AUSTRALIA


TOTAL POPULATION

At 30 June 2015, Australia's estimated resident population (ERP) was 23.78 million, an increase of 1.75 million people (7.9%) in the five years since 30 June 2010.

In 2015, just under one third (32%) of Australia's population resided in New South Wales, while a quarter (25%) lived in Victoria.

The population grew in each of Australia's states and territories between 2010 and 2015, with the largest increases in the country's three most populous states. Victoria had the greatest growth (up by 476,400 people), followed by New South Wales (473,400) and Queensland (374,100). Western Australia had the fastest growth, increasing by 13%, followed by Victoria (8.7%), Queensland (8.5%) and the Australian Capital Territory (8.0%). Tasmania had both the smallest and slowest growth, increasing by 7,700 people or 1.5%.

In 2015, just over one fifth of Australia's population lived within Greater Sydney, while just under one fifth lived in Greater Melbourne. Greater Melbourne had the largest population growth of any capital city between 2010 and 2015, gaining 423,600 people. Greater Perth grew by 14%, which was the fastest growth of all capital cities in Australia. Greater Hobart experienced both the smallest (6,300 people) and slowest (2.9%) growth.



AGE AND SEX DISTRIBUTION

The following graph (known as a 'population pyramid') compares the age/sex structure of the population residing in greater capital cities with the population residing in the rest of Australia. Each dark bar illustrates the percentage contribution of a sex and five-year age group to the total population of capital cities, while each light bar illustrates the percentage contribution to the rest of Australia's population. For example, the graph shows that in June 2015, males aged 0 to 4 years made up 3.4% of the population of the combined capital cities compared with 3.2% of the rest of Australia.

A distinctive feature in the age distribution of Australia at June 2015 was the higher representation of people aged 20 to 44 years residing in capital cities. People in this age group represented 38% of the combined capital city population, compared with 30% of the population in the rest of Australia. This reflects the attraction of younger adults to education, employment and other opportunities in capital cities. In contrast, older adults aged 45 years and over made up a smaller proportion of the population in capital cities (37%) than in the rest of Australia (44%).

The population pyramid also highlights differences between the sexes. For June 2015, the most notable feature was the higher proportions of females than males in the older age groups. This was evident in both capital cities and in the rest of Australia. The difference was most marked among the population aged 85 years and over, and is attributable to the longer life expectancy of female Australians.

In 2015, 15.87 million people (two thirds of the population) resided in greater capital cities and 7.91 million (one third) resided in the rest of Australia. There were more females (8.00 million) than males (7.87 million) living in capital cities, while slightly more males (3.96 million) than females (3.95 million) resided in the rest of the country.

Almost three quarters (73%) of people aged 25 to 29 years resided in Australia's capital cities, the highest proportion of any five-year age group. Conversely, the 70 to 74 year age group had the lowest proportion living in Australia's capital cities (60%).

MEDIAN AGE

At June 2015, the median age of the Australian population (the age at which half the population is older and half is younger) was 37.4 years, up from 37.0 years at June 2010. The median age of males at June 2015 was 36.5 years while the median age of females was 38.3 years.

Tasmania had the oldest median age of all states and territories, at 41.9 years, ahead of South Australia at 39.9 years. The Northern Territory was the youngest state or territory with a median age of 32.2 years, followed by the Australian Capital Territory at 35.1 years.

The Statistical Areas Level 4 (SA4s) with the highest median ages were Mid North Coast (48.8 years) in New South Wales, followed by South East (46.7) in Tasmania, and Southern Highlands and Shoalhaven (46.6) on the New South Wales coast. These areas are all popular retirement destinations. The SA4 with the lowest median age was Northern Territory - Outback (30.6 years), followed by Brisbane Inner City (32.8), Sydney - Blacktown and Melbourne - Inner (both 33.2).

The SA4 with the largest increase in median age between 2010 and 2015 was South East in Tasmania (up by 3.2 years) while Perth - Inner had the largest decline (down by 1.1 years).



CHILDREN (UNDER 15 YEARS OF AGE)

At June 2015, there were 4.48 million children under 15 years of age in Australia, accounting for 19% of the total population. In the five years to June 2015, the number of children increased by 276,700 (6.6%).

The Northern Territory had the highest proportion of children (22% of its total population), while South Australia had the lowest (18%).

The SA4 with the highest proportion of children was Northern Territory - Outback (25%), followed by Queensland - Outback, Sydney - Blacktown, Ipswich and Moreton Bay - South (all 23%). The SA4s with the lowest proportions of children were in the inner-city areas of Sydney - City and Inner South (10%), Melbourne - Inner (12%) and Brisbane Inner City (14%).

WORKING AGE POPULATION (AGED 15-64 YEARS)

At June 2015, there were 15.73 million people of working age (15 to 64 years) in Australia, an increase of 887,000 (6.0%) since June 2010. Around two thirds of the total population (66%) were in this age group in 2015.

The Northern Territory had the highest proportion of people of working age (71%), followed by the Australian Capital Territory (69%). Tasmania had the lowest proportion at 63%.

The SA4s with the highest proportions of working age people were Sydney - City and Inner South (80%), Melbourne - Inner (78%) and Brisbane Inner City (77%). The SA4s with the lowest proportions were Mid North Coast (56%), and Southern Highlands and Shoalhaven (58%), both in New South Wales, and Wide Bay (59%) on Queensland's coast.

PEOPLE AGED 65 YEARS AND OVER

In the five years since June 2010, the number of people aged 65 years and over in Australia increased by 582,300 (19%) to reach 3.57 million people at June 2015. This accounted for 15% of the total Australian population.

Tasmania had the highest proportion of people aged 65 years and over (18%), followed by South Australia (17%). The Northern Territory had the lowest proportion (6.9%).

The SA4s with the highest proportion of people aged 65 years and over were Mid North Coast (26%) and Southern Highlands and Shoalhaven (25%), both in New South Wales, followed by Wide Bay (23%) in Queensland and South Australia - South East (22%). The SA4s with the lowest proportion of people in this age group were Northern Territory - Outback (5.9%), Darwin (7.6%) and Western Australia - Outback (8.1%).

SEX RATIO

At June 2015, there were 123,900 more females than males residing in Australia, with 11.83 million males and 11.95 million females. The sex ratio (the number of males per hundred females) was 99.0. The sex ratio of the states and territories ranged from a low of 97.8 in Victoria to a high of 112.3 in the Northern Territory. Males outnumbered females only in the Northern Territory and Western Australia (102.1).

The sex ratio of all greater capital cities combined (98.3) was lower than for the rest of Australia (100.3). In all states and territories, the ratio of males to females was lower in the capital city than in the rest of the state or territory. Greater Adelaide (96.7) had the lowest sex ratio of all capital cities, while Greater Darwin (110.8) had the highest.

The SA4s with the highest sex ratios were Western Australia - Outback (125.8), Queensland - Outback (115.1) and Northern Territory - Outback (114.3), which were all areas with significant mining and/or agricultural activity. The lowest sex ratios were in the inner and middle suburban SA4s of Melbourne - Inner East (93.7), Sydney - North Sydney and Hornsby (93.8), and Melbourne - Inner South (94.0).

Between June 2010 and June 2015, the sex ratio increased the most in the SA4 of Western Australia - Outback (up by 6.9) and decreased the most in Mandurah (down by 2.3), also in Western Australia.