.0).

Disposable income
Gross income after income tax and the Medicare levy are deducted and family tax benefit paid through the tax system or as a lump sum by Centrelink is added. Reference: Household Income and Income Distribution, Australia (ABS cat. no. 6523.0).

Drug-induced deaths
Any death where the underlying cause of death was due to:

• an acute episode of poisoning or toxicity to drugs. Included are deaths from accidental overdoses due to misuse of drugs, intentional self-harm, assault and deaths undetermined as to intent; or
• an acute condition caused by drug use where the deceased person was identified as drug dependent.

Duration of unemployment
Under the redesigned Labour Force Survey questionnaire, implemented in April 2001, the definition of duration of unemployment is the shorter of:

• the period of time from when an unemployed person began looking for work, until the end of the reference week; or
• the period of time since an unemployed person last worked in any job for two weeks or more, until the end of the reference week.

Emergency department waiting time to service delivery
The time elapsed for each patient from presentation to the emergency department to commencement of service by a treating medical officer or nurse. It is calculated by deducting the date and time the patient presents from the date and time of the service event. Reference: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) 2006, Australian Hospital Statistics, 2004-05 (AIHW cat. no. HSE 41).

Employed
All persons aged 15 years and over who, during the reference week:

• worked for one hour or more for pay, profit, commission or payment in kind, in a job or business, or on a farm (comprising employees, employers and own account workers); or
• worked for one hour or more without pay in a family business or on a farm (i.e. contributing family workers); or
• were employees who had a job but were not at work; or
• were employers or own account workers, who had a job, business or farm but were not at work.

Employees (excluding OMIEs) without paid leave entitlements
Employees excluding Owner Managers of Incorporated Enterprises (OMIEs), who were not entitled to, or did not know whether they were entitled to, paid sick and paid holiday leave. Reference: Forms of Employment, Australia (ABS cat. no. 6359.0).

Employees (excluding OMIEs) with paid leave entitlements
Employees excluding Owner Managers of Incorporated Enterprises (OMIEs), who were entitled to either paid sick leave or paid holiday leave (or both). Reference: Forms of Employment, Australia (ABS cat. no. 6359.0).

Employment injuries
All injuries resulting from accidents and all occupational diseases contracted or aggravated in the course of a worker's employment. Reference: WorkCover Authority of NSW, Workers Compensation Statistical Bulletin, 2004-05.

Employment restriction
An employment restriction is determined for persons with one or more disabilities if because of their disability they are: permanently unable to work; or are restricted in the type of work they can do; or need at least one day a week off work on average, or are restricted in the number of hours they can work; or require an employer to provide special equipment, or modify the work environment, or make special arrangements; or need to be given ongoing assistance or supervision; or require assistance from a disability job placement program; or would find it difficult to change jobs or get a preferred job. Reference: Disability, Ageing and Carers, Australia (ABS cat. no. 4430.0).

Endangered ecological communities
An ecological community is eligible to be listed as an endangered ecological community if, in the opinion of the Scientific Committee:

• it is likely to become extinct in nature in NSW unless the circumstances and factors threatening its survival cease to operate; or
• it might already be extinct.

Endangered populations
A population is eligible to be listed as an endangered population if, in the opinion of the Scientific Committee, it is facing a high risk of becoming extinct in nature in NSW and it is of conservation value at the State or regional level. The intention of the criteria is to exclude from listing isolated populations of limited conservation value. Reference: Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995.

Endangered species
A species is eligible to be listed as an endangered species if, in the opinion of the Scientific Committee:

• it is likely to become extinct in nature in NSW unless the circumstances and factors threatening its survival or evolutionary development cease to operate; or
• its numbers have been reduced to such a critical level, or its habitats have been so drastically reduced, that it is in immediate danger of extinction; or
• it might already be extinct, but is not presumed extinct.

Equivalised disposable household income
Equivalised income scales adjust household income according to the size and composition of the household to enable a better comparison of the economic wellbeing of different types of households. In the case of the ABS equivalised income scale, a lone person household has a factor of 1.0, that is, a lone person household's income is divided by 1.0 to get the equivalised household income (i.e. they are the same). For other households the factor is the sum of 1.0 for the first adult, 0.5 for each subsequent adult aged 15 years and over, and 0.3 for each child aged under 15 years. For example, a family with two parents (1.0 + 0.5) and two children under 15 years (0.3 + 0.3) has a factor of 2.1. The household income is then divided by 2.1 to derive the equivalised household income. Disposable income is obtained by subtracting income tax and the Medicare levy from gross income. Reference: Household Income and Income Distribution, Australia (ABS cat. no. 6523.0).

Established dwelling
A dwelling that has been completed, for 12 months or more, prior to the lodgement of a loan application, or has been previously occupied. Reference: Lending Finance, Australia (ABS cat. no. 5671.0).

Exercise level
Based on frequency, intensity (i.e. walking, moderate exercise and vigorous exercise) and duration of exercise (for recreation, sport or fitness) in the two weeks prior to interview. From these components, an exercise score was derived using factors to represent the intensity of the exercise. Scores were grouped for output as Sedentary (includes no exercise), Low, Moderate, or High. Reference: ABS National Health Survey, Summary of Results (ABS cat. no. 4364.0).

Extended Aged Care at Home (EACH)
The Extended Aged Care at Home (EACH) program delivers care at home that is equivalent to high level residential care. This program began as a pilot in 2000, but is now established as an ongoing program. Reference: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) 2006, Residential Aged Care in Australia 2004-05 (AIHW cat. no. AGE 45).

Extended labour force underutilisation rate
Extended labour force underutilisation rate includes the unemployed, plus the underemployed, plus two groups of marginally attached to the labour force: (i) persons actively looking for work, not available to start work in the reference week, but available to start work within four weeks, and (ii) discouraged jobseekers, as a percentage of the labour force augmented by (i) and (ii). Reference: Australian Labour Market Statistics (ABS cat. no. 6105.0).

Family day care
A type of formal care provided by experienced caregivers in their own homes, available for a full day or part day. Schemes are administered and supported by central coordination units. Reference: Child Care, Australia (ABS cat. no. 4402.0).

Fatality
A person who dies within 30 days of a crash as a result of injuries received in that crash. Reference: Roads and Traffic Authority of NSW, Road Traffic Crashes in NSW, 2005.

Fatigue
The identification of fatigue as a contributing factor in road crashes cannot always be determined directly from police reports. Fatigue is considered to have been involved as a contributing factor to a road crash if that crash involved at least one fatigued motor vehicle controller. A motor vehicle controller is assessed as having been fatigued if the following conditions are satisfied together or separately:

• the vehicle’s controller was described by police as being asleep, drowsy or fatigued;
• the vehicle performed a manoeuvre which suggested loss of concentration of the controller due to fatigue.

Federally-sentenced prisoner
Persons charged and sentenced under a Commonwealth statute or transferred from another country to serve their sentence in Australia. Reference: Corrective Services, Australia (ABS cat. no. 4512.0).

Fetal death
A fetal death is the delivery of a child, who did not, at any time after delivery, breathe or show any other evidence of life such as a heartbeat. A birthweight criterion applies (see perinatal death). Reference: Causes of Death, Australia (ABS cat. no. 3303.0).

Final consumption expenditure (general government)
Net expenditure on goods and services by public authorities, other than those classified as public corporations, which does not result in the creation of fixed assets or inventories or in the acquisition of land and existing buildings or second-hand assets. Reference: Australian National Accounts, State Accounts (ABS cat. no. 5220.0).

Final consumption expenditure (households)
Net expenditure on goods and services by persons and expenditure of a current nature by private non-profit institutions serving households. This item excludes expenditures by unincorporated businesses and expenditures on assets by non-profit institutions (included in gross fixed capital formation). Reference: Australian National Accounts, State Accounts (ABS cat. no. 5220.0).

Finance commitment
A firm offer of finance which either has been, or is normally expected to be, accepted. Commitments accepted and cancelled in the same month are included. Commitments to non-residents are excluded.
Reference: Lending Finance, Australia (ABS cat. no. 5671.0).

Finance lease
Refers to the leasing or hiring of tangible assets under an agreement, other than a hire purchase agreement, which substantially transfers from the lessor to the lessee all the risks and benefits incident to ownership of the asset without transferring the legal ownership. Reference: Lending Finance, Australia (ABS cat. no. 5671.0).

Financial assets
An asset whose value arises not from its physical existence (as would a building, piece of land, or capital equipment) but from a contractual relationship. Financial assets are mostly financial claims (with the exception of shares). Financial claims entitle the owner to receive a payment, or a series of payments, from an institutional unit to which the owner has provided funds. Examples include accounts held with financial institutions, ownership of an incorporated business, debentures and bonds, trusts, superannuation funds, and loans to other persons. Reference: Household Wealth and Wealth Distribution, Australia (ABS cat. no. 6554.0).

Fine option
A community-based sentence type where the offender is serving a sentence for default of a fine. In most jurisdictions this order type requires an offender to complete community service as a reparatory act. Fine option is a sub-category of Reparation (see Reparation). Reference: Corrective Services, Australia (ABS cat. no. 4512.0).

Fixed loans
A commitment for a fixed amount for a fixed period for a specific purpose. Reference: Lending Finance, Australia (ABS cat. no. 5671.0).

Formal child care
Regulated care away from the child's home. The main types of formal care are before and/or after school care, long day care, family day care and occasional care. Preschool has been excluded from the definition of formal care. This was due to the widely accepted view that the main focus of preschools is education and preparing children for school, rather than providing a child care service. Many child care services also include developmental and educational programs and preschools provide a child care service at the same time as they provide education, so there is some overlap. Data on preschool attendance continued to be collected as part of the survey but, where possible, preschool is presented separately from formal child care. Reference: Child care, Australia (ABS cat. no. 4402.0).

Free on board (f.o.b.)
The value of goods measured on a free on board (f.o.b.) basis includes all production and other costs incurred up until the goods are placed on board the international carrier for export. Free on board values exclude international insurance and transport costs. They include the value of the outside packaging in which the product is wrapped, but do not include the value of the international freight containers used for transporting the goods. Reference: International Merchandise Trade, Australia: Concepts, Sources and Methods, 2001 (ABS cat. no. 5489.0).

Fugitive emissions
These emissions are not fully controlled, but in most cases are not accidental. Examples of fugitive emissions are leaks from gas pipelines and valves, venting and flaring of gases, methane emissions from coal seams and vapour given off by petroleum stores. Reference: NSW Department of Environment and Heritage, The National Greenhouse Strategy, 1998.

Full-time custody
A type of custody where a prisoner is required to be held in custody on a full-time basis. This includes prisons and work outreach camps. Full-time prison custody excludes periodic detention. Reference: Corrective Services, Australia (ABS cat. no. 4512.0).

Full-time equivalent (FTE)
A measure of the total level of staff resources used. The FTE of a full-time staff member is equal to 1.0. The calculation of FTE for part-time staff is based on the proportion of time worked compared with that worked by full-time staff performing similar duties. Casual relief staff are excluded. Reference: Schools, Australia (ABS cat. no. 4221.0).

Gini coefficient
The Gini coefficient is a single statistic which summarises the distribution of income across the population. It ranges between zero when all incomes are equal and one when one unit receives all the income. The smaller the Gini coefficient the more even the distribution of income. Reference: Household Income and Income Distribution, Australia (ABS cat. no. 6523.0)

Government income support
The data have been compiled using Centrelink data on income support customers. People receiving more than one Department of Family and Community Services payment are only counted once by using the main payment type. The main payments types include: Age pension; Disability Support Pension; Newstart Allowance; Parenting Payment Single; Youth Allowance; and other pensions and allowances. Excluded are Bereavement Allowance, Childcare Benefit, Farm Family Restart, and Family Tax Benefits Parts A and B. The data includes both customers receiving a payment and those customers temporarily suspended or zero paid due to income/assets test provisions or other administrative procedures. Reference: Department of Family and Community Services.

Government pensions and allowances/Government cash benefits
Regular, recurring receipts from government to persons under social security and related government programs. Included are pensions and allowances received by aged, disabled, unemployed and sick persons, families and children, veterans or their survivors, and study allowances for students. All overseas pensions and benefits are included here, although some may not be paid by overseas governments. Reference: Household Income and Income Distribution, Australia (ABS cat. no. 6523.0).

Greater Metropolitan Area (GMA)
Comprises Sydney SD, Newcastle SSD and Illawarra SD. Reference: Transport and Population Data Centre, NSW Department of Planning, 2004 Household Travel Survey Summary Report.

Greenhouse gas
Gases that contribute to global warming, including carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), nitrous oxide (N₂O), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), and sulphur hexafluoride (SF₆). In addition, the photochemically important gases - NMVOCs, oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and carbon monoxide (CO) - are also considered. NMVOC, NOx and CO are not direct greenhouse gases. However, they contribute indirectly to the greenhouse effect by influencing the rate at which ozone and other greenhouse gases are produced and destroyed in the atmosphere. Reference: NSW Department of Environment and Heritage, Nationals Greenhouse Gas Inventory, 2002.

Gross domestic product (GDP)
The total market value of goods and services produced in Australia within a given period after deducting the cost of goods and services used up in the process of production but before deducting allowances for the consumption of fixed capital. Thus GDP, as here defined, is 'at market prices'. It is equivalent to gross national expenditure plus exports of goods and services less imports of goods and services. Reference: Australian National Accounts, State Accounts (ABS cat. no. 5220.0).

Gross income
Regular cash receipts before income tax or the Medicare levy are deducted. Excludes family tax benefit paid through the tax system or as a lump sum by Centrelink. Reference: Household Income and Income Distribution, Australia (ABS cat. no. 6523.0).

Gross incurred cost of workplace injuries
Refers to the sum of compensation payment plus an estimate of future liability if the claim is still open at the end of the current financial year. Reference: WorkCover Authority of NSW, Workers Compensation Statistical Bulletin 2004-05.

Gross State Product (GSP)
GSP is defined equivalently to gross domestic product (GDP) but refers to production within a state or territory rather than to the nation as a whole. Reference: Australian National Accounts: State Accounts (ABS cat. no. 5220.0).

Group household
A household consisting of two or more unrelated people where all persons are aged 15 years or over. There are no reported couple relationships, parent-child relationships or other blood relationships in these households. Reference: 2001 Census Dictionary (ABS cat. no. 2901.0).

High-level residential care
Care provided to residents in residential care facilities (RCS) who have been classified as having a need for and are receiving a very high level of care (i.e. patients classified in RCS categories 1-4). Reference: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW), 2006, Health Expenditure Australia 2004-05 (AIHW cat. no. HWE 35).

Higher court
There are two jurisdictions in the NSW Higher Courts, the Supreme Court and the District Court. The Supreme Court deals only with the most serious matters. The District Court deals with all other matters on indictment and appeals against conviction or sentence arising from Local Court cases. Reference: Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research, NSW Criminal Courts Statistics.

Higher education student
A person who has been admitted to a higher education institution and who is enrolled (either full-time, part-time or externally) in a higher education award course, an enabling course or a non-award course to be undertaken in the semester used as the reference period. Reference: Department of Education Science and Training, Students 2003: Selected Higher Education Statistics.

Home and Community Care (HACC) Client
A client that receives HACC services because they are frail or disabled. Reference: Department of Ageing and Health, Home and Community Care Program National Minimum Data Set (HACC MDS), HACC MDS Annual Bulletins 2004-05.

Home detention
An alternative means of serving sentences of full-time imprisonment of up to 18 months. The conditions of the Order constrain the offender‘s liberty to an extent that approximates confinement in minimum security custody with access to day release programs. Reference: Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research, NSW Criminal Courts Statistics.

Homelessness
Includes 'primary', 'secondary' and 'tertiary' homelessness. Primary homelessness: people without conventional accommodation (living on the streets, in deserted buildings, improvised dwellings, under bridges, in parks etc.). Secondary homelessness: people moving between various forms of temporary shelter including friends, emergency accommodation, youth refuges, hostels and boarding houses. Tertiary homelessness: people living in single rooms in private boarding houses-without their own bathroom, kitchen, or security of tenure. Reference: Counting the Homeless (ABS cat. no. 2050.0).

Hospital
A health care facility established under Commonwealth, state or territory legislation as a hospital or a free-standing day procedure unit and authorised to provide treatment and/or care to patients. Reference: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) 2006, Australian Hospital Statistics, 2004-05 (AIHW cat. no. HSE 41).

Household
A group of two or more related or unrelated people who usually reside in the same dwelling, who regard themselves as a household, and who make common provision for food or other essentials for living; or a person living in a dwelling who makes provision for his/her own food and other essentials for living, without combining with any other person. Reference: Family Characteristics, Australia (ABS cat. no. 4442.0).

House price index
The Established House Price index refers to detached residential dwellings on their own block of land regardless of age. Price changes therefore relate to changes in the total price of dwelling and land. The Project Home Price index refers to dwellings available for construction on a client's block of land. Price therefore relate only to the price of the dwelling (excluding land). Reference: House Price Indexes: Eight Capital Cities (ABS cat. no. 6416.0).

Imprisonment
An order requiring a person to be detained within a facility built especially for the purpose of incarceration. Includes: Life and indeterminate imprisonment, Imprisonment with determined term and Periodic detention.
Reference: Criminal Courts, Australia (ABS cat. no. 4513.0).

Incorporated enterprise
An enterprise which is registered as a separate legal entity to its members or owners. Also known as a limited liability company. Reference: Forms of Employment, Australia (ABS cat. no. 6359.0).

Indigenous
A person is defined to be of Indigenous origin if he or she identifies themselves as of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander origin. Reference: 2001 Census Dictionary (ABS cat. no. 2901.0).

Indirect standardised death rate
Standardised death rates enable the comparison of death rates between populations with different age structures by relating them to a standard population. The current standard population is all persons in the 2001 Australian population. The indirect method of standardisation is used when the populations under study are small and the age-specific death rates are unreliable or not known. It is an adjustment to the crude death rate of the standard population to account for the variation between the actual number of deaths in the population under study and the number of deaths which would have occurred if the population under study had experienced the age-specific death rates of the standard population. Reference: Deaths, Australia (ABS cat. no. 3302.0).

Industrial dispute
A state of disagreement over an issue or group of issues between an employer and its employees, which results in employees ceasing work. Industrial disputes comprise of strikes, which are a withdrawal from work by a group of employees; and lockouts, which are a refusal by an employer or group of employers to permit some or all of their employees to work. Reference: Industrial Disputes, Australia (ABS cat. no. 6321.0.55.001).

Industry value added (IVA)
Represents the value added by an industry to the intermediate inputs used by the industry. IVA is the measure of the contribution by businesses, in the selected industry, to gross domestic product. Reference: Australian Industry (ABS cat. no. 8155.0).

Infant death
An infant death is the death of a live-born child who dies before completing his or her first birthday.
Reference: Deaths, Australia (ABS cat. no. 3302.0).

Infant mortality rate
The number of deaths of children under one year of age in a calendar year per 1,000 live births in the same calendar year. Reference: Deaths, Australia (ABS cat. no. 3302.0).

Informal child care
Non-regulated care, arranged by a child's parent/guardian, either in the child's home or elsewhere. It comprises care by (step) brothers or sisters, care by grandparents, care by other relatives (including a parent living elsewhere) and care by other (unrelated) people such as friends, neighbours, nannies or babysitters. It may be paid or unpaid. Reference: Child Care, Australia (ABS cat. no. 4402.0).

Informal reserve
An area reserved on non-nature conservation reserve tenure through both legislated and non-legislated means. The status of informal reserves is not secure, relying on the state or territory management agency responsible for the interpretation and application of the guidelines applicable to the area within an informal reserve. Reference: Bureau of Rural Sciences, Australia's State of the Forests Report, 2003.

In-stream water use
The use of freshwater in situ, such as water use for hydro-electricity generation and aquaculture purposes is classified as in-stream use, and is included in the accounts as self-extracted water use. In-stream volumes are considered to be a type of non-consumptive use, for although these volumes are also considered to be a form of regulated discharge, an economic benefit is gained from the use of the water prior to discharge.
Reference: Water Account, Australia (ABS cat. no. 4610.0).

Intact family
A couple family containing at least one child aged 0-17 years who is the natural or adopted child of both members of the couple, and no child aged 0-17 years who is the step child of either member of the couple. Intact families may also include other children who are not the natural child of either parent. Reference: Family Characteristics, Australia (ABS cat. no. 4442.0).

International Classification of Diseases (ICD)
The World Health Organization (WHO) International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is used to code illness and death to produce Australia's morbidity and mortality statistics. As a statistical classification, it is designed to encompass the entire range of morbid conditions within a manageable number of categories. Further details of the ICD-10 codes are available from the World Health Organization 1994, International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision, (ICD-10). Reference: Illicit Drug Use, Sources of Australian Data (ABS cat. no. 4808.0).

Internet access
Availability of lines, points, ports, and modem to subscribers to access the Internet. Reference: Household Use of Information Technology (ABS cat. no. 8146.0).

Ischaemic heart disease deaths
Deaths where coronary heart diseases, including heart attack (acute myocardial infarction, coronary occlusion) and angina (angina pectoris), are identified as the underlying cause ( ICD-10 codes I20-I25 for 1997 onwards). Reference: Causes of Death, Australia (ABS cat. no. 3303.0).

Job vacancy
A job vacancy is a job available for immediate filling on the survey reference date and for which recruitment action had been taken. Reference: Job Vacancies, Australia (ABS cat. no. 6354.0).

Killed
A person who dies within 30 days of a crash as a result of injuries received in that crash. Reference: Roads and Traffic Authority of NSW, Road Traffic Crashes in NSW, 2005.

Labour force underutilisation rate
The unemployed plus the underemployed, as a percentage of the labour force. Reference: Australian Labour Market Statistics (ABS cat. no. 6105.0).

Labour Force Participation rate
For any group, the labour force expressed as a percentage of the civilian population aged 15 years and over in the same group. Reference: Labour Force, Australia (ABS cat. no. 6202.0).

Land showing signs of salinity
Land with dead trees, salt scalds or salt tolerant plants (e.g. sea barley grass, red weed, beadbush and samphire), land where crops and pastures are unable to be grown and land that is waterlogged for significant parts of the year. Reference: Salinity on Australian Farms (ABS cat. no. 4615.0).

Landlord type
Renters belong to one of the following categories:

• state or territory housing authority: where the household pays rent to a state or territory housing authority or trust;
• private landlords: where the household pays rent to a real estate agent or to another person not in the same household; or
• other: where the household pays rent to the owner/manager of a caravan park, an employer (including a government authority), a housing cooperative, a community or church group, or any other body not included elsewhere.

Linked trip
A linked trip is a journey from one activity to another, ignoring changes of modes. A linked trip comprises one or more unlinked trip legs. For example, a person who lives in Parramatta may travel to work in Sydney Central Business District by train with a walk trip to and from the train. This would be counted as one linked trip from home to work. Reference: Transport and Population Data Centre, NSW Department of Planning, 2004 Household Travel Survey Summary Report.

Live birth
The complete expulsion or extraction from its mother of a product of conception, irrespective of the duration of the pregnancy, which, after such separation, breathes or shows any other evidence of life, such as beating of the heart, pulsation of the umbilical cord, or definite movement of voluntary muscles, whether or not the umbilical cord has been cut or the placenta is attached; each product of such a birth is considered live born (World Health Organisation definition). Reference: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) 2006, Australia's mothers and babies (AIHW cat. No. PER 34). AIHW National Perinatal Statistics Unit.

Livestock slaughterings and other disposals
Values are published as one figure but include two distinct components: value of livestock slaughtered and value of net exports. Reference: Value of Agricultural Commodities Produced (ABS cat. no. 7503.0).

Local court
A Lower Court level (also referred to as Magistrates' Court, Local Court or Court of Petty Sessions) which deals with relatively less serious charges and has the most limited legal powers of all the state and territory court levels. Reference: Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research, NSW Criminal Courts Statistics 2003.

Lone person
A person who makes provision for his or her own food and other essentials for living, without combining with any other person to form part of a multi-person household. He or she may live in a dwelling on their own or share a dwelling with another individual or family. Reference: Family Characteristics, Australia (ABS cat. no. 4442.0); 2001 Census Dictionary (ABS cat. no. 2901.0).

Long day care centre
A type of formal care that is centre-based and is available to children between birth and school age for the full day or part day. Centres are usually open for most of the year. Reference: Child Care, Australia (ABS cat. no. 4402.0).

Long term health condition
A medical condition (illness, injury or disability) which has lasted at least six months, or which the respondent expects to last for six months or more. Some reported conditions were assumed to be long term, including asthma, arthritis, cancer, osteoporosis, diabetes, rheumatic heart disease, heart attack and stroke. Reference: National Health Survey, Summary of Results (ABS cat. no. 4364.0).

Long term unemployed
Persons unemployed for 12 months or more, where duration of unemployment is based on the last job. See
Duration of unemployment for details of the calculation of duration of unemployment. Reference: Australian Labour Market Statistics (ABS cat. no. 6105.0).

Long term unemployment rate
The number of long term unemployed persons expressed as a percentage of the labour force. Reference: Australian Labour Market Statistics (ABS cat. no. 6105.0).

Low birthweight
Birthweight of less than 2,500 grams. Reference: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) 2006, Australia's mothers and babies (AIHW cat. No. PER 34). AIHW National Perinatal Statistics Unit.

Manufacturing industries
Consists of the manufacturing division of the Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification (ANZSIC). Reference: Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification (ANZSIC) 1993 (ABS cat. no. 1292.0).

Marginal attachment to the labour force
Comprises two groups of persons marginally attached to the labour force: persons actively looking for work, not available to start work in the reference week but available to start work within four weeks; and discouraged jobseekers. Reference: Australian Labour Market Statistics (ABS cat. no. 6105.0).

Marginally housed
People in housing situations close to the minimum standard. Reference: Counting the Homeless (ABS cat. no. 2050.0).

Mean income
The total income received by a group of units divided by the number of units in the group. Reference: Household Income and Income Distribution, Australia (ABS cat. no. 6523.0).

Median income
That level of income which divides the units in a group into two equal parts, one half having incomes above the median and the other half having incomes below the median. Reference: Household Income and Income Distribution, Australia (ABS cat. no. 6523.0).

Mental disorder
According to the ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders, a disorder implies 'the existence of a clinically recognisable set of symptoms or behaviour associated in most cases with distress and with interference with personal functions' (World Health Organisation, 1992, p. 5). Most diagnoses require criteria relating to severity and duration to be met. Reference: National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing of Adults: Users' Guide (ABS cat. no. 4327.0).

Migration adjustment
The ABS applies a number of adjustments to overseas arrivals and departures data in order to produce estimates of net overseas arrivals and departures (NOM). These mainly comprise adjustments designed to reflect differences between stated travel intentions and actual travel behaviour, but (in the case of revised NOM estimates) also include adjustments to transform numbers of overseas movements into numbers of travellers. Reference: Australian Demographic Statistics (ABS cat. no. 3101.0).

Mode of travel
Unlinked trips have only one mode and one purpose. Linked trips can comprise more than one mode so a priority mode is allocated to each trip based on a determined priority of modes. Reference: Transport and Population Data Centre, NSW Department of Planning, 2004 Household Travel Survey Summary Report.

Motor vehicle theft
An incident where a motor vehicle was stolen from any member of the household. It includes privately owned motor vehicles as well as business/company vehicles used exclusively by any members of the household. A motor vehicle includes cars, motorbikes and trucks; while caravans, trailers and floats were excluded. Reference: Crime and Safety, Australia (ABS cat. no. 4509.0).

Natural increase
Excess of births over deaths. Reference: Australian Demographic Statistics (ABS cat. no. 3101.0).

Natural parent
A parent who is related to his or her child/ren by either birth or adoption. Reference: Family Characteristics, Australia (ABS cat. no. 4442.0).

Neonatal death
A neonatal death is the death within 28 days of any child who, after delivery, breathed or showed any other evidence of life such as a heartbeat. A birthweight criterion applies (see Perinatal death). Reference: Causes of Death, Australia (ABS cat. no. 3303.0).

Net capital expenditure
The value of total capital expenditure less proceeds received from the disposal of fixed tangible assets.
Reference: Electricity, Gas, Water and Sewerage Operations, Australia (ABS cat. no. 8226.0).

Net interstate migration
The difference between the number of persons who have changed their place of usual residence by moving into a given state or territory and the number who have changed their place of usual residence by moving out of that state or territory during a specified time period. This difference can be either positive or negative.
Reference: Australian Demographic Statistics (ABS cat. no. 3101.0).

Net overseas migration
Net overseas migration is net permanent and long term overseas migration, adjusted for change in traveller duration, intention and multiple movement error. Reference: Australian Demographic Statistics (ABS cat. no. 3101.0).

New dwelling
Is a dwelling that has been completed within 12 months of the lodgement of a loan application, and the borrower will be the first occupant. Reference: Housing Finance, Australia (ABS cat. no. 5609.0).

Non-admitted patient occasion of service
Occurs when a patient attends a functional unit of the hospital for the purpose of receiving some form of service, but is not admitted. A visit for administrative purposes is not an occasion of service. Reference: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) 2006, Australian Hospital Statistics, 2004-05 (AIHW cat. no. HSE 41).

Non-financial assets
Non-financial assets are all assets other than financial assets. Examples include residential and non-residential property, household contents and vehicles. Reference: Household Wealth and Wealth Distribution, Australia (ABS cat. no. 6554.0).

Non-government school
Any school not administered by a Department of Education, but including special schools administered by government authorities other than the state and territory education departments. Reference: Schools, Australia (ABS cat. no. 4221.0).

Non-medical drug use
The definition used in the survey questionnaire and for this publication is: either alone or with other drugs in order to induce or enhance a drug experience; or for performance (e.g. athletic) enhancement; or for cosmetic (e.g. body shaping) purposes. Reference: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW), National Drug Strategy Household Survey, 2004.

Non-private dwelling
Dwellings that provide a communal or transitory type of accommodation. They include hotels, motels, guest houses, prisons, religious and charitable institutions, defence establishments, hospitals and other communal dwellings. Reference: 2001 Census Dictionary (ABS cat. no. 2901.0).

Non-school qualification
Non-school qualifications are awarded for educational attainments other than those of pre-primary, primary or secondary education. They include qualifications at the Post Graduate Degree level, Master Degree level, Graduate Diploma and Graduate Certificate level, Bachelor Degree level, Advanced Diploma and Diploma level, and Certificates I, II, III and IV levels. Reference: Education and Work, Australia (ABS cat. no. 6227.0).

Notifiable disease
Certification in an approved form of a disease listed in the Schedule 3 of Notifiable Diseases of the NSW Public Health Act 1991. Reference: NSW Department of Health, The Health of the people of New South Wales-Report of the Chief Health Officer 2006.

Not in the labour force
Persons who were not classified as employed or unemployed. Reference: Australian Labour Market Statistics (ABS cat. no. 6105.0).

Occupation
A collection of jobs which are sufficiently similar in their main tasks to be grouped together for the purposes of classification. The Australian Standard Classification of Occupations (ASCO) Second Edition, which is used for the classification of occupations, applies skill level and skill specialisation as major criteria.
Reference: Australian Standard Classification of Occupations (ASCO), Second edition (ABS cat. no. 1220.0).

Occupational diseases
Includes diseases contracted or aggravated in the course of employment and to which employment was a contributing factor. Reference: WorkCover Authority of NSW, Workers Compensation Statistical Bulletin, 2004-05.

Offence proven (Children's Court)
Proven offences include those appearances resulting in referral to drug programs, return to former custody, revoked or amended community service orders and referrals to other jurisdictions. Appearances resulting in Apprehended Violence Orders are not included. Reference: Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research, NSW Criminal Courts Statistics.

One parent family
A family consisting of a lone parent with at least one dependent or non-dependent child (regardless of age) who is also usually residing in the household. Reference: Family Characteristics, Australia (ABS cat. no. 4442.0).

Operating profit before tax (OPBT)
Profit before extraordinary items are brought to account and prior to the deduction of income tax and appropriations to owners (e.g. dividends paid), i.e. total income, minus total expenses, plus change in inventories. Reference: Australian Industry (ABS cat. no. 8155.0).

Original series
Estimates produced directly from the survey data, before seasonal adjustment or trend estimation takes place. Reference: Australian Labour Market Statistics (ABS cat. no. 6105.0).

Other days of reduced activity
Days other than days away from work or from school/study on which a person had cut down on their usual activities for at least half the day, as a result of personal injury or illness. Reference: National Health Survey, Summary of Results (ABS cat. no. 4364.0).

Other formal care
A type of formal care other than before and/or after school care, long day care, family day care, occasional care and preschool. Reference: Child Care, Australia (ABS cat. no. 4402.0).

Other health professional (OHP)
Comprises: Aboriginal health worker (n.e.c.), Accredited counsellor, Acupuncturist, Alcohol and drug worker (n.e.c.), Audiologist/Audiometrist, Chemist (for advice), Chiropodist/podiatrist, Chiropractor, Dietitian/Nutritionist, Herbalist, Hypnotherapist, Naturopath, Nurse, Occupational therapist, Optician/optometrist, Osteopath, Physiotherapist/hydrotherapist, Psychologist, Social worker/welfare officer, Speech therapist/pathologist. Reference: National Health Survey, Summary of Results (ABS cat. no. 4364.0).

Other income
Income other than wages and salaries, own business or partnership income and government pensions and allowances. This includes income received as a result of ownership of financial assets (interest, dividends), and of non-financial assets (rent, royalties) and other regular receipts from sources such as superannuation, child support, workers' compensation and scholarships. Income from rent is net of operating expenses and depreciation and may be negative when these are greater than gross receipts. Reference: Household Income and Income Distribution, Australia (ABS cat. no. 6523.0).

Other work-related injuries
Other work-related injuries are caused by incidents arising out of the injured person’s employment while they are away from the workplace. They include injuries sustained while commuting to or from work or during a recess while the worker is away from work. Reference: WorkCover Authority of NSW, Workers Compensation Statistical Bulletin, 2004-05.

Out-of-Home Care (OOHC)
In certain circumstances children and young people may not be able to live at home with their families. OOHC services provide placement and support to children and young people and their families where children and young people have been assessed as being at risk of harm, or where their parents are unable, for a period of time, to provide care. Reference: NSW Department of Community Services, 2006, Annual Statistical Report, 2004-05.

Overseas arrivals and departures (OAD)
Refers to the arrival or departure of persons, through Australian airports (or sea ports), which have been recorded. Statistics on OAD relate to the number of movements of travellers rather than the number of travellers (i.e. the multiple movements of individual persons during a given reference period are all counted).
Reference: Overseas Arrivals and Departures (ABS cat. no. 3401.0).

Overweight or obese adults
Overweight is defined by a body mass index (BMI) greater than or equal to 25 and less than 30, while obesity is defined by a BMI greater than or equal to 30. BMI is body weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in metres. Reference: National Health Survey, Summary of Results (ABS cat. no. 4364.0).

Owner managers of incorporated enterprises
Persons who work in their own incorporated enterprise, that is, a business entity which is registered as a separate legal entity to its members or owners (also known as a limited liability company). Reference: Forms of Employment, Australia (ABS cat. no. 6359.0).

Owner managers of unincorporated enterprises
Persons who operate their own unincorporated enterprise, that is, a business entity in which the owner and the business are legally inseparable, so that the owner is liable for any business debts that are incurred. Includes those engaged independently in a trade or profession. Reference: Forms of Employment, Australia (ABS cat. no. 6359.0).

Own unincorporated business income
The profit/loss that accrues to persons as owners of, or partners in, unincorporated enterprises. Profit/loss consists of the value of gross output of the enterprise after the deduction of operating expenses (including depreciation). Losses occur when operating expenses are greater than gross receipts and are treated as negative income. Reference: Household Income and Income Distribution, Australia (ABS cat. no. 6523.0).

Patient days
The total number of days for patients who were admitted for an episode of care and who separated during a specified reference period. A patient who is admitted and separated on the same day is allocated one patient day. Reference: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) 2006, Australian Hospital Statistics, 2004-05 (AIHW cat. no. HSE 41).

Patient presentation
The presentation of a patient at an emergency department occurs following the arrival of the patient at the emergency department. It is the earliest occasion of being registered clerically, or triaged. Reference: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) 2006, Australian Hospital Statistics, 2004-05 (AIHW cat. no. HSE 41).

Perceived crime or public nuisance problems
Anything perceived by a person to be a problem arising from crime or people creating a public nuisance. Reference: Crime and Safety, Australia (ABS cat. no. 4509.0).

Perinatal death
A perinatal death is a fetal death or neonatal death. Perinatal death statistics include all fetuses and infants delivered weighing at least 400 grams or (when birthweight is unavailable) the corresponding gestational age (20 weeks), whether alive or dead. Period of gestation is measured from the first day of the last normal menstrual period to the date of birth and is expressed in completed weeks. Reference: Causes of Death, Australia (ABS cat. no. 3303.0).

Periodic detention
The offender is held in custody in prison periodically (e.g. at weekends) for a specified period. Reference: Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research, NSW Criminal Courts Statistics.

Permanent arrival and departures
Permanent arrivals comprise travellers who hold migrant visas and other persons eligible to settle, and permanent departures comprise Australian residents who intend to settle in another country. Reference: Overseas Arrivals and Departures (ABS cat. no. 3401.0).

Persons charged
A person charged refers to a group of one or more charges, against a single individual, which are finalised by the court on a single day. Such a group of finalised charges against a single individual is also referred to as a finalised court appearance. A company charged with an offence is treated as a person. If a person is a defendant in more than one court appearance during the counting period, such a person will be counted more than once in the report. Reference: Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research, NSW Criminal Courts Statistics.


Person of interest (POI)
The person who is reported and/or identified as involved in a criminal incident. A POI may become an offender if charged, may be found not to be involved in the incident, or the allegation may be with withdrawn. A single POI can be linked to one or more offences. POIs can also be involved in more than one incident in any reference period. Reference: Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research; NSW Police.

Population growth
For Australia, population growth is the sum of natural increase and net overseas migration. For states and territories, population growth also includes net interstate migration. After the Census, intercensal population growth also includes an allowance for intercensal discrepancy. Reference: Australian Demographic Statistics (ABS cat. no. 3101.0).

Population projections
The ABS produces several series of population projections based on different combinations of assumptions about mortality, fertility and migration. The assumptions underlying series B most closely reflect prevailing trends and comprise: declining rates of mortality; the total fertility rate for Australia falling to 1.6 by 2001, and then remaining constant; low levels of overseas migration (Australian annual net gain of 100,000 from 2005-06); and medium levels of interstate migration. Reference: Population Projections, Australia (ABS cat. no. 3222.0).

Preschool
Educational and developmental programs for children in the year (or in some jurisdictions, two years) before they begin full-time primary education. Reference: Child Care, Australia (ABS cat. no. 4402.0).

Presumed extinct (species)
A species is eligible to be listed as a species that is presumed extinct at a particular time if, in the opinion of the Scientific Committee, it has not been recorded in its known or expected habitat in NSW, despite targeted surveys, over a time frame appropriate, in the opinion of the Scientific Committee, to its life cycle and form.
Reference: Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995.

Primary carer
A person who provides the most informal assistance, in terms or supervision, to a person with one or more disabilities. Reference: Disability, Ageing and Carers, Australia (ABS cat. no. 4430.0).

Primary education
Primary education typically commences at around age five and lasts for seven to eight years. It does not include sessional education such as preschool education. Reference: Schools, Australia (ABS cat. no. 4221.0).

Principal drug of concern
Refers to the main substance that the client states led them to seek treatment from the alcohol and other drug treatment agency. Reference: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW), Alcohol and Other Drug Treatment Services in Australia, 2004-05, Findings from the National Minimum Dataset (AODS-NMDS) (AIHW cat. no. AUS 21).

Principal source of income
That source from which the most positive income is received. If total income is nil or negative the principal source is undefined. Reference: Household Income and Income Distribution, Australia (ABS cat. no. 6523.0).

Priority purpose
Return to home trips are coded according to the main previous purpose. For example, if a person is returning home from work and stopped off at the shops quickly on the way, the incidental trip is ignored and the main purpose remains work. Reference: Transport and Population Data Centre, NSW Department of Planning, 2004 Household Travel Survey Summary Report.

Private dwelling
Normally a house, flat or even a room. It can also be a caravan, houseboat, tent, or a house attached to an office or rooms above a shop. Reference: 2001 Census Dictionary (ABS cat. no. 2901.0).

Private health insurance
Provides cover against all or part of hospital theatre and accommodation costs in either a public or private hospital, medical costs in hospital, and costs associated with a range of services, not covered under Medicare including private dental services, optical, chiropractic, home nursing, ambulance, natural therapies and other ancillary services. Ancillary insurance covers services such as dental, optical, therapies and other general non-accommodation services. Reference: Private Health Insurance Administration Council.

Private hospital
A privately owned and operated institution, catering for patients who are treated by a doctor of their own choice. Patients are charged fees for accommodation and other services provided by the hospital and relevant medical and paramedical practitioners. Acute care and psychiatric hospitals are included, as are private free-standing day hospital facilities. Reference: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) 2006, Australian Hospital Statistics, 2004-05 (AIHW cat. no. HSE 41).

Private new capital expenditure
Refers to the acquisition of new tangible assets either on own account or under a finance lease and includes major improvements, alterations and additions. In general, this is expenditure charged to fixed tangible assets accounts excluding expenditure on second hand assets unless these are imported for the first time.
Reference: Private New Capital Expenditure and Expected Expenditure, Australia (ABS cat. no. 5625.0).

Proficiency in spoken English
An indicator of a person's ability to speak English and not a definitive measure of his or her ability.
Reference: 2001 Census Dictionary (ABS cat. no. 2901.0).

Psychological distress
Derived from the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale -10 items (K10). This is a scale of non-specific psychological distress based on 10 questions about negative emotional states in the 4 weeks prior to interview. The K10 is scored from 10 to 50, with higher scores indicating a higher level of distress; low scores indicate a low level of distress. In this publication, scores are grouped as follows: Low 10-15; Moderate 16-21; High 22-29 and Very high 30-50. Reference: National Health Survey, Summary of Results (ABS cat. no. 4364.0).

Public hospital
A hospital controlled by a state or territory health authority. Public hospitals offer free diagnostic services, treatment, care and accommodation to all eligible patients. Reference: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) 2006, Australian Hospital Statistics, 2004-05 (AIHW cat. no. HSE 41).

Quintiles
Groupings that result from ranking all households or people in the population in ascending order according to some characteristic such as their household income and then dividing the population into five equal groups, each comprising 20% of the estimated population. Reference: Household Wealth and Wealth Distribution, Australia (ABS cat. no. 6554.0).

Real gross state income
A measure of the real purchasing power of income generated by production within a state or territory. It is calculated by adjusting the chain volume measure of GSP for changes in the terms of trade. Reference: Australian National Accounts, State Accounts (ABS cat. no. 5220.0).

Recorded criminal incidents
A criminal incident is defined as an activity detected by or reported to police which:

• involved the same offender(s);
• involved the same victim(s);
• occurred at the one location;
• occurred during one uninterrupted period of time;
• falls into one offence category;
• falls into one incident type (e.g. 'actual', attempted', 'conspiracy').

Recorded victims
For murder and manslaughter only, the counting units used are victims. Under the definition of a criminal incident one murder or manslaughter incident could involve two or more persons being killed. Because of the seriousness of these offences and their relatively small numbers, it was considered to be more appropriate to count the number of victims, rather than the number of criminal incidents. Hence, where one murder incident involves a person killing six people, six murder victims are counted. Reference: Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research, NSW Recorded Crime Statistics.

Recurrent expenditure
Expenditure incurred by organisations on a recurring basis, for the provision of health services. This excludes capital expenditure and depreciation (capital consumption). Reference: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW), 2006, Health Expenditure Australia 2004-05 (AIHW cat. no. HWE 35).

Re-exports
Re-exports are defined as goods, materials or articles originally imported into Australia which are exported in either the same condition in which they were imported, or after undergoing some minor operations (e.g. blending, packaging, bottling, cleaning and sorting) which leave them essentially unchanged. Included in international merchandise export statistics. Reference: International Merchandise Trade, Australia: Concepts, Sources and Methods, 2001 (ABS cat. no. 5489.0).

Relative survival
This is the ratio of observed survival to that which would be expected in the absence of cancer. Reference: Cancer in NSW; Incidence and Mortality 2003, Cancer Council NSW.

Reparation
Reparation refers to all offenders with an order that requires them to undertake unpaid, justice agency-approved community service work. Reference: Corrective Services, Australia (ABS cat. no. 4512.0).

Reported rate
The total number of victims of an offence who reported the most recent incident to police, expressed as a percentage of the total victims of that offence. Reference: Crime and Safety, Australia (ABS cat. no. 4509.0).

Residential aged care places
The number of beds which are provided for long term nursing care to chronically ill, frail or disabled persons, and beds provided for people who are unable to live wholly independently but do not require nursing care, per 1,000 of the population aged 70 years and over. Reference: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW), 2006, Residential Aged Care in Australia 2004-05 (AIHW cat. no. AGE 45).

Restricted movement
This refers to persons who are subject to a system of restricted movement, including supervision and/or electronic monitoring. This category includes home detention that may restrict residence to a nominated place. Reference: Corrective Services, Australia (ABS cat. no. 4512.0).

Retail turnover
Turnover includes retail sales; wholesale sales; takings from repairs, meals and hiring of goods (except for rent, leasing and hiring of land and buildings); commissions from agency activity; and net takings from gaming machines etc. From July 2000, turnover includes the Goods and Service Tax. Reference: Retail Trade, Australia (ABS cat. no. 8501.0).

Reuse water
Reuse water refers to wastewater that may have been treated to some extent and used again without first being discharged to the environment. It excludes water reused on-site, for example on-farm water reuse, or water constantly being recycled within a manufacturing plant. Reference: Water Account, Australia (ABS cat. no. 4610.0).

Revolving credit
A commitment for a credit or borrowing limit is given for a specific period after which the commitment is reviewed. Examples include credit cards, lines of credit and approved overdrafts. Reference: Lending Finance, Australia (ABS cat. no. 5671.0).

Risky/high risk alcohol status
Males aged 18 years and over who reported drinking more than 50 ml and up to and including 75 ml of absolute alcohol (risky) or more than 75 ml (high risk) per day, and females aged 18 years and over who reported drinking more than 25 ml and up to and including 50 ml of absolute alcohol (risky) and more than 50 ml (high risk) on average per day. Reference: National Health Survey, Summary of Results (ABS cat. no. 4364.0).

Robbery
An incident where individual(s) stole something from a person by threatening or attacking them. It includes incidents of attempted robbery where individual(s) attempted to steal something from the person but nothing was actually stolen. Reference: Crime and Safety, Australia (ABS cat. no. 4509.0).

Room occupancy rate
The room occupancy rate represents room occupancy expressed as a percentage of total capacity available during the survey period. Reference: Tourist Accommodation, Australia (ABS cat. no. 8635.0).

Schooling restriction
A schooling restriction is determined for persons aged 5-20 years who have one or more disabilities if, because of their disability, they:

• are unable to attend school;
• attend a special school;
• attend special classes at an ordinary school;
• need at least one day a week off school on average; or
• have difficulty at school.

Secondary education
Secondary education typically commences after completion of primary education, at around age 12 years, and lasts for five or six years. Reference: Schools, Australia (ABS cat. no. 4221.0).

Self-extracted water
Water extracted directly from the environment for use (including rivers, lakes, groundwater and other water bodies). Some of this water is then distributed via a water provider to others. Reference: Water Account, Australia (ABS cat. no. 4610.0).

Sentenced probation
A supervision order made following an original sentence handed down in court following conviction. A probation order generally requires 'good behaviour' and compliance with the directions of supervisors. The order may also require compliance with conditions such as program attendance and residential requirements. Reference: Corrective Services, Australia (ABS cat. no. 4512.0).

Separations
The term used to refer an episode of care for an admitted patient, which can be a total hospital stay (from admission to discharge, transfer or death), or a portion of a hospital stay beginning or ending in a change of type of care (for example, from acute to rehabilitation). Separation also means the process by which an admitted patient completes an episode of care either by being discharged, dying, transferring to another hospital or changing type of care. Reference: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) 2006, Australian Hospital Statistics, 2004-05 (AIHW cat. no. HSE 41).

Service industries
The combination of the following divisions of the Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification (ANZSIC): Wholesale trade; Retail trade; Accommodation, cafes and restaurants; Transport and storage; Communication services; Finance and insurance; Property and business services; Government administration and defence; Education; Health and community services; Cultural and recreational services; and Personal and other services. Reference: Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification 1993 (ABS cat. no. 1292.0).

Sex ratio
The sex ratio relates to the number of males per 100 females. Reference: Demography, NSW (ABS cat. no. 3311.1.55.001).

Sexual assault
An incident which was of a sexual nature involving physical contact: includes rape, attempted rape, indecent assault, and assault with intent to sexually assault. Sexual harassment (that did not lead to an assault) was excluded. Only females aged 18 years and over were asked sexual assault questions. Reference: Crime and Safety, Australia (ABS cat. no. 4509.0).

Skill level
Skill level is measured by: formal education and training, and previous experience usually required for entry into an occupation. ASCO Second Edition assigns each of the nine major groups in the classification to one of five ranked skill levels. Skill Level 1 - Managers and administrators and Professionals Skill Level 2 - Associate professionals Skill Level 3 - Tradespersons and related workers and Advanced clerical and service workers Skill Level 4 - Intermediate production and transport workers and Intermediate clerical, sales and service workers Skill Level 5 - Elementary clerical, sales and service workers and Labourers and related workers. Reference: Australian Standard Classification of Occupations (ASCO), Second edition (ABS cat. no. 1220.0).

Smoker status
The extent to which an adult was smoking at the time of interview, and refers to regular smoking of tobacco, including manufactured (packet) cigarettes, roll-your-own cigarettes, cigars and pipes, but excludes chewing tobacco and smoking of non-tobacco products. Categorised as:

• Current daily smoker-an adult who reported at the time of interview that they regularly smoked one or more cigarettes, cigars or pipes per day;
• Current smoker other-an adult who reported at the time of interview that they smoked cigarettes, cigars or pipes at least once a week, but not daily;
• Ex-smoker-an adult who reported they did not currently smoke, but had regularly smoked daily, or had smoked at least 100 cigarettes, or smoked pipes, cigars, etc at least 20 times in their lifetime; or
• Never smoked-an adult who reported they had never regularly smoked daily, or had smoked less than 100 cigarettes in their lifetime and had smoked pipes, cigars, etc less than 20 times.

Specific limitation or restriction
A limitation in core activities, or a restriction in schooling and/or employment. Reference: Disability, Ageing and Carers, Australia (ABS cat. no. 4430.0).

State final demand
The aggregate obtained by summing government final consumption expenditure, household final consumption expenditure, private gross fixed capital formation and the gross fixed capital formation of public corporations and general government. It is conceptually equivalent to the Australia level aggregate domestic final demand. Reference: Australian National Accounts, State Accounts (ABS cat. no. 5220.0).

Step family
A couple family containing one or more children aged 0-17 years, none of whom is the natural or adopted child of both members of the couple, and at least one of whom is the step child of either member of the couple. A step family may also include other children who are not the natural children of either parent.
Reference: Family Characteristics, Australia (ABS cat. no. 4442.0).

Student
An individual who was enrolled in a subject or completed a qualification during the reporting period.
Reference: National Centre for Vocational Education Research, Australian vocational education and training statistics: Students and courses 2003.

Substantiation reports
Reports which determine risk of harm or actual harm. Reference: NSW Department of Community Services, 2006, Annual Statistical Report, 2004-05.

Supervision
This includes community-based orders other than those categorised as restricted movement or reparation (e.g. parole, bail and sentenced probation). Reference: Corrective Services Australia (ABS cat. no. 4512.0).

Supported Accommodation Assistance Program (SAAP)
A joint Commonwealth and State program to assist homeless people and those at risk of homelessness.
Reference: Counting the Homeless (ABS cat. no. 2050.0).

Supported Accommodation Assistance Program (SAAP) client
A person aged 18 years or over, or a person of any age not accompanied by a parent or guardian, who receives support or assistance from a SAAP agency which entails generally one hour or more of a workers' time, either with that client directly or on behalf of that client, on a given day; or is accommodated by a SAAP agency; or enters into an ongoing support relationship with a SAAP agency. Reference: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW). Homeless people in SAAP: SAAP National Data Collection annual report 2002-03, New South Wales supplementary tables.

Suspended sentence
A court may impose a sentence of imprisonment of up to two years duration and then suspend the sentence on the condition that the offender enters into a good behaviour bond. Reference: Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research, NSW Criminal Courts Statistics.

Total expenses
For the purposes of calculating economic and accounting variables, operating expenses incurred by businesses are divided into several categories. Excluded are extraordinary expenses, capitalised expenses, income tax and other direct taxes, GST and excise payable to governments, capital repayments or losses on asset sales, dividends, donations or foreign exchange losses. Reference: Australian Industry (ABS cat. no. 8155.0).

Total factor income
That part of the cost of producing the gross domestic product which consists of gross payments to factors of production (labour and capital). It represents the value added by these factors in the process of production and is equivalent to gross domestic product less taxes plus subsidies on production and imports. Reference: Australian National Accounts, State Accounts (ABS cat. no. 5220.0).

Total fertility rate
The sum of age-specific fertility rates. It represents the number of children a woman would bear during her lifetime if she experienced current age-specific fertility rates at each age of her reproductive life. Reference: Births, Australia (ABS cat. no. 3301.0).

Total hourly rates of pay index
Measures quarterly change in combined ordinary time and overtime hourly rates of pay. Reference: Labour Price Index, Australia (ABS cat. no. 6345.0).

Total income
Comprises sales and service income, interest income and other selected income. Reference: Australian Industry (ABS cat. no. 8155.0).

Trade union members
Employees with membership in an organisation consisting predominantly of employees, the principal activities of which include the negotiation of rates of pay and conditions of employment for its members, in conjunction with their main job. Reference: Employee Earnings, Benefits and Trade Union Membership, Australia (ABS cat. no. 6310.0).

Triage category
The triage classification is used in the emergency departments of hospitals to indicate the urgency of the patient’s need for medical and nursing care. The triage category is allocated by an experienced registered nurse or medical practitioner. Patients will be triaged into one of five categories on the National Triage Scale that incorporate the time by which the patient should receive care:

• Resuscitation: immediate (within seconds);
• Emergency: within 10 minutes;
• Urgent: within 30 minutes;
• Semi-urgent: within 60 minutes;
• Non-urgent: within 120 minutes.

Underemployment rate
The number of underemployed workers expressed as a percentage of the labour force. Reference: Australian Labour Market Statistics (ABS cat. no. 6105.0).

Underlying cause of death
The disease or injury which initiated the train of morbid events leading directly to death. Accidental and violent deaths are classified according to the external cause, that is, to the circumstances of the accident or violence which produced the fatal injury rather than to the nature of the injury. Reference: Causes of Death, Australia (ABS cat. no. 3303.0).

Unemployed
Persons aged 15 years and over who were not employed during the reference week, and:

• had actively looked for full-time or part-time work at any time in the four weeks up to the end of the reference week and were available for work in the reference week; or
• were waiting to start a new job within four weeks from the end of the reference week and could have started in the reference week if the job had been available then.

Unemployment rate
For any group, the number of unemployed persons expressed as a percentage of the labour force in the same group. Reference: Labour Force, Australia (ABS cat. no. 6202.0).

Unincorporated enterprise
A business entity in which the owner and the business are legally inseparable, so that the owner is liable for any business debts that are incurred. Reference: Forms of Employment, Australia (ABS cat. no. 6359.0).

Unlinked trip
An unlinked trip is each component of a linked trip, including each mode used. For example, for a person living in Parramatta and working in the Sydney Central Business District, who travels by train with a walk trip at either end of the train trip, this would be recorded as three unlinked trips. Reference: Transport and Population Data Centre, NSW Department of Planning, 2004 Household Travel Survey Summary Report.

Usual daily serves of fruit
A serve of fruit was defined as approximately 150 grams of fresh fruit or 50 grams of dried fruit. Reference: National Health Survey: Summary of Results (ABS cat. no. 4364.0).

Usual daily serves of vegetables
A serve of vegetables was defined as approximately 75 grams of vegetables. Reference: National Health Survey: Summary of Results (ABS cat. no. 4364.0).

Usual residence
Usual residence within Australia refers to that address at which the person has lived or intends to live for a total of six months or more in a given reference year. Reference: Births, Australia (ABS cat. no. 3301.0).

Victim (Estimated crime)
A household or person reporting at least one of the offences surveyed. Victims were counted once only for each type of offence, regardless of the number of incidents of that type. Reference: Crime and Safety, Australia (ABS cat. no. 4509.0).

Victimisation rate
The number of victims of an offence in a given population expressed as a percentage of that population.
Reference: Crime and Safety, Australia (ABS cat. no. 4509.0).

Vocational Education and Training (VET) in Schools
A program which allows students to combine vocational studies with their general education curriculum. Students participating in VET in Schools continue to work towards their senior secondary School Certificate, while the VET component of their studies gives them credit towards a nationally recognised VET qualification. VET in Schools programs may involve structured work placements. Reference: National Centre for Vocational Education Research, Australian vocational education and training statistics: Students and courses 2003.

Vocational programs
Type of training programs (as distinct from non-vocational programs) designed to equip students with vocational skills and knowledge that prepare them for the workplace. This includes general education programs designed for students who may want to undertake vocational programs in the future. Reference: National Centre for Vocational Education Research, Australian vocational education and training statistics: Students and courses 2003.

Voluntary work
The provision of unpaid help in the form of time, service or skills. Reference: General Social Survey (ABS cat. no. 4159.0).

Vulnerable species
A species is eligible to be listed as a vulnerable species if, in the opinion of the Scientific Committee, the species is likely to become endangered in NSW unless the circumstances and factors threatening its survival or evolutionary development cease to operate. Reference: Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995.

Wages and salaries (Economic Activity)
The gross wages and salaries of all employees of the business. The item includes severance, termination and redundancy payments, salaries and fees, retainers and commissions. Provision expenses for employee entitlements are also included. Payments related to salary sacrifice and payments to self-employed persons are excluded. The drawings of working proprietors and partners are also excluded. Reference: Australian Industry (ABS cat. no. 8155.0).

Wages and salaries (Household Economic Resources)
The gross cash income received as a return to labour from an employer or from a person's own incorporated business. Reference: Household Income and Income Distribution, Australia (ABS cat. no. 6523.0).

Wage price index
Measures changes in the price of wages. The "Total hourly rates of pay excluding bonuses" index includes wages and salary but excludes overtime, bonuses, superannuation, annual and public holiday leave, payroll tax and workers' compensation. The effect of changes in the amount of overtime paid is not shown in this index. Reference: Labour Price Index, Australia (ABS cat. no. 6345.0).

Waiting time at admission
The time elapsed for a patient on the elective surgery waiting list from the date they were added to the waiting list for the procedure to the date they were admitted to hospital for the procedure. Reference: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) 2006, Australian Hospital Statistics, 2004-05 (AIHW cat. no. HSE 41).

Wholesale finance
Comprises finance for the purchase of goods by retailers and wholesalers. Reference: Lending Finance, Australia (ABS cat. no. 5671.0).

Work arrangements
Arrangements, such as flexible working hours, permanent part-time work, shiftwork, job sharing or working at home, normally used by employed parents to assist them to care for their child(ren). Reference: Child Care, Australia (ABS cat.no.4402.0).

Working days lost
Refers to working days lost by employees directly and indirectly involved in the dispute. Reference: Australian Labour Market Statistics (ABS cat. no. 6105.0).

Workplace injuries
Workplace injury refers to an accident at the workplace, either during work or a work break, and when the worker’s activity is under the control of an employer. Also included in this category are injuries that occurred while the employee was working at a location other than their normal workplace or base of operations (including in a motor vehicle). Reference: WorkCover Authority of NSW, Workers Compensation Statistical Bulletin, 2004-05.

Work related condition
Long term medical conditions reported in the survey due to an accident, incident or exposure, and which the respondent identified as work related. Reference: National Health Survey, Summary of Results (ABS cat. no. 4364.0).

Work related fatalities
Fatalities included in this section are those for which a workers compensation claim has been lodged with an insurer and the person dies as a result of the compensable condition during that financial year. Reference: WorkCover Authority of NSW, Workers Compensation Statistical Bulletin, 2004-05.

World Heritage Areas
Places that have natural and/or cultural values of outstanding universal significance, as established by the World Heritage Convention. Reference: Bureau of Rural Sciences, Australia's State of the Forests Report, 2003.

Year of occurrence
Data presented on year of occurrence basis relate to the date the event occurred. Reference: Births, Australia (ABS cat. no. 3301.0).

Year of registration
Data presented on year of registration basis relate to the date the event was registered. Reference: Births, Australia (ABS cat. no. 3301.0).