Health


HEALTH STATUS
Life expectancy at birth
Healthy life expectancy at birth(b)
Country
Reference year
Infant mortality rate(a)
Males
Females
Reference year
Males
Females
rate
years
years
years
years
Australia
2000-2005
5
76.0
81.6
2000
69.6
73.3
Canada
2000-2005
5
76.6
82.3
2000
68.3
71.7
China (excludes SARs and Taiwan Province)
2000-2005
37
69.1
73.5
2000
60.9
63.3
France
2000-2005
5
75.0
82.5
2000
68.5
72.9
Greece
2000-2005
6
76.1
81.2
2000
69.7
72.3
Hong Kong (SAR of China)
2000-2005
4
76.6
81.9
. .
n.a.
n.a.
Indonesia
2000-2005
40
65.3
69.3
2000
56.5
58.4
Italy
2000-2005
5
75.8
81.7
2000
69.5
72.8
Japan
2000-2005
3
77.2
83.3
2000
71.2
76.3
Korea (Republic of)
2000-2005
7
70.0
77.0
2000
63.2
68.8
Malaysia
2000-2005
10
71.1
75.5
2000
59.7
63.4
New Zealand
2000-2005
6
74.9
80.5
2000
69.5
72.1
Papua New Guinea
2000-2005
62
59.2
60.7
2000
46.6
47.1
Singapore
2000-2005
5
75.9
80.3
2000
66.8
68.9
Sweden
2000-2005
3
77.1
81.6
2000
70.1
72.7
United Kingdom
2000-2005
5
75.3
80.6
2000
68.3
71.4
United States of America
2000-2005
7
74.2
80.6
2000
65.7
68.8
Viet Nam
2000-2005
34
66.9
71.6
2000
58.2
59.7
(a) Per 1,000 live births.
(b) Healthy life expectancy at birth summarises the expected number of years to be lived in what might be termed the equivalent years of 'full health'.

Source:United Nations World Population Prospects: The 2000 Revision; United Nations World Population Prospects: The 1998 Revision; World Health Organisation Statistical Information System <URL:http://www.who.int/whosis >, (accessed 28 March 2002).

STANDARDISED DEATH RATES(a) FOR SELECTED CAUSES OF DEATH
Country
Reference year
Malignant
neoplasms (cancer)
Ischaemic heart disease
Cerebro-vascular disease (stroke)
Motor vehicle traffic accidents
Suicide and self-inflicted injury(b)
All causes
rate
rate
rate
rate
rate
rate
Australia
1995
139.5
110.9
45.6
10.2
11.3
503.2
Canada
1997
142.1
94.9
33.3
9.3
11.3
497.6
China (rural) (excludes SARs and Taiwan Province)
1994
111.9
26.5
110.2
13.8
25.8
698.7
China (urban) (excludes SARs and Taiwan Province)
1994
119.4
57.6
125.0
10.1
5.9
594.7
France
1996
147.2
39.8
33.1
12.5
16.0
489.3
Greece
1997
124.6
68.8
84.0
19.9
3.0
516.9
Hong Kong (SAR of China)
1994
125.9
40.0
39.8
4.5
10.3
392.9
Indonesia
. .
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
Italy
1995
145.0
65.2
55.2
12.4
6.1
512.6
Japan
1997
125.4
30.0
56.7
8.3
14.4
405.6
Korea (Republic of)(c)
1995
123.1
14.6
90.9
36.2
9.8
585.8
Malaysia
. .
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
New Zealand
1996
157.1
127.3
48.1
14.2
14.2
569.2
Papua New Guinea
. .
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
Singapore
1997
148.4
116.6
61.0
9.4
10.8
550.3
Sweden
1996
122.6
110.1
45.2
4.9
11.8
484.2
United Kingdom
1997
151.7
122.0
51.8
6.0
6.4
564.3
United States of America
1997
143.4
106.5
34.8
15.3
10.5
577.7
Viet Nam
. .
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
(a) Standardised death rates are the overall death rates per 100,000 population that would have prevailed in a standard population if it had experienced at each age the death rates of the population being studied. The standard population used in this table is the World Health Organisation world standard population. Standardised death rates for Australia presented in the Health chapter of this publication or elsewhere in ABS publications are not comparable owing to the use of a different standard population and different reference periods.
(b) It is generally acknowledged that suicides are under-reported as a cause of death. The degree of under-reporting varies from country to country, partly for social and cultural reasons, but also because of differences in legal requirements and administrative procedures in arriving at a verdict of suicide.
(c) Causes of death have been coded to the tenth edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). For all other countries, causes of death have been coded to the ninth edition (ICD-9).

Source: World Health Organisation 1997-1999 World Health Statistics Annual <URL:http://www.who.int/whosis >, (accessed 12 April 2002); World Health Organisation World Health Statistics Annual 1996; World Health Organisation World Health Statistics Annual 1995.

HEALTH SERVICES AND EXPENDITURE
Country
Reference year
Health expenditure as % of GDP
Health expenditure per capita at PPP(a)
Reference year
Doctors per 1,000
population
Reference
year
Acute hospital beds per 1,000 population
%
$US '000
no.
no.
Australia
1998
r8.6
r2.1
1998
2.5
1999
3.8
Canada
2000
9.2
2.6
1999
2.1
1998
3.2
China (excludes SARs and Taiwan Province)
. .
n.a.
n.a.
. .
n.a.
. .
n.a.
France
1999
r9.3
2.1
1998
3.0
1998
4.3
Greece
1998
r8.4
1.2
1997
4.1
1997
4.0
Hong Kong (SAR of China)
. .
n.a.
n.a.
. .
n.a.
. .
n.a.
Indonesia
. .
n.a.
n.a.
. .
n.a.
. .
n.a.
Italy
1999
r7.9
1.8
1999
5.9
1998
4.9
Japan
1998
r7.5
1.8
1998
1.9
. .
n.a.
Korea (Republic of)
1999
5.4
0.9
1999
1.3
1999
4.9
Malaysia
. .
n.a.
n.a.
. .
n.a.
. .
n.a.
New Zealand
1999
8.1
1.5
2000
2.2
1991
7.0
Papua New Guinea
. .
n.a.
n.a.
. .
n.a.
. .
n.a.
Singapore
. .
n.a.
n.a.
. .
n.a.
. .
n.a.
Sweden
1998
r7.9
r1.7
2000
3.1
1999
2.5
United Kingdom
1999
r6.9
1.6
1999
1.8
1998
2.4
United States of America
1999
r12.9
4.4
1998
2.7
1999
3.0
Viet Nam
. .
n.a.
n.a.
. .
n.a.
. .
n.a.
(a) PPP (purchasing power parities) are the rates of currency conversion which eliminate the differences in price levels between countries.

Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 2001. OECD Health Data 2001: A comparative analysis of 30 countries [CD-ROM], OECD, Paris



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