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International merchandise trade statistics cover all movable goods which add to (imports) or subtract from (exports) Australia's stock of material resources. The statistics are compiled from information submitted by importers and exporters to the Australian Customs Service. Some goods are excluded for conceptual or practical reasons, for example, those goods temporarily brought to Australia for subsequent forwarding to foreign destinations, and low-value imports and exports in the parcel post system.
The data about merchandise exports and imports are used in the compilation of the balance of payments. However, various adjustments relating to coverage, timing, classification and valuation are necessary to put international merchandise trade statistics on a balance of payments basis. Consequently, the merchandise exports and imports statistics, and the excess of exports(+) or imports (-), shown in this section differ from those shown in the International accounts section earlier in International accounts and trade.
Conceptual framework
Australia's international merchandise trade statistics are compiled in broad agreement with the UN recommendations for the compilation of international merchandise trade statistics. More information on the concepts, sources and methods used is included in International Merchandise Trade, Australia: Concepts, Sources and Methods (5489.0).
The UN recommendations state that merchandise trade covers all movable goods which add to (imports) or subtract from (exports) the stock of material resources of a country as a result of their movement into or out of the country.
The UN definition excludes:
- direct transit trade, that is, goods being transhipped or moved through Australia for purposes of transport only
- ships and aircraft moving through Australia while engaged in the transport of passengers or goods between Australia and other countries
- non-merchandise trade, consisting primarily of goods moving on a temporary basis (e.g. mobile equipment, goods under repair and goods for exhibition).
International merchandise trade statistics are compiled by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) from information submitted by exporters and importers or their agents to the Australian Customs Service.
Classification
International merchandise trade is classified by commodity, by country of origin/destination, by Australian state of production/destination, and by industry of origin.
The international standard for the classification of internationally traded goods by commodity is the Harmonized System, a World Customs Organization classification which groups goods according to their component materials, from raw materials through to processed and manufactured products.
The ABS adopts this as the basis for exports classification using the Australian Harmonised Export Commodity Classification and for imports classification using the Combined Australian Customs Tariff Nomenclature and Statistical Classification (Customs Tariff).
The ABS also classifies export and import statistics according to:
- the UN Standard International Trade Classification (SITC Rev. 3) which groups goods according to the degree of processing they have undergone, from food and crude raw materials through to highly transformed manufactures
- the UN Classification by Broad Economic Categories (BEC) which classifies international trade for the purposes of general economic analysis according to the main end use of the commodities traded.
Commodity statistics in this section are presented according to SITC Rev. 3.
Valuation
For exports, the point of valuation adopted is free-on-board (f.o.b.) at the Australian port of shipment, while the basis of valuation is 'transactions value', that is, the actual price at which the goods are sold.
For imports, the point of valuation is the point of containerisation (in most cases), or f.o.b. at the customs frontier of the exporting country or the port of loading, whichever comes first. The basis of valuation is the customs value. For transactions between independent buyers and sellers, this will generally be the price actually payable. Where traders are not independent (e.g. if they are related or affiliated in some way), an appropriate customs value may be determined.
Total merchandise exports and imports
Australia's international merchandise trade balance in 2002-03 was a record deficit of $17.7b. This followed two successive years of surpluses in 2000-01 and 2001-02. The previous highest deficit was $12.8b in 1999-2000. In 2002-03, there was a substantial fall in exports (down 5% to $115.4b) as well as a sharp rise in imports (up 11% to $133.1b). Table 30.15 and graph 30.16 show the period since 1997-98.
30.15 TOTAL MERCHANDISE EXPORTS AND IMPORTS
|
 | Exports | Imports | Merchandise trade balance(a) |
| $m | $m | $m |
|
| 1997-98 | 87,768 | 90,684 | -2,916 |
| 1998-99 | 85,991 | 97,611 | -11,620 |
| 1999-2000 | 97,286 | 110,078 | -12,792 |
| 2000-01 | 119,539 | 118,317 | 1,222 |
| 2001-02 | 121,108 | 119,649 | 1,459 |
| 2002-03 | 115,442 | 133,131 | -17,689 |
|
| (a) A negative sign indicates that merchandise imports exceed merchandise exports. |
| | | |
| Source: International Trade in Goods and Services, Australia (5368.0). |
Merchandise exports and imports by commodity
In 2002-03 exports decreased by $5.7b (5%) to $115.4b. The SITC sections with the largest decreases were:
- Food and live animals, down $4,007m (18%)
- Mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials, down $1,323m (5%)
- Crude materials, inedible, except fuels, down $1,019m (5%)
- Manufactured goods classified chiefly by material, down $974m (7%)
- Machinery and transport equipment, down $632m (4%)
These decreases were partly offset by increases in:
- Commodities and transactions not classified elsewhere, up $2,176m (20%)
- Beverages and tobacco, up $363m (15%).
In 2002-03 imports increased by $13.5b (11%) to $133.1b. Imports of goods in all SITC sections increased. The largest increases were:
- Machinery and transport equipment, up $6,986m (13%)
- Mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials, up $1,568m (17%)
- Miscellaneous manufactured articles, up $1,300m (7%)
- Manufactured goods classified chiefly by material, up $1,254m (8%)
- Commodities and transactions not classified elsewhere, up $1,019m (40%)
- Food and live animals, up $494m (11%)
- Chemicals and related products, up $390m (3%).
The value of merchandise exports and imports by commodity for 2001-02 and 2002-03, and their share of total merchandise trade for 2002-03, are shown in table 30.17.
30.17 MERCHANDISE EXPORTS AND IMPORTS, By commodity
|
| Exports | | Imports |
|
| |
|
| 2001-02 | 2002-03 | Share of total
for 2002-03 | | 2001-02 | 2002-03 | Share of total
for 2002-03 |
| Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) | $m | $m | % | | $m | $m | % |
|
| Food and live animals(a)(b) | 22,380 | 18,374 | 15.9 | | 4,613 | 5,107 | 3.8 |
| Beverages and tobacco | 2,360 | 2,723 | 2.4 | | 864 | 1,062 | 0.8 |
| Crude materials, inedible, except fuels(a)(b) | 22,448 | 21,429 | 18.6 | | 1,756 | 1,953 | 1.5 |
| Mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials(b) | 25,130 | 23,807 | 20.6 | | 9,030 | 10,598 | 8.0 |
| Animal and vegetable oils, fats and waxes(a) | 310 | 324 | 0.3 | | 289 | 364 | 0.3 |
| Chemical and related products, n.e.s.(a)(b) | 5,293 | 5,099 | 4.4 | | 14,635 | 15,025 | 11.3 |
| Manufactured goods classified chiefly by material(a)(b) | 13,572 | 12,597 | 10.9 | | 14,819 | 16,074 | 12.1 |
| Machinery and transport equipment(a)(b) | 14,160 | 13,528 | 11.7 | | 53,654 | 60,640 | 45.5 |
| Miscellaneous manufactured articles(a)(b) | 4,483 | 4,413 | 3.8 | | 17,416 | 18,716 | 14.1 |
| Commodities and transactions not classified elsewhere in the SITC(c)(d) | 10,973 | 13,148 | 11.4 | | 2,573 | 3,592 | 2.7 |
| Total | 121,108 | 115,442 | 100.0 | | 119,649 | 133,131 | 100.0 |
|
(a) Excludes export commodities subject to a confidentiality restriction.
(b) Excludes import commodities subject to a confidentiality restriction.
(c) Includes commodities subject to a confidentiality restriction.
(d) Includes small value export entries that cannot yet be allocated by commodity. |
| | | | | | | |
| Source: International Trade in Goods and Services, Australia (5368.0). |
Australia's most valuable commodity exports for 2002-03, and their principal markets, were:
Coal, $11.9b - 10% of total exports: Japan (42% of total coal exports), the Republic of (South) Korea (10%), India (9%), and Taiwan (6%).
Crude petroleum products, $5.9b - 5% of total exports: Singapore (31% of total crude petroleum product exports), the Republic of (South) Korea (21%), Japan (16%), and the United States of America (15%).
Non-monetary gold, $5.6b - 5% of total exports: the United Kingdom (38% of total non-monetary gold exports), the Republic of (South) Korea (17%) and Singapore (11%).
Iron ore, $5.3b - 5% of total exports: Japan (41% of total iron ore exports), China (32%), the Republic of (South) Korea (14%), and Taiwan (6%).
Between 2001-02 and 2002-03 the commodities that recorded the largest change in the value of exports were Wheat (down $1.5b or 33%) and Coal (down $1.5b or 11%). These decreases were partially offset by an increase in the value of exports of Non-monetary gold (up $455m or 9%) and Special commodities not classified according to kind, mainly gold re-exported after processing (up $648m or 29%).
Table 30.18 lists the highest value exports for 2001-02 and 2002-03, and their share of total merchandise export's for 2002-03.
30.18 MERCHANDISE EXPORTS OF MAJOR COMMODITIES
|
| 2001-02 | 2002-03 | Share of total merchandise
exports 2002-03 |
| Commodity (SITC 3-digit code) | $m | $m | % |
|
| Coal, not agglomerated (321) | 13,403 | 11,946 | 10.3 |
| Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, crude (333) | 5,963 | 5,881 | 5.1 |
| Gold, non-monetary (excl. gold ores and concentrates) (971) | 5,129 | 5,584 | 4.8 |
| Iron ore and concentrates (281) | 5,160 | 5,328 | 4.6 |
| Aluminium (684) | 4,412 | 4,059 | 3.5 |
| Meat of bovine animals, fresh, chilled or frozen (011) | 4,333 | 3,906 | 3.4 |
| Aluminium ores and concentrates (incl. alumina) (285)(a) | 4,042 | 3,587 | 3.1 |
| Wool and other animal hair (incl. wool tops) (268)(a) | 3,397 | 3,299 | 2.9 |
| Wheat (incl. spelt) and meslin, unmilled (041) | 4,527 | 3,036 | 2.6 |
Motor vehicles principally designed for transport of persons
(excl. public-transport type, incl. racing cars) (781) | 2,996 | 2,797 | 2.4 |
| Natural gas (343) | 2,612 | 2,620 | 2.3 |
| Alcoholic beverages (112) | 2,264 | 2,574 | 2.2 |
| Petroleum oils, oils from bituminous minerals (not crude); preparations, with 70% or more by weight of these oils (334) | 2,358 | 2,441 | 2.1 |
| Medicaments (incl. veterinary medicaments) (542) | 1,926 | 1,725 | 1.5 |
| Meat and edible meat offal (excl. bovine), suitable or fit for human consumption, fresh, chilled or frozen (012) | 1,827 | 1,660 | 1.4 |
| Milk and cream and milk products (excl. butter and cheese) (022) | 1,821 | 1,345 | 1.2 |
| Copper (682) | 1,515 | 1,327 | 1.1 |
| Aircraft and associated equipment; spacecraft (incl. satellites and spacecraft launch vehicles; parts thereof) (792) | 1,321 | 1,269 | 1.1 |
| Ores and concentrates of base metal (excl. iron, copper, nickel, aluminium, uranium and thorium) (287)(a) | 1,387 | 1,216 | 1.1 |
| Live animals (excl. fish, crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates) (001) | 1,112 | 1,167 | 1.0 |
| Cotton (263) | 1,549 | 1,157 | 1.0 |
| Total of all other commodities(b) | 48,054 | 47,518 | 41.2 |
| Total | 121,108 | 115,442 | 100.0 |
|
(a) Excludes commodities subject to a confidentiality restriction.
(b) Includes commodities subject to a confidentiality restriction. |
| | | |
| Source: International Trade in Goods and Services, Australia (5368.0). |
Australia's most valuable commodity imports for 2002-03, and their principal sources, were:
Passenger motor vehicles, $10.3b - 8% of total imports: Japan (57% of total passenger motor vehicle imports), Germany (16%), and the United States of America, South Africa and the Republic of (South) Korea (each 4%).
Crude petroleum oils, $7.8b - 6% of total imports: Vietnam (27% of total crude petroleum imports), Indonesia (21%), Brunei Darussalam (9%), Malaysia, the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia (each 8%) and Papua New Guinea (7%).
Aircraft and parts, $5.5b - 4% of total imports: the United States of America (78% of total aircraft and parts) and France (19%).
Computing equipment, $4.9b - 4% of total imports: China (20% of total computing equipment imports), Malaysia, the United States of America and Singapore (each 14%) and Taiwan (11%).
Between 2001-02 and 2002-03 most major commodities recorded increases in the value of imports with the largest being Aircraft and parts (up $2.4b or 79%), Passenger motor vehicles (up $1.3b or 15%) and Crude petroleum oils (up $1.0b or 15%).
Table 30.19 lists the highest value imports for 2001-02 and 2002-03, and their share of total merchandise imports for 2002-03.
30.19 MERCHANDISE IMPORTS OF MAJOR COMMODITIES
|
| 2001-02 | 2002-03 | Share of total
merchandise
imports 2002-03 |
| Commodity (SITC 3-digit code) | $m | $m | % |
|
| Motor vehicles principally designed for transport of persons (excl. public-transport type, incl. racing cars) (781) | 8,955 | 10,283 | 7.7 |
| Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, crude (333) | 6,785 | 7,812 | 5.9 |
| Aircraft and associated equipment; spacecraft (incl. satellites and spacecraft launch vehicles; parts thereof) (792) | 3,060 | 5,481 | 4.1 |
| Automatic data processing machines & units thereof, magnetic, optical readers; data transcribers & processors (752) | 5,028 | 4,871 | 3.7 |
| Medicaments (incl. veterinary medicaments) (542) | 4,002 | 4,241 | 3.2 |
| Telecommunications equipment, nes; parts, and accessories of radio, television, video & similar apparatus, n.e.s. (764) | 4,507 | 4,239 | 3.2 |
| Gold, non-monetary (excl. gold ores and concentrates) (971) | 2,219 | 2,959 | 2.2 |
| Motor vehicles for the transport of goods and special purpose motor vehicles (782) | 2,545 | 2,888 | 2.2 |
| Petroleum oils, oils from bituminous minerals (not crude); preparations, with 70% or more by weight of these oils (334)(a) | 1,829 | 2,411 | 1.8 |
| Parts and accessories (excl. covers, cases and the like) for use with office & automatic data processing mach. (759) | 2,491 | 2,376 | 1.8 |
| Parts, nes and accessories of the motor vehicles of Groups 722, 781, 782 and 783 (784) | 2,217 | 2,311 | 1.7 |
| Paper and paperboard (641) | 1,868 | 2,076 | 1.6 |
| Electrical machinery and apparatus, n.e.s. (778) | 1,749 | 1,895 | 1.4 |
| Measuring, checking, analysing and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s. (874) | 1,914 | 1,879 | 1.4 |
| Baby carriages, toys, games and sporting goods (894) | 1,501 | 1,715 | 1.3 |
| Internal combustion piston engines, and parts thereof, n.e.s. (713) | 1,507 | 1,697 | 1.3 |
| Civil engineering and contractors' plant and equipment (723) | 1,248 | 1,541 | 1.2 |
| Heating and cooling equipment, and parts thereof, n.e.s. (741) | 1,269 | 1,521 | 1.1 |
| Furniture and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed furnishings (821) | 1,194 | 1,485 | 1.1 |
| Household type, electrical and non-electrical equipment, n.e.s. (775) | 1,230 | 1,459 | 1.1 |
| Pumps for gas (incl. air), compressors, fans; ventilating hoods; centrifuges; purifying apparatus; parts (743) | 1,111 | 1,372 | 1.0 |
| Articles, of plastics, n.e.s. (893) | 1,226 | 1,274 | 1.0 |
| Total of all other commodities(b) | 73,676 | 65,345 | 49.1 |
| Total | 119,649 | 133,131 | 100.0 |
|
(a) Excludes commodities subject to a confidentiality restriction.
(b) Includes commodities subject to a confidentiality restriction. |
| | | |
| Source: International Trade in Goods and Services, Australia (5368.0). |
Merchandise exports and imports by country
For exports, country refers to the country to which the goods were consigned at the time of export. For imports, country refers to the country of origin of the goods, that is, where the majority of processing of the goods takes place.
In 2002-03 Australia's merchandise trade balance declined by $19.1b from a surplus of $1.5b in 2001-02 to a deficit of $17.7b. The main trading partners contributing to this decline were:
- the United States of America - trade deficit increased by $2,647m, due to a $1,639m decrease in exports and a $1,007m increase in imports. Exports of most commodities decreased, particularly Meat and meat preparations (down $471m), Non-ferrous metals (down $289m), Transport equipment (excluding road vehicles) (down $259m) and Medicinal and pharmaceutical products (down $229m). The increase in imports was due almost solely to Aircraft and associated equipment and parts (up $1,589m).
- Japan - trade surplus decreased by $1,932m, due to a $1,058m decrease in exports and an $872m increase in imports. Exports of Coal, coke and briquettes decreased by $821m, while imports of Road vehicles increased by $695m.
- China - trade deficit increased by $1,540m, due to a $2,517m increase in imports, partly offset by a $977m increase in exports. Imports of most commodity groups increased, particularly Office and automatic data processing machines (up $374m) and Telecommunications and sound recording and reproducing equipment (up $326m). The largest increase in exports were Metalliferous ores and metal scrap (up $254m) and Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials (up $201m).
- France - trade deficit increased by $1,262m due to a $173m decrease in exports and a $1,090m increase in imports. Imports of Aircraft rose $941m.
- Italy - trade deficit increased by $1,043m due to a $304m decrease in exports and a $738m increase in imports.
These declines in the merchandise trade balance were partly offset by a $2,486m improvement in the trade balance with the United Kingdom. This was mainly due to a $2,036m increase in exports, particularly Non-monetary gold (up $946m) and Special transactions and commodities not classified according to kind (up $1,082m). The latter was predominantly gold re-exported after processing.
Graph 30.20 shows Australian merchandise exports and imports by value for Australia's top trading partners. Graph 30.21 shows the countries with which Australia has the highest net merchandise trade balance (surplus or deficit).
Table 30.22 shows total merchandise exports and imports for the last two financial years and the merchandise trade balance in 2002-03 for Australia's top trading partners. Statistics are also provided for the following country grouping:
- APEC - Brunei Darussalam, Canada, Chile, China, Hong Kong (SAR of China), Indonesia, Japan, Republic of (South) Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Russian Federation, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, United States of America and Vietnam. Peru, Russian Federation and Vietnam are included from 1998-99.
- ASEAN - Brunei Darussalam, Burma, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. Burma and Laos are included from July 1997. Cambodia is included from April 1999.
- EU - Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Republic of Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and United Kingdom.
- OECD - Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Republic of Ireland, Italy, Japan, Republic of (South) Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom and United States of America. Czech Republic and Hungary are included from January 1996 and Republic of (South) Korea and Poland are included from 1996-97.
 
30.22 MERCHANDISE EXPORTS AND IMPORTS, By country and country group(a)
|
| Exports | | Imports | | Balance of trade |
|
| |
| |
|
| 2001-02 | 2002-03 | | 2001-02 | 2002-03 | | 2002-03 |
| $m | $m | | $m | $m | | $m |
|
| Belgium-Luxembourg | 862 | 839 | | 876 | 1,153 | | -314 |
| Brazil | 457 | 412 | | 470 | 490 | | -78 |
| Canada | 1,900 | 1,816 | | 1,607 | 1,755 | | 61 |
| China (excl. SARs & Taiwan Prov.) | 7,816 | 8,793 | | 11,275 | 13,792 | | -4,999 |
| Denmark | 108 | 125 | | 671 | 770 | | -645 |
| Egypt(a) | 754 | 370 | | 20 | 20 | | 350 |
| Fiji | 529 | 543 | | 232 | 222 | | 321 |
| Finland | 392 | 441 | | 727 | 680 | | -239 |
| France | 1,343 | 1,171 | | 2,691 | 3,781 | | -2,610 |
| Germany | 1,349 | 1,579 | | 6,732 | 7,953 | | -6,374 |
| Hong Kong (SAR of China) | 3,996 | 3,215 | | 1,410 | 1,234 | | 1,981 |
| India | 2,524 | 2,577 | | 874 | 979 | | 1,598 |
| Indonesia | 3,194 | 2,908 | | 4,010 | 4,600 | | -1,692 |
| Iran | 785 | 413 | | 39 | 40 | | 373 |
| Iraq | 840 | 360 | | - | 37 | | 323 |
| Ireland | 307 | 183 | | 1,469 | 1,607 | | -1,424 |
| Israel | 291 | 194 | | 525 | 481 | | -287 |
| Italy | 2,165 | 1,861 | | 3,410 | 4,149 | | -2,288 |
| Japan | 22,796 | 21,738 | | 15,461 | 16,335 | | 5,403 |
| Korea, Republic of (South) | 9,818 | 9,116 | | 4,722 | 4,753 | | 4,363 |
| Kuwait | 518 | 518 | | 133 | 184 | | 334 |
| Malaysia | 2,519 | 2,147 | | 3,857 | 4,262 | | -2,115 |
| Mexico | 478 | 430 | | 521 | 572 | | -142 |
| Netherlands | 1,522 | 1,364 | | 1,094 | 1,283 | | 81 |
| New Zealand | 7,669 | 8,120 | | 4,740 | 5,019 | | 3,101 |
| Pakistan | 477 | 286 | | 200 | 192 | | 94 |
| Papua New Guinea | 1,013 | 949 | | 1,124 | 1,502 | | -553 |
| Philippines | 1,252 | 1,091 | | 623 | 815 | | 276 |
| Saudi Arabia | 2,598 | 1,990 | | 1,026 | 1,284 | | 706 |
| Singapore | 4,936 | 4,655 | | 3,972 | 4,370 | | 285 |
| South Africa | 1,341 | 1,313 | | 870 | 1,060 | | 253 |
| Spain | 792 | 668 | | 761 | 1,047 | | -379 |
| Sweden | 220 | 211 | | 1,625 | 1,810 | | -1,599 |
| Switzerland | 227 | 380 | | 1,302 | 1,230 | | -850 |
| Taiwan | 4,828 | 4,314 | | 3,132 | 3,401 | | 913 |
| Thailand | 2,291 | 2,479 | | 2,886 | 3,469 | | -990 |
| Turkey | 317 | 296 | | 186 | 223 | | 73 |
| United Arab Emirates | 1,245 | 1,233 | | 749 | 753 | | 480 |
| United Kingdom | 5,199 | 7,236 | | 6,219 | 5,770 | | 1,466 |
| United States of America | 12,008 | 10,369 | | 21,488 | 22,496 | | -12,127 |
| Vietnam | 497 | 472 | | 1,855 | 2,503 | | -2,031 |
| Others countries(b) | 6,935 | 6,266 | | 4,065 | 5,057 | | 1,209 |
| Total | 121,108 | 115,442 | | 119,649 | 133,131 | | -17,689 |
| APEC | 87,452 | 82,998 | | 83,816 | 92,247 | | -9,249 |
| ASEAN | 14,807 | 13,850 | | 17,634 | 20,722 | | -6,872 |
| EU | 14,486 | 15,841 | | 27,122 | 31,400 | | -15,559 |
| OECD | 69,882 | 68,323 | | 78,154 | 84,752 | | -16,429 |
|
(a) Exports of Alumina to Egypt are excluded from its country total and included in the 'Other Countries' category.
(b) Others include: all countries not displayed in table; Zone of Co-op A-Timor Gap; Destination or Origin Unknown; International Waters; No country details; Confidentialised alumina exports; and Ship and aircraft stores. |
| | | | | | | |
| Source: International Trade in Goods and Services, Australia (5368.0). |
Merchandise exports and imports by industry of origin
Table 30.23 shows Australia's merchandise trade statistics classified according to the Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification (ANZSIC). The statistics are compiled by allocating international trade data for a commodity to an ANZSIC industry of origin category, based upon the industry which predominantly produces that commodity in Australia as defined by the ANZSIC.
The majority of exports in 2002-03 were classified to Manufacturing, $65.8b (57% of total exports) and Mining, $31.2b (27% of total exports). Most ANZSIC subdivisions recorded decreases in 2002-03 with the largest being in Agriculture, down $2.1b (20%), Food, beverage and tobacco, down $1.8b (11%) and Coal mining, down $1.5b (11%).
The majority of imports were classified to Manufacturing, $123.0b (92% of total imports). There were increases in all ANZSIC subdivisions except Other mining during 2002-03, with the largest being in Machinery and equipment manufacturing, up $7.1b (12%), Metal products, up $1.5b (18%) and Petroleum, coal, chemical and associated product manufacturing, up $1.2b (6%).
30.23 MERCHANDISE EXPORTS AND IMPORTS, By industry of origin
|
| | Exports | | Imports |
| |
| |
|
| | 2000-01 | 2001-02 | 2002-03 | | 2000-01 | 2001-02 | 2002-03 |
| Industry of origin | $m | $m | $m | | $m | $m | $m |
|
| Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting | | | | | | | |
| Agriculture | 9,741 | 10,643 | 8,544 | | 606 | 575 | 870 |
| Services to agriculture; hunting and trapping | 2,107 | 1,710 | 1,249 | | 6 | 8 | 8 |
| Forestry and logging | 78 | 100 | 116 | | 6 | 6 | 7 |
| Commercial fishing | 885 | 972 | 929 | | 213 | 164 | 181 |
| Total | 12,811 | 13,425 | 10,838 | | 831 | 753 | 1,066 |
| Mining | | | | | | | |
| Coal mining | 10,833 | 13,407 | 11,949 | | 7 | 12 | 13 |
| Oil and gas extraction | 11,144 | 9,298 | 9,357 | | 8,421 | 6,904 | 7,890 |
| Metal ore mining | 9,667 | 9,541 | 9,686 | | 198 | 173 | 191 |
| Other mining | 268 | 261 | 255 | | 180 | 171 | 163 |
| Total | 31,912 | 32,507 | 31,248 | | 8,807 | 7,259 | 8,257 |
| Manufacturing | | | | | | | |
| Food, beverage and tobacco | 16,649 | 17,538 | 15,693 | | 5,090 | 5,387 | 5,959 |
| Textile, clothing, footwear and leather | 2,937 | 2,740 | 2,757 | | 7,389 | 7,420 | 7,842 |
| Wood and paper products | 1,635 | 1,783 | 1,882 | | 3,577 | 3,473 | 3,759 |
| Printing, publishing and recorded media | 546 | 577 | 586 | | 1,918 | 2,020 | 2,194 |
| Petroleum, coal, chemical and associated products | 8,868 | 8,182 | 8,021 | | 19,306 | 20,052 | 21,249 |
| Non-metallic mineral products | 379 | 332 | 325 | | 1,402 | 1,472 | 1,631 |
| Metal products | 21,038 | 20,301 | 19,502 | | 7,442 | 8,416 | 9,924 |
| Machinery and equipment | 16,191 | 16,714 | 15,812 | | 58,672 | 59,155 | 66,288 |
| Other manufacturing | 886 | 944 | 1,178 | | 3,536 | 3,767 | 4,198 |
| Total | 69,128 | 69,111 | 65,756 | | 108,331 | 111,162 | 123,045 |
| Other(a)(b) | 5,689 | 6,066 | 7,601 | | 349 | 475 | 763 |
| Total | 119,539 | 121,108 | 115,442 | | 118,317 | 119,649 | 133,131 |
|
(a) Includes exports which cannot yet be allocated by industry of origin.
(b) Includes commodities subject to a confidentiality restriction. |
| | | | | | | | |
| Source: ABS data available on request, International Trade |
International trade price indexes
The export price index for goods (all groups) decreased by 5% in 2002-03 (table 30.24). The largest decreases were in Miscellaneous manufactured articles, down 15%, Chemicals and related products, n.e.s., down 13% and Food and live animals, down 10%. The only increase was in Beverages and tobacco, up 1%.
Between 1997-98 and 2002-03 the all groups index increased by 13%. The major contributors were Mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials, up 39%, Beverages and tobacco, up 24% and Food and live animals, up 10%.
30.24 EXPORT PRICE INDEX(a), Index numbers based on SITC
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| Commodity (SITC) | 1997-98 | 1998-99 | 1999-2000 | 2000-01 | 2001-02 | 2002-03 |
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| Food and live animals | 99.6 | 96.6 | 95.7 | 109.6 | 118.9 | 109.3 |
| Beverages and tobacco | 120.2 | 128.3 | 131.5 | 137.8 | 142.8 | 143.8 |
| Crude materials, inedible, except fuels | 90.3 | 84.0 | 82.6 | 95.7 | 99.0 | 97.0 |
| Mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials | 121.8 | 119.7 | 127.1 | 162.7 | 164.7 | 160.9 |
| Chemicals and related products, n.e.s. | 96.0 | 96.2 | 102.5 | 119.9 | 113.0 | 100.4 |
| Manufactured goods classified chiefly by materials | 93.7 | 86.8 | 101.0 | 116.7 | 105.1 | 102.1 |
| Machinery and transport equipment | 95.9 | 97.7 | 98.8 | 104.1 | 105.6 | 100.6 |
| Miscellaneous manufactured articles | 108.2 | 111.7 | 112.5 | 118.4 | 119.2 | 104.5 |
| All groups | 98.9 | 95.7 | 98.0 | 114.8 | 116.7 | 111.7 |
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| (a) Reference year 1989-90 = 100.0. |
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| Source: International Trade Price Indexes, Australia (6457.0). |
The import price index for goods (all groups) decreased by 6% in 2002-03 (table 30.25), due largely to decreases in the import prices of Miscellaneous manufactured articles, down 11%, Machinery and transport equipment, down 10% and Chemicals and related products n.e.s., down 8%. These decreases were partly offset by large increases in Animal and vegetable oils, fats and waxes, up 19% and Mineral fuels, lubricants and other related materials, up 17%.
Between 1997-98 and 2002-03 the all groups index increased by 11%. The major contributor to this increase was Mineral fuels, lubricants and other related materials, up 82%.
30.25 IMPORT PRICE INDEX(a), Index numbers based on SITC
|
| Commodity (SITC) | 1997-98 | 1998-99 | 1999-2000 | 2000-01 | 2001-02 | 2002-03 |
|
| Food and live animals chiefly for food | 129.0 | 125.1 | 116.9 | 121.4 | 122.5 | 125.1 |
| Beverages and tobacco | 126.0 | 130.5 | 127.0 | 128.5 | 132.9 | 139.2 |
| Crude materials, inedible, except fuels | 119.1 | 119.8 | 124.9 | 139.9 | 124.9 | 123.1 |
| Mineral fuels, lubricants and other related materials | 93.4 | 84.9 | 135.4 | 188.0 | 158.4 | 174.9 |
| Animal and vegetable oils, fats and waxes | 156.4 | 178.2 | 138.5 | 122.6 | 122.1 | 141.0 |
| Chemicals and related products n.e.s. | 112.9 | 114.2 | 111.0 | 128.1 | 128.5 | 120.2 |
| Manufactured goods classified chiefly by material | 116.7 | 122.6 | 120.2 | 131.3 | 133.9 | 129.2 |
| Machinery and transport equipment | 115.5 | 121.9 | 119.4 | 129.7 | 128.2 | 118.7 |
| Miscellaneous manufactured articles | 120.3 | 127.9 | 126.1 | 140.0 | 143.0 | 132.1 |
| Commodities and transactions n.e.c. | 90.5 | 91.9 | 89.8 | 99.6 | 110.8 | 115.4 |
| All groups | 115.4 | 119.9 | 120.2 | 134.3 | 132.3 | 126.0 |
|
| (a) Reference year 1989-90 = 100.0. |
| | | | | | |
| Source: International Trade Price Indexes, Australia (6457.0). |
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