Quality Declaration
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GLOSSARY
FDV flagged offence An offence which has been flagged by police officers on their agency crime recording system as Family and Domestic Violence related. Forgery and counterfeiting Actions involving the making or use of false currency or the falsifying of official documents with an intention to deceive, obtain money, goods or services, or obtain a benefit or advantage. This includes the possession of equipment to make false/illegal instruments. This offence category is ANZSOC Subdivision 092 within Division 09 Fraud, deception and related offences. Fraud, deception and related offences Offences involving a dishonest act or omission carried out with the purpose of deceiving to obtain a benefit. This is a division of ANZSOC which includes the following subdivisions: Obtain benefit by deception (091), Forgery and counterfeiting (092), Deceptive business/government practices (093) and Other fraud and deception offences (099). For ease of reading Fraud, deception and related offences appears as ‘Fraud/deception’ throughout this publication. Homicide and related offences Unlawfully kill, attempt to unlawfully kill or conspiracy to kill another person. This is a division of ANZSOC which includes the following subdivisions: Murder (011), Attempted murder (012) and Manslaughter and driving causing death (013). Illicit drug offences The possessing, selling, dealing or trafficking, importing or exporting, manufacturing or cultivating of drugs or other substances prohibited under legislation. This is a division of ANZSOC which includes the following subdivisions: Import or export illicit drugs (101), Deal or traffic in illicit drugs (102), Manufacture or cultivate illicit drugs (103), Possess and/or use illicit drugs (104) and Other illicit drug offences (109). Manslaughter and driving causing death The unlawful killing of another person while deprived of the power of self-control by provocation, or under circumstances amounting to diminished responsibility or without intent to kill, as a result of a careless, reckless, negligent, unlawful or dangerous act. This offence category is ANZSOC Subdivision 013 within Division 01 Homicide and related offences. Manufacture or cultivate illicit drugs Actions resulting or intended to result in either the manufacture of controlled substances, or growing of plants used to make illicit drugs. This offence category is ANZSOC Subdivision 103 within Division 10 Illicit drug offences. Mean The arithmetic average. Median The middle value of a set of values when the values are sorted in order. Method of proceeding The method of proceeding describes the type of legal action (court or non-court) initiated by police against a person as a result of an investigation of an offence(s). Details of the classification hierarchy are outlined below.
Miscellaneous offences Offences involving the breach of statutory rules or regulations governing activities that are prima facie legal, where such offences are not explicitly dealt with under any other division of ANZSOC. This is a division of ANZSOC which includes the following subdivisions: Defamation, libel and privacy offences (161), Public health and safety offences (162), Commercial/industry/financial regulation (163) and Other miscellaneous offences (169). Motor vehicle theft The taking of another person's motor vehicle illegally and without permission, with the intent of temporarily or permanently depriving the owner/possessor of the use of the motor vehicle. Additionally, the taking of another person's motor vehicle parts or its contents illegally, whether or not this also involves the taking of the motor vehicle. A motor vehicle is defined as any self-propelled vehicle that runs on the land surface and is eligible for registration for use on public roads. This includes, but is not limited to: car, motorcycle, motorised caravan/campervan, truck, lorry, tractor, bus, grader, etc. This offence category is ANZSOC Subdivision 081 within Division 08 Theft and related offences. Murder Unlawfully kill another person where there is one or more of the following: the intent to kill; the intent to cause grievous bodily harm, with the knowledge that it was probable that death or grievous bodily harm would occur (reckless indifference to life); or without intent to kill in the course of committing a crime (felony murder). This offence category is ANZSOC Subdivision 011 within Division 01 Homicide and related offences. National Offence Index (NOI) The National Offence Index is a ranking of the ANZSOC codes from most serious to least serious, and is used to determine a principal offence where a person is proceeded against for more than one offence type during the reference period. Offences are allocated a ranking and the highest ranking offence (i.e. the offence closest to 1) is selected as the principal offence. The 2018 version of the NOI has been used for this publication. For a copy of the Index and for further detail refer to National Offence Index, 2018 (cat. no. 1234.0.55.001). Non-assaultive sexual offences Offences of a sexual nature, or intent thereof, against another person that do not involve physical contact with the person and where the person does not give consent, gives consent as a result of intimidation or deception, or consent is proscribed (i.e. the person is legally deemed incapable of giving consent because of youth, temporary/permanent (mental) incapacity or there is a familial relationship). This offence category is ANZSOC Subdivision 032 within Division 03 Sexual assault and related offences. Non-Indigenous Offenders who identify as neither Aboriginal nor Torres Strait Islander. Not stated Indigenous status Where the Indigenous status of the offender is not able to be identified or recorded. Obtain benefit by deception The use of deception or impersonation with the intent of dishonestly obtaining property, goods, services or other benefit, or to avoid disbenefit. This offence category is ANZSOC Subdivision 091 within Division 09 Fraud, deception and related offences. Offence Any act or omission by a person or persons for which a penalty could be imposed by the Australian legal system. Offences against justice procedures An act or omission prejudicial to the effective carrying out of justice procedures other than justice orders. This offence category is ANZSOC Subdivision 156 within Division 15 Offences against justice procedures, government security and government operations. Offences against justice procedures, government security and government operations An act or omission that is deemed to be prejudicial to the effective carrying out of justice procedures or any government operations. This includes general government operations as well as those specifically concerned with maintaining government security. This is a division of ANZSOC which includes the following subdivisions: Breach of custodial order offences (151), Breach of community-based orders (152), Breach of violence and non-violence orders (153), Offences against government operations (154), Offences against government security (155) and Offences against justice procedures (156). Breach of bail offences (ANZSOC Group 1523) are excluded from the data in this publication, due to issues with data comparability between the states and territories. For ease of reading ‘Offences against justice procedures, government security and government operations’ appears as ‘Offences against justice’ throughout this publication. Offender A person aged 10 years or over who is proceeded against and recorded by police for one or more criminal offences. An offender is only counted once during the reference period irrespective of the number of offences committed or the number of separate occasions that police proceeded against that offender. Offender of Family and Domestic Violence An offender recorded as having at least one offence that was flagged by police as being FDV-related. Offender rates Offender rates are expressed as the number of offenders per 100,000 of the relevant Estimated Resident Population (ERP). See Explanatory Notes. Offensive conduct Offences involving personal conduct that is deemed by police to be offensive to members of the public. This offence category is ANZSOC Subdivision 133 within Division 13 Public order offences. Other acts intended to cause injury Acts involving the indirect and non-confrontational infliction of harm, injury or violence upon a person. This offence category is ANZSOC Subdivision 029 within Division 02 Acts intended to cause injury. Other fraud and deception offences Other fraud and deception offences not included elsewhere in Division 09. This offence category is ANZSOC Subdivision 099 within Division 09 Fraud, deception and related offences. Police proceeding A proceeding is a legal action initiated against an alleged offender for an offence(s). In this publication, police proceedings represent a count for each separate occasion on which police initiate a legal action against an offender. Each proceeding is classified to a principal offence and principal method of proceeding. It does not represent a count of offences, as multiple offences can occur within a proceeding. Police proceedings - court actions A type of legal action initiated by police against an offender. Court actions largely comprise the laying of charges against an alleged offender that must be answered in court. Offenders may be taken into custody, granted bail or issued with a summons for these charges pending an appearance in court. Police proceedings - non-court actions A type of legal action initiated by police against an offender. Non-court actions comprise legal actions such as informal or formal cautions/warnings, conferencing, counselling such as drug diversionary schemes, or the issuing of penalty or infringement notices, which do not require an appearance in court. Possess and/or use illicit drugs The possession of a non-commercial quantity and/or use of an illicit drug or other controlled substance. This offence category is ANZSOC Subdivision 104 within Division 10 Illicit drug offences. Principal method of proceeding The main legal action (court or non-court) initiated by police for an offender based on the hierarchy of the Method of Proceeding Classification. Principal offence The offence category, based on ANZSOC, which describes the most serious offence type for which a person has been proceeded against by police during the reference period. The principal offence is determined by the ranking of offences in the NOI (see National Offence Index). Prohibited and regulated weapons and explosives offences Offences involving prohibited or regulated weapons and explosives. This is a division of ANZSOC which includes the following subdivisions: Prohibited weapons/explosives offences (111) and Regulated weapons/explosives offences (112). For ease of reading Prohibited and regulated weapons and explosives offences appears as ‘Weapons/explosives’ throughout this publication. Property damage and environmental pollution The wilful and unlawful destruction, damage or defacement of public or private property, or the pollution of property or a definable entity held in common by the community. This is a division of ANZSOC which includes the following subdivisions: Property damage (121) and Environmental pollution (122). Public order offences Offences involving personal conduct that involves, or may lead to, a breach of public order or decency, or that is indicative of criminal intent, or that is otherwise regulated or prohibited on moral or ethical grounds. In general these offences do not involve a specific victim or victims; however, some offences, such as offensive language and offensive behaviour, may be directed towards a single victim. This is a division of ANZSOC which includes the following subdivisions: Disorderly conduct (131), Regulated public order offences (132) and Offensive conduct (133). Ratio A way of concisely showing the relationship of one quantity relative to another. Receive or handle proceeds of crime Receive, handle, possess money or goods taken or obtained illegally. This offence category is ANZSOC Subdivision 083 within Division 08 Theft and related offences. Regulated public order offences Offences involving behaviour that is regulated or prohibited on moral or ethical grounds. This offence category is ANZSOC Subdivision 132 within Division 13 Public order offences. Robbery, extortion and related offences Acts intended to unlawfully gain money, property or any other thing of value from, or to cause detriment to, another person by using the threat of force or any other coercive measure. This is a division of ANZSOC which includes the following subdivisions: Robbery (061) and Blackmail and extortion (062). For ease of reading Robbery, extortion and related offences appears as ‘Robbery/extortion’ throughout this publication. Sexual assault Physical contact, or intent of contact, of a sexual nature directed towards another person where that person does not give consent, gives consent as a result of intimidation or deception, or consent is proscribed (i.e. the person is legally deemed incapable of giving consent because of youth, temporary/permanent (mental) incapacity or there is a familial relationship). This offence category is ANZSOC Subdivision 031 within Division 03 Sexual assault and related offences. Sexual assault and related offences Acts, or intent of acts, of a sexual nature against another person, which are non-consensual or where consent is proscribed. This is a division of ANZSOC which includes the following subdivisions: Sexual assault (031) and Non-assaultive sexual offences (032). Theft and related offences The unlawful taking or obtaining of money or goods, not involving the use of force, threat of force or violence, coercion or deception, with the intent to permanently or temporarily deprive the owner or possessor of the use of the money or goods, or the receiving or handling of money or goods obtained unlawfully. This is a division of ANZSOC which includes the following subdivisions: Motor vehicle theft and related offences (081), Theft (except motor vehicles) (082), Receive or handle proceeds of crime (083) and Illegal use of property (except motor vehicles) (084). For ease of reading Theft and related offences appears as ‘Theft’ throughout this publication. Theft (except motor vehicles) The unlawful taking or obtaining of money, goods, services (other than from motor vehicles) or non-motorised vehicles, without the use of force, threat of force or violence, coercion or deception, with the intent to permanently deprive the owner or possessor of the use of the money or the goods. The definition of a vehicle (other than a motor vehicle) includes but is not limited to: tram, train, ship, aircraft, vessel or any other (non-motorised) vehicle. This offence category is ANZSOC Subdivision 082 within Division 08 Theft and related offences. Traffic and vehicle regulatory offences Offences relating to vehicles and most forms of road traffic, including offences pertaining to licensing, motor vehicle registration, roadworthiness or use of vehicles, bicycle offences and pedestrian offences. This is a division of ANZSOC which includes the following subdivisions: Driving licence offences (141), Vehicle registration and roadworthiness offences (142), Regulatory driving offences (143) and Pedestrian offences (144). Data for this division are not presented in this publication due to issues of data availability in some jurisdictions. Unlawful entry with intent/burglary, break and enter The unlawful entry of a structure with the intent to commit an offence, where the entry is either forced or unforced. This is a division of ANZSOC which includes the following subdivision: Unlawful entry with intent/burglary, break and enter (071). For ease of reading Unlawful entry with intent/burglary, break and enter appears as ‘Unlawful entry with intent' throughout this publication. Youth offenders Alleged offenders aged 10–17 years proceeded against by police during the reference period. This term was used to refer to offenders aged 10–19 years in previous publications. 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