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Feature Article - International Trade in services by Partner Country - 2003
Introduction
This article provides calendar year data for 2000, 2001, 2002 and 2003 for Australia's international trade in services with selected major trading partners.
Table F1 presents Australia's international trade in services, for credits (exports) and debits (imports), for 2003, classified to the three broad service categories that are traded. Tables F2 to F4 present this information for calendar years 2002, 2001 and 2000.
INTERPRETATION OF DATA
The quality of statistics of international trade in services by partner country is considered to be good, although there are occasional difficulties due to lack of information or the confidentiality of the data for trading partners involved. Therefore approximately 8% of total credits and 5% of total debits shown in Table F1 are not able to be allocated to individual countries or country groups.
A comprehensive explanation of the data sources used and the methodology applied in the compilation of partner country statistics is provided in Chapter 17 of Balance of Payments and International Investment Position, Australia - Concepts, Sources and Methods (cat. no. 5331.0). This publication can be accessed on the ABS web site (www.abs.gov.au - select Statistics then select Statistical Concepts Library).
ANALYSIS OF AUSTRALIAN TRADE WITH SELECTED PARTNER COUNTRIES
Table F1 shows that, in the calendar year 2003, Australia recorded a deficit of $359 million in the balance on services. This was an increase of $74 million on the deficit for 2002.
The largest contribution to the overall deficit on services was the United States of America with a deficit of $1.4 billion. Deficits were recorded for most European trading partners, with Switzerland recording the largest deficit at $0.5 billion. Australia recorded surpluses with a number of its Asian trading partners, the largest being with Japan at $1.3 billion. Australia also recorded a surplus with New Zealand ($0.6 billion).
FURTHER INFORMATION
Further information and requests for longer time series for both calendar and financial year data by partner country can be obtained by contacting Kevin Yeadon on Canberra 02 6252 6255, or fax 02 6252 8003, or email at k.yeadon@abs.gov.au.
ABBREVIATIONS
APEC Asia Pacific Economic Co-operation
ASEAN Association of South East Asian Nations
EU European Union
OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
SAR Special Administrative Region of China
n.e.s. not elsewhere specified
TABLE F1. INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES, By selected countries and country groups - 2003 |
|  |
| | CREDITS (EXPORTS)
| DEBITS (IMPORTS)
| |
| Balance on services | Total services | Trans- portation | Travel | Other | Total services | Trans- portation | Travel | Other | |
| Country | $m | $m | $m | $m | $m | $m | $m | $m | $m | |
| |
| Belgium and Luxembourg | 112 | 149 | np | 34 | np | -37 | np | -18 | np | |
| Brunei Darussalam | -19 | 28 | np | 14 | np | -46 | np | -11 | np | |
| Canada | 18 | 406 | 56 | 322 | 31 | -388 | np | -244 | np | |
| Central America and Caribbean | -236 | 20 | np | 4 | np | -256 | - | -39 | -217 | |
| Chile | -53 | 12 | np | 8 | np | -65 | np | -46 | np | |
| China, Peoples Republic of | 145 | 1,015 | 143 | 745 | 127 | -870 | -390 | -347 | -132 | |
| Fiji | -277 | 123 | np | 73 | np | -399 | np | -236 | np | |
| France | -154 | 408 | 93 | 191 | 131 | -561 | np | -316 | np | |
| Germany | -336 | 787 | 232 | 480 | 75 | -1,123 | -721 | -193 | -209 | |
| Greece | -130 | 52 | - | 18 | 34 | -181 | np | -155 | np | |
| Hong Kong (SAR of China) | -250 | 1,231 | 206 | 595 | 430 | -1,482 | -566 | -448 | -468 | |
| Indonesia | 481 | 950 | 112 | 719 | 119 | -469 | -201 | -211 | -57 | |
| Ireland | 74 | 389 | - | 186 | 203 | -315 | np | -168 | np | |
| Italy | -231 | 219 | 53 | 153 | np | -450 | np | -406 | np | |
| Japan | 1,300 | 3,164 | 959 | 1,857 | 348 | -1,863 | -1,019 | -337 | -508 | |
| Korea, republic of | 438 | 870 | 120 | 706 | 44 | -432 | -184 | -67 | -181 | |
| Malaysia | 257 | 911 | 87 | 669 | 156 | -654 | -341 | -266 | -48 | |
| Mexico | -19 | 14 | - | 13 | 1 | -33 | - | -30 | -3 | |
| Netherlands | -215 | 318 | 54 | 180 | 84 | -534 | np | -91 | np | |
| New Zealand | 568 | 2,370 | 577 | 1,323 | 491 | -1,802 | -502 | -992 | -308 | |
| Papua New Guinea | 120 | 281 | np | 84 | np | -161 | np | -103 | np | |
| Peru | 10 | 34 | - | 34 | - | -24 | np | -24 | np | |
| Philippines | -47 | 127 | - | 72 | 55 | -175 | - | -121 | -54 | |
| Russian Federation | - | 50 | - | 45 | 5 | -50 | - | -46 | -4 | |
| Singapore | -303 | 2,081 | 710 | 804 | 573 | -2,385 | -1,814 | -338 | -233 | |
| South Africa | -39 | 253 | np | 121 | np | -292 | np | -193 | np | |
| Sweden | 91 | 166 | np | 146 | np | -75 | - | -35 | -40 | |
| Switzerland | -539 | 363 | 134 | 170 | 72 | -902 | -612 | -73 | -217 | |
| Taiwan | 136 | 361 | 27 | 324 | 10 | -225 | np | -94 | np | |
| Thailand | -285 | 460 | np | 354 | np | -746 | -295 | -420 | -31 | |
| United Kingdom | 110 | 3,782 | 754 | 2,079 | 949 | -3,672 | -934 | -1,546 | -1,192 | |
| United States of America | -1,379 | 4,771 | 747 | 1,398 | 2,626 | -6,151 | -674 | -1,423 | -4,053 | |
| Viet Nam | -138 | 197 | np | 128 | np | -335 | np | -275 | np | |
| Africa n.e.s. | -139 | 152 | np | 91 | np | -291 | np | -256 | np | |
| America n.e.s. | -42 | 157 | np | 122 | np | -199 | np | -88 | np | |
| Asia n.e.s. | -63 | 1,974 | 324 | 880 | 770 | -2,037 | -952 | -528 | -558 | |
| Europe n.e.s. | -348 | 990 | 290 | 553 | 148 | -1,338 | -456 | -720 | -162 | |
| Oceania n.e.s. | -162 | 247 | 35 | 132 | 80 | -409 | -89 | -282 | -38 | |
| Unallocated | 1,182 | 2,699 | 1,612 | 61 | 1,805 | -1,516 | -1,208 | -56 | -2,031 | |
| Total all countries | -359 | 32,583 | 7,325 | 15,888 | 9,370 | -32,943 | -10,956 | -11,242 | -10,745 | |
| APEC | 980 | 19,335 | 3,841 | 10,214 | 5,279 | -18,354 | -6,288 | -5,842 | -6,224 | |
| ASEAN | -57 | 4,758 | 981 | 2,760 | 1,017 | -4,815 | -2,739 | -1,642 | -434 | |
| EU | -971 | 6,571 | 1,375 | 3,576 | 1,620 | -7,542 | -2,268 | -3,190 | -2,079 | |
| OECD | -647 | 18,671 | 3,993 | 9,422 | 5,256 | -19,318 | -5,401 | -6,446 | -7,471 | |
| |
| - nil or rounded to zero (including null cells) |
| np not available for publication but included in totals where applicable, unless otherwise indicated |
TABLE F2. INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES, By selected countries and country groups - 2002 |
| |
| | CREDITS (EXPORTS)
| DEBITS (IMPORTS)
| |
| Balance on services | Total services | Trans- portation | Travel | Other | Total services | Trans- portation | Travel | Other | |
| Country | $m | $m | $m | $m | $m | $m | $m | $m | $m | |
| |
| Belgium and Luxembourg | 102 | 138 | np | 39 | np | -37 | np | -17 | np | |
| Brunei Darussalam | -28 | 23 | np | 11 | np | -51 | np | -11 | np | |
| Canada | 26 | 420 | 52 | 325 | 43 | -394 | np | -263 | np | |
| Central America and Caribbean | -237 | 11 | - | 4 | 7 | -248 | np | -26 | np | |
| Chile | -65 | 12 | np | 7 | np | -76 | np | -28 | np | |
| China, Peoples Republic of | 102 | 989 | 91 | 761 | 137 | -887 | -292 | -392 | -202 | |
| Fiji | -248 | 132 | 41 | 68 | 23 | -380 | -62 | -209 | -109 | |
| France | -111 | 366 | np | 191 | np | -477 | -71 | -311 | -95 | |
| Germany | -501 | 779 | 219 | 471 | 89 | -1,280 | -826 | -212 | -242 | |
| Greece | -175 | 62 | np | 24 | np | -237 | np | -167 | np | |
| Hong Kong (SAR of China) | -485 | 1,392 | 289 | 610 | 493 | -1,876 | -599 | -520 | -757 | |
| Indonesia | 369 | 988 | 151 | 679 | 158 | -618 | -296 | -250 | -72 | |
| Ireland | 26 | 251 | - | 173 | 78 | -225 | np | -161 | np | |
| Italy | -198 | 254 | np | 162 | np | -452 | np | -421 | np | |
| Japan | 1,808 | 3,616 | 1,153 | 2,075 | 388 | -1,808 | -957 | -311 | -540 | |
| Korea, republic of | 503 | 817 | 109 | 654 | 54 | -314 | -143 | -66 | -104 | |
| Malaysia | 127 | 891 | 107 | 650 | 134 | -765 | -425 | -280 | -59 | |
| Mexico | -21 | 15 | np | 12 | np | -36 | np | -34 | np | |
| Netherlands | -158 | 285 | np | 187 | np | -443 | np | -78 | np | |
| New Zealand | 548 | 2,223 | 536 | 1,254 | 433 | -1,675 | -484 | -871 | -320 | |
| Papua New Guinea | 154 | 317 | np | 90 | np | -164 | np | -100 | np | |
| Peru | 15 | 31 | - | 31 | - | -17 | np | -16 | np | |
| Philippines | -53 | 135 | - | 72 | 63 | -188 | np | -123 | np | |
| Russian Federation | -58 | 57 | np | 41 | np | -115 | -68 | -43 | -3 | |
| Singapore | -321 | 2,327 | 863 | 844 | 620 | -2,648 | -2,074 | -387 | -187 | |
| South Africa | -65 | 193 | np | 118 | np | -259 | np | -174 | np | |
| Sweden | 101 | 182 | - | 138 | 44 | -80 | np | -41 | np | |
| Switzerland | -615 | 408 | np | 170 | np | -1,023 | -722 | -65 | -236 | |
| Taiwan | 241 | 382 | 28 | 333 | 21 | -141 | -29 | -102 | -10 | |
| Thailand | -345 | 493 | np | 362 | np | -838 | -286 | -526 | -26 | |
| United Kingdom | 75 | 3,733 | 759 | 1,985 | 989 | -3,658 | -868 | -1,533 | -1,257 | |
| United States of America | -1,350 | 4,732 | 754 | 1,439 | 2,539 | -6,082 | -628 | -1,420 | -4,034 | |
| Viet Nam | -160 | 186 | 5 | 109 | 72 | -345 | np | -271 | np | |
| Africa n.e.s. | -92 | 221 | np | 92 | np | -313 | np | -239 | np | |
| America n.e.s. | 29 | 150 | np | 123 | np | -122 | np | -69 | np | |
| Asia n.e.s. | 249 | 1,872 | 274 | 831 | 767 | -1,623 | -666 | -454 | -503 | |
| Europe n.e.s. | -267 | 913 | 274 | 532 | 107 | -1,180 | -265 | -728 | -186 | |
| Oceania n.e.s. | -90 | 233 | 43 | 125 | 65 | -322 | -31 | -259 | -32 | |
| Unallocated | 884 | 2,746 | 1,924 | 42 | 2,147 | -1,862 | -1,210 | -35 | -2,063 | |
| Total all countries | -285 | 32,976 | 7,672 | 15,834 | 9,470 | -33,261 | -11,003 | -11,217 | -11,041 | |
| APEC | 1,008 | 20,047 | 4,317 | 10,359 | 5,371 | -19,039 | -6,474 | -6,017 | -6,548 | |
| ASEAN | -409 | 5,048 | 1,220 | 2,727 | 1,101 | -5,457 | -3,174 | -1,848 | -435 | |
| EU | -1,159 | 6,187 | 1,279 | 3,370 | 1,538 | -7,346 | -2,055 | -3,184 | -2,107 | |
| OECD | -357 | 18,454 | 4,047 | 9,299 | 5,108 | -18,811 | -5,070 | -6,306 | -7,434 | |
| |
| - nil or rounded to zero (including null cells) |
| np not available for publication but included in totals where applicable, unless otherwise indicated |
TABLE F3. INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES, By selected countries and country groups - 2001 |
| |
| | CREDITS (EXPORTS)
| DEBITS (IMPORTS)
| |
| Balance on services | Total services | Trans- portation | Travel | Other | Total services | Trans- portation | Travel | Other | |
| Country | $m | $m | $m | $m | $m | $m | $m | $m | $m | |
| |
| Belgium and Luxembourg | 78 | 117 | np | 38 | np | -40 | np | -20 | np | |
| Brunei Darussalam | -15 | 33 | np | 15 | np | -48 | np | -11 | np | |
| Canada | 20 | 421 | 54 | 328 | 39 | -401 | -62 | -269 | -70 | |
| Central America and Caribbean | -215 | 22 | np | 5 | np | -238 | np | -20 | np | |
| Chile | -61 | 16 | np | 9 | np | -78 | np | -30 | np | |
| China, Peoples Republic of | 159 | 898 | 126 | 673 | 99 | -739 | -303 | -317 | -119 | |
| Fiji | -162 | 109 | np | 67 | np | -271 | np | -154 | np | |
| France | -42 | 354 | np | 195 | np | -396 | np | -276 | np | |
| Germany | -449 | 831 | 237 | 512 | 82 | -1,280 | -831 | -208 | -241 | |
| Greece | -224 | 64 | np | 25 | np | -288 | np | -178 | np | |
| Hong Kong (SAR of China) | -614 | 1,405 | 288 | 597 | 520 | -2,019 | -600 | -564 | -855 | |
| Indonesia | 346 | 955 | 162 | 656 | 137 | -610 | -267 | -275 | -68 | |
| Ireland | -18 | 226 | - | 181 | 45 | -244 | np | -167 | np | |
| Italy | -210 | 247 | np | 161 | np | -457 | np | -418 | np | |
| Japan | 1,272 | 3,484 | 1,196 | 1,957 | 331 | -2,211 | -1,270 | -315 | -627 | |
| Korea, republic of | 446 | 813 | 146 | 605 | 62 | -367 | -194 | -72 | -101 | |
| Malaysia | -8 | 832 | 108 | 612 | 112 | -840 | -499 | -294 | -47 | |
| Mexico | -27 | 11 | np | 10 | np | -38 | np | -35 | np | |
| Netherlands | -158 | 272 | 33 | 195 | 44 | -430 | np | -74 | np | |
| New Zealand | 512 | 2,226 | 472 | 1,300 | 454 | -1,714 | -546 | -903 | -265 | |
| Papua New Guinea | 216 | 358 | np | 100 | np | -143 | np | -99 | np | |
| Peru | 23 | 35 | - | 32 | 3 | -12 | np | -11 | np | |
| Philippines | -12 | 144 | np | 75 | np | -157 | - | -119 | -37 | |
| Russian Federation | -45 | 68 | np | 49 | np | -113 | np | -40 | np | |
| Singapore | -227 | 2,215 | 899 | 852 | 464 | -2,442 | -1,812 | -418 | -212 | |
| South Africa | -17 | 196 | 39 | 125 | 32 | -213 | np | -138 | np | |
| Sweden | 104 | 173 | np | 139 | np | -68 | - | -32 | -36 | |
| Switzerland | -775 | 377 | 148 | 183 | 46 | -1,151 | -944 | -57 | -150 | |
| Taiwan | 273 | 398 | 38 | 343 | 17 | -125 | np | -94 | np | |
| Thailand | -351 | 475 | np | 344 | np | -826 | -279 | -524 | -24 | |
| United Kingdom | 235 | 3,620 | 754 | 1,898 | 968 | -3,385 | -655 | -1,496 | -1,234 | |
| United States of America | -1,230 | 4,779 | 785 | 1,460 | 2,534 | -6,009 | -984 | -1,376 | -3,649 | |
| Viet Nam | -140 | 126 | np | 89 | np | -265 | np | -213 | np | |
| Africa n.e.s. | -83 | 211 | np | 97 | np | -294 | -45 | -224 | -25 | |
| America n.e.s. | -12 | 155 | np | 109 | np | -167 | np | -89 | np | |
| Asia n.e.s. | 180 | 1,725 | 280 | 804 | 641 | -1,544 | -559 | -427 | -558 | |
| Europe n.e.s. | -144 | 949 | 288 | 505 | 156 | -1,092 | -254 | -700 | -138 | |
| Oceania n.e.s. | -58 | 218 | 44 | 126 | 48 | -276 | -25 | -235 | -15 | |
| Unallocated | 914 | 2,690 | 1,870 | 58 | 1,918 | -1,776 | -989 | -126 | -2,156 | |
| Total all countries | -521 | 32,246 | 7,967 | 15,529 | 8,750 | -32,767 | -11,117 | -11,021 | -10,629 | |
| APEC | 534 | 19,691 | 4,509 | 10,106 | 5,076 | -19,156 | -7,003 | -5,980 | -6,174 | |
| ASEAN | -408 | 4,789 | 1,286 | 2,643 | 860 | -5,198 | -2,930 | -1,854 | -413 | |
| EU | -928 | 6,067 | 1,335 | 3,344 | 1,388 | -6,995 | -1,845 | -3,082 | -2,068 | |
| OECD | -839 | 18,191 | 4,128 | 9,187 | 4,876 | -19,029 | -5,855 | -6,204 | -6,970 | |
| |
| - nil or rounded to zero (including null cells) |
| np not available for publication but included in totals where applicable, unless otherwise indicated |
TABLE F3. INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES, By selected countries and country groups - 2000 |
| |
| | CREDITS (EXPORTS)
| DEBITS (IMPORTS)
| |
| Balance on services | Total services | Trans- portation | Travel | Other | Total services | Trans- portation | Travel | Other | |
| Country | $m | $m | $m | $m | $m | $m | $m | $m | $m | |
| |
| Belgium and Luxembourg | 40 | 103 | np | 40 | np | -64 | - | -19 | -45 | |
| Brunei Darussalam | -15 | 18 | np | 9 | np | -33 | np | -9 | np | |
| Canada | 29 | 416 | 73 | 283 | 60 | -387 | -84 | -228 | -75 | |
| Central America and Caribbean | -247 | 5 | np | 4 | np | -252 | np | -27 | np | |
| Chile | -29 | 12 | - | 11 | 1 | -41 | np | -23 | np | |
| China, Peoples Republic of | 72 | 765 | 121 | 529 | 115 | -693 | -341 | -252 | -100 | |
| Fiji | -123 | 183 | 85 | 69 | 29 | -307 | -61 | -173 | -73 | |
| France | -43 | 354 | np | 205 | np | -397 | np | -258 | np | |
| Germany | -223 | 830 | 186 | 510 | 134 | -1,052 | -673 | -178 | -202 | |
| Greece | -189 | 77 | np | 34 | np | -266 | -77 | -175 | -15 | |
| Hong Kong (SAR of China) | -353 | 1,062 | 295 | 535 | 232 | -1,415 | -676 | -508 | -232 | |
| Indonesia | 275 | 830 | 158 | 561 | 111 | -555 | -229 | -254 | -71 | |
| Ireland | -9 | 187 | - | 152 | 35 | -196 | np | -154 | np | |
| Italy | -98 | 303 | np | 201 | np | -401 | np | -343 | np | |
| Japan | 1,580 | 3,566 | 1,217 | 1,996 | 353 | -1,985 | -1,126 | -262 | -598 | |
| Korea, republic of | 380 | 662 | 109 | 499 | 54 | -282 | -101 | -55 | -125 | |
| Malaysia | -39 | 806 | 101 | 556 | 149 | -845 | -493 | -289 | -63 | |
| Mexico | -19 | 13 | np | 8 | np | -32 | np | -25 | np | |
| Netherlands | -187 | 324 | 73 | 197 | 54 | -511 | np | -91 | np | |
| New Zealand | 597 | 2,208 | 424 | 1,214 | 570 | -1,611 | -513 | -773 | -325 | |
| Papua New Guinea | 230 | 395 | 110 | 113 | 172 | -165 | np | -122 | np | |
| Peru | 4 | 4 | - | - | 4 | - | - | - | - | |
| Philippines | -13 | 167 | np | 82 | np | -180 | - | -121 | -59 | |
| Russian Federation | -12 | 63 | np | 45 | np | -76 | np | -28 | np | |
| Singapore | -323 | 1,897 | 737 | 766 | 394 | -2,219 | -1,607 | -355 | -257 | |
| South Africa | - | 183 | np | 100 | np | -183 | np | -120 | np | |
| Sweden | 196 | 291 | np | 139 | np | -95 | - | -32 | -62 | |
| Switzerland | -565 | 347 | np | 188 | np | -911 | -702 | -60 | -150 | |
| Taiwan | 316 | 441 | 46 | 370 | 25 | -126 | -22 | -93 | -11 | |
| Thailand | -241 | 467 | 131 | 292 | 44 | -708 | -235 | -439 | -34 | |
| United Kingdom | -297 | 3,466 | 709 | 1,704 | 1,053 | -3,763 | -795 | -1,630 | -1,337 | |
| United States of America | -771 | 5,789 | 814 | 1,435 | 3,540 | -6,560 | -1,255 | -1,681 | -3,624 | |
| Viet Nam | -148 | 100 | np | 77 | np | -248 | np | -162 | np | |
| Africa n.e.s. | -264 | 174 | 24 | 111 | 39 | -439 | -137 | -275 | -27 | |
| America n.e.s. | 64 | 227 | 97 | 95 | 35 | -164 | -36 | -70 | -58 | |
| Asia n.e.s. | 454 | 1,626 | 282 | 584 | 760 | -1,172 | -461 | -346 | -365 | |
| Europe n.e.s. | 151 | 1,024 | 183 | 545 | 296 | -874 | -157 | -604 | -112 | |
| Oceania n.e.s. | -47 | 198 | 33 | 121 | 44 | -246 | -39 | -190 | -17 | |
| Unallocated | 299 | 2,545 | 1,451 | 144 | 1,843 | -2,246 | -1,038 | -102 | -2,277 | |
| Total all countries | 431 | 32,130 | 7,459 | 14,524 | 10,147 | -31,699 | -10,860 | -10,526 | -10,313 | |
| APEC | 1,520 | 19,683 | 4,385 | 9,381 | 5,917 | -18,163 | -6,814 | -5,679 | -5,670 | |
| ASEAN | -512 | 4,296 | 1,167 | 2,343 | 786 | -4,808 | -2,618 | -1,630 | -560 | |
| EU | -947 | 6,088 | 1,287 | 3,182 | 1,619 | -7,035 | -1,819 | -3,070 | -2,146 | |
| OECD | 143 | 19,064 | 3,996 | 8,805 | 6,263 | -18,920 | -5,604 | -6,242 | -7,074 | |
| |
| - nil or rounded to zero (including null cells) |
| np not available for publication but included in totals where applicable, unless otherwise indicated |
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