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Labour Force Status (1)
Applicable to persons aged 15 years and over (excluding overseas visitors)
During the week prior to Census Night, 8,298,606 people in Australia (4,546,783 males and 3,751,823 females) were employed, representing 92.6% of the labour force. Of these, 5,360,693 (64.6%) people (3,487,853 males and 1,872,840 females) were working full-time and 2,689,709 (32.4%) people (916,450 males and 1,773,259 females) were working part-time. This compares with 7,636,319 (90.8%) people (4,272,051 males and 3,364,268 females) who were employed in 1996 and 7,086,175 (88.4%) people (4,068,763 males and 3,017,412 females) in 1991.
In the 2001 Census, 660,709 people (393,967 males and 266,742 females) were unemployed, representing 7.4% of the labour force. Of these, 472,513 (71.5%) people (321,987 males and 150,526 females) were looking for full-time work and 188,196 (28.5%) people (71,980 males and 116,216 females) were looking for part-time work. In 1996, there were 771,970 (9.2%) unemployed people (467,925 males and 304,045 females) and 929,257 (11.6%) unemployed people (573,298 males and 355,959 females) in 1991.
Footnote 1: Working full-time is defined as having worked 35 hours or more in all jobs during the week prior to Census Night.
Non-School Qualification: Level of Education (2)
Applicable to persons aged 15 years and over (excluding overseas visitors)
In the 2001 Census, 472,970 (3.2%) people (241,796 males and 231,174 females) held a postgraduate degree, graduate diploma or graduate certificate. This compares with 373,927 (2.7%) people (196,303 males and 177,624 females) in 1996 and 249,624 (1.9%) people (136,772 males and 112,852 females) in 1991. In 2001, 1,445,943 (9.7%) people (668,522 males and 777,421 females) held a bachelor degree compared with 1,076,934 (7.7%) people ( 537,830 males and 539,104 females) in 1996 and 736,424 (5.7%) people (402,279 males and 334,145 females) in 1991.
There were 3,234,300 (21.8%) people (2,067,241 males and 1,167,059 females) with an advanced diploma, diploma or certificate in 2001 compared with 2,728,288 (19.6%) people (1,782,172 males and 946,116 females) in 1996 and 2,451,151 (18.8%) people (1,600,853 males and 850,298 females) in 1991. In 2001, 9,703,561 (65.3%) people (4,281,065 males and 5,422,496 females) did not have a qualification, did not state a qualification or stated a qualification outside of the scope of the standard classification. This compares with 9,735,748 (70.0%) people (4,300,503 males and 5,435,245 females) in 1996 and 9,580,491 (73.6%) people (4,259,514 males and 5,320,977 females) in 1991.
Footnote 2: This classification excludes all schooling up to year 12.
Industry of Employment (3)
Applicable to employed persons (excluding overseas visitors)
In the 2001 Census, 1,010,179 (12.2%) people (741,383 males and 268,796 females) were employed in the Manufacturing industry which compares with 965,036 (12.6%) people (695,007 males and 270,029 females) in 1996 and 904,046 (12.8%) people (655,775 males and 248,271 females) in 1991. There were 558,582 (6.7%) people (484,527 males and 74,055 females) employed in the Construction industry compared with 484,084 (6.3%) people (419,394 males and 64,690 females) in 1996 and 420,873 (5.9%) people (362,810 males and 58,063 females) in 1991.
There were 1,211,332 (14.6%) people (575,474 males and 635,858 females) employed in the Retail Trade industry, compared with 1,036,648 (13.6%) people (500,105 males and 536,543 females) in 1996 and 937,443 (13.2%) people (456,893 males and 480,550 females) in 1991. 920,331 (11.1%) people (494,378 males and 425,955 females) were employed in the Property and Business Services industry compared with 750,195 (9.8%) people (410,414 males and 339,781 females) in 1996 and 519,435 (7.3%) people (281,328 males and 238,107 females) in 1991.
There were 595,398 (7.2%) people (186,520 males and 408,878 females) employed in the Education industry compared with 540,063 (7.1%) people (184,287 males and 355,776 females) in 1996 and 471,601 (6.7%) people (165,482 males and 306,119 females) in 1991. There were 806,171 (9.2%) people (173,479 males and 632,692 females) employed in the Health and Community Services industry compared with 725,178 (9.5%) people (161,489 males and 563,689 females) in 1996 and 594,480 (8.4%) people (139,219 males and 455,261 females) in 1991.
See Table 1 for more detailed statistics on industry of employment for the 2001 Census.
Footnote 3: The industry classification underwent a major review following the 1991 Census. The 1991 Census data should be used as an indicator only.
Occupation (4)
Applicable to employed persons (excluding overseas visitors)
In the 2001 Census, 764,823 (9.2%) people (550,655 males and 214,168 females) were employed as Managers and Administrators which compares with 709,925 (9.3%) people (515,371 males and 194,554 females) in 1996 and 693,861 (9.8%) people (517,828 males and 176,033 females) in 1991. There were 1,514,096 (18.2%) people (718,617 males and 795,479 females) employed as Professionals which compares with 1,309,468 (17.1%) people (641,073 males and 668,395 females) in 1996 and 1,050,522 (14.8%) people (526,985 males and 523,537 females) in 1991.
There were 975,653 (11.8%) people (546,159 males and 429,494 females) employed as Associate Professionals which compares with 861,169 (11.3%) people (511,209 males and 349,960 females) in 1996 and 537,875 (7.6%) people (340,700 males and 197,175 females) in 1991. 1,018,903 (12.3%) people (906,687 males and 112,216 females) were employed as Tradespersons and Related Workers which compares with 997,010 (13.1%) people (887,761 males and 109,249 females) in 1996 and 977,549 (13.8%) people (872,316 males and 105,233 females) in 1991.
There were 1,366,701 (16.5%) people (390,015 males and 976,686 females) employed as Intermediate Clerical, Sales and Service Workers which compares with 1,222,735 (16.0%) people (366,389 males and 856,346 females) in 1996 and 840,713 (11.9%) people (277,421 males and 563,292 females) in 1991. There were 717,457 (8.6%) people (453,115 males and 264,342 females) employed as Labourers and Related Workers which compares with 667,250 (8.7%) people (402,975 males and 264,275 females) in 1996 and 656,512 (9.3%) people (387,045 males and 269,467 females) in 1991.
See Table 2 for more detailed statistics on occupation for the 2001 Census.
Footnote 4: The occupation classification underwent a major review following the 1991 Census. The 1991Census data should be used as an indicator only.
Method of Travel to Work
Applicable to employed persons (excluding overseas visitors)
On Census day, 7 August 2001, 265,102 (3.2%) people travelled to work by train only, 208,294 (2.5%) people took the bus only and 59,863 (0.7%) people took both the bus and the train. There were 5,329,832 (64.2%) people who travelled to work by car, either as the driver or as a passenger and 394,846 (4.8%) people either rode a bike or walked to work.
Table 1. Industry of Employment by Sex
Employed Persons (excluding overseas visitors)
 | Males | Females | Persons |
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| Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing | 230,610 | 100,172 | 330,782 |
| Mining | 64,947 | 10,231 | 75,178 |
| Manufacturing | 741,383 | 268,796 | 1,010,179 |
| Electricity, Gas and Water Supply | 48,685 | 12,007 | 60,692 |
| Construction | 484,527 | 74,055 | 558,582 |
| Wholesale Trade | 296,012 | 141,122 | 437,134 |
| Retail Trade | 575,474 | 635,858 | 1,211,332 |
| Accomodation, Cafes and Restaurants | 180,177 | 230,412 | 410,589 |
| Transport and Storage | 264,885 | 90,989 | 355,874 |
| Communication Services | 97,975 | 50,505 | 148,480 |
| Finance and Insurance | 136,474 | 175,922 | 312,396 |
| Property and Business Services | 494,376 | 425,955 | 920,331 |
| Government Administration and Defence | 203,834 | 166,021 | 369,855 |
| Education | 186,520 | 408,878 | 595,398 |
| Health and Community Services | 173,479 | 632,692 | 806,171 |
| Cultural and Recreational Services | 105,477 | 96,979 | 202,456 |
| Personal and Other Services | 158,749 | 141,909 | 300,658 |
| Non-classifiable economic units | 27,141 | 20,765 | 47,906 |
| Not Stated | 76,058 | 68,555 | 144,613 |
| Total | 4,546,783 | 3,751,823 | 8,298,606 |
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Table 2. Occupation by Sex
Employed Persons (excluding overseas visitors)
| Males | Females | Persons |
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| Managers and Administrators | 550,655 | 214,168 | 764,823 |
| Professionals | 718,617 | 795,479 | 1,514,096 |
| Associate Professionals | 546,159 | 429,494 | 975,653 |
| Tradespersons and Related Workers | 906,687 | 112,216 | 1,018,903 |
| Advanced Clerical and Service Workers | 35,152 | 274,816 | 309,968 |
| Intermediate Clerical, Sales and Service Workers | 390,015 | 976,686 | 1,366,701 |
| Intermediate Production and Transport Workers | 578,257 | 92,564 | 670,821 |
| Elementary Clerical, Sales and Service Workers | 271,066 | 521,312 | 792,378 |
| Labourers and Related Workers | 453,115 | 264,342 | 717,457 |
| Inadequately Described | 45,141 | 23,836 | 68,977 |
| Not Stated | 51,919 | 46,910 | 98,829 |
| Total | 4,546,783 | 3,751,823 | 8,298,606 |
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General Footnotes:
Results may vary from 1996 and 1991 published material due to methodological and classification changes.
For further information about variables included in this publication, please refer to the 2001 Census Dictionary.
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