8112.0 - Research and Experimental Development, All Sector Summary, Australia, 2006-07

ARCHIVED ISSUE Released at 11:30 AM (CANBERRA TIME) 21/10/2008

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1 Expenditure on R&D, by sector - by industry(a) - 2006-07(b)

		Government
	BUSINESS	Commonwealth	State/territory	Total	HIGHER EDUCATION	PRIVATE NON-PROFIT	TOTAL
	$'000	$'000	$'000	$'000	$'000	$'000	$'000

Agriculture, forestry & fishing	117 611	-	-	-	-	-	117 611
Mining	2 540 723	-	-	-	-	-	2 540 723
Manufacturing	3 780 244	229	-	229	-	-	3 780 473
Electricity, gas, water & waste services	147 768	-	101	101	-	-	147 869
Construction	399 765	-	170	170	-	-	399 935
Wholesale trade	822 184	-	-	-	-	-	822 184
Retail trade	73 488	-	-	-	-	-	73 488
Accommodation & food services	np	-	-	-	-	-	np
Transport, postal & warehousing	117 350	-	-	-	-	-	117 350
Information media & telecommunications	787 311	1 281	72	1 353	-	-	788 664
Financial & insurance services	1 002 507	-	-	-	-	-	1 002 507
Rental, hiring & real estate services	34 822	-	-	-	-	-	34 822
Professional, scientific & technical services	2 012 209	1 324 084	147 749	1 471 833	-	541 587	4 025 629
Administrative & support services	70 301	2 530	-	2 530	-	-	72 831
Public administration & safety	np	561 994	571 078	1 133 072	-	-	np
Education & training	7 780	186	4 452	4 638	5 404 372	np	np
Health care & social assistance	41 054	1 017	293 532	294 549	-	50 219	385 822
Arts & recreation services	16 654	2 111	40 495	42 606	-	np	np
Other services	44 687	-	3 001	3 001	-	13 432	61 120
Total expenditure on R&D	12 035 515	1 893 432	1 060 650	2 954 082	5 404 372	606 337	21 000 306

- nil or rounded to zero (including null cells)
np not available for publication but included in totals where applicable, unless otherwise indicated
(a) Based on the 2006 edition of the Australian and New Zealand Industrial Classification (ANZSIC06).
(b) ANZSIC06 data are not available for the 2004-05 reference period.

2 Expenditure on R&D, by sector - by industry(a): proportions - 2006-07(b)

		Government
	BUSINESS	Commonwealth	State/territory	Total	HIGHER EDUCATION	PRIVATE NON-PROFIT	TOTAL
	%	%	%	%	%	%	%

Agriculture, forestry & fishing	1.0	-	-	-	-	-	0.6
Mining	21.1	-	-	-	-	-	12.1
Manufacturing	31.4	-	-	-	-	-	18.0
Electricity, gas, water & waste services	1.2	-	-	-	-	-	0.7
Construction	3.3	-	-	-	-	-	1.9
Wholesale trade	6.8	-	-	-	-	-	3.9
Retail trade	0.6	-	-	-	-	-	0.3
Accommodation & food services	np	-	-	-	-	-	np
Transport, postal & warehousing	1.0	-	-	-	-	-	0.6
Information media & telecommunications	6.5	0.1	-	-	-	-	3.8
Financial & insurance services	8.3	-	-	-	-	-	4.8
Rental, hiring & real estate services	0.3	-	-	-	-	-	0.2
Professional, scientific & technical services	16.7	69.9	13.9	49.8	-	89.3	19.2
Administrative & support services	0.6	0.1	-	0.1	-	-	0.3
Public administration & safety	np	29.7	53.8	38.4	-	-	np
Education & training	0.1	-	0.4	0.2	100.0	np	np
Health care & social assistance	0.3	0.1	27.7	10.0	-	8.3	1.8
Arts & recreation services	0.1	0.1	3.8	1.4	-	np	np
Other services	0.4	-	0.3	0.1	-	2.2	0.3
Total expenditure on R&D	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0

- nil or rounded to zero (including null cells)
np not available for publication but included in totals where applicable, unless otherwise indicated
(a) Based on the 2006 edition of the Australian and New Zealand Industrial Classification (ANZSIC06).
(b) ANZSIC06 data are not available for the 2004-05 reference period.

3 Expenditure on R&D, by sector - by type of expenditure

			Government
		BUSINESS	Commonwealth	State/territory	Total	HIGHER EDUCATION	PRIVATE NON-PROFIT	TOTAL
		$'000	$'000	$'000	$'000	$'000	$'000	$'000
2006-07(a)

Capital expenditure
	Land, buildings & other structures	106 151	59 970	63 323	123 293	171 461	30 699	431 603
	Other capital expenditure	685 542	123 700	38 586	162 286	187 801	43 420	1 079 049
	Total	791 693	183 670	101 909	285 579	359 262	74 119	1 510 653
Current expenditure
	Labour costs	4 224 939	1 015 273	538 322	1 553 595	2 132 155	308 724	8 219 414
	Other current expenditure	7 018 883	694 489	420 419	1 114 908	2 912 955	223 494	11 270 240
	Total	11 243 822	1 709 762	958 741	2 668 503	5 045 110	532 218	19 489 654
Total expenditure on R&D		12 035 515	1 893 432	1 060 650	2 954 082	5 404 372	606 337	21 000 306
2004-05(b)

Capital expenditure
	Land, buildings & other structures	99 724	43 914	27 483	71 397	89 925	9 783	270 829
	Other capital expenditure	451 178	64 614	28 075	92 689	182 870	28 295	755 033
	Total	550 902	108 528	55 558	164 086	272 795	38 078	1 025 862
Current expenditure
	Labour costs	3 441 573	919 601	524 006	1 443 607	1 801 683	238 550	6 925 413
	Other current expenditure	4 683 981	516 142	362 191	878 333	2 252 684	202 233	8 017 230
	Total	8 125 554	1 435 743	886 197	2 321 940	4 054 366	440 783	14 942 643
Total expenditure on R&D		8 676 456	1 544 271	941 755	2 486 026	4 327 162	478 861	15 968 505

(a) Changes to the Business survey scope were implemented since the 2004-05 reference period and may impact comparability of previous data.
(b) 2004-05 data have been revised. See the Revisions section of the Technical Note for details.

4 Expenditure on R&D, by sector - by type of expenditure: proportions

			Government
		BUSINESS	Commonwealth	State/territory	Total	HIGHER EDUCATION	PRIVATE NON-PROFIT	TOTAL
		%	%	%	%	%	%	%
2006-07(a)

Capital expenditure
	Land, buildings and other structures	0.9	3.2	6.0	4.2	3.2	5.1	2.1
	Other capital expenditure	5.7	6.5	3.6	5.5	3.5	7.2	5.1
	Total	6.6	9.7	9.6	9.7	6.6	12.2	7.2
Current expenditure
	Labour costs	35.1	53.6	50.8	52.6	39.5	50.9	39.1
	Other current expenditure	58.3	36.7	39.6	37.7	53.9	36.9	53.7
	Total	93.4	90.3	90.4	90.3	93.4	87.8	92.8
Total expenditure on R&D		100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
2004-05(b)

Capital expenditure
	Land, buildings and other structures	1.1	2.8	2.9	2.9	2.1	2.0	1.7
	Other capital expenditure	5.2	4.2	3.0	3.7	4.2	5.9	4.7
	Total	6.3	7.0	5.9	6.6	6.3	8.0	6.4
Current expenditure
	Labour costs	39.7	59.5	55.6	58.1	41.6	49.8	43.4
	Other current expenditure	54.0	33.4	38.5	35.3	52.1	42.2	50.2
	Total	93.7	93.0	94.1	93.4	93.7	92.0	93.6
Total expenditure on R&D		100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0

(a) Changes to the Business survey scope were implemented since the 2004-05 reference period and may impact comparability of previous data.
(b) 2004-05 data have been revised. See the Revisions section of the Technical Note for details.

5 Expenditure on R&D, by sector - by source of funds

			Government
		BUSINESS	Commonwealth	State/territory	Total	HIGHER EDUCATION	PRIVATE NON-PROFIT	TOTAL
		$'000	$'000	$'000	$'000	$'000	$'000	$'000
2006-07(a)

Source of funds
	Business	11 223 308	105 863	59 322	165 185	327 597	29 453	11 745 543
	Commonwealth government(b)	421 174	1 632 175	122 760	1 754 935	4 593 995	187 034	6 957 138
	State & local government	74 853	47 875	668 001	715 876	199 084	79 282	1 069 095
	Other Australian	48 083	71 058	190 070	261 128	126 991	247 362	683 563
	Overseas	268 097	36 461	20 497	56 958	156 706	63 206	544 967
Total expenditure on R&D		12 035 515	1 893 432	1 060 650	2 954 082	5 404 372	606 337	21 000 306
2004-05(c)

Source of funds
	Business	8 047 099	79 677	59 323	139 000	243 946	40 567	8 470 612
	Commonwealth government(b)	335 453	1 288 747	105 146	1 393 893	3 724 369	137 749	5 591 464
	State & local government	30 445	55 816	558 659	614 475	148 374	46 182	839 476
	Other Australian	57 992	82 674	192 893	275 567	82 421	193 109	609 089
	Overseas	205 466	37 357	25 734	63 091	128 053	61 254	457 864
Total expenditure on R&D		8 676 456	1 544 271	941 755	2 486 026	4 327 162	478 861	15 968 505

(a) Changes to the Business survey scope were implemented since the 2004-05 reference period and may impact comparability of previous data.
(b) For the Higher education sector, this includes General university funds which are mainly sourced from the Commonwealth government.
(c) 2004-05 data have been revised. See the Revisions section of the Technical Note for details.

6 Expenditure on R&D, by sector - by source of funds: proportions

			Government
		BUSINESS	Commonwealth	State/territory	Total	HIGHER EDUCATION	PRIVATE NON-PROFIT	TOTAL
		%	%	%	%	%	%	%
2006-07(a)

Source of funds
	Business	93.3	5.6	5.6	5.6	6.1	4.9	55.9
	Commonwealth government(b)	3.5	86.2	11.6	59.4	85.0	30.8	33.1
	State & local government	0.6	2.5	63.0	24.2	3.7	13.1	5.1
	Other Australian	0.4	3.8	17.9	8.8	2.3	40.8	3.3
	Overseas	2.2	1.9	1.9	1.9	2.9	10.4	2.6
Total expenditure on R&D		100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
2004-05(c)

Source of funds
	Business	92.7	5.2	6.3	5.6	5.6	8.5	53.0
	Commonwealth government(b)	3.9	83.5	11.2	56.1	86.1	28.8	35.0
	State & local government	0.4	3.6	59.3	24.7	3.4	9.6	5.3
	Other Australian	0.7	5.4	20.5	11.1	1.9	40.3	3.8
	Overseas	2.4	2.4	2.7	2.5	3.0	12.8	2.9
Total expenditure on R&D		100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0

(a) Changes to the Business survey scope were implemented since the 2004-05 reference period and may impact comparability of previous data.
(b) For the Higher education sector, this includes General university funds which are mainly sourced from the Commonwealth government.
(c) 2004-05 data have been revised. See the Revisions section of the Technical Note for details.

7 Expenditure on R&D, by sector - by location(a)

		Government
	BUSINESS	Commonwealth	State/territory	Total	HIGHER EDUCATION	PRIVATE NON-PROFIT	TOTAL
	$'000	$'000	$'000	$'000	$'000	$'000	$'000
2006-07(b)

New South Wales	3 812 707	357 476	316 772	674 248	1 538 737	196 153	6 221 845
Victoria	3 321 622	504 775	218 605	723 381	1 404 617	329 988	5 779 607
Queensland	1 639 889	188 319	221 547	409 866	919 294	32 627	3 001 676
South Australia	834 419	282 342	141 500	423 841	395 085	3 131	1 656 476
Western Australia	1 934 035	97 595	126 174	223 769	544 816	34 487	2 737 107
Tasmania	102 234	136 730	9 842	146 572	101 372	np	np
Northern Territory	108 616	18 360	20 033	38 393	41 873	np	np
Australian Capital Territory	94 178	306 654	3 653	310 307	458 578	np	np
Australian External Territories(c)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Overseas	187 815	1 181	2 525	3 706	-	5 891	197 412
Total expenditure on R&D	12 035 515	1 893 432	1 060 650	2 954 082	5 404 372	606 337	21 000 306
2004-05(d)

New South Wales	3 235 611	257 842	285 195	543 037	1 225 522	155 072	5 159 242
Victoria	2 418 126	404 402	190 955	595 357	1 062 312	271 987	4 347 782
Queensland	1 073 255	152 136	234 938	387 074	715 574	13 052	2 188 954
South Australia	542 508	243 268	104 552	347 821	325 383	2 146	1 217 858
Western Australia	1 089 096	83 717	100 974	184 691	441 761	28 449	1 743 996
Tasmania	78 746	115 428	3 564	118 992	83 673	199	281 610
Northern Territory	40 715	20 159	14 708	34 867	33 022	np	np
Australian Capital Territory	77 503	263 679	2 851	266 530	439 915	3 199	787 148
Australian External Territories(c)	-	40	-	40	-	-	40
Overseas	120 897	3 599	4 018	7 616	-	np	np
Total expenditure on R&D	8 676 456	1 544 271	941 755	2 486 026	4 327 162	478 861	15 968 505

- nil or rounded to zero (including null cells)
np not available for publication but included in totals where applicable, unless otherwise indicated
(a) See Explanatory Note 9 for details.
(b) Changes to the Business survey scope were implemented since the 2004-05 reference period and may impact comparability of previous data.
(c) Not separately collected from 2006-07. From 2006-07, data are included with the relevant mainland location.
(d) 2004-05 data have been revised. See the Revisions section of the Technical Note for details.

8 Expenditure on R&D, by sector - by location(a): proportions

		Government
	BUSINESS	Commonwealth	State/territory	Total	HIGHER EDUCATION	PRIVATE NON-PROFIT	TOTAL
	%	%	%	%	%	%	%
2006-07(b)

New South Wales	31.7	18.9	29.9	22.8	28.5	32.4	29.6
Victoria	27.6	26.7	20.6	24.5	26.0	54.4	27.5
Queensland	13.6	9.9	20.9	13.9	17.0	5.4	14.3
South Australia	6.9	14.9	13.3	14.3	7.3	0.5	7.9
Western Australia	16.1	5.2	11.9	7.6	10.1	5.7	13.0
Tasmania	0.8	7.2	0.9	5.0	1.9	np	np
Northern Territory	0.9	1.0	1.9	1.3	0.8	np	np
Australian Capital Territory	0.8	16.2	0.3	10.5	8.5	np	np
Australian External Territories(c)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Overseas	1.6	0.1	0.2	0.1	-	1.0	0.9
Total expenditure on R&D	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
2004-05(d)

New South Wales	37.3	16.7	30.3	21.8	28.3	32.4	32.3
Victoria	27.9	26.2	20.3	23.9	24.5	56.8	27.2
Queensland	12.4	9.9	24.9	15.6	16.5	2.7	13.7
South Australia	6.3	15.8	11.1	14.0	7.5	0.4	7.6
Western Australia	12.6	5.4	10.7	7.4	10.2	5.9	10.9
Tasmania	0.9	7.5	0.4	4.8	1.9	-	1.8
Northern Territory	0.5	1.3	1.6	1.4	0.8	np	np
Australian Capital Territory	0.9	17.1	0.3	10.7	10.2	0.7	4.9
Australian External Territories(c)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Overseas	1.4	0.2	0.4	0.3	-	np	np
Total expenditure on R&D	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0

- nil or rounded to zero (including null cells)
np not available for publication but included in totals where applicable, unless otherwise indicated
(a) See Explanatory Note 9 for details.
(b) Changes to the Business survey scope were implemented since the 2004-05 reference period and may impact comparability of previous data.
(c) Not separately collected from 2006-07. From 2006-07, data are included with the relevant mainland location.
(d) 2004-05 data have been revised. See the Revisions section of the Technical Note for details.

9 Expenditure on R&D, by sector - by type of activity

		Government
	BUSINESS	Commonwealth	State/territory	Total	HIGHER EDUCATION	PRIVATE NON-PROFIT	TOTAL
	$'000	$'000	$'000	$'000	$'000	$'000	$'000
2006-07(a)

Pure basic research	73 615	86 453	69 177	155 630	1 479 228	62 878	1 771 351
Strategic basic research	662 317	598 836	225 879	824 716	1 201 452	248 754	2 937 238
Applied research	3 932 934	1 042 084	633 868	1 675 952	2 337 550	230 286	8 176 723
Experimental development	7 366 649	166 059	131 726	297 785	386 144	64 419	8 114 996
Total expenditure on R&D	12 035 515	1 893 432	1 060 650	2 954 082	5 404 372	606 337	21 000 306
2004-05(b)

Pure basic research	58 933	60 584	52 523	113 107	1 223 984	46 570	1 442 595
Strategic basic research	319 525	486 639	186 543	673 182	991 189	186 331	2 170 227
Applied research	2 828 320	831 177	580 215	1 411 393	1 781 029	189 691	6 210 433
Experimental development	5 469 678	165 871	122 473	288 344	330 959	56 269	6 145 251
Total expenditure on R&D	8 676 456	1 544 271	941 755	2 486 026	4 327 162	478 861	15 968 505

(a) Changes to the Business survey scope were implemented since the 2004-05 reference period and may impact comparability of previous data.
(b) 2004-05 data have been revised. See the Revisions section of the Technical Note for details.

10 Expenditure on R&D, by sector - by type of activity: proportions

		Government
	BUSINESS	Commonwealth	State/territory	Total	HIGHER EDUCATION	PRIVATE NON-PROFIT	TOTAL
	%	%	%	%	%	%	%
2006-07(a)

Pure basic research	0.6	4.6	6.5	5.3	27.4	10.4	8.4
Strategic basic research	5.5	31.6	21.3	27.9	22.2	41.0	14.0
Applied research	32.7	55.0	59.8	56.7	43.3	38.0	38.9
Experimental development	61.2	8.8	12.4	10.1	7.1	10.6	38.6
Total expenditure on R&D	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
2004-05(b)

Pure basic research	0.7	3.9	5.6	4.5	28.3	9.7	9.0
Strategic basic research	3.7	31.5	19.8	27.1	22.9	38.9	13.6
Applied research	32.6	53.8	61.6	56.8	41.2	39.6	38.9
Experimental development	63.0	10.7	13.0	11.6	7.6	11.8	38.5
Total expenditure on R&D	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0

(a) Changes to the Business survey scope were implemented since the 2004-05 reference period and may impact comparability of previous data.
(b) 2004-05 data have been revised. See the Revisions section of the Technical Note for details.

11 Expenditure on R&D, by sector - by research field

		Government
	BUSINESS	Commonwealth	State/territory	Total	HIGHER EDUCATION	PRIVATE NON-PROFIT	TOTAL
	$'000	$'000	$'000	$'000	$'000	$'000	$'000
2006-07(a)

Mathematical sciences	47 658	33 811	8 689	42 501	124 191	443	214 793
Physical sciences	45 656	164 315	1 234	165 549	206 992	99	418 296
Chemical sciences	247 206	130 136	10 869	141 005	246 707	np	np
Earth sciences	170 143	180 883	21 096	201 978	151 824	-	523 945
Biological sciences	193 069	186 655	158 644	345 299	560 868	97 695	1 196 930
Information, computing & comm. sciences	3 165 927	180 029	31 553	211 582	238 637	929	3 617 075
Engineering & technology	6 865 394	481 824	11 619	493 443	594 271	1 866	7 954 974
Agricultural, veterinary & environ. sciences	428 309	349 199	500 684	849 883	381 282	2 230	1 661 704
Architecture, urban environment & building	45 213	5 772	1 642	7 414	39 466	-	92 093
Medical & health sciences	762 215	92 659	286 956	379 614	1 454 670	457 888	3 054 387
Education	11 404	2 644	4 284	6 928	182 862	np	np
Economics	11 360	34 295	5 894	40 189	134 756	255	186 559
Commerce, management, tourism & services	32 594	1 768	4 290	6 058	240 761	219	279 633
Policy & political science	np	783	598	1 381	82 501	1 584	np
Studies in human society	951	19 653	4 364	24 017	172 561	2 087	199 616
Behavioural & cognitive sciences	1 447	11 742	486	12 228	174 210	3 353	191 238
Law, justice & law enforcement	2 150	11 827	3 854	15 681	92 626	np	np
Journalism, librarianship & curatorial studies	np	948	-	948	28 339	-	np
The arts	3 952	489	1 570	2 059	85 193	np	np
Language & culture	np	66	231	296	89 133	np	89 505
History & archaeology	np	2 098	2 093	4 191	84 487	-	np
Philosophy & religion	-	1 839	-	1 839	38 034	206	40 079
Total expenditure on R&D	12 035 515	1 893 432	1 060 650	2 954 082	5 404 372	606 337	21 000 306
2004-05(b)

Mathematical sciences	14 002	28 769	9 301	38 070	91 205	np	np
Physical sciences	39 405	127 307	231	127 537	152 472	-	319 414
Chemical sciences	207 403	98 685	13 305	111 991	189 929	np	np
Earth sciences	126 403	153 614	22 695	176 309	128 772	np	np
Biological sciences	183 794	166 541	129 847	296 387	455 440	92 230	1 027 852
Information, computing & comm. sciences	2 283 430	131 409	11 070	142 479	207 664	1 730	2 635 302
Engineering & technology	4 974 790	400 228	16 408	416 636	480 543	np	np
Agricultural, veterinary & environ. sciences	244 290	293 620	480 118	773 738	292 428	np	np
Architecture, urban environment & building	22 648	2 693	1 816	4 509	32 997	-	60 154
Medical & health sciences	536 604	62 004	225 734	287 738	1 092 512	346 063	2 262 917
Education	6 785	865	3 598	4 463	152 039	np	np
Economics	5 915	37 045	10 401	47 446	104 712	np	np
Commerce, management, tourism & services	23 415	3 600	2 948	6 548	195 048	103	225 113
Policy & political science	np	103	425	528	77 873	np	79 238
Studies in human society	823	15 108	5 077	20 185	145 786	2 096	168 890
Behavioural & cognitive sciences	862	7 422	1 132	8 553	151 518	1 516	162 449
Law, justice & law enforcement	np	11 743	6 038	17 782	85 675	-	np
Journalism, librarianship & curatorial studies	np	1 047	559	1 606	17 769	-	np
The arts	5 190	185	559	744	88 982	-	94 916
Language & culture	41	291	-	291	83 894	-	84 227
History & archaeology	np	959	494	1 453	69 298	22	np
Philosophy & religion	np	1 032	-	1 032	30 608	240	np
Total expenditure on R&D	8 676 456	1 544 271	941 755	2 486 026	4 327 162	478 861	15 968 505

- nil or rounded to zero (including null cells)
np not available for publication but included in totals where applicable, unless otherwise indicated
(a) Changes to the Business survey scope were implemented since the 2004-05 reference period and may impact comparability of previous data.
(b) 2004-05 data have been revised. See the Revisions section of the Technical Note for details.

12 Expenditure on R&D, by sector - by research field: proportions

		Government
	BUSINESS	Commonwealth	State/territory	Total	HIGHER EDUCATION	PRIVATE NON-PROFIT	TOTAL
	%	%	%	%	%	%	%
2006-07(a)

Mathematical sciences	0.4	1.8	0.8	1.4	2.3	0.1	1.0
Physical sciences	0.4	8.7	0.1	5.6	3.8	-	2.0
Chemical sciences	2.1	6.9	1.0	4.8	4.6	np	np
Earth sciences	1.4	9.6	2.0	6.8	2.8	-	2.5
Biological sciences	1.6	9.9	15.0	11.7	10.4	16.1	5.7
Information, computing & comm. sciences	26.3	9.5	3.0	7.2	4.4	0.2	17.2
Engineering & technology	57.0	25.4	1.1	16.7	11.0	0.3	37.9
Agricultural, veterinary & environ. sciences	3.6	18.4	47.2	28.8	7.1	0.4	7.9
Architecture, urban environment & building	0.4	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.7	-	0.4
Medical & health sciences	6.3	4.9	27.1	12.9	26.9	75.5	14.5
Education	0.1	0.1	0.4	0.2	3.4	np	np
Economics	0.1	1.8	0.6	1.4	2.5	-	0.9
Commerce, management, tourism & services	0.3	0.1	0.4	0.2	4.5	-	1.3
Policy & political science	np	-	0.1	-	1.5	0.3	np
Studies in human society	-	1.0	0.4	0.8	3.2	0.3	1.0
Behavioural & cognitive sciences	-	0.6	-	0.4	3.2	0.6	0.9
Law, justice & law enforcement	-	0.6	0.4	0.5	1.7	np	np
Journalism, librarianship & curatorial studies	np	0.1	-	-	0.5	-	np
The arts	-	-	0.1	0.1	1.6	np	np
Language & culture	np	-	-	-	1.6	np	0.4
History & archaeology	np	0.1	0.2	0.1	1.6	-	np
Philosophy & religion	-	0.1	-	0.1	0.7	-	0.2
Total expenditure on R&D	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
2004-05(b)

Mathematical sciences	0.2	1.9	1.0	1.5	2.1	np	np
Physical sciences	0.5	8.2	-	5.1	3.5	-	2.0
Chemical sciences	2.4	6.4	1.4	4.5	4.4	np	np
Earth sciences	1.5	9.9	2.4	7.1	3.0	np	np
Biological sciences	2.1	10.8	13.8	11.9	10.5	19.3	6.4
Information, computing & comm. sciences	26.3	8.5	1.2	5.7	4.8	0.4	16.5
Engineering & technology	57.3	25.9	1.7	16.8	11.1	np	np
Agricultural, veterinary & environ. sciences	2.8	19.0	51.0	31.1	6.8	np	np
Architecture, urban environment & building	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.8	-	0.4
Medical & health sciences	6.2	4.0	24.0	11.6	25.2	72.3	14.2
Education	0.1	0.1	0.4	0.2	3.5	np	np
Economics	0.1	2.4	1.1	1.9	2.4	np	np
Commerce, management, tourism & services	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3	4.5	-	1.4
Policy & political science	np	-	-	-	1.8	np	0.5
Studies in human society	-	1.0	0.5	0.8	3.4	0.4	1.1
Behavioural & cognitive sciences	-	0.5	0.1	0.3	3.5	0.3	1.0
Law, justice & law enforcement	np	0.8	0.6	0.7	2.0	-	np
Journalism, librarianship & curatorial studies	np	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.4	-	np
The arts	0.1	-	0.1	-	2.1	-	0.6
Language & culture	-	-	-	-	1.9	-	0.5
History & archaeology	np	0.1	0.1	0.1	1.6	-	np
Philosophy & religion	np	0.1	-	-	0.7	0.1	np
Total expenditure on R&D	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0

- nil or rounded to zero (including null cells)
np not available for publication but included in totals where applicable, unless otherwise indicated
(a) Changes to the Business survey scope were implemented since the 2004-05 reference period and may impact comparability of previous data.
(b) 2004-05 data have been revised. See the Revisions section of the Technical Note for details.

13 Expenditure on R&D, by sector - by socio-economic objective

			Government
		BUSINESS	Commonwealth	State/territory	Total	HIGHER EDUCATION	PRIVATE NON-PROFIT	TOTAL
		$'000	$'000	$'000	$'000	$'000	$'000	$'000
2006-07(a)

Defence		378 951	405 444	-	405 444	40 099	-	824 494
Economic development
	Plant prod. & plant primary products	146 444	133 943	237 701	371 644	179 139	-	697 227
	Animal prod. & animal primary products	106 896	70 587	201 092	271 679	107 725	-	486 300
	Mineral resources (excl. energy)	1 492 906	78 547	6 870	85 417	86 490	-	1 664 813
	Energy resources	1 353 874	43 564	2 256	45 821	69 342	-	1 469 037
	Energy supply	441 534	40 649	1 407	42 056	50 318	173	534 080
	Manufacturing	3 744 805	273 942	10 920	284 862	330 198	6 275	4 366 140
	Construction	487 753	29 908	4 012	33 920	80 642	np	np
	Transport	174 704	7 506	2 415	9 921	45 187	-	229 812
	Information & communication services	1 915 010	121 059	1 773	122 832	249 076	np	np
	Commercial services & tourism	1 181 210	8 023	525	8 548	98 900	np	np
	Economic framework	31 123	47 851	259	48 110	265 113	np	np
	Total	11 076 258	855 579	469 231	1 324 810	1 562 130	6 689	13 969 888
Society
	Health	401 977	68 127	355 510	423 637	1 663 046	558 558	3 047 217
	Education & training	21 399	8 059	5 427	13 486	245 579	np	np
	Social development & community services	39 379	65 101	34 837	99 939	539 993	np	np
	Total	462 754	141 288	395 774	537 062	2 448 618	594 944	4 043 378
Environment
	Environ. policy frameworks & other aspects	13 101	38 979	23 898	62 877	48 724	3 010	127 711
	Environmental management	98 196	385 328	157 749	543 078	358 995	np	np
	Total	111 297	424 308	181 647	605 955	407 718	np	np
Non-oriented research		6 255	66 814	13 998	80 812	945 806	np	np
Total expenditure on R&D		12 035 515	1 893 432	1 060 650	2 954 082	5 404 372	606 337	21 000 306
2004-05(b)

Defence		278 020	309 367	-	309 367	29 198	-	616 585
Economic development
	Plant prod. & plant primary products	108 243	131 366	206 154	337 520	145 983	np	np
	Animal prod. & animal primary products	58 590	100 895	186 855	287 750	87 926	-	434 266
	Mineral resources (excl. energy)	851 435	72 194	6 331	78 525	62 670	-	992 630
	Energy resources	642 576	38 369	6 526	44 895	41 883	-	729 354
	Energy supply	251 725	32 505	2 072	34 577	40 985	-	327 287
	Manufacturing	3 259 997	217 025	14 844	231 869	268 062	np	np
	Construction	365 076	41 872	4 012	45 884	68 122	-	479 083
	Transport	175 285	8 604	4 224	12 828	36 002	-	224 115
	Information & communication services	1 238 726	65 681	2 112	67 793	216 600	45	1 523 164
	Commercial services & tourism	1 018 704	6 464	1 199	7 663	72 762	np	np
	Economic framework	20 284	49 129	3 114	52 243	218 597	86	291 209
	Total	7 990 642	764 103	437 445	1 201 548	1 259 591	6 728	10 458 508
Society
	Health	281 971	61 265	278 553	339 818	1 208 160	444 439	2 274 387
	Education & training	14 224	1 296	3 761	5 056	196 837	np	np
	Social development & community services	39 946	41 737	21 612	63 349	466 425	np	np
	Total	336 140	104 297	303 926	408 223	1 871 422	469 896	3 085 681
Environment
	Environ. policy frameworks & other aspects	8 572	15 126	19 637	34 763	40 171	np	np
	Environmental management	57 891	313 681	165 803	479 484	260 623	np	np
	Total	66 463	328 806	185 440	514 247	300 795	2 237	883 742
Non-oriented research		5 191	37 697	14 944	52 641	866 156	-	923 989
Total expenditure on R&D		8 676 456	1 544 271	941 755	2 486 026	4 327 162	478 861	15 968 505

- nil or rounded to zero (including null cells)
np not available for publication but included in totals where applicable, unless otherwise indicated
(a) Changes to the Business survey scope were implemented since the 2004-05 reference period and may impact comparability of previous data.
(b) 2004-05 data have been revised. See the Revisions section of the Technical Note for details.

14 Expenditure on R&D, by sector - by socio-economic objective: proportions

			Government
		BUSINESS	Commonwealth	State/territory	Total	HIGHER EDUCATION	PRIVATE NON-PROFIT	TOTAL
		%	%	%	%	%	%	%
2006-07(a)

Defence		3.1	21.4	-	13.7	0.7	-	3.9
Economic development
	Plant prod. & plant primary products	1.2	7.1	22.4	12.6	3.3	-	3.3
	Animal prod. & animal primary products	0.9	3.7	19.0	9.2	2.0	-	2.3
	Mineral resources (excl. energy)	12.4	4.1	0.6	2.9	1.6	-	7.9
	Energy resources	11.2	2.3	0.2	1.6	1.3	-	7.0
	Energy supply	3.7	2.1	0.1	1.4	0.9	-	2.5
	Manufacturing	31.1	14.5	1.0	9.6	6.1	1.0	20.8
	Construction	4.1	1.6	0.4	1.1	1.5	np	np
	Transport	1.5	0.4	0.2	0.3	0.8	-	1.1
	Information & communication services	15.9	6.4	0.2	4.2	4.6	np	np
	Commercial services & tourism	9.8	0.4	-	0.3	1.8	np	np
	Economic framework	0.3	2.5	-	1.6	4.9	np	np
	Total	92.0	45.2	44.2	44.8	28.9	1.1	66.5
Society
	Health	3.3	3.6	33.5	14.3	30.8	92.1	14.5
	Education & training	0.2	0.4	0.5	0.5	4.5	np	np
	Social development & community services	0.3	3.4	3.3	3.4	10.0	np	np
	Total	3.8	7.5	37.3	18.2	45.3	98.1	19.3
Environment
	Environ. policy frameworks & other aspects	0.1	2.1	2.3	2.1	0.9	0.5	0.6
	Environmental management	0.8	20.4	14.9	18.4	6.6	np	np
	Total	0.9	22.4	17.1	20.5	7.5	np	np
Non-oriented research		0.1	3.5	1.3	2.7	17.5	np	np
Total expenditure on R&D		100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
2004-05(b)

Defence		3.2	20.0	-	12.4	0.7	-	3.9
Economic development
	Plant prod. & plant primary products	1.2	8.5	21.9	13.6	3.4	np	np
	Animal prod. & animal primary products	0.7	6.5	19.8	11.6	2.0	-	2.7
	Mineral resources (excl. energy)	9.8	4.7	0.7	3.2	1.4	-	6.2
	Energy resources	7.4	2.5	0.7	1.8	1.0	-	4.6
	Energy supply	2.9	2.1	0.2	1.4	0.9	-	2.0
	Manufacturing	37.6	14.1	1.6	9.3	6.2	np	np
	Construction	4.2	2.7	0.4	1.8	1.6	-	3.0
	Transport	2.0	0.6	0.4	0.5	0.8	-	1.4
	Information & communication services	14.3	4.3	0.2	2.7	5.0	-	9.5
	Commercial services & tourism	11.7	0.4	0.1	0.3	1.7	np	np
	Economic framework	0.2	3.2	0.3	2.1	5.1	-	1.8
	Total	92.1	49.5	46.4	48.3	29.1	1.4	65.5
Society
	Health	3.2	4.0	29.6	13.7	27.9	92.8	14.2
	Education & training	0.2	0.1	0.4	0.2	4.5	np	np
	Social development & community services	0.5	2.7	2.3	2.5	10.8	np	np
	Total	3.9	6.8	32.3	16.4	43.2	98.1	19.3
Environment
	Environ. policy frameworks & other aspects	0.1	1.0	2.1	1.4	0.9	np	np
	Environmental management	0.7	20.3	17.6	19.3	6.0	np	np
	Total	0.8	21.3	19.7	20.7	7.0	0.5	5.5
Non-oriented research		0.1	2.4	1.6	2.1	20.0	-	5.8
Total expenditure on R&D		100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0

- nil or rounded to zero (including null cells)
np not available for publication but included in totals where applicable, unless otherwise indicated
(a) Changes to the Business survey scope were implemented since the 2004-05 reference period and may impact comparability of previous data.
(b) 2004-05 data have been revised. See the Revisions section of the Technical Note for details.

15 Human resources devoted to R&D, by sector - by industry(a) - 2006-07(b)

		GOVERNMENT
	BUSINESS	Commonwealth	State/territory	Total	HIGHER EDUCATION	PRIVATE NON-PROFIT	TOTAL
	PYE	PYE	PYE	PYE	PYE	PYE	PYE

Agriculture, forestry & fishing	611	-	-	-	-	-	611
Mining	2 861	-	-	-	-	-	2 861
Manufacturing	17 765	3	-	3	-	-	17 768
Electricity, gas, water & waste services	523	-	-	-	-	-	523
Construction	970	-	1	1	-	-	971
Wholesale trade	3 524	-	-	-	-	-	3 524
Retail trade	490	-	-	-	-	-	490
Accommodation & food services	np	-	-	-	-	-	np
Transport, postal & warehousing	500	-	-	-	-	-	500
Information media & telecommunications	1 819	6	-	6	-	-	1 825
Financial & insurance services	2 462	-	-	-	-	-	2 462
Rental, hiring & real estate services	171	-	-	-	-	-	171
Professional, scientific & technical services	13 144	6 174	911	7 086	-	3 924	24 153
Administrative & support services	379	16	-	16	-	-	395
Public administration & safety	np	2 885	3 874	6 759	-	-	np
Education & training	106	2	20	22	58 810	np	np
Health care & social assistance	272	-	2 160	2 161	-	545	2 977
Arts & recreation services	78	24	233	257	-	np	np
Other services	272	-	28	28	-	112	412
Total human resources devoted to R&D	46 027	9 110	7 228	16 338	58 810	4 596	125 771

- nil or rounded to zero (including null cells)
np not available for publication but included in totals where applicable, unless otherwise indicated
(a) Based on the 2006 edition of the Australian and New Zealand Industrial Classification (ANZSIC06).
(b) ANZSIC06 data are not available for the 2004-05 reference period.

16 Human resources devoted to R&D, by sector - by industry(a): proportions - 2006-07(b)

		Government
	BUSINESS	Commonwealth	State/territory	Total	HIGHER EDUCATION	PRIVATE NON-PROFIT	TOTAL
	%	%	%	%	%	%	%

Agriculture, forestry & fishing	1.3	-	-	-	-	-	0.5
Mining	6.2	-	-	-	-	-	2.3
Manufacturing	38.6	-	-	-	-	-	14.1
Electricity, gas, water & waste services	1.1	-	-	-	-	-	0.4
Construction	2.1	-	-	-	-	-	0.8
Wholesale trade	7.7	-	-	-	-	-	2.8
Retail trade	1.1	-	-	-	-	-	0.4
Accommodation & food services	np	-	-	-	-	-	np
Transport, postal & warehousing	1.1	-	-	-	-	-	0.4
Information media & telecommunications	4.0	0.1	-	-	-	-	1.5
Financial & insurance services	5.3	-	-	-	-	-	2.0
Rental, hiring & real estate services	0.4	-	-	-	-	-	0.1
Professional, scientific & technical services	28.6	67.8	12.6	43.4	-	85.4	19.2
Administrative & support services	0.8	0.2	-	0.1	-	-	0.3
Public administration & safety	np	31.7	53.6	41.4	-	-	np
Education & training	0.2	-	0.3	0.1	100.0	np	np
Health care & social assistance	0.6	-	29.9	13.2	-	11.9	2.4
Arts & recreation services	0.2	0.3	3.2	1.6	-	np	np
Other services	0.6	-	0.4	0.2	-	2.4	0.3
Total human resources devoted to R&D	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0

- nil or rounded to zero (including null cells)
np not available for publication but included in totals where applicable, unless otherwise indicated
(a) Based on the 2006 edition of the Australian and New Zealand Industrial Classification (ANZSIC06).
(b) ANZSIC06 data are not available for the 2004-05 reference period.

17 Human resources devoted to R&D, by sector - by type of resource

		Government
	BUSINESS	Commonwealth	State/territory	Total	HIGHER EDUCATION	PRIVATE NON-PROFIT	TOTAL
	PYE	PYE	PYE	PYE	PYE	PYE	PYE
2006-07(a)

Researchers(b)	24 849	4 550	3 938	8 487	50 933	3 000	87 269
Technicians(c)	14 575	2 742	2 206	4 947	-	957	20 479
Other staff	6 603	1 819	1 085	2 904	7 877	639	18 022
Total human resources devoted to R&D	46 027	9 110	7 228	16 338	58 810	4 596	125 771
2004-05(d)

Researchers(b)	22 773	4 262	4 173	8 435	47 417	2 567	81 191
Technicians(c)	11 871	2 792	2 176	4 968	-	762	17 600
Other staff	5 814	2 314	970	3 285	7 787	516	17 402
Total human resources devoted to R&D	40 458	9 368	7 320	16 687	55 204	3 845	116 194

- nil or rounded to zero (including null cells)
(a) Changes to the Business survey scope were implemented since the 2004-05 reference period and may impact comparability of previous data.
(b) For the Higher education sector, Researchers include Academics and Postgraduate students.
(c) For the Higher education sector, Technicians are not separately identified and are included in Other staff.
(d) 2004-05 data have been revised. See the Revisions section of the Technical Note for details.

18 Human resources devoted to R&D, by sector - by type of resource: proportions

		Government
	BUSINESS	Commonwealth	State/territory	Total	HIGHER EDUCATION	PRIVATE NON-PROFIT	TOTAL
	%	%	%	%	%	%	%
2006-07(a)

Researchers(b)	54.0	49.9	54.5	51.9	86.6	65.3	69.4
Technicians(c)	31.7	30.1	30.5	30.3	-	20.8	16.3
Other staff	14.3	20.0	15.0	17.8	13.4	13.9	14.3
Total human resources devoted to R&D	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
2004-05(d)

Researchers(b)	56.3	45.5	57.0	50.5	85.9	66.8	69.9
Technicians(c)	29.3	29.8	29.7	29.8	-	19.8	15.1
Other staff	14.4	24.7	13.3	19.7	14.1	13.4	15.0
Total human resources devoted to R&D	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0

- nil or rounded to zero (including null cells)
(a) Changes to the Business survey scope were implemented since the 2004-05 reference period and may impact comparability of previous data.
(b) For the Higher education sector, Researchers include Academics and Postgraduate students.
(c) For the Higher education sector, Technicians are not separately identified and are included in Other staff.
(d) 2004-05 data have been revised. See the Revisions section of the Technical Note for details.