5514.0.55.001 - Australian System of Government Finance Statistics: Concepts, Sources and Methods, 2003
ARCHIVED ISSUE Released at 11:30 AM (CANBERRA TIME) 10/10/2003
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Warning - this document is a previous issue of this product and is out of date. An acrobat version of this document have been released. Please use the acrobat version for the most up to date information Australian System of Government Finance Statistics: Concepts, Sources and Methods (5514.0) SUMMARY ECONOMIC TYPE FRAMEWORK CLASSIFICATION
EXPANDED ECONOMIC TYPE FRAMEWORK CLASSIFICATION
DETAILED ECONOMIC TYPE FRAMEWORK CLASSIFICATION SECTION 1: OPERATING STATEMENT The operating statement identifies the revenues generated and the expenses incurred by the entity during the current period using the accrual basis of recording. Accrual accounting records transactions and other flows at the time economic value is created, transformed, exchanged, transferred or extinguished. This means that changes of ownership are recorded when ownership passes, services are recorded when provided, output is recorded at the time products are created, and consumption is recorded when materials and supplies are used. The operating statement presented here is broadly structured along the lines of a profit and loss, income and expenditure or similar operating statement published as part of general purpose financial reporting. This structure has been adopted so that data providers are presented with, from their point of view, a logical and familiar environment in which to classify data items of statistical interest to the ABS. This means that certain items included under revenue and expenses below will not be reflected as revenue or expense items in the output published by the ABS as such output will be based on ‘economic’ classification criteria required in the compilation of the Australian GFS and the ASNA. These items are separately identified in the descriptions provided below. 11 REVENUES In accounting terms, revenues are inflows or other enhancements, or savings in outflows, of future economic benefits in the form of increases in assets or reduction in liabilities of the entity, other than those relating to contributions by owners, that result in an increase in equity during the reporting period. Revenues consist mainly of taxation revenue, sales of goods and services, property income, and current and capital transfers. 111 Taxation revenue 1110 Taxation revenue A tax is a compulsory levy imposed by government, mainly designed to raise revenue. There is usually no clear and direct link between payment of taxes and the provision of goods and services. Taxes are levied, inter alia, on incomes, wealth, production, sale and use of goods and services, and the performance of activities. The amount of tax revenue accruing in a period is the amount generated when the underlying transactions or events which give rise to the government’s right to collect the taxes occur in that period. Governments may regulate certain activities by issuing licences for which fees are payable. If the issue of such licences involves little or no work by the government then the revenue raised is deemed to be taxation revenue. However, if the government uses the issue of licences to exercise some proper regulatory function, such as checking the competency or qualifications of a would-be licensee, then the revenue raised is deemed to be revenue from the sale of services by government unless it is clearly out of all proportion to the costs of providing the services. Taxes that are levied on a regular or periodic basis are deemed to be current taxes. Taxes that are levied infrequently and at irregular intervals or under exceptional circumstances are deemed to be capital taxes. The different types of taxes are shown in a separate Taxes Classification. This is used as an aid in the derivation of ETFs 1111, 1112, 1113, 1114, and 1115. 1111 Taxes on income (derived by the ABS) Refers to taxes on income, profits and capital gains. Taxes on income are assessed on the actual or presumed incomes of individuals, households, corporations or non-profit institutions operating in the market. They are assessed on holdings of property, land or real estate when such holdings are used as a basis for estimating the income of their owners. Includes income and capital gains taxes levied on individuals and enterprises. Also includes income taxes levied on non-residents. 1112 Other current taxes (derived by the ABS) Refers to current taxes other than ‘taxes on income’, ‘taxes on products’ and ‘other taxes on production’. Consists of current taxes on capital and miscellaneous current taxes. Current taxes on capital consist of those taxes that are periodically payable on the property or net wealth of institutional units not used by them for production. Miscellaneous current taxes consist of various different kinds of taxes payable periodically. Includes vehicle registration fees and taxes and stamp duty on vehicle registration by persons or households. Excludes driver’s licences, broadcasting listeners' licences and television viewers’ licences (ETF 1120). 1113 Taxes on products (derived by the ABS) Taxes on products are levied per unit of quantity or price per unit of goods and services produced, sold, imported, exported, transferred, leased or delivered. They may be a specific amount per unit of quantity measured either in terms of discrete units or continuous physical variables such as volume, weight or time or they may be a specific percentage of the price per unit. Includes general taxes on provision of goods and services, excises, taxes on international, trade, taxes on gambling and taxes on insurance. 1114 Other taxes on production (derived by the ABS) Other taxes on production consist of all taxes except taxes on products that are levied as a result of enterprises engaging in the production of goods and services and that are payable irrespective of the profitability of the production. They may be payable on the labour, fixed assets and land used in the production process. Includes payroll taxes and other employer's labour force taxes, taxes on immovable property, taxes on financial and capital transactions, registration taxes on vehicles used by producers, road transport and maintenance taxes, franchise taxes, broadcasting station licences and television station licences. Excludes betterment levies (ETF 1115). 1115 Capital taxes (derived by the ABS) Capital taxes consist of capital levies and taxes on capital transfers. Capital levies are imposed at irregular and infrequent intervals on the value of assets or net worth owned by institutional units. Taxes on capital transfers are imposed at irregular and infrequent intervals on the value of assets transferred between institutional units as a result of legacies, gifts or other transfers. Includes betterment levies, estate duties, probate and succession duties, and gift duties. 112 Sales of goods and services 1120 Sales of goods and services Refers to revenue from the direct provision of goods and services by general government and public enterprises. Includes fees and charges for services rendered and sales of goods and services by general government and public enterprises. Includes fees from regulatory services. Includes revenue of general government enterprises for work done acting as an agent for other government and private enterprises. Includes rental income under operating leases. Items leased under an operating lease consist of fixed assets such as buildings, ships, aircraft, vehicles, etc. that are all produced assets. Also includes rental income on produced assets such as buildings and entertainment, literary or artistic originals. Excludes rent income from the use of non-produced assets such as land, deposits of minerals and fossil fuels. Fees from regulatory services are treated as revenue from sales if the government exercises some proper regulatory function, such as checking the competency or qualifications of a would-be licensee. If there is little or no work involved or if the revenue raised is clearly out of all proportion to the cost of providing the service then it is treated as taxation revenue (ETF 1110). 113 Property income Refers to income accrued from the ownership of financial assets or tangible non-produced assets (mainly land and sub-soil assets). Property incomes accrue when the owners of such assets put them at the disposal of other entities. Property income on financial assets is in the form of interest, dividends, etc. Property income on land and sub-soil assets is in the form of rent. 1131 Interest income Refers to income accrued by owners of financial assets such as deposits, securities other than shares, loans and accounts receivable in return for providing funds to other entities. Includes interest on advances to the private sector, public enterprises, building societies and foreign governments. Also includes interest on bank account balances and fixed deposits held with banks, government securities, intra-sector deposits and short term money market balances. 1132 Dividend income Dividends are a form of property income which shareholders are entitled to as a result of their ownership of equity in other entities. Refers to returns on equity from public enterprises to general government in the nature of dividends and dividends to public enterprises from subsidiaries (see ETF 1263). Also refers to dividends from shares held as investments in private and public corporations and income from the IMF (not revenue from the IMF’s gold disbursements). Dividend income (including transfers of income from PNFCs and PFCs) is considered to be a return on equity investment rather than a return of equity investment. Dividend income is accrued when declared and arises from 'operating surplus' and 'income' (as these concepts are used in national accounting). Dividend income is generally not funded by sale of assets, capital restructure, borrowings or other credit arrangements. 1133 Income from public enterprises as income tax equivalents Refers to income from public enterprises to general government in the nature of income tax equivalents. This revenue is treated as property income rather than income tax revenue in GFS because it is levied by State/Territory governments on their enterprises only rather than by the Commonwealth Government on all enterprises under its income tax legislation. 1134 Income from public enterprises as wholesale sales tax equivalents Refers to income from public enterprises to general government in the nature of wholesale sales tax equivalents. This revenue is treated as property income rather than tax revenue in GFS because it is levied by State/Territory governments on their enterprises only rather than by the Commonwealth Government on all enterprises under its tax legislation. 1135 Land rent income Refers to rent for the use of land. Includes land rent in the Territories and leasing of crown lands. Rentals on buildings or other produced assets are classified to ETF 1120. 1136 Royalty income Refers to rent for the use of non-produced assets such as deposits of minerals or fossil fuels. Mainly includes off-shore petroleum, mineral and timber royalties not relating to plantation and regrowth forests. Rentals for the use of produced assets are excluded and treated as sales of goods and services (ETF 1120). 1137 Seigniorage For the Commonwealth Treasury, this item refers to the profit on the issue of coins, i.e. the difference between the face value of coinage and the cost of production. For the RBA, this item refers to income from assets held as a result of currency notes issued, less production costs. This item is excluded from GFS revenue in tabulated or published output. 114 Other current revenue Refers to current revenue other than from taxes, sales of goods and services, and property income. Under current accounting conventions, some revaluations are taken directly to reserves while others are recognised via the operating statement. Those revaluations recognised in the operating statement are included here for input purposes. However, for output purposes they are reflected as ‘revaluations and other changes’. 1141 Revenue from current grants and subsidies Refers to revenue from grants and subsidies for current purposes. Where grants and subsidies are subject to contractual arrangements, the amount accruing in a period is the amount over which the recipient has gained control. 1142 Gains/losses on non-financial assets This item covers realised and unrealised gains/losses related to non-financial assets. It includes profit/loss on the sale of non-financial assets. Profit/loss is the difference between proceeds from disposals of non-financial assets and their carrying values. Where non-financial assets are revalued periodically to reflect market changes, the revaluation increases are taken directly to asset revaluation reserves (and coded as revaluations in ETF 61) except when the revaluation represents a reversal of a previous decline in value, in which case the revaluation increase should be regarded as revenue in accounting terms and included here. This item is excluded from revenue and included as a revaluation in GFS tabulated or published output. 1143 Gains/losses on financial assets (securities marked-to-market) This item covers unrealised gains/losses recognised as a result of securities which have been marked-to-market and realised gains/losses from disposal of securities. Gains and losses of this nature are regarded as revaluations in economic accounting. This item is excluded from revenue and included as a revaluation in GFS tabulated or published output. 1144 Gains/losses on financial assets (derivatives) This item covers realised and unrealised gains/losses on derivative financial instruments such as foreign exchange contracts, forward rate agreements, interest rate and currency swaps, futures and options. This item is excluded from revenue in GFS tabulated or published output. Transactions relating to the settlement of derivative positions are treated as financing transactions in GFS. 1145 Gains/losses on other financial assets This item covers realised and unrealised gains/losses related to financial assets other than on securities marked-to-market (ETF 1143) and on derivatives (ETF 1144). This item may include gains/losses on securities valued at historical cost or at current value. It also includes profit/loss on the sale of financial assets held for investment purposes or on the early repurchase of liabilities. This item is excluded from revenue and included as a revaluation in GFS tabulated or published output. 1146 Fines Fines are civil and criminal penalties imposed on law breakers other than penalties imposed by tax authorities. Penalties imposed by tax authorities are classified as tax revenue (ETF 1110). 1149 Current revenue n.e.c. Refers to current revenue not included in the categories above. Includes revenue of local governments in lieu of municipal rates, gifts, conscience moneys, and unclaimed moneys such as unclaimed lottery prizes, unclaimed TAB dividends and unclaimed moneys in bank accounts. 115 Capital revenue Refers to revenue from unrequited transfers for capital purposes and assets acquired without cost. 1151 Revenue from capital grants Refers to revenue from grants for capital purposes. Where capital grants are subject to contractual arrangements, the amount accruing in a period is the amount over which the recipient has gained control. 1152 Assets acquired below fair value Assets acquired below fair value or without cost are included in GFS by imputation of equivalent transactions when they are of an economic nature and where valuations are realistically obtainable. Such assets are recorded as capital revenue and increases in assets by the recipients. 1159.Capital revenue n.e.c. Refers to capital transfers other than intra-sector grants and assets acquired without cost. Includes transfers to sinking funds, capital levies from local government and grants from private bodies for capital works, e.g.. donations for road construction. Also includes capital grants from foreign governments and organisations. 12 EXPENSES In accounting terms, expenses are consumptions or losses of future economic benefits in the form of reductions in assets or increases in liabilities of the entity (other than those relating to distributions to owners) that result in a decrease in equity or net worth during the reporting period. However, distributions to owners (dividends and income transfers) are included here in expenses as the net operating result derived in GFS is intended to equate with the national accounts concept of savings plus capital transfers. 121 Employee expenses Employee expenses relate to compensation of employees and reflect those expenses accrued as a result of services provided by employees in the current period. They include wages and salaries, annual leave, long service leave and superannuation. 1211 Funded superannuation expenses Refers to superannuation expenses accrued under a funded scheme for services provided by employees in the current period. A funded scheme is a separately constituted legal entity into which an employer contributes, on a regular basis, an amount actuarially determined to fully fund future superannuation liabilities. The employer therefore does not carry the superannuation liability on its balance sheet. Includes amounts payable by employers to superannuation schemes, in respect of services provided by employees in the current period, to finance future superannuation payments. Excludes amounts not relating to services provided by employees in the current period arising from actuarial reviews and reassessments. Such amounts are treated as either revaluations or reallocated to their appropriate time period(s). 1212 Unfunded superannuation expenses Refers to the superannuation expenses accrued under an unfunded scheme for services provided by employees in the current period. An unfunded scheme is one in which the employer carries the superannuation liability on its balance sheet as it does not contribute to a separately constituted legal entity, on a regular basis, amounts actuarially determined to fully fund the superannuation. The employer liability for superannuation is usually not matched by specifically earmarked assets and payments to superannuants are met on an emerging basis. In an unfunded scheme, the employer is considered to be compulsorily borrowing from employees the increase in superannuation liability each period. The cost of this borrowing, referred to as nominal interest, is excluded from here and classified to ETF 1261. Excludes pensions and lump sums paid to former employees (ETF 2121). Also excludes amounts not relating to services provided by employees in the current period arising from actuarial reviews and reassessments. Such amounts are treated as either revaluations or reallocated to their appropriate time period(s). 1213 Wages, salaries and supplements (non-capitalised) Refers to wages, salaries and supplements to wages and salaries not related to superannuation and other employee entitlements such as long service leave. Includes allowances for overtime, shift-work, living away from home and travel. Also includes salaries and wages in kind such as accommodation, vehicles and clothing provided by employers. Excludes wages and salaries charged to capital works (e.g.. on own-account construction) as well as taxes on employers’ payroll and labour force. Also excludes expenses relating to usage of labour hire agencies (ETF 1229). 1218 Employee expenses (provisions adjustments—derived by the ABS) This class holds adjustments required to convert GFS operating expenditure to a national accounting basis in respect of certain provision expenses. 1219 Other employee expenses Refers to compensation of employees other than superannuation, and wages, salaries and supplements. Includes accrued expenses for the period relating to accident compensation premiums, sick leave, annual leave, long service leave, retirement and redundancy. 122 Non-employee expenses Refers to those operating expenses that are not related to the compensation of employees. Excludes depreciation and amortisation expenses (ETF 123). 1221 Provisions for doubtful debts Accounts for anticipated doubtful debts expensed during the period. Provisions or allowances for doubtful debts are not included in GFS output and Accounts receivable in the balance sheet is recorded gross of such provisions or allowances. Bad debts written off by mutual agreement with prior provision are classified as capital transfers, while bad debts written off on a unilateral basis with prior provision are treated as 'other changes in the volume of assets'. Bad debts written off by mutual agreement without prior provision are classified to ETF 1222, while bad debts written off on a unilateral basis without prior provision are treated as 'other changes in the volume of assets'. 1222 Bad debts written off (not previously provided) Refers to those bad debts that have been directly written off without previous provision. Ideally, bad debts written off need to be distinguished between those which are written off by some form of mutual agreement between debtor and creditor and those written off unilaterally since their treatment in economic accounts differ. Those written off by mutual agreement are treated as capital transfers whereas those written off unilaterally are treated as 'other changes in the volume of assets' in published output. The distinction between bad debts written off by mutual agreement or unilaterally has not been made here, as data sourced from financial statements cannot be readily split in this manner. Government entities operating on a non-commercial basis, such as government aid agencies, generally would not provide for bad debts and directly write them off by mutual agreement. Therefore, the bad debts written off without previous provision included here will be treated on output as capital transfers, on the assumption that they are mainly of the mutual agreement type. However, where this assumption is not true the item needs to be treated as 'other changes in the volume of assets'. 1223 Benefits to households in goods and services Refers to expenditure by government on goods and services produced by market producers that are provided directly to households as social transfers in kind. Includes medical and pharmaceutical benefits, telephone rental concessions, concessional railway fares, rental subsidies, reduced utility charges, etc. In the ANA, this item is included in the measure of final consumption expenditure by government but not in actual government consumption. 1224 Production tax expenses This item includes taxes on production or indirect tax expenses. 1228 Non-employee expenses (provisions adjustments—derived by the ABS) This class holds adjustments required to convert GFS operating expenditure to a national accounting basis in respect of certain provision expenses. 1229 Other non-employee expenses Refers to the purchase of goods and services by general government and public enterprises from public and private enterprises and from abroad. Includes all intermediate consumption by general government and public enterprises. Also includes rentals for the use of buildings or the right to use copyrights, patents, trademarks, etc. Excludes purchases which are charged to capital works (e.g.. own-account construction). Also excludes interest and finance lease payments. 123 Depreciation and amortisation Refers to the accounting process by which the cost of assets are written off over time. Depreciation and amortisation charges are allocations of the cost of assets over their useful life. Depreciation usually relates to non-current tangible assets which are written off because they wear out or become obsolete. Amortisation usually relates to consumption of non-produced assets. 1231 Depreciation of fixed assets (non-defence) Refers to amounts charged to current operations in respect of the consumption of non-current tangible assets not related to defence weapons platforms. 1232 Depreciation of fixed assets (defence) Refers to amounts charged to current operations in respect of the consumption of non-current tangible assets related to defence weapons platforms. 1233 Amortisation Refers to amounts charged to current operations in respect of the consumption of assets that were not the result of past 'production' as understood in national accounting eg patents. This item is excluded from expenses and included as 'other change in volume of assets' in GFS tabulated or published output. 124 Current transfer expenses Refers to regular payments that are current in nature and where no economic benefits are received in return for payment. 1241 Current grant expenses Refers to voluntary transfers intended to finance the current activities of the recipient. Includes grants for current purposes to private non-profit organisations serving households, grants made to foreign governments and organisations including grants made for aid projects, and current grants from one level of government to another (e.g. Commonwealth to State) and between units within the same level of government (e.g. budget sector to non-budget sector). Current grants to private non-profit organisations serving households include grants to hospitals, independent schools, religious and charitable organisations. Current grants to public enterprises and non-profit institutions serving business are classified as subsidies (ETF 1242), and current grants to non-profit institutions serving government are classified as non-employee expenses (ETF 1229) where such institutions are not in direct coverage of GFS. Any grants which are not specifically defined as capital (ETF 1251) are treated as current. 1242 Subsidy expenses Refers to current grants paid by general government to public and private enterprises including unincorporated enterprises. Subsidies are a form of assistance to producers and are credited to the production account of enterprises. Includes grants made to public enterprises to offset recurring losses that are a consequence of government policy to maintain prices at a level that does not cover the cost of production. 1243 Current monetary transfers to households Refers to monetary transfers by government to individuals or households, who are not required to provide any significant amount of goods or services in return (e.g. old age pensions and unemployment benefits). ‘Work for the dole’ schemes are included, as the main purpose of such schemes is the transfer of monetary benefits and acquisition of employment skills. Also refers to personal benefit payments to Australian citizens resident overseas. These latter transactions are treated as transfers to persons in GFS, but are treated as transfers overseas in the national accounts. 1244 Tax expenses This item includes direct tax expenses (taxes on income) of public enterprises. Such expenses may be reflected in the financial accounts as transfers to provisions. It also includes all tax expenses of general government units such as State/Territory government payroll taxes and Commonwealth Government fringe benefits tax. Excludes indirect tax expenses (taxes on production) of public enterprises (ETF 1224). 1249 Other current transfer expenses Refers to other unrequited current transfers which are not classified elsewhere in ETF 124. Includes compulsory payments of a current nature (other than taxes) to other government authorities, but excludes payments of an agency nature. Includes levies paid to Fire Boards, Town Planning Authorities and levies paid to county councils by constituent municipal and shire councils. 125 Capital transfer expenses Refers to unrequited payments of a capital nature that are usually non-recurrent and irregular for donor or recipient. 1251 Capital grant expenses Refers to unrequited payments by government to finance the acquisition of non-financial capital assets by the recipient, or compensate the recipient for damage or destruction of capital assets, or increase the financial capital of the recipient. Includes grants to private enterprises, persons and private non-profit institutions to contribute towards the cost of capital expenditure. Includes compensation to primary industry marketing authorities for losses on overseas debts resulting from devaluations. Includes homes savings grants. Includes grants towards science laboratories and libraries in private schools, university residential colleges, etc. Also includes grants made by public authorities to other public authorities to contribute towards the cost of capital development. Includes grants between different levels of government and grants within one level of government. 1252 Assets donated Donated assets are included in GFS by imputation of equivalent transactions when they are of an economic nature and where valuations are realistically obtainable. Such assets are recorded as capital transfers and decreases in assets by the donors. 1259 Other capital transfer expenses Refers to capital transfer payments not elsewhere included in ETF 125. Includes compulsory payments of a capital nature (other than taxes) to other government authorities but excludes payments of an agency nature. Includes payments made to finance the debt redemption or capital works of other bodies. 126 Property expense Refers to requited current transfers involving payment for the use of property rights. Includes interest, income transfers, land rent, royalties and dividends. 1261 Nominal interest on unfunded superannuation Refers to the imputed interest accrued during the period on unfunded superannuation liabilities (see ETF 1212). In statistical terms, superannuation expense is a component of ‘compensation of employees’. Superannuation expense in a period represents the increase in superannuation liability due to services provided by employees in that period. The liability so generated by the employer (the government in this case) is therefore an asset attributed to the household sector (the employees). The government is viewed as compulsorily ‘borrowing’ from employees the value of the increase in superannuation liability each period. In doing so, it sustains an additional cost for the use of these ‘borrowed’ funds which is an interest expense. The cost of these ‘borrowed’ funds is included here as nominal interest. 1262 Interest expense other than nominal interest on unfunded superannuation Refers to requited transfer payments for the use of money. Includes interest on advances, loans, overdrafts, bonds and bills, deposits and the interest component of finance lease repayments. 1263 Income transferred by public enterprises as dividends Refers to that part of the income of public enterprises which is transferred to their parent bodies as dividends, transfer of profits or other such descriptions. The corresponding revenue from these sources is recorded as ETF 1132. Includes dividends paid to parent governments or parent public enterprises, but excludes other dividends paid (e.g. dividends paid to private sector shareholders (ETF 1267)). Excludes transfers as income tax and other forms of taxation. Also excludes transfers as incomes tax equivalents (ETF 1264) and wholesale sales tax equivalents (ETF 1265). 1264 Income transferred by public enterprises as income tax equivalents Refers to that part of the income of public enterprises which is transferred to their parent governments as income tax equivalents. General government revenue from these sources is recorded as ETF 1133. Excludes transfers as income tax and other forms of taxation. Also excludes dividends paid to parent governments or parent public enterprises (ETF 1263) and other dividends paid (e.g. dividends paid to private sector shareholders (ETF 1267)), and wholesale sale tax equivalents paid to parent governments (ETF 1265). 1265 Income transferred by public enterprises as wholesale sales tax equivalents Refers to that part of the income of public enterprises which is transferred to their parent governments as wholesale sales tax equivalents. General government revenue from these sources is recorded as ETF 1134. Excludes dividends paid to parent governments or parent public enterprises (ETF 1263) and other dividends paid (e.g. dividends paid to private sector shareholders (ETF 1267)), and income tax equivalents paid to parent governments (ETF 1264). 1266 Land rent and royalty expenses Refers to rent for the use of non-produced assets such as land and subsoil assets. Includes royalty payments for the right to exploit natural resources. Excludes rentals on produced assets such as for the use of buildings or the right to use copyrights, patents, trademarks, etc. (ETF 1229). 1267 Dividends to shareholders Refers to dividends to private sector shareholders who are minority owners of public enterprises. Excludes dividends paid to parent government. These are treated as income transfers (ETF 1263). 19 ABNORMAL/EXTRAORDINARY ITEMS In accounting terms, abnormal items are transactions that occur within the normal operations of an enterprise but are abnormal due to their size. Extraordinary items are transactions that occur outside ordinary operations and are not of a recurring nature. These items are included in the operating statement but are disclosed separately as they have an unusual impact on the operating result. ETF 19 has been set up as part of a mechanism for reconciling ABS net operating result (NOR) with that published by jurisdictions. These items are therefore reconciliation items rather than economic or output items. ETF 19s balance to zero and will not be used to calculate ABS NOR. ABS NOR for a particular period may be reconciled with a particular jurisdiction’s NOR under AAS 31 by adding back ETFs 1922, 1923, 1924 and 1925 as well as a number of other categories (ETFs 1142, 1144, 1145 and 1221). In addition to being coded as ETF 19, abnormal/extraordinary items must also be allocated to their relevant period(s) and substantive ETF(s). 191 Abnormal/extraordinary items 1911 Abnormal/extraordinary items as reported in the current period Refers to abnormal/extraordinary items that are reported in the current period. If the items relate to the current period they are substantively classified to it. If they relate to another period they are removed from the current period, allocated to the relevant period as abnormal/extraordinary items (ETF 1912) and classified substantively to the correct economic category. 1912 Abnormal/extraordinary items allocated from other periods Refers to abnormal/extraordinary items that have been reported in another period and allocated to this period (see ETF 1911). 192 Abnormal/extraordinary contra items The contra items in ETF 192 are used to balance or negate the effect of items classified to ETF 191. 1921 Abnormal/extraordinary contra items—economic transactions in current period affecting NOR Refers to items that relate to the current period and drive or determine the net operating result. 1922 Abnormal/extraordinary contra items—economic transactions in current period financing NOR Refers to items that relate to the current period and are viewed as financing the net operating result. 1923 Abnormal/extraordinary contra items—revaluations and write-downs Refers to items reflecting revaluations of assets and write-downs of assets during the current period. 1924 Abnormal/extraordinary contra items—other non-economic transactions Refers to items relevant to the current period that are non-economic in nature such as movements between reserves. 1925 Abnormal/extraordinary contra items—economic transactions relating to other periods Refers to items that are brought to account or recognised in the current period but which relate to other periods in an economic sense. SECTION 2: CASH FLOW STATEMENT The cash flow statement identifies the cash flows from the operating, investing and financing activities of government. Cash refers to cash on hand and cash equivalents. Cash on hand refers to notes and coins held, and deposits held at call with a bank or financial institution. Cash equivalents are highly liquid investments which are readily convertible to cash on hand at the investor’s option. Items of economic interest that are not within the scope of the cash flow statement are included in the supplementary statement (e.g. finance leases). 21 CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES Refers to cash flows from the operating activities or normal business of government entities. 211 Cash receipts from operating activities Refers to cash inflows from operating activities during the current period. 2111 Taxes received Refers to cash received from compulsory levies imposed by government on other entities. 2112 Cash received from sales of goods and services Refers to cash received from the direct provision of goods and services by general government and public enterprises. 2113 Grants and subsidies received Refers to cash received from voluntary transfers by government and other entities. 2114 Income transferred from public enterprises Refers to cash received from public enterprises in the form of dividends or tax equivalents. 2115 Interest received Refers to cash received by owners of financial assets in the form of interest. 2119 Other receipts Refers to cash received from operating activities other than that received from taxation, sales of goods and services, grants, subsidies, income transferred from public enterprises and interest. 212 Cash payments for operating activities Refers to cash outflows from the normal operating activities of government entities. 2121 Cash paid for employee superannuation Refers to cash paid by government entities to superannuation schemes in respect of employee superannuation and pension. Excludes amounts paid by general government in respect of public enterprise employees which are classified to ETF 2599. Recoveries or recoupments relating to superannuation may also be included here as negative payments. 2122 Cash paid for the purchase of other goods and services Refers to cash paid by government entities for the purchase of other goods and services. 2123 Subsidies and grants paid Refers to voluntary cash transfers by government in the form of subsidies and grants. Includes both current and capital grants paid in cash. 2124 Other transfer payments Refers to cash transfers by government other than those in the form of subsidies and grants. Includes both current and capital transfers paid in cash. 2125 Interest paid Refers to requited cash transfers by government in the form of interest. Includes interest paid in cash on advances, loans, overdrafts, bonds and bills, and deposits. 2129 Other payments Refers to cash outflows from the operating activities of government entities other than those related to purchases of goods and services, subsidies, grants, interest and other transfer payments. 22 CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTMENTS IN NON-FINANCIAL ASSETS Refers to cash flows from investments in non-financial assets by government entities. 221 Capitalised interest 2210 Capitalised interest Capitalised interest is separately identified as it is not conceptually part of capital formation in economic accounting. For output purposes, capitalised interest is retained in the cash flow statement to derive the aggregate ‘cash flows from investments in non-financial assets’. It is also combined with ETF 1262 and reflected as ‘interest expense’ in the operating statement. 222 Expenditure on non-financial assets (net) Refers to net expenditure on new and second-hand fixed assets, land and intangible assets excluding capitalised interest. Fixed assets are durable goods intended to be employed in the production process for longer than a year. Includes net expenditure on mineral deposits, timber tracts and similar non-reproducible tangible assets. Also includes net expenditure on intangible assets such as patents and copyrights. 2221 Purchases of new non-financial assets Refers to purchases of new fixed assets. Fixed assets are tangible assets intended to be used in the production process for longer than a year. Includes fixed assets constructed on own account, valued at cost of materials, and capitalised salaries and wages. Also includes reimbursements received by public authorities, for amounts spent on capital works, while acting as an agent for other government and private bodies. Excludes capitalised interest and houses built for sale. Includes the purchase of vacant land and land with improvements. Also includes the outright purchases of intangible assets. Excludes assets acquired under finance lease arrangements which are classified to ETF 4101. 2222 Purchases of secondhand non-financial assets Refers to purchases of secondhand fixed assets. Secondhand assets are those which have been previously used in production in the country. Excludes secondhand assets imported into the country for the first time which are regarded as new for classification purposes. Also excludes assets acquired under finance lease arrangements which are classified to ETF 4101. 2223 Sales of non-financial assets Refers to sales of fixed assets. Relates mainly to the disposal of previously rented dwellings, non-residential buildings, used plant and equipment. Also refers to the sale of land (including the sale of residential leases in the ACT). The sale of land and buildings as a package is treated as sales of fixed assets unless a separate value can be determined for the land component. Also refers to the outright sales of intangible assets. 23 CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTMENTS IN FINANCIAL ASSETS FOR POLICY PURPOSES Refers to cash flows from investments in financial assets for policy purposes by government entities. Includes advances, equity acquisitions, equity disposals and privatisations. 231 Advances paid (net) Advances are the creation of financial assets (i.e. an increase in the indebtedness to government units) with the aim of funding particular enterprise, household or government activities. The repayments of such advances are netted off advances to give net advances. Advances are distinguished from other financial assets (e.g. investments) in that advances are motivated by public policy purposes while investments are motivated by liquidity management purposes and the need to earn a return. 2311 Gross advances paid Refers to advances by public authorities to private trading enterprises and private financial enterprises. Includes advances to purchasers of assets sold to private enterprises. Refers to advances by public authorities to persons, private schools, religious organisations, etc. (e.g. for housing, school building). Includes advances for the purchase of homes (e.g. Commissioner for Housing loans in the ACT), war service land settlement and occasional advances to purchasers of assets sold to persons and non-profit institutions. Refers to advances by public authorities to foreign governments and organisations. Includes subscriptions to the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the International Development Association, etc. Refers to advances by public authorities to other public sector authorities. Includes both advances from one level of government to another and advances between units at the same level of government (e.g. general government to PNFCs). Includes capital contributions and provision of funds to PFCs for re-lending to specific categories of new borrowers. 2312 Repayments of advances Refers to repayments of advances made by public authorities to private enterprises, persons and non-profit institutions, foreign governments and organisations, and other public authorities. Excludes amounts on-passed by public enterprises to their parent governments from the liquidation of assets, capital restructuring, etc. Also excludes proceeds received by government from sales to the private sector of some or all equity in public enterprises (ETF 2322). 232 Equity acquisitions, disposals and privatisations (net) Refers to the acquisition and disposal by government of shares and other equity in public and private enterprises. Also refers to proceeds received by government from sales of equity in public and private enterprises. 2321 Equity acquisitions Refers to acquisitions by government of shares and other equity in public and private enterprises. 2322 Equity disposals and privatisations Consists of proceeds received by government from disposals of some or all equity in public and private enterprises. Includes proceeds received by general government from sales of public enterprises. Also includes proceeds received by public enterprises from sales of subsidiary public enterprises. 24 CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTMENTS IN FINANCIAL ASSETS FOR LIQUIDITY MANAGEMENT PURPOSES Refers to cash flows from investments in financial assets for liquidity management purposes by government entities. 240 Increase in investments 2400 Increase in investments Investments are the creation of financial assets (through lending money) for the purpose of earning a return and managing liquidity. This makes them distinct from advances which are motivated by specific policy objectives (ETF 23). Investments included in this group are generally long term assets. Short term investments (relatively liquid) are classified to ETF 26. 25 CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES Refers to cash flows from the financing activities of government entities. Includes advances received, borrowing and deposits received. 251 Advances received (net) Refers to advances (net of repayments) received from other public authorities. See ETF 23 for definition of advances. 2511 Gross advances received Refers to the receipt of advances from other public authorities. 2512 Advances repaid Refers to the repayment by public authorities of advances from other public authorities. 252 Borrowing (net) 2520 Borrowing (net) Refers to net borrowing by public authorities from public and private bodies and individuals within Australia and from abroad. Net borrowing is gross borrowing less the repayment of past borrowing. Gross borrowing is the creation of liabilities through the sale of bonds and bills in the capital market or by raising loans through direct agreements with lenders. Gross borrowing excludes the receipt of advances from other government units (ETF 2511). Includes net borrowing from the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, net borrowing under credit arrangements with foreign governments and authorities, and the issue of stocks and bonds abroad less redemptions. In line with the current convention or practice in compiling cash flow statements, this item does not include the increase in liability or borrowing related to the initial entry into a finance lease or similar arrangement, since at this point no cash flows have actually occurred. The initial increase in liability accruing at the inception of a finance lease or similar arrangement is classified to ETF 4102 in the supplementary statement. When cash flows associated with a finance lease or similar arrangement do occur they are reflected in the cash flow statement for that period. Reduction in liability from subsequent lease repayments is split into a principal and an interest component. Repayments of lease principal are included here. Interest repayments in cash are classified to ETF 2125 (Interest paid) in the cash flow statement, and accrued interest repayments are classified to ETF 1262 (Interest expense other than nominal interest on unfunded superannuation) in the operating statement. 253 Deposits received (net) 2530 Increase in deposits received (net) Refers to the net increase in cash held by a government unit as a result of a net change to its liabilities generated by taking deposits from a private body or other government unit. Includes cash held in public accounts by Treasuries on behalf of other government units, e.g. PNFCs which operate through a trust account held in the public accounts. Also includes deposits lodged by PNFCs and other public sector units with central borrowing authorities and by private sector entities with PFCs. 259 Other financing (net) 2591 Distributions paid Refers to cash transfers by public enterprises to their parent entities and other shareholders in the form of dividends, transfer of profits or other similar distributions. 2599 Other financing (net) Refers to other financing transactions resulting in cash flows in the period. 26 NET INCREASE/(DECREASE) IN CASH HELD Cash held refers to cash on hand and cash equivalents. Cash on hand refers to notes and coins held, and deposits held at call with financial institutions. Cash equivalents refer to highly liquid investments which are readily convertible to cash on hand at the investor's option. 260 Net increase/(decrease) in cash held 2601 Funds provided for the IMF (net) Refers to subscriptions to the International Monetary Fund less receipts representing Australia’s share of revenue from the Fund’s gold disbursements. Subscriptions are Australia’s deposits of gold and currency with the IMF and the level of subscriptions determines Australia’s entitlement to borrow from the IMF. 2609 Net increase/(decrease) in cash held n.e.c. Refers to the net increase in currency and deposits of public authorities. Currency and deposits are notes and coins on hand and funds held in the form of an account with financial institutions, other government authorities, etc., which are recoverable (or transferable) on demand or on relatively short notice. Includes increases in cash and bank balances, funds lodged with Treasuries or CBAs, balances at call, and foreign cash and deposits. Also includes funds invested by public authorities for a fixed period of time (short term). Excludes net funds provided for the IMF (ETF 2601). SECTION 3: RECONCILIATION STATEMENT The reconciliation statement reconciles the operating result with net cash flows from operating activities. Note that if the complete reconciliation statement is not used, an attempt should be made to record changes in inventories in ETF 3210 below, as this is an essential national accounting requirement. 31 NON-CASH ITEMS Refers to those items that are included in the operating statement but do not relate to cash flows from operating activities. Includes provisions for depreciation and other provisions, assets acquired without cost or below fair value, and donated assets. 311 Increase in provisions for depreciation 3110 Increase in provisions for depreciation Refers to the increase in provisions for depreciation which have resulted from depreciation charges during the period. Includes amounts allowed for amortisation of leased assets. Excludes changes in the provisions for depreciation which result from disposals of depreciated assets. 312 Increase in other provisions Refers to increases in provisions other than those for depreciation and amortisation (ETF 3110). 3121 Increase in provisions for doubtful debts Refers to increases in provisions for doubtful debts (see ETF 1221). 3122 Increase in employee related provisions Refers to increases in those provisions relating to the compensation of employees. Includes increases in provisions for superannuation, long service leave and recreation leave. 3129 Increase in other provisions n.e.c. Refers to increases in provisions other than provisions for depreciation, amortisation, doubtful debts and employee related provisions. Includes increases in provisions for deferred maintenance, income tax and dividend or income transfers to government. 319 Increase in other non-cash items Refers to increases in non-cash items other than provisions. 3191 Assets acquired below fair value Refers to assets acquired below fair value. Includes gifts acquired without cost and free of liability. 3192 Assets donated Refers to assets disposed of as donations without recompense to the donor. 3199 Increase in other non-cash items n.e.c. Refers to increases in non-cash items other than provisions, assets acquired without cost and assets donated. 32 CHANGE IN ASSETS AND LIABILITIES Refers to changes in assets and liabilities related only to operating activities in the current period. 321 Change in inventories 3210 Change in inventories Refers to net increases in stock account balances and net increases in stocks of materials, stores, wool stocks, spare parts, etc. 322 Change in financial assets and liabilities 3221 Increase in payables and borrowings Refers to increases in payables and borrowings related only to operating activities. Includes increases in trading debts such as creditors accounts payable, expenses charged to operations but not yet paid (e.g. accrued wages) and prepayments received. 3222 Increase in receivables and investments Refers to increases in receivables and investments related only to operating activities. Includes increases in trading financial assets such as debtors accounts receivable and prepaid expenses. 323 Profit on sale of assets Refers to profit on sales of assets disclosed in the operating statement. 3231 Profit on sale of non-financial assets Refers to profit on sales of non-financial assets disclosed in the operating statement. 3232 Profit on sale of financial assets Refers to profit on sales of financial assets disclosed in the operating statement. 33 NET CASH FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES (TRANSFER TO CASH FLOW STATEMENT) Refers to the transfer (payment) of net cash from operating activities to the cash flow statement as a method of balancing the reconciliation statement. 330 Net cash from operating activities (transfer to cash flow statement) 3300 Net cash from operating activities (transfer to cash flow statement) Refers to the ‘payment’ of net cash from operating activities to the cash flow statement from the reconciliation statement. It is essentially an intra-unit type category used for balancing purposes. It has no direct economic or output significance. SECTION 4: SUPPLEMENTARY STATEMENT The supplementary statement identifies items of additional ‘economic’ interest which are not typically included in cash flow statements. 41 FINANCE LEASES ACQUIRED 410 Finance leases acquired Refers to assets acquired under finance leases and similar arrangements as well as assets acquired on credit. 4101 Assets acquired under finance leases Refers to leases and other arrangements which effectively transfer most of the risks and benefits associated with ownership of the leased property from the lessor to the lessee. Also includes other arrangements whereby assets are acquired on credit and which are not included in ETF 22. Assets acquired under finance leases are included as part of fixed capital expenditure for output purposes. 4102 Increase in liability due to finance leases acquired Refers to the initial increase in liability accruing at the beginning of a finance lease arrangement. Reduction in liability from subsequent lease repayments is split into a principal and an interest component. The principal is classified to ETF 2520 (Borrowing (net)) whereas interest repayments in cash are classified to ETF 2125 (Interest paid) in the cash flow statement, and accrued interest repayments are classified to ETF 1262 (Interest expense other than nominal interest on unfunded superannuation) in the operating statement. Increase in liability due to finance leases acquired is reflected as borrowing for output purposes. SECTION 5: INTRA-UNIT TRANSFERS OTHER THAN REVALUATIONS AND ACCRUED TRANSACTIONS Intra-unit transfers refer to the internal transactions that pass between the various funds and accounts of a public sector unit. They are essentially used for balancing purposes and have no direct economic or output significance. They do not appear in published government finance statistics and are used primarily for the editing of input data. 50 INTRA-UNIT TRANSFERS OTHER THAN REVALUATIONS AND ACCRUED TRANSACTIONS 500 Intra-unit transfers other than revaluations and accrued transactions 5001 Intra-unit payments Refers to payments of intra-unit transfers. 5002 Intra-unit receipts Refers to receipts of intra-unit transfers. SECTION 6: REVALUATIONS AND OTHER CHANGES IN THE VOLUME OF ASSETS Refers to changes in the value of assets, liabilities and net worth between opening and closing balance sheets that result from flows that are not transactions. Such changes are due to changes in the level and structure of prices and to factors which change the volume of assets by shifting the asset boundary. In national accounting terms, ‘flows’ consist of transaction flows and other flows. Other flows refer to revaluations and other changes in the volume of assets. In asset accounts, the opening balance plus transaction flows plus other flows equals the closing balance. 61 REVALUATIONS 610 Revaluations Revaluations are nominal holding gains that accrue during the accounting period to owners of financial and non-financial assets and liabilities. They may be either positive or negative. The nominal holding gain on an asset (or liability) is the value of the benefit accruing as a result of a change in its monetary value over time. A positive holding gain increases net worth and is due to an increase in the value of an asset or a decrease in the value of a liability. A negative holding gain decreases net worth and is due to a decrease in the value of an asset or an increase in the value of a liability. Nominal holding gains consist of neutral holding gains and real holding gains. A neutral holding gain is the value of the gain that accrues if the price of an asset changes at the same rate as the general price level. A real holding gain is the additional value that accrues if the price of an asset changes at a different rate to the general price level. Under current accounting conventions, some revaluations are taken directly to reserves while others are recognised via the operating statement. Revaluations taken directly to reserves are included here for input purposes. However, for output purposes, revaluations taken directly to reserves and revaluations recognised via the operating statement are combined and reflected as ‘revaluations and other changes’. 6101 Increase in value of land Refers to increases in the value of land due to revaluations. 6102 Increase in value of fixed assets Refers to increases in the value of fixed assets due to revaluations. 6103 Increase in value of other non-financial assets Refers to increases in the value of non-financial assets other than land or fixed assets due to revaluations. 6104 Increase in value of deposits, investments and advances Refers to increases in the value of deposits, investments and advances due to revaluations. 6105 Decrease in value of borrowings Refers to decreases in the value of borrowings due to revaluations. 6106 Decrease in value of employee related liabilities Refers to decreases in the value of employee related liabilities due to revaluations. 6107 Increase in value of other financial assets and decrease in value of other liabilities Refers to increases in the value of financial assets other than deposits, investments and advances due to revaluations. Also refers to decreases in the value of liabilities other than borrowings and employee related liabilities due to revaluations. 6109 Revaluations (contra item) Refers to the contra item to ETF 6101, ETF 6102, ETF 6103, ETF 6104, ETF 6105, ETF 6106 and ETF 6107. 62 OTHER CHANGES IN THE VOLUME OF ASSETS 620 Other changes in the volume of assets Refers to changes in assets, liabilities and net worth between opening and closing balance sheets that are not due to transaction flows nor to revaluations. 6201 Other changes in the volume of assets Refers to changes in the volume of non-financial assets and financial assets. Changes in the volume of non-financial assets are due to non-economic phenomena such as the discovery or depletion of subsoil assets, destruction by war or other political events or destruction by natural catastrophes. Changes in the volume of financial assets are due to the non-existence of even a notional liability at the time the financial asset was recognised and due to the effect of events not anticipated when the terms of financial claims were set. Includes bad debts written off unilaterally or without mutual agreement between creditor and debtor. 6202 Other changes in the volume of assets (contra item) Refers to the contra item to ETF 6201. SECTION 8: BALANCE SHEET The balance sheet is a statement of an economic entity's financial position at a specific point in time. It contains information on assets, liabilities and owners equity. 81 ASSETS Refers to probable future economic benefits obtained or controlled by an entity as a result of past transactions and activities undertaken by the entity, and other events. Includes financial assets such as deposits, loans and investments. Also includes non-financial assets such as land, buildings and inventories. 811 Cash and deposits 8110 Cash and deposits Includes: notes and coins on hand; cheques held but not yet deposited; cash and deposits in both Australian currency and foreign currency at all banks, non-bank financiers and other deposit taking institutions which are recoverable or transferable on demand; deposits placed in the short term money market (for example, grants received from the Commonwealth deposited overnight); and units issued by cash management trusts and withdrawable share capital of building societies. Excludes bank certificates of deposit and fixed deposits held with banks. 812 Investments, loans and placements 8121 Loans and placements Includes: non-negotiable, non-transferable loans, other than advances; credit foncier loans; and deferred payment schemes (re-purchase agreements). 8122 Securities Includes: promissory notes; bills of exchange; certificates of deposit; fixed term deposits; treasury notes and bonds; redeemable preference shares; debentures; long term notes; and net value of swaps and other derivatives that are in a net asset position. 813 Accounts receivable 8130 Accounts receivable (net of provisions for doubtful debts) Includes: short and long term trade credit and accounts receivable; accounts and interest receivable; and prepayments made. Accounts receivable are recorded net of provisions for bad debts. 814 Advances outstanding 8140 Advances outstanding (excludes equity) Refers to loans motivated by policy considerations rather than for liquidity management purposes. As a general rule, all loans made by general government to other government bodies (except loans made by central borrowing authorities) are deemed to be for policy purposes. Includes: long and short term loans; non-marketable debentures; and long and short term promissory agreements (bonds and bills) issued to public sector units for the purpose of achieving government policy objectives. Excludes: government equity in government owned enterprises; grants and non-repayable funds; and investment for liquidity management and income generation. 815 Equity investments 8150 Equity investments Refers to claims on other entities entitling the holder to a share of the income of the entity and a right to a share of the residual assets of the entity should it be wound up. Includes holdings of the market value of shares of listed enterprises and the market value of assets (non-financial and financial) less liabilities of unlisted enterprises. 816 Non-financial produced assets Refers to assets held by producers mainly for the purposes of production. Includes produced assets such as buildings, plant and equipment. 8161 Defence weapons platforms (net of depreciation) Refers to military vehicles and equipment designed to launch weapons of destruction. Includes warships, submarines, military aircraft, tanks, missile carriers and launchers. Excludes missiles, rockets and bombs. 8162 Buildings (net of depreciation) Includes dwellings and non-residential buildings. 8163 Other construction/infrastructure (net of depreciation) Includes railways, roads, bridges, tunnels, airports, harbours, pipelines, dams and the like. 8164 Plant and equipment (net of depreciation) Includes machinery and equipment. 8165 Cultivated assets Includes breeding livestock, vineyards, orchards and plantations. 8166 Intangible produced assets Includes mineral exploration, computer software and artistic originals. 8167 Inventories of weapons and weapons platforms Includes stocks of and parts for defence weapons platforms. Refers to both finished and unfinished goods. 8168 Other inventories Includes materials and supplies, work in progress, finished goods and goods for resale. 8169 Valuables Includes precious metals and stones, antiques and objects of art. 817 Non-financial non-produced assets Refers to assets held by producers mainly for the purposes of production. Includes non-produced assets such as land and cultivated forests. 8171 Land Includes land and subsoil assets such as mineral deposits. 8172 Non-cultivated biological resources and water resources Includes non-cultivated resources such as virgin forests, fishing grounds and natural water resources. 8173 Intangible non-produced assets Includes patents, copyrights and goodwill. 819 Other assets 8190 Other assets Includes assets not elsewhere classifiable under ETF 81. 82 LIABILITIES Refers to the financial obligations of an entity to creditors or other parties. Includes deposits held, borrowings, accounts payable and certain provisions. 821 Deposits held 8211 Currency on issue Refers to coins on issue from the Commonwealth Treasury and notes on issue from the Reserve Bank of Australia. 8212 Other deposits held Includes holdings of cash balances or deposits from other public sector or private sector bodies including trust accounts held on behalf of other public sector or private bodies. Excludes employee superannuation trust fund balances or any trust balances held to reduce employee entitlement liability. 822 Proceeds from advances 8220 Proceeds from advances Includes loans received from government authorities for policy purposes rather than income generation/liquidity management. Excludes loans from all financial authorities; and grants and non-repayable funds received. 823 Borrowing Refers to the creation of liabilities through direct agreements with lenders, the sale of securities and finance lease arrangements. 8231 Finance leases Includes lease arrangements in which most of the risks and benefits of ownership rest with the lessee. Includes all leases defined as finance leases under AAS 17, but can include others where the economic effect is the same as a finance lease. Excludes operating leases. In a situation where a gain on a finance lease has occurred, and it is viewed by the enterprise as a deferred asset, this should be treated as ‘negative’ borrowing and netted off against the lease liability. 8232 Loans Refers to proceeds from foreign and domestic borrowing. Includes: bank overdrafts; long and short term loans in both Australian currency and foreign currency; credit foncier loans; and deferred payment schemes (re-purchase agreements). 8233 Securities Includes: promissory notes; bills of exchange; certificates of deposit; fixed term deposits; treasury notes and bonds; debentures; long term notes; net value of swaps and other derivatives in a net liability position. 824 Accounts payable 8240 Accounts payable Includes short and long term trade debt and accounts payable; accounts and interest payable; and prepayments received. 825 Provisions Refers to provisions which are in the nature of liabilities. Excludes provisions which are in the nature of reserves and which do not meet the definition of liabilities, e.g. provision for future losses and provision for self-insurance. 8251 Provisions for unfunded superannuation Refers to the superannuation liability accrued under unfunded schemes. 8252 Provisions for other employee entitlements Refers to employers’ liability to pay future benefits other than for superannuation. Includes: liability for sick leave paid on resignation or retirement; recreation leave; long service leave; workers’ compensation (where benefits are paid by an employer and not a separate insurer); and accrued wages and salaries. 8259 Other provisions Refers to provisions other than those for employee entitlements. Includes provisions for income tax and dividends if the underlying amounts are liabilities of the entity. Excludes provisions for bad debts. 829 Other liabilities 8290 Other liabilities Includes liabilities not elsewhere classifiable under ETF 82. 83 CAPITAL, RETAINED EARNINGS AND RESERVES Refers to the interest of shareholders or other owners in the net assets of a public enterprise. Also called owner’s equity or shareholder’s equity. 831 Shares and other contributed capital 8310 Shares and other contributed capital Refers to claims on the residual value of public enterprises after the claims of all creditors have been extinguished. Dividends and other income arising from such claims are not predetermined or fixed. This item includes the paid up value of shares on issue of listed public enterprises. It also includes the value of paid up or contributed capital of unlisted public enterprises. 839 Retained earnings and reserves 8390 Retained earnings and reserves This item refers to retained earnings and reserves of public entities. GOVERNMENT PURPOSE CLASSIFICATION EXPANDED GOVERNMENT PURPOSE CLASSIFICATION
DETAILED GOVERNMENT PURPOSE CLASSIFICATION 21 GENERAL PUBLIC SERVICES 211 Government superannuation benefits 2110 Government superannuation benefits Includes outlays on:
Excludes outlays on:
219 Other general public services 2191 General research Outlays on administration, support, operation, etc. of research directed towards the increase in scientific knowledge or discovery of new fields of investigation, not connected with a specific function. Includes outlays on:
Excludes outlays on applied research which is undertaken with a specific purpose in mind; for example, applied research into plant diseases or other destructive agents classified to GPC 3014. 2199 General public services n.e.c. Outlays on administration, support, regulation, research, operation, etc. of general public services. General public services include legislative and executive affairs, financial and fiscal affairs, external affairs, foreign economic aid, general research and general services. Legislative and executive affairs Includes outlays on:
Excludes outlays on ministerial departments, local government offices and inter-departmental committees concerned with a specific function. Financial and fiscal affairs Includes outlays on:
Excludes outlays on:
External affairs Includes outlays on:
Excludes outlays on:
Foreign economic aid Includes outlays on:
Excludes outlays on:
General services Includes outlays on:
Excludes outlays on personnel and other general services connected with a specific function. 22 DEFENCE 220 Defence 2200 Defence Outlays on administration, supervision, operation and support of military and civil defence affairs, foreign military aid and defence research. Military and civil defence affairs Includes outlays on:
Excludes outlays on:
Foreign military aid Includes outlays on:
Defence research Includes outlays on:
23 PUBLIC ORDER AND SAFETY 231 Police and fire protection services 2311 Police services Outlays on all activities concerned with the prevention of illegal activities and apprehension of criminals. Includes outlays on:
2312 Fire protection services Includes outlays on:
Excludes outlays on forest fire protection services classified to GPC 3021. 232 Law courts and legal services 2320 Law courts and legal services Outlays on legal representation and advice on behalf of the government and others. Includes outlays on:
Excludes outlays on:
233 Prisons and corrective services 2331 Juvenile corrective services Includes outlays on:
Excludes outlays on residential child care institutions that are not places of secure detention, such as juvenile hostels, family group homes, campus homes, etc. classified to GPC 2621. 2339 Prisons and other corrective services Includes outlays on:
Excludes outlays on juvenile corrective services classified to GPC 2331. 239 Other public order and safety 2391 Control of domestic animals and livestock Includes outlays on programs relating to the control of animals such as dog registration, pounds, control of stray cattle and associated veterinary costs. 2399 Other public order and safety Includes outlays on:
Excludes outlays on road safety classified to GPC 3219. 24 EDUCATION 241 Primary and secondary education 2411 Primary education Outlays on administration, inspection, support, operation, etc. of educational programs that provide a sound knowledge of reading, writing and simple mathematics and an elementary knowledge of other subjects for children from ages 5 to 7 until ages 10 to 12. Includes outlays on special education programs integrated into mainstream primary education. Excludes outlays on:
2412 Secondary education Outlays on administration, inspection, support, operation, etc. of educational programs that extend primary programs on a more subject-oriented pattern for a period of 4 to 6 years. Some vocational and technical training may occur particularly in the final years. Includes outlays on:
Excludes outlays on:
2419 Primary and secondary education n.e.c. Outlays on administration, inspection, support, operation, etc. of primary and secondary educational programs that cannot be assigned to any of the preceding subgroups. Excludes outlays on:
242 Tertiary education 2421 University education Outlays on administration, inspection, support, operation, etc. of educational programs leading to a university first degree, post-graduate degree or other higher qualifications. Entry generally requires matriculation at secondary level or equivalent. Excludes outlays on: transportation services to university students classified to GPC 244. 2422 Technical and further education Outlays on administration, inspection, support, operation, etc. of educational programs in music, fine arts and design; courses designed to meet specific requirements of industry and commerce; and, non-vocational courses offered by colleges of technical and further education. Entry may not require matriculation at secondary level or equivalent. Excludes outlays on:
2429 Tertiary education n.e.c. Outlays on administration, inspection, support, operation, etc. of educational programs provided by tertiary institutions n.e.c. which normally require completion of high school or equivalent as a minimum standard of entry. Excludes outlays on:
243 Preschool education and education not definable by level 2431 Preschool education Outlays on administration, inspection, support, operation, etc. of preschool education programs for children up to 5 years of age delivered in a school-type environment designed to bridge the gap between home and school atmosphere. Includes outlays on:
Excludes outlays on:
2432 Special education Outlays on administration, inspection, support, operation, etc. of special education programs provided by special schools. Includes outlays on:
Excludes outlays on:
2439 Other education not definable by level Outlays on administration, inspection, support, operation, etc. of educational programs which are not definable by level. Includes outlays on:
244 Transportation of students 2441 Transportation of non-urban school students Outlays on administration, inspection, support, etc. of transportation services to non-urban (rural) school students. Includes outlays on:
Urban areas in each state include the capital city and the commuter population areas for the capital city. Non-urban areas in each state are residual to the urban areas. Data on transport services are sourced from the financial statements of transport authorities which usually specialise in providing either wholly/predominantly urban or wholly/predominantly non-urban services. Depending on the areas serviced by these authorities, some overlap between the urban/non-urban distinction may be unavoidable. 2449 Transportation of other students Outlays on administration, inspection, support, etc. of transportation services to students other than non-urban school children. Includes outlays on:
Excludes outlays on transportation services to non-urban school children classified to GPC 2441. 249 Education n.e.c. 2490 Education n.e.c. Outlays on education affairs and services that cannot be assigned to one of the four preceding groups of GPC 24. 25 HEALTH 251 Acute care institutions This subgroup comprises all activities of acute care hospitals, free-standing hospices, alcohol and drug treatment centres, and same-day establishments except activities involving health research and formal health education. Acute care hospitals are defined in the National Health Data Dictionary (NHDD) as ‘establishments which provide at least minimal medical, surgical or obstetric services for inpatient treatment and/or care, and which provide round-the-clock comprehensive qualified nursing services as well as other necessary professional services. They must be licensed by the State health departments, or controlled by government departments. Most of the patients have acute conditions or temporary ailments and the average stay per admission is relatively short. Hospitals specialising in dental, ophthalmic aids and other specialised medical or surgical care are included in this category’. Alcohol and drug treatment centres are free-standing centres for the treatment of drug dependence on an in-patient basis. Same day establishments include day centre/hospitals and free-standing day surgery centres. 2511 Designated psychiatric units Includes outlays on care in designated psychiatric units in acute care institutions. 2512 Nursing home type patient care Includes outlays on care of nursing home type patients in acute care institutions (as defined by the Health Insurance Act). 2513 Other admitted patients Includes outlays on all admitted patient services not included in GPC 2511 and GPC 2512 above. 2514 Non-admitted patient services in acute care institutions Includes outlays on accident and emergency services, outpatient clinics, dental clinics, outreach services, community health services and other services provided by acute care institutions not included in GPC 2511, GPC 2512, GPC 2513 and GPC 2571. 2519 Acute care institutions (temporary dump) This category is intended to record expenditures which for reasons of data unavailability at the time of coding, cannot be classified to GPCs 2511 to 2514 above in some jurisdictions. The use of this category should be minimised and amounts recoded to their substantive 4-digit categories when the necessary details are available. 252 Mental health institutions 2520 Mental health institutions Includes outlays on psychiatric hospitals and psycho-geriatric nursing homes. The NHDD defines psychiatric hospitals as ‘establishments devoted primarily to the treatment and care of in-patients with psychiatric, mental or behavioural disorders’. 253 Nursing homes for the aged 2530 Nursing homes for the aged Includes outlays on nursing homes which provide long-term care involving regular basic nursing care primarily for persons aged 65 years and over. Some young disabled persons are cared for by these nursing homes, but the focus of the nursing home is care for older persons. Some of these institutions are located with acute care institutions. Excluded are outlays on:
254 Community health services 2541 Community health services (excluding community mental health) Includes outlays on
Also includes Commonwealth subsidies for services of private medical and private dental practitioners and optometrists through Medicare and other programs. Excludes outlays on:
2542 Community mental health Outlays on specialised mental health programs for the mentally ill treated in a community setting. Includes outlays on:
Excludes outlays on:
2543 Patient transport Includes outlays on:
255 Public health services 2550 Public health services Outlays on public health services consisting of population health service programs and preventive health service programs. Population health service programs are defined as those programs which aim to protect, promote and/or restore the collective health of whole or specific populations (as distinct from activities directed to the care of individuals). Includes outlays on:
Preventive health service programs are those programs which have the aim of preventing disease. Includes outlays on:
256 Pharmaceuticals, medical aids and appliances 2560 Pharmaceuticals, medical aids and appliances Includes outlays on:
Excludes outlays on prostheses used in operations. 257 Health research 2571 Health research in acute care institutions Includes outlays on:
2579 Other health research Includes outlays on:
Excludes outlays on research undertaken in acute care institutions classified to GPC 2571. 259 Health administration n.e.c. 2590 Health administration n.e.c. Outlays on administration, support, operation, etc. of health affairs and services that cannot be assigned to one of the preceding subgroups. Includes outlays on:
26 SOCIAL SECURITY AND WELFARE 261 Social security Social security services are defined as chiefly transfer payments (including payments in kind) to compensate for reduction or loss of income or inadequate earning capacity. 2611 Sickness benefits Pensions and other benefits paid to persons who are sick and thereby suffer loss of income due to work incapacity. Includes outlays on:
Excludes outlays on:
2612 Benefits to ex-service personnel and their dependants Pensions and other benefits paid to ex-service personnel to compensate for invalidity and other permanent disablement resulting from service in the defence forces, and to war widows and war orphans. Includes outlays on:
Excludes outlays on:
2613 Permanent disability benefits Disability service pensions and other benefits paid to compensate for the permanent loss of income due to full or partial disablement. Includes outlays on payments to chronically ill and disabled persons. Excludes outlays on:
2614 Old age benefits Payments of old age pensions. Excludes outlays on:
2615 Widows, deserted wives, divorcees and orphans benefits Pensions and other benefits paid to widows, deserted wives and divorcees that are not made on the grounds of the need to support a dependent child. Pensions and other benefits paid where both parents of a child are deceased or if the whereabouts of a sole surviving parent is unknown. Includes outlays on class B and C widows pensions and orphans pensions. Excludes outlays on:
2616 Unemployment benefits Unemployment benefits paid to compensate for loss of income due to unemployment. Excludes outlays on:
2617 Family and child benefits Income assistance paid to families irrespective of whether anyone in the household is earning an income. Includes payments to:
Excludes payments to:
2618 Sole parents benefits Income assistance payments to single parent households with dependent children. Includes:
Excludes:
2619 Social security n.e.c. Outlays on administration, provision, support, operation, etc. of social security affairs that cannot be assigned to one of the preceding sub-groups of GPC 261, including administration costs that can be separated from the provision of welfare services. Includes:
Also includes outlays by departments, bureaux or program units which serve the social security system including those that disseminate information, prepare budgets and conduct or support research into social security affairs. Excludes outlays on student transport concessions which are considered to be education outlays and are classified to GPC 244. 262 Welfare services Welfare services are defined as assistance delivered to clients, or groups of clients with special needs such as the young, the aged or the disabled. 2621 Family and child welfare services Child care services and services for children which are developmental in nature Includes outlays on:
Child, youth and family welfare services which are protective (children), developmental (youth), and supportive (families) in nature Includes outlays on:
2622 Welfare services for the aged Welfare services for the aged are programs providing services primarily intended for persons aged 65 and over. Includes outlays on:
Excludes outlays on nursing homes for the aged which are classified to GPC 2530. 2623 Welfare services for people with a disability Include outlays on:
2629 Welfare services n.e.c. Includes outlays on:
269 Social security and welfare n.e.c. 2690 Social security and welfare n.e.c. Outlays on administration, inspection, support, operation, etc. of both social security and welfare affairs and services that cannot be assigned to one of the two preceding groups of major group 26, including administration costs that cannot be classified to either social security or welfare affairs. Includes:
27 HOUSING AND COMMUNITY AMENITIES 271 Housing and community development 2711 Housing Outlays on administration, provision, support, operation, etc. of housing affairs and services. Includes outlays on:
Excludes outlays on:
2712 Aboriginal community development Outlays on administration, provision, support, operation, etc. of Aboriginal community development. Aboriginal communities are those which have a predominantly indigenous population and where tribal ways and traditional roles are maintained. They are usually remote from major service centres and include communities on Aboriginal land and within pastoral leases, reserves, town camps and transit camps. 2719 Other community development Outlays on administration, provision, support, operation, etc. of overall community development mainly concerned with the planning of new or rehabilitated communities with the aim of improving the quality of life. Includes outlays on
Excludes outlays on:
272 Water supply 2721 Aboriginal community water supply Outlays on administration, regulation, research, support, etc. of Aboriginal community water supply services. Aboriginal communities are those which have a predominantly indigenous population and where tribal ways and traditional roles are maintained. They are usually remote from major service centres and include communities on Aboriginal land and within pastoral leases, reserves, town camps and transit camps. 2729 Other water supply Outlays on administration, regulation, research, support, etc. of water supply services other than for Aboriginal communities. Includes outlays on:
Excludes outlays on:
273 Sanitation and protection of the environment 2731 Aboriginal community sanitation services Covers outlays on administration, regulation, support, etc. of Aboriginal community sanitation services. Aboriginal communities are those which have a predominantly indigenous population and where tribal ways and traditional roles are maintained. They are usually remote from major service centres and include communities on Aboriginal land and within pastoral leases, reserves, town camps and transit camps. 2739 Other sanitation and protection of the environment n.e.c. Covers outlays on administration, regulation, support, etc. of household garbage collection and disposal services, other sanitary services, sewerage collection, sewerage treatment and disposal operations, urban stormwater drainage services, pollution abatement and control, and other environmental protection programs. Includes outlays on:
Excludes outlays on:
279 Other community amenities 2791 Aboriginal community amenities Covers outlays on administration, provision, operation, etc. of Aboriginal community amenities. Aboriginal communities are those which have a predominantly indigenous population and where tribal ways and traditional roles are maintained. They are usually remote from major service centres and include communities on Aboriginal land and within pastoral leases, reserves, town camps and transit camps. 2799 Other community amenities Covers outlays on administration, provision, operation, etc. of street lighting and other community amenities that cannot be assigned to one of the preceding subgroups of major group GPC 27. Includes outlays on:
Excludes outlays on:
28 RECREATION AND CULTURE 281 Recreational facilities and services 2811 National parks and wildlife Covers outlays on administration, regulation, support, provision, operation, etc. of national parks and wildlife services. Includes outlays on aspects of the national estate such as historic houses and sites which are part of national parks and wildlife services. 2819 Recreational facilities and services n.e.c. Covers outlays on administration, regulation, support, provision, operation, etc. of public halls and civic centres, swimming pools (both indoor and outdoor) and other recreational swimming areas, and other recreational facilities and services. Includes outlays on:
Excludes outlays on:
282 Cultural facilities and services 2820 Cultural facilities and services Outlays on administration, support, provision, operation, etc. of libraries open to the public, facilities and services for the creative and performing arts, museums which store and exhibit objects illustrating antiquities, natural history, etc., art galleries, and other cultural facilities and services. Includes outlays on:
Excludes outlays on:
283 Broadcasting and film production 2830 Broadcasting and film production Outlays on administration, regulation, support, provision, operation, etc. of broadcasting services and film production. Includes outlays on:
support of film production. Excludes outlays on support of cultural activities intended for distribution overseas classified to GPC 2199. 289 Recreation and culture n.e.c. 2890 Recreation and culture n.e.c. Outlays on administration, support, provision, operation, etc. of recreational and cultural affairs and services that cannot be assigned to one of the preceding subgroups of major group GPC 28. 29 FUEL AND ENERGY 291 Fuel affairs and services 2911 Coal Outlays on administration, regulation, planning, support, operation, etc. of solid mineral fuel affairs and services which concern coal of all grades, lignite and peat irrespective of the method used in their extraction, as well as conversion of these fuels to other forms such as coke or gas. Includes outlays on:
2912 Petroleum Outlays on administration, regulation, planning, support, operation, etc. of petroleum affairs and services which concern oil from wells or other sources such as shale. Includes outlays on:
Excludes outlays on transportation of petroleum classified to the appropriate subgroup of GPC 32. 2913 Gas Outlays on administration, regulation, planning, support, operation, etc. of gas affairs and services which concern natural gas, liquefied petroleum gases and refinery gases. Includes outlays on:
Excludes outlays on transportation of gas classified to the appropriate subgroup of GPC 32. 2914 Nuclear affairs Outlays on administration, regulation, planning, support, operation, etc. of nuclear affairs and services which cover extraction as well as processing of fissionable and fertile materials and manufacture of fuel elements. Includes outlays on:
Excludes outlays on radioactive wastes classified to GPC 2739. 2919.Fuel affairs and services n.e.c. Outlays on administration, regulation, planning, support, operation, etc. of fuel affairs and services that cannot be assigned to one of the preceding sub-groups of GPC 291. Includes outlays on alternative fuels such as alcohol, wood and wood wastes. 292 Electricity and other energy 2921 Aboriginal community electricity services Outlays on administration, provision, support, operation, etc. of Aboriginal community electricity services. Aboriginal communities are those which have a predominantly indigenous population and where tribal ways and traditional roles are maintained. They are usually remote from major service centres and include communities on Aboriginal land and within pastoral leases, reserves, town camps and transit camps. 2922 Other electricity Outlays on administration, regulation, planning, support, operation, etc. of other electricity affairs and services which concern conventional sources of electricity such as thermal, nuclear or hydro supplies, and nonconventional sources such as electricity from wind or solar heat. Includes outlays on:
Excludes outlays on electricity services to Aboriginal communities which are classified to GPC 2921. 2929 Other energy Outlays on administration, regulation, planning, support, operation, etc. of energy affairs and services other than electricity. This mainly concerns the production of heat in the form of steam, hot water or hot air such as solar heat not used for the generation of electricity. Includes outlays on:
299 Fuel and energy n.e.c. 2990 Fuel and energy n.e.c. Outlays on administration, regulation, planning, support, operation, etc. of fuel and energy affairs and services that cannot be assigned to one of the two preceding groups of GPC 29. Includes outlays on measures designed to reduce consumption or increase production of both fuel and energy (for example, the National Energy Conservation Program). 30 AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, FISHING AND HUNTING 301 Agriculture 3011 Agricultural land management Outlays on administration, regulation, planning, support, management, etc. of agricultural land in general. Includes outlays on:
Excludes outlays on:
3012 Agricultural water resources management Outlays on administration, regulation, planning, support, management, etc. of agriculture water resources. Includes outlays on:
3013 Agricultural support schemes Outlays on administration, regulation, support, etc. of agricultural affairs designed to stabilise or improve farm prices and farmers’ incomes. Includes outlays on:
3014 Agricultural research and extension services Outlays on administration, regulation, support, operation, etc. of agricultural research and extension services. Includes research into:
Agricultural extension services mainly involve the dissemination of knowledge with the principal aim of increasing productivity, improving quality of products, conserving land and reducing labour or other costs. 3019 Agriculture n.e.c. Outlays on administration, regulation, support, operation, etc. of agricultural affairs that cannot be assigned to one of the preceding subgroups of GPC 301. 302 Forestry, fishing and hunting 3021 Forestry Outlays on administration, regulation, preservation, exploitation and management, etc. of timber resources. Includes outlays on:
3022 Fishing Outlays on administration, regulation, preservation, exploitation and management, etc. of commercial fishing. Fishing covers freshwater, ocean and coastal fishing and fish farming. Includes outlays on:
Excludes outlays on sport fishing classified to GPC 2819. 3023 Hunting Outlays on administration, regulation, preservation, exploitation and management, etc. of hunting. Hunting covers the taking of wildlife and animal propagation, protection and preservation. Includes outlays on:
Excludes outlays on sport hunting classified to GPC 2819. 31 MINING AND MINERAL RESOURCES OTHER THAN FUELS; MANUFACTURING; AND CONSTRUCTION 311 Mining and mineral resources other than fuels 3110 Mining and mineral resources other than fuels Outlays on administration, regulation, inspection, research, support, operation, etc. of activities relating to prospecting, mining and mineral resources development. In addition to metal bearing minerals, these activities cover sand, clay and stone, chemical and fertiliser minerals, salt, gemstones, asbestos and gypsum. Includes outlays on advances and bounties to foster mineral developments and production. Excludes outlays on all activities relating to mineral fuels classified to major group GPC 29. 312 Manufacturing 3120 Manufacturing Outlays on administration, planning, support, regulation, inspection, promotion, operation, etc. of manufacturing activities and research into manufacturing methods, materials and industrial management. Includes outlays on:
Excludes outlays on manufacturing relating to the production of fuel and energy (for example, petroleum and gas refineries, coal processing or nuclear fuel industries) classified to major group GPC 29. 313 Construction 3130 Construction Outlays on administration, planning, support, regulation, inspection, research, promotion, etc. of the building and construction industry. Includes outlays on:
Excludes outlays on specific building and construction projects such as dwellings, factories, roads, mines, farm buildings and so forth classified to the appropriate purpose category. 32 TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATIONS 321 Road transport Outlays on administration, regulation, support, operation, etc. of road and highway construction affairs, road and highway maintenance affairs, both off and on street parking, and other road transport affairs and services. Includes outlays on:
Excludes outlays on:
3211 Aboriginal community road transport services Outlays on administration, regulation, support, operation, etc. of road transport affairs and services in Aboriginal communities. Aboriginal communities are those which have a predominantly indigenous population and where tribal ways and traditional roles are maintained. They are usually remote from major service centres and include communities on Aboriginal land and within pastoral leases, reserves, town camps and transit camps. 3212 Road maintenance Outlays on servicing and operating the road system, road pavement and shoulder maintenance, and bridge maintenance and rehabilitation. Relates to National Roads Transport Commission (NRTC) expenditure reporting categories A, B and C. 3213 Road rehabilitation Outlays on reinstating failed road pavements to existing standards to improve the ride quality without improving the design standard. Relates to NRTC expenditure reporting category D. 3214 Road construction Outlays on improving the design standard of existing roadways and bridges, building new roadways and bridges, land acquisition, earthworks, and other extensions and improvements to road systems. Relates to NRTC expenditure reporting category F. 3219 Road transport n.e.c. Outlays on safety and traffic improvements, and miscellaneous road transport activities. Relates to NRTC expenditure reporting categories E and G. 322 Water transport Outlays on administration, planning, construction, regulation, operation, etc. of water transport facilities and inland, coastal and ocean passenger and freight water transport affairs and services. Includes outlays on:
Excludes outlays on:
Urban areas in each state include the capital city and the commuter population areas for the capital city. Non-urban areas in each state are residual to the urban areas. Data on transport services are sourced from the financial statements of transport authorities which usually specialise in providing either wholly/predominantly urban or wholly/predominantly non-urban services. Depending on the areas serviced by these authorities, some overlap between the urban/non-urban distinction may be unavoidable. 3221 Aboriginal community water transport services Outlays on administration, planning, construction, regulation, operation, etc. of water transport facilities, affairs and services in Aboriginal communities. Aboriginal communities are those which have a predominantly indigenous population and where tribal ways and traditional roles are maintained. They are usually remote from major service centres and include communities on Aboriginal land and within pastoral leases, reserves, town camps and transit camps. 3222 Urban water transport services Outlays on administration, planning, construction, regulation, operation, etc. of passenger and freight water transport facilities, affairs and services in urban areas. 3223 Non-urban water transport freight services Outlays on administration, planning, construction, regulation, operation, etc. of freight water transport facilities, affairs and services in non-urban areas. 3224 Non-urban water transport passenger services Outlays on administration, planning, construction, regulation, operation, etc. of passenger water transport facilities, affairs and services in non-urban areas. 323 Rail transport Outlays on administration, planning, construction, regulation, operation, etc. of rail transport facilities and long-haul, inter-urban and urban rapid transit railway affairs and services. Includes outlays on:
Excludes outlays on:
Urban areas in each state include the capital city and the commuter population areas for the capital city. Non-urban areas in each state are residual to the urban areas. Data on transport services are sourced from the financial statements of transport authorities which usually specialise in providing either wholly/predominantly urban or wholly/predominantly non-urban services. Depending on the areas serviced by these authorities, some overlap between the urban/non-urban distinction may be unavoidable. 3231 Urban rail transport services Outlays on administration, planning, construction, regulation, operation, etc. of urban passenger and freight rail transport facilities, affairs and services. 3232 Non-urban rail transport freight services Outlays on administration, planning, construction, regulation, operation, etc. of non-urban rail transport freight facilities, affairs and services. 3233 Non-urban rail transport passenger services Outlays on administration, planning, construction, regulation, operation, etc. of non-urban rail transport passenger facilities, affairs and services. 324 Air transport Outlays on administration, construction, planning, support, operations, etc. of air transport facilities, air traffic control, passenger and freight services and controls on aircraft operation. Includes outlays on:
Excludes outlays on:
3241 Aboriginal community air transport services Outlays on administration, construction, planning, support, operations, etc. of air transport facilities and services in Aboriginal communities. Aboriginal communities are those which have a predominantly indigenous population and where tribal ways and traditional roles are maintained. They are usually remote from major service centres and include communities on Aboriginal land and within pastoral leases, reserves, town camps and transit camps. 3249 Other air transport services Outlays on administration, construction, planning, support, operations, etc. of air transport facilities, air traffic control, passenger and freight services and controls on aircraft operation. Excludes outlays on Aboriginal community air transport services classified to GPC 3241. 325 Pipelines 3250 Pipelines Outlays on administration, construction, operation, etc. of pipelines. Includes outlays on:
328 Other transport 3281 Multi-mode urban transit systems. Outlays on administration, provision, support, regulation, operation, etc. of public transport systems where road, rail and ferry transport outlays cannot be separated. Includes outlays on:
Excludes outlays that can be classified to a specific transport mode. 3289 Other transport n.e.c. Outlays on administration, regulation, support, operation, etc. of transport affairs and services that cannot be assigned to one of the preceding subgroups in major group GPC 32. 329 Communications 3290 Communications Outlays on administration, provision, construction, regulation, operation, etc. of communication affairs and services including postal, telephone, telegraph, cable and wireless communication systems and communication satellites. Includes outlays on:
Excludes outlays on:
33 OTHER ECONOMIC AFFAIRS 331 Storage, saleyards and markets 3310 Storage, saleyards and markets Outlays on administration, planning, licensing, support, regulation, inspection, construction, maintenance, operation, etc. of storage and warehousing Includes outlays on:
Excludes outlays on development and monitoring of regulations concerning sales practices, labelling of packaged food and other goods intended for household consumption classified to GPC 3390. Outlays on administration, planning, licensing, support, regulation, inspection, construction, maintenance, operation, etc. of yards and markets where sales of rural produce, livestock and other goods are conducted Includes outlays on fishmarkets, produce markets and saleyards. Excludes outlays on development and monitoring of regulations concerning sales practices, labelling of packaged food and other goods intended for household consumption classified to GPC 3390. 332 Tourism and area promotion 3320 Tourism and area promotion Outlays on administration, regulation, planning, development, research, support, operation, etc. of tourism and area promotion to attract tourists. Also covers local government promotion to attract development. Includes outlays on:
Excludes outlays on national parks and wildlife services classified to GPC 2811. 333 Labour and employment affairs 3331 Vocational training Outlays on administration, support, regulation, research, etc. of training programs such as apprenticeship schemes designed to facilitate entry into the workforce of people currently not employed or in need of retraining. Excludes outlays on training programs provided by TAFE institutions classified to GPC 2422. 3339 Other labour and employment affairs Outlays on administration, support, regulation, research, etc. of other labour and employment affairs. Includes outlays on:
Excludes outlays on:
339 Other economic affairs n.e.c. 3390 Other economic affairs n.e.c. Outlays on administration, regulation, promotion, research, operation, etc. of distributive trades Includes outlays on:
Excludes outlays on:
Outlays relating to the hotel industry Includes outlays on:
Outlays on administration, regulation, promotion, support, research, operation, etc. of general economic and commercial services Includes outlays on:
Excludes outlays on economic and commercial services classified to a particular industry. Outlays relating to other economic affairs and services n.e.c. 34 OTHER PURPOSES 341 Public debt transactions 3410 Public debt transactions Outlays on underwriting and floating of government loans and interest payments, including interest on government securities or under special credit arrangements with other countries. Excludes outlays on administrative costs of public debt management classified to GPC 2199. 342 General purpose inter-government transactions 3420 General purpose inter-government transactions Grants, advances or other inter-government transactions that cannot be allocated to purpose. 343 Natural disaster relief 3431 Drought relief Outlays on administration, planning, support, provision, etc. of programs concerned with the immediate relief of victims of drought. 3439 Other natural disaster relief Outlays on administration, planning, support, provision, etc. of programs concerned with the immediate relief of victims of fires, floods, cyclones and other natural disasters, and with the initial restoration of community services and facilities. Includes outlays on food, materials, equipment, etc. used in connection with natural disasters. Excludes outlays on:
349 Other purposes n.e.c. 3490 Other purposes n.e.c. Outlays that cannot be assigned to one of the major groups GPC 21 to GPC 33 and the preceding sub-groups of GPC 34. Includes transactions relating to plant and equipment which cannot be classified to specific purposes and residual items (such as the cost of works on private land, purchases of land and buildings, the rent of premises, works depots and engineering and employment overheads) that cannot be classified to purpose. TAXES CLASSIFICATION EXPANDED TAXES CLASSIFICATION
DETAILED TAXES CLASSIFICATION 1 TAXES ON INCOME, PROFITS AND CAPITAL GAINS 11 Income and capital gains taxes levied on individuals Covers taxes levied on the net income of, and capital gains made by, resident households, individual proprietorships and partnerships. 111 Personal income tax Covers taxes levied on the net income or profits (i.e. gross income minus allowable tax deductions) of individuals. 112 Government health insurance levy A tax on the income of taxpayers, without other health insurance cover, to finance the payment of Commonwealth medical and hospital benefits (Medibank in operation during the period 1 October 1976 to 1 November 1978, Medicare from 1 February 1984). 113 Mining withholding tax Covers income tax on royalty payments made after 30 June 1979 to Aboriginals and Aboriginal groups and bodies in respect of mining and exploration activities on Aboriginal land. Whilst the liability for the tax rests with the Aboriginals, the tax payable is deducted from the mining royalty payments and paid directly by the mining companies involved. 114 Capital gains tax on individuals Refers to taxes levied on capital gains made by resident households, individual proprietorships and partnerships. 115 Prescribed payments by individuals Covers taxes collected from individuals by the Commonwealth under the Prescribed Payments System. 119 Other income tax levied on individuals Includes amounts collected from non-custodial parents under child support legislation. 12 Income and capital gains taxes levied on enterprises Covers taxes levied on the net profits and capital gains made by resident trading and financial enterprises. Excluded are taxes assessed on gross sales or turnover. 121 Company income tax Covers taxes levied on the net income or profits (i.e. gross income minus allowable tax deductions) of companies. 122 Income tax paid by superannuation funds Covers taxes levied on the profits made by superannuation funds. The tax varies according to the portfolio mix chosen by the fund. Superannuation funds investing in government securities are subject to lower tax assessment and may be exempt under certain circumstances. 123 Capital gains taxes on enterprises Refers to taxes levied on capital gains which form part of the taxable income of trading and financial enterprises. 124 Prescribed payments by enterprises Covers taxes collected from enterprises by the Commonwealth under the Prescribed Payments System. 13 Income taxes levied on non-residents Covers taxes specifically levied on non-residents (either individuals or corporations) on income derived in Australia. 131 Dividend withholding tax Covers taxation payments by companies levied on dividends accruing to non-residents of Australia. 132 Interest withholding tax Covers taxation payments by companies levied on interest accruing to non-residents of Australia. 133 Other income tax levied on non-residents Covers income taxes levied on non-residents other than dividend and interest withholding taxes. 2 TAXES ON EMPLOYERS’ PAYROLL AND LABOUR FORCE This group covers taxes collected from employers, levied either as a proportion of payroll or as a fixed amount per person employed. 21 General payroll taxes 211 Payroll taxes Covers payroll taxes levied on a broad range of industries. 22 Selective payroll taxes 221 Stevedoring industry charges Covers payroll taxes levied on particular industries. 23 Other employers’ labour force taxes 231 Fringe benefits tax Covers taxes collected from employers in relation to fringe benefits accruing to employees. 232 Superannuation guarantee charge Covers charges paid by employers under the Superannuation Guarantee Charge Act 1992. 3 TAXES ON PROPERTY Covers taxes on the use or ownership of property, and taxes on property transfers. 31 Taxes on immovable property Covers taxes levied in respect of the use or ownership of immovable property. The tax is calculated as a percentage of assessed property value, which may take into account the value of land and improvements, and is based on a notional rental income, estimated sale price, or capitalised yield. Other characteristics of real property, such as size or location, can also be used to derive a rent or capital value. These taxes may be levied on proprietors, tenants, or both. 311 Land taxes Covers taxes on the ownership of land based on the assessed value of the land. 312 Municipal rates Covers levies imposed by local government authorities on the assessed value of property, for the purpose of financing the provision of ordinary local services. Excluded are amounts collected with municipal rates, but identified as charges for direct supply of goods and services (e.g. water and sewerage rates, garbage charges). 313 Metropolitan improvement rates Covers levies on property owners intended specifically for financing the planning and development of land within the metropolitan region, e.g. acquisition of land for the development of metropolitan parks, support of regional studies, financing open space improvements. 314 Property owners' contributions to fire brigades Covers levies on property owners that are raised to finance the operation of fire protection services. 319 Taxes on immovable property n.e.c. Covers taxes, not elsewhere classified, on owners or users of immovable property. These taxes are usually collected to finance specific services, e.g. control of vermin or noxious weeds. Excluded are charges for direct supply of goods and services, e.g. water and sewerage rates. 32 Estate inheritance and gift taxes 321 Estate, inheritance and gift taxes Covers taxes levied on the transfer of property of deceased persons and on gifts. These taxes are levied on the value of the transferred assets. 33 Taxes on financial and capital transactions Covers taxes on the issue, transfer, purchase and sale of securities, taxes on cheques, and taxes levied on specific legal transactions such as validation of contracts and the sale of immovable property. Excluded are taxes on use of goods and performance of activities (TFFC 5) and taxes on immovable property (TFFC 31). 332 Financial institutions transactions taxes Covers taxes on debits or credits to accounts with financial institutions. Includes the State government duties on credits to accounts held with financial institutions. Excludes stamp duties on cheques. 333 Government borrowing guarantee levies Covers guarantee fees/charges levied on the borrowings of public authorities by government. 334 Stamp duties on conveyances Covers the revenue earned from stamp duty on conveyances and transfer of real estate, business and other property. Excluded are stamp duties on motor vehicle registration (TFFC 513), insurance (TFFC 45) and gambling (TFFC 44). 335 Stamp duty on shares and marketable securities Covers the revenue earned from stamp duty on transfers of shares and marketable securities. Excluded are stamp duties on motor vehicle registration (TFFC 513), insurance (TFFC 45) and gambling (TFFC 44). 336 Other stamp duties on financial and capital transactions Covers the revenue earned from stamps affixed to or franked on documents which evidence financial and capital transactions. Included are stamp duties on contracts, cheques, admission tickets and sales receipts. Excluded are stamp duties on conveyances (TFFC 334), shares and marketable securities (TFFC 335), motor vehicle registration (TFFC 513), insurance (TFFC 45) and gambling (TFFC 44). 4 TAXES ON THE PROVISION OF GOODS AND SERVICES Covers taxes levied on the production, sale, transfer, leasing or delivery of goods and rendering of services. Excluded are taxes levied on the use of goods or on permission to use goods or to perform activities (TFFC 5). 41 General taxes on provision of goods and services 411 Sales tax Covers all taxes (other than those on international trade) levied on the production, leasing, transfer, sales or delivery of a wide range of goods, and on the rendering of services. In Australia, currently the only general tax is the sales tax. Sales tax is a single stage tax designed substantially to fall on sales by manufacturers and wholesalers to retailers. The sales tax applies to goods only and not to services. Secondhand goods that have been used in Australia are not ordinarily taxed, but imported goods that have been used overseas are normally taxable in a similar fashion to new goods. Although termed a sales tax, the levy is not limited to sales only. Where goods have not already borne tax, it would (for example) fall on the leases of those goods or on the application of those goods to a taxpayer’s own use. It may also be levied on importation of goods where they are not imported for sale by wholesalers, e.g. where they are imported by retailers or consumers. The tax is payable on what is termed a ‘sale value’ which is equivalent to a fair wholesale price. 412 Goods and services tax (GST) Commencing from 1 July 2000, this is a broad based tax on the supply of goods and services at virtually all stages of production and distribution. Includes GST revenue receivable by the Commonwealth Government, gross of the cost of collection but net of input tax credits payable. 42 Excises Covers taxes levied on a specified good, or range of goods, intended for domestic consumption other than taxes levied exclusively on the importation of goods (TFFC 431). Excises may be imposed at any stage of production or distribution and the assessment for tax may take into account such factors as weight, strength, quantity or value of the goods. Excises are not limited to those taxes collected under Excise Acts and include taxes on electricity, gas and agricultural production. 421 Excises on crude oil, LPG and petroleum products Covers excises levied on the production of crude oil and naturally occurring LPG from Australian fields. The levy varies depending on volume and quality of the crude and the date the field came into production. Also covers excises levied on petroleum products. Includes duties collected under the Excise Act. Also includes the diesel fuel oil tax. 423 Excises on beer and potable spirits Covers Excise Act duties levied on beer and potable spirits. 424 Excises on tobacco products Covers Excise Act duties levied on tobacco products. 425 Excise Act duties n.e.c. and refunds of Excise Act duties Covers Excise Act duties not elsewhere classified and all refunds under the Excise Act. 426 Agricultural production taxes Covers levies raised on specified agricultural products usually assessed by reference to weight or quantity. Liability may be assessed at any stage of processing or distribution. Agricultural production taxes include taxes levied on wool, dairy products, poultry, cattle, sheep, wheat and wine grapes. 427 Levies on statutory corporations Covers contributions which are required under legislation to be paid by specified statutory corporations to State governments. The taxes are a fixed proportion of the revenue earned by statutory corporations. Excluded are taxes assessed on net profits and capital gains (see TFFC 12). 43 Taxes on international trade Covers taxes and stamp duties levied on specified imported or exported goods. Excluded are taxes collected on imports as part of a general tax on goods, and excises applicable to both imported and domestically produced goods. 431 Customs duties on imports Covers taxes levied on specified goods (or ranges of goods) imported into Australia for home consumption. The various charges and exemptions which apply are based on country of origin, type of goods and value or quantity of goods. 432 Customs duties on exports Covers taxes levied on specified goods exported from Australia. The main item which attracts export duty is coal. The rates which apply vary with the type of coal and the method of extraction. Excluded are agricultural produce export taxes (TFFC 433). 433 Agricultural produce export taxes Covers taxes payable on specified agricultural produce exported from Australia. The rate is usually based on the quantity of products exported. 44 Taxes on gambling Covers taxes levied on gambling and betting stakes. Includes taxes on lottery tickets, poker machines, casinos, racing and football pools. The taxes may be collected either from the gambler as a percentage of his/her stake or from entities providing the gambling service either as a licence fee or percentage of their gross income from gambling. Excluded are taxes on individual gains from gambling. 441 Taxes on government lotteries Covers profits of lotteries, ‘lotto’ games, etc. organised by the government. Excludes revenue share of privately organised lotteries. 442 Taxes on private lotteries Covers stamp duty, licences and share of gross revenue of privately organised lotteries, ‘lotto’ games, football pools, etc. 443 Taxes on gambling devices Covers taxes and licences imposed on clubs for the operation of poker machines and other gambling devices. The licence fee may be assessed as a percentage of gross profits generated by the club’s poker machines or as a fixed rate that is dependent on the number and classes of machines operated by the club. These imposts are regarded as taxes (not fees from regulatory services) because of the substantial revenue they generate. A club may be granted a refund in proportion to its expenditure on community welfare. 444 Casino taxes Covers licence fees and taxes levied on the holders of casino licenses. Taxes and licence fees may be assessed as a proportion of gross profit or according to a fixed rate. The fees are deemed to be taxes (not fees from regulatory services) because of the substantial revenue they generate. 445 Race betting taxes Covers taxes levied on all forms of racing and both on and off course betting. Includes stamp duty on betting instruments, bookmakers licences and registration fees, and taxes on gross revenue of bookmakers. 449 Taxes on gambling n.e.c. Covers taxes levied on forms of gambling other than football pool, racing, casino, poker machine or lottery taxes. Includes, for instance, revenue raised from the issue of bingo permits. 45 Taxes on insurance Covers taxes levied specifically on insurance companies. Includes taxes levied on insurance premiums and contributions collected to finance services which reduce insurable risk. 451 Insurance companies’ contributions to fire brigades Covers levies imposed on insurance companies to finance fire-fighting authorities. 452 Third party insurance taxes Covers surcharges and stamp duties on third party insurance premiums. 459 Taxes on insurance n.e.c. Taxes on insurance not elsewhere classified. Includes such payments as stamp duties on insurance (other than third party insurance) and contributions of insurance companies to Workers Compensation Board Funds and Casual Firefighters Compensation Funds. 5 TAXES ON THE USE OF GOODS AND PERFORMANCE OF ACTIVITIES Covers taxes levied on the use of goods and taxes levied in respect of permission to perform activities. Excluded are taxes levied on the value or quantity of the goods themselves (TFFC 4). 51 Motor vehicle taxes Covers taxes levied on the operation of motor vehicles whether paid by households or corporations. These imposts are treated as taxes, rather than regulatory fees, because of the significant amount of revenue they generate. Excluded are taxes on third party insurance (TFFC 452). 512 Stamp duty on vehicle registration Covers stamp duties imposed on motor vehicle registration and transfer. 514 Road transport and maintenance taxes Covers taxes levied on the carriage of goods and passengers by road including taxes collected specifically for road maintenance. These taxes are often assessed on the basis of weight of vehicle using the road. 515 Heavy vehicle registration fees and taxes Covers motor vehicle registration, transfer, and number plate fees for vehicles under the InterState (IS) scheme. 516 Other vehicle registration fees and taxes Covers other motor vehicle registration, transfer, and number plate fees. Excluded are heavy vehicle registration fees and taxes for vehicles under the InterState (IS) scheme (TFFC 515). 52 Franchise taxes Covers taxes levied in respect of the permission to sell certain goods. This includes the permission to sell gas, petrol, tobacco and liquor. 521 Gas franchise taxes Covers licence fees levied on gas suppliers. The fee is assessed by reference to the suppliers previous gross receipts of gas retailed to the public. 522 Petroleum products franchise taxes Covers licence fees paid by petroleum wholesalers and petroleum retailers to conduct their business. The tax may be assessed on the marked or prescribed value or volume of petroleum products sold. 523 Tobacco franchise taxes Covers fees collected from wholesale tobacco merchants and retail tobacconists for licences that people in the business of tobacco wholesaling or retailing are required to hold. The taxes are usually assessed on the basis of value sold. 524 Liquor franchise taxes Covers fees collected for licences and permits to supply liquor. They are levied on hotelkeepers, wholesale and retail liquor merchants and clubs, etc. Includes permits for the supply of liquor with meals. These fees are regarded as taxes, not fees from regulatory services, because of the substantial revenue they generate. The fees are usually assessed on the basis of volume and alcoholic content of sales. Some States offer an exemption or concession to encourage consumption of low alcohol liquor. 53 Other taxes on use of goods and performance of activities Covers taxes, other than franchise and motor vehicle taxes, levied on the use of goods or in respect of permission to use goods or perform activities. Included are permits to carry on a business which provides a service (e.g. broadcasting and television services), pollution taxes not based on the value of particular goods and taxes in respect of permission to perform an activity (e.g. departure tax). 532 Broadcasting station licences Covers fees for licences for commercial radio stations to transmit their service. The licence fees are classified as taxes (not fees from regulatory services) because of the substantial revenue they raise. The tax is assessed on gross earnings. 533 Television station licenses Covers fees for licences for commercial television stations to transmit their service. The licence fees are classified as taxes (not fees from regulatory services) because of the substantial revenue they raise. The tax is assessed on gross earnings. 534 Departure tax Covers the levy imposed on all people leaving Australia. The 50 per cent indirect component consists of the estimated tax collected from Australian residents going abroad for business purposes. 539 Other taxes on the use of goods and performance of activities n.e.c. Covers other levies on the use of goods or performance of activities, e.g. entertainment taxes. TYPE OF ASSET CLASSIFICATION
DETAILED TYPE OF ASSET CLASSIFICATION 1 PRODUCED ASSETS (EXCLUDING INVENTORIES) Produced assets are those non-financial assets that are outputs from the processes of production. In economic accounting, produced assets consist of fixed assets, inventories and valuables. However, inventories are not included in the scope of this classification. Consists of tangible produced assets, intangible produced assets and valuables. 11 Tangible produced assets (excluding inventories) Consists of buildings, structures, machinery, equipment and cultivated assets that are continuously used in the processes of production for more than one year. 111 Dwellings Consists of buildings used primarily as residences, associated structures such as garages and all permanent fixtures usually installed in residences. Also consists of costs of site clearance and preparation. Includes houseboats, barges, caravans and mobile homes used as principal residences of households. Also includes historic monuments identified primarily as dwellings and uncompleted dwellings where the ultimate user is deemed to have taken ownership. 112 Other buildings Consists of non-residential buildings and all fixtures, facilities and equipment which are integral parts of these buildings. Also consists of costs of site clearance and preparation. Includes warehouses, factories, banks, theatres, hotels , restaurants, medical centres and schools. Also includes historic monuments identified as primarily non-residential buildings and uncompleted buildings where the ultimate user is deemed to have taken ownership. 113 Other construction/infra-structure Consists of structures other than buildings, and site clearance and preparation not associated with the cost of buildings. Includes shafts, tunnels and other structures associated with mining subsoil assets; roads; railways; airfield runways; bridges; tunnels and subways; waterways and harbours; long distance pipelines, communication and power lines; local pipelines and cables; and mining, manufacturing, sporting and recreational constructions. Also includes historic monuments which cannot be identified as buildings. Excludes major improvements to land such as dams and dykes for flood control. 114 Transport equipment Consists of equipment for moving people and objects. Includes motor vehicles and trailers; ships; railway and tramway locomotives and rolling stock; and aircraft and spacecraft. Excludes transport equipment acquired by households for final consumption and houseboats, barges, mobile homes and caravans used by households as principal residences (TAC 111). 115 Computer equipment Consists of computer hardware such as processors, hard drives, monitors and keyboards. Excludes computer equipment acquired by households for final consumption and computer software. 116 Equipment other than transport and computer equipment Consists of equipment other than transport and computer equipment. Includes furniture; office equipment; radio, television and communications equipment; medical instruments and appliances; fuel elements for nuclear reactors; musical instruments and sporting goods. Excludes equipment acquired by households for final consumption, machinery which is integral to buildings and defence weapons platforms. Also may exclude relatively inexpensive tools, and uncompleted machinery and equipment unless produced for own use. 117 Defence weapons platforms Consists of military vehicles and equipment designed to launch weapons of destruction. Includes warships, submarines, military aircraft, tanks, missile carriers and launchers. Excludes missiles, rockets and bombs. Defence weapons platforms are identified separately because they are treated as final consumption expenditure in the ANA. 118 Cultivated assets Consists of livestock for breeding and plantations of trees yielding repeat products that are under the direct control, responsibility and management of institutional units. Includes animal, fish and poultry breeding stocks; dairy cattle; draft animals; animals for wool production; animals used for transportation, racing or entertainment; and trees, shrubs and vines cultivated for fruit and nuts, sap and resin, and bark and leaf products. Also includes immature cultivated assets if produced for own use. 12 Intangible produced assets (excluding inventories) Consists of mineral exploration, computer software, entertainment, literary or artistic originals and other intangible produced assets intended to be used in the processes of production for more than one year. 121 Mineral exploration Consists of expenditures on exploration for petroleum, natural gas and non-petroleum deposits. Includes all preliminary expenditure such as licences, surveys and transportation as well as the costs of tests. 122 Computer software Consists of computer programs, program descriptions and supporting materials for both systems and applications software. Includes purchased software and software developed on own account where the expenditure is large. Also includes large expenditures on the purchase, development or extension of computer databases that are expected to be used for more than a year. 123 Entertainment, literary or artistic originals Consists of original entertainment, literary or artistic works. Includes original films, sound recordings, manuscripts, tapes and models. Also includes works purchased or produced on own account recording or embodying original works or performances. 129 Other intangible produced assets Consists of intangible produced assets not elsewhere classified. Includes new information and specialised knowledge owned by units or licensed by units for use by others. 13 Valuables 130 Valuables Consists of assets acquired and held primarily as stores of value. Valuables are distinguished from the assets classified to ETF 11 and ETF 12 because they are not used primarily for production or consumption. Includes precious metals and stones, antiques and other art objects, and other valuables not used primarily for production or consumption and which are expected not to deteriorate nor to decline in real value over time. 2 NON-PRODUCED ASSETS Non-produced assets are those non-financial assets that are not outputs from the processes of production. Consists of tangible non-produced assets and intangible non-produced assets. Includes costs of ownership transfer and major improvements to these assets. 21 Tangible non-produced assets Consists of non-produced assets that occur in nature and over which ownership may be acquired and transferred. Includes land, sub-soil assets, non-cultivated biological resources and water resources. Excludes environmental assets over which ownership rights cannot be acquired such as the open sea or air. 211 Land Consists of ground over which ownership rights are enforced. Includes the soil covering, any associated surface waters and any major improvements which cannot be separated from the land. Excludes items on the land such as any buildings or other structures situated on it or running through it; cultivated crops, trees and animals; subsoil assets; and non-cultivated biological resources and water resources below the ground. The purchase of land and buildings as a package is treated as a purchase of fixed assets if a separate value cannot be derived for the land. The purchase of land with a building which is to be demolished (eg. for road construction) is treated as a purchase of land. In this case the building has no value to the purchaser. 219 Other tangible non-produced assets Consists of non-produced assets that occur in nature and over which ownership rights can be enforced and transferred but which are not land. Includes subsoil assets, non-cultivated biological resources and water resources. 22 Intangible non-produced assets 220 Intangible non-produced assets Consists of assets that are constructs of society as evidenced by legal or accounting actions. Includes patented entities, leases and other transferable contracts, and purchased goodwill.
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