|
General transport activity
Road transport activity
Motor vehicles travelled an estimated total distance of 190,152 million kilometres (km) in the year ended 31 October 2001, at an average of 16,000 km per vehicle (table 22.1). Business use accounted for an estimated 37% of aggregate distance travelled, while people's journeys to and from work accounted for a further 22%. Private use made up the remaining 41%.
22.1 BUSINESS AND PRIVATE VEHICLE USE - Year ended 31 October 2001(a)
|
| Business | | | |
|
| | | |
Type of vehicle | Laden | Unladen | Total(b) | To and
from work | Private | Total |
|
TOTAL KILOMETRES TRAVELLED (million) |
|
Passenger vehicles | - | - | 36,357 | 37,261 | 70,307 | 143,925 |
Motor cycles | - | - | 250 | 452 | 745 | 1,448 |
Light commercial vehicles | 13,889 | 5,413 | 19,301 | 4,962 | 6,466 | 30,728 |
Rigid trucks | 4,690 | 1,773 | 6,463 | 101 | 63 | 6,627 |
Articulated trucks | 3,933 | 1,384 | 5,317 | *3 | *2 | 5,321 |
Non-freight carrying trucks | - | - | 265 | *1 | **- | 267 |
Buses | - | - | 1,759 | 27 | 49 | 1,835 |
Total | 22,512 | 8,569 | 69,713 | 42,807 | 77,632 | 190,152 |
|
AVERAGE KILOMETRES TRAVELLED(c) (’000) |
|
Passenger vehicles | - | - | 11.4 | 7.7 | 8.4 | 15.1 |
Motor cycles | - | - | 4.8 | 4.3 | 3.4 | 5.2 |
Light commercial vehicles | 15.3 | 8.6 | 19.5 | 7.7 | 7.5 | 18.8 |
Rigid trucks | 16.3 | 8.2 | 22.3 | 4.5 | 3.2 | 21.9 |
Articulated trucks | 69.6 | 29.9 | 93.6 | 2.3 | *1.7 | 92.1 |
Non-freight carrying trucks | - | - | 15.3 | *2.3 | **1.5 | 15.4 |
Buses | - | - | 35.9 | 7.5 | 8.0 | 34.3 |
Total | 18.0 | 9.6 | 15.0 | 7.6 | 8.2 | 16.0 |
|
(a) Because of changes to methodology, caution should be used when comparing these data with data from earlier surveys presented in previous editions of Year Book Australia.
(b) Includes business travel of non-freight carrying vehicles.
(c) Average distance travelled for registered vehicles which were used. |
| | | | | | |
Source: Survey of Motor Vehicle Use, Australia, 12 Months ended 31 October 2001 (9208.0). |
The localities in which motor vehicles travelled are described in table 22.2. Only 4% of total distance travelled represented interstate trips, while 55% of trips were within the capital city of the state or territory in which the vehicle was registered.
22.2 AREA OF OPERATION - Year ended 31 October 2001(a)
|
| Within state/territory of registration | | |
|
| | |
Type of vehicle | Capital
city | Provincial
urban | Other areas of state/territory | Total | Interstate | Australia |
|
TOTAL KILOMETRES TRAVELLED (million) |
|
Passenger vehicles | 84,502 | 19,666 | 35,094 | 139,262 | 4,663 | 143,925 |
Motor cycles | 853 | 217 | 324 | 1,393 | *55 | 1,448 |
Light commercial vehicles | 13,773 | 4,594 | 11,272 | 29,639 | 1,090 | 30,728 |
Rigid trucks | 3,548 | 922 | 1,891 | 6,362 | 265 | 6,627 |
Articulated trucks | 1,073 | 308 | 2,538 | 3,919 | 1,402 | 5,321 |
Non-freight carrying trucks | 156 | 34 | 71 | 261 | *6 | 267 |
Buses | 842 | 356 | 561 | 1,759 | 76 | 1,835 |
Total | 104,747 | 26,097 | 51,750 | 182,595 | 7,557 | 190,152 |
|
AVERAGE KILOMETRES TRAVELLED(b) (’000) |
|
Passenger vehicles | 12.1 | 7.5 | 9.9 | 14.6 | 5.5 | 15.1 |
Motor cycles | 5.5 | 3.1 | 2.8 | 5.0 | 3.1 | 5.2 |
Light commercial vehicles | 16.7 | 10.1 | 14.4 | 18.3 | 9.2 | 18.8 |
Rigid trucks | 22.4 | 14.3 | 13.9 | 21.1 | 15.5 | 21.9 |
Articulated trucks | 32.3 | 17.0 | 62.4 | 69.9 | 82.6 | 92.1 |
Non-freight carrying trucks | 19.5 | 10.5 | 8.5 | 15.4 | *10.7 | 15.4 |
Buses | 29.0 | 23.2 | 24.5 | 33.2 | 17.3 | 34.3 |
Total | 12.8 | 8.1 | 11.1 | 15.4 | 7.3 | 16.0 |
|
(a) Because of changes to methodology caution must be taken when comparing these data with data from earlier surveys presented in previous editions of Year Book Australia.
(b) Average distance travelled for registered vehicles which were used. |
| | | | | | |
Source: Survey of Motor Vehicle Use, Australia, 12 months ended 31 October 2001 (9208.0). |
Domestic airline activity
The total hours flown and the number of aircraft departures by the major domestic and regional airlines are shown in table 22.3. Hours flown in 2002 were 12% less than in 2001, while aircraft departures were 15% lower in 2002. Major events occurring during 2001 included the collapse of the Ansett Australia airline, and terrorist attacks that occurred in the United States of America on 11 September 2001.
In addition to the scheduled services of domestic and regional airlines, the range of activities undertaken by the general aviation industry includes business flying, aerial agriculture, charter, training and private flying (table 22.4).
22.3 DOMESTIC AIRLINE ACTIVITY, Major and regional airlines
|
| 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 |
| '000 | '000 | '000 | '000 | '000 |
|
Hours flown | 749 | 751 | 788 | 759 | 667 |
Aircraft departures | 585 | 588 | 606 | 564 | 479 |
|
Source: Department of Transport and Regional Services. |
22.4 OTHER GENERAL AVIATION ACTIVITY, Hours flown
|
| 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002(a) |
| '000 | '000 | '000 | '000 | '000 | '000 |
|
Charter | 487 | 498 | 508 | 480 | 469 | 441 |
Agricultural | 137 | 147 | 135 | 124 | 114 | 78 |
Flying training | 455 | 484 | 454 | 419 | 411 | 419 |
Other aerial work | 315 | 319 | 314 | 304 | 300 | 335 |
Private/business | 446 | 430 | 432 | 388 | 409 | 417 |
Total | 1,839 | 1,878 | 1,842 | 1,715 | 1,703 | 1,690 |
|
(a) 2002 figures are preliminary. | |
| | | | | | |
Source: Department of Transport and Regional Services. |
International airline activity
The number of flights into and out of Australia fell in 2002 to below the levels in the previous two years (table 22.5). The share of total scheduled international airline traffic that was provided by Australian owned airlines, (i.e. Qantas and Ansett), declined from 34% in 2001 to 32% in 2002.
22.5 SCHEDULED INTERNATIONAL AIRLINE TRAFFIC TO AND FROM AUSTRALIA(a)(b)(c)
|
| 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 |
|
TRAFFIC TO AUSTRALIA |
|
Qantas Airways Limited | 12,675 | 13,751 | 14,702 | (d)13,953 |
Ansett International(e) | 1,640 | 1,450 | 1,046 | - |
Other airlines | 27,219 | 30,633 | 30,536 | 29,863 |
All airlines | 41,534 | 45,834 | 46,284 | 43,816 |
|
TRAFFIC FROM AUSTRALIA |
|
Qantas Airways Limited | 12,733 | 13,817 | 14,714 | (d)13,989 |
Ansett International(e) | 1,646 | 1,454 | 1,048 | - |
Other airlines | 26,713 | 30,083 | 30,101 | 29,609 |
All airlines | 41,092 | 45,354 | 45,863 | 43,598 |
|
(a) Includes Norfolk Island.
(b) Includes Qantas flights using aircraft leased from other airlines and vice versa.
(c) The difference between to and from numbers arises because some outward flights are operated as non-scheduled, and so are not counted in the table.
(d) Includes Australian Airlines, a wholly owned subsidiary of Qantas Airways Ltd.
(e) Ansett International ceased operations on 14 September 2001. |
| | | | |
Source: Department of Transport and Regional Services. |
Domestic freight activity
Freight movement within Australia is a significant transport task. Goods are moved across vast distances because of the size of the country and the dispersed locations of agricultural, mining, production and population centres. Key freight transport task measures are tonnes carried and tonne-kilometres, which represents the summation of mass multiplied by the distance travelled by individual freight cargoes. The following sections provide information on the domestic freight task performed by each of the transport modes.
Road freight activity
In the 12 months ended 31 March 2001, the 62,000 articulated vehicles in Australia lifted an estimated 614 million tonnes of freight (table 22.6), and conducted over 88 billion tonne-kilometres of freight travel. Freight originating in New South Wales accounted for 30% of both the total tonne-kilometres travelled (26,440 million) and of the total tonnes carried by road (184 million).
Australia's 332 thousand rigid trucks provided 25 billion tonne-kilometres of freight travel, in the year to 31 March 2001.
22.6 ROAD FREIGHT, By articulated vehicles - Year ended 31 March 2001
|
State/territory of origin | million tonne-kilometres | million tonnes |
|
New South Wales | 26,440 | 184 |
Victoria | 18,746 | 121 |
Queensland | 19,174 | 127 |
South Australia | 9,286 | 46 |
Western Australia | 11,281 | 105 |
Tasmania | 1,504 | 21 |
Northern Territory | 1,728 | 8 |
Australian Capital Territory | 216 | 1 |
Australia | 88,374 | 614 |
|
Source: Freight Movements, Australia, Summary, Year ended 31 March 2001 (9220.0). |
The major commodities moved by road, in the 12 months to 31 March 2001, are shown in table 22.7. Food accounted for 22% of the total tonne-kilometres travelled and 14% of the total tonnes carried by road. Stone, sand and gravel represented 14% of the tonnage carried by road transport, yet because of the typically shorter trip distances, this commodity group only accounted for 4% of the total tonne-kilometres travelled.
22.7 MAJOR COMMODITIES MOVED BY ROAD(a) - Year ended 31 March 2001
|
| Tonne-kilometres | | Tonnes |
|
| |
|
| million | % of total | | million | % of total |
|
Food (for human and animal consumption) | 19,326 | 21.9 | | 89 | 14.4 |
General freight(b) | 15,408 | 17.4 | | 46 | 7.5 |
Other manufactured goods | 7,276 | 8.2 | | 38 | 6.2 |
Petroleum and petroleum products | 4,807 | 5.4 | | 30 | 4.8 |
Machinery and transport equipment | 4,207 | 4.8 | | 22 | 3.5 |
Cork and wood | 4,093 | 4.6 | | 35 | 5.8 |
Cereal grains | 4,031 | 4.6 | | 42 | 6.9 |
Crude materials | 3,895 | 4.4 | | 35 | 5.7 |
Stone, sand and gravel | 3,373 | 3.8 | | 86 | 14.0 |
|
(a) Articulated vehicles only.
(b) Consignments not classified by commodity. |
| | | | | |
Source: Freight Movements, Australia, Summary, Year ended 31 March 2001 (9220.0). |
Rail freight activity
An estimated 509 million tonnes of freight, representing a 134 billion tonne-kilometres transport task, were moved on the rail network in the 12 months ended 31 March 2001 (table 22.8). Freight originating in either Western Australia or Queensland together accounted for over three-quarters (77%) of the total tonne-kilometres travelled by rail freight. In these states, substantial tonnages of bulk commodities are moved over long trip distances.
22.8 RAIL FREIGHT(a) - Year ended 31 March 2001
|
State/territory of origin | million tonne-kilometres | million tonnes |
|
New South Wales | 19,621 | 112 |
Victoria | 6,188 | 10 |
Queensland | 42,458 | 172 |
South Australia | 5,176 | 19 |
Western Australia | 60,429 | 196 |
Tasmania | n.a. | n.a. |
Northern Territory | 234 | - |
Australian Capital Territory | 3 | - |
Australia | 134,109 | 509 |
|
(a) Excludes rail freight movements in Tasmania. |
| | |
Source: Freight Movements, Australia, Summary, Year ended 31 March 2001 (9220.0). |
Of the total tonne-kilometres travelled by rail, nearly three-quarters (74%) comprised transport of metalliferous ores, metal scrap, and coal (table 22.9). General freight, while accounting for only 3% of the total tonnes carried on the rail network, represented 12% of the tonne-kilometres travelled by this mode, indicating above average freight trip distances are associated with this type of freight.
22.9 MAJOR COMMODITIES MOVED BY RAIL(a) - Year ended 31 March 2001
|
| Tonne-kilometres | | Tonnes |
|
| |
|
| million | % of total | | million | % of total |
|
Metalliferous ores and metal scrap | 55,615 | 41.5 | | 197 | 38.6 |
Coal | 44,254 | 33.0 | | 221 | 43.6 |
General freight(b) | 16,018 | 11.9 | | 15 | 2.9 |
Cereal grains | 5,787 | 4.3 | | 19 | 3.7 |
Iron and steel | 3,993 | 3.0 | | 6 | 1.2 |
Crude materials | 2,334 | 1.7 | | 33 | 6.4 |
|
(a) Excludes rail freight movements in Tasmania.
(b) Consignments not classified by commodity. |
| | | | | |
Source: Freight Movements, Australia, Summary, Year ended 31 March 2001 (9220.0). |
Sea freight activity (domestic)
In the 12 months ended 31 March 2001, there were 47 million tonnes of sea freight carried between Australian ports (table 22.10). This domestic sea freight task amounted to 97 billion tonne-kilometres, representing 30% of the aggregate of freight tonne-kilometres travelled within Australia by all transport modes. Due to the long average distances travelled by domestic shipping, sea freight's percentage of total tonne-kilometres travelled exceeded its percentage of the total freight tonnages.
22.10 DOMESTIC SEA FREIGHT - Year ended 31 March 2001
|
State/territory of origin | million tonne-kilometres | million tonnes |
|
New South Wales | 6,808 | 5 |
Victoria | 8,342 | 7 |
Queensland | 31,736 | 16 |
South Australia | 10,184 | 7 |
Western Australia | 33,691 | 7 |
Tasmania | 4,283 | 5 |
Northern Territory | 2,307 | 1 |
Australian Capital Territory | - | - |
Australia | 97,349 | 47 |
|
Source: Freight Movements, Australia, Summary, Year Ended 31 March 2001 (9220.0). |
Metalliferous ores and metal scrap accounted for the highest share of tonnes carried (42%), and of freight tonne-kilometres travelled (63%), by sea in the 12 months ended 31 March 2001 (table 22.11).
22.11 MAJOR COMMODITIES MOVED BY SEA (DOMESTIC) - Year ended 31 March 2001
|
| Tonne-kilometres | | Tonnes |
|
| |
|
| million | % of total | | million | % of total |
|
Metalliferous ores and metal scrap | 61,118 | 62.8 | | 20 | 42.5 |
Petroleum and petroleum products | 16,159 | 16.6 | | 11 | 22.9 |
Crude materials | 4,272 | 4.4 | | 4 | 8.0 |
Cement | 3,131 | 3.2 | | 3 | 5.5 |
Coal | 3,013 | 3.1 | | 3 | 5.3 |
Iron and steel | 1,929 | 2.0 | | 2 | 3.5 |
Food (for human and animal consumption) | 1,923 | 2.0 | | 1 | 2.8 |
|
Source: Freight Movements, Australia, Summary, Year ended 31 March 2001 (9220.0). |
Air freight activity (domestic)
Air freight accounted for less than 1% of the total domestic freight task in the year ended 31 March 2001. Freight originating from New South Wales and Victoria, together, accounted for over half (54%) of total air freight tonne-kilometres (table 22.12).
22.12 DOMESTIC AIR FREIGHT - Year ended 31 March 2001
|
State/territory of origin | million tonne-kilometres | million tonnes |
|
New South Wales | 74 | 0.1 |
Victoria | 74 | 0.1 |
Queensland | 48 | - |
South Australia | 14 | - |
Western Australia | 46 | - |
Tasmania | 9 | - |
Northern Territory | 10 | |
Australian Capital Territory | 2 | - |
Australia | 276 | 0.2 |
|
Source: Freight Movements, Australia, Summary, Year ended 31 March 2001 (9220.0). |
International freight activity
Sea freight activity (international)
The nature of Australia's trade means that the weight of exports (including coal, iron ore, and agricultural products) far exceeds the weight of the imports. Most of the tonnage of exports and imports is shipped by bulk carriers or tankers.
The weight of exports was 541 million tonnes in 2002, a 7% increase on the previous year, and 25% above the level in 1998-99 (table 22.13). Tonnages of food and live animal exports rose every year between 1998-99 and 2001-02, before falling by 27% in 2002-03 to 23 million tonnes. The export of mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials has risen consistently in the five years to 2002-03 (from 187 million tonnes to 230 million tonnes).
The commodity group ‘Crude materials, inedible, except fuels’, which includes iron ore, alumina, zinc ores and wool, accounted for the greatest proportion of total exports by weight in 2002-03 (47%). ‘Mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials’ which includes coal and petroleum, accounted for 43% of total exports by weight, in 2002-03. The ‘beverages and tobacco’ export tonnage has increased every year since 1998-99.
The weight of total imports increased by 11% between 1998-99 and 2002-03, from 56 million tonnes to 62 million tonnes. Over this period 'beverages and tobacco' imports by weight rose 76%, and the 'food and live animal' import tonnage rose by 99%.
22.13 INTERNATIONAL SEA FREIGHT, By commodity group
|
| 1998-99 | 1999-2000 | 2000-01 | 2001-02 | 2002-03 |
| '000 tonnes | '000 tonnes | '000 tonnes | '000 tonnes | '000 tonnes |
|
EXPORTS |
|
Food and live animals | 28,920 | 29,910 | 30,369 | 30,925 | 22,686 |
Beverages and tobacco | 432 | 576 | 805 | 890 | 1,591 |
Crude materials, inedible, except fuels | 192,479 | 207,784 | 222,897 | 221,755 | 251,139 |
Mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials | 186,903 | 198,148 | 218,191 | 223,429 | 230,524 |
Animal and vegetable oils, fats and waxes | 474 | 455 | 484 | 690 | 512 |
Chemicals and related products n.e.c. | 1,336 | 1,423 | 1,949 | 1,718 | 2,116 |
Manufactured goods classified chiefly by material | 7,891 | 7,702 | 6,836 | 12,073 | 15,228 |
Machinery and transport equipment | 573 | 629 | 941 | 801 | 847 |
Miscellaneous manufactured articles | 152 | 202 | 301 | 297 | 593 |
Commodities and transactions not classified elsewhere in the SITC(a) | 13,392 | 15,861 | 13,431 | 13,739 | 15,334 |
Total | 432,552 | 462,690 | 496,204 | 506,317 | 540,570 |
|
IMPORTS |
|
Food and live animals | 1,362 | 1,443 | 1,565 | 1,798 | 2,709 |
Beverages and tobacco | 198 | 243 | 311 | 289 | 348 |
Crude materials, inedible, except fuels | 8,163 | 8,045 | 7,863 | 8,078 | 8,353 |
Mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials | 28,917 | 26,952 | 26,369 | 27,294 | 28,702 |
Animal and vegetable oils, fats and waxes | 208 | 225 | 233 | 244 | 282 |
Chemicals and related products n.e.c. | 8,289 | 9,196 | 8,929 | 9,209 | 9,218 |
Manufactured goods classified chiefly by material | 5,406 | 6,327 | 5,640 | 6,480 | 7,521 |
Machinery and transport equipment | 2,352 | 2,654 | 2,372 | 2,512 | 2,893 |
Miscellaneous manufactured articles | 1,090 | 1,204 | 1,221 | 1,391 | 1,611 |
Commodities and transactions not classified elsewhere in the SITC(a) | 246 | 73 | 77 | 746 | 822 |
Total | 56,232 | 56,361 | 54,579 | 58,041 | 62,459 |
|
(a) Standard International Trade Classification. | |
| | | | | |
Source: ABS data available on request, International Trade Special Data Service. | |
Air freight activity (international)
The total air cargo tonnage coming into Australia, in 2001, was 12% below the level in 2000 (table 22.14). Tonnage of outgoing freight exceeded that of incoming freight (by 21% in 2001).
The tonnage of mail moved out of Australia in 2001 was 6% less than the tonnage of incoming mail. Australian airlines carried 25% of incoming cargo, and 29% of outgoing cargo in 2001.
22.14 SCHEDULED INTERNATIONAL AIRLINE TRAFFIC TO AND FROM AUSTRALIA(a)
|
| 2000 | | 2001 |
|
| |
|
| Freight | Mail | Total cargo | | Freight | Mail | Total cargo |
| tonnes | tonnes | tonnes | | tonnes | tonnes | tonnes |
|
TRAFFIC TO AUSTRALIA |
|
Qantas Airways Limited | 76,526 | 5,476 | 82,002 | | 63,724 | 5,762 | 69,486 |
Ansett International(b) | 7,597 | 306 | 7,903 | | 5,361 | 143 | 5,504 |
Other airlines | 247,972 | 9,760 | 257,732 | | 220,638 | 8,917 | 229,555 |
All airlines | 332,095 | 15,542 | 347,637 | | 289,723 | 14,822 | 304,545 |
|
TRAFFIC FROM AUSTRALIA |
|
Qantas Airways Limited | 83,426 | 11,560 | 94,986 | | 88,034 | 12,430 | 100,464 |
Ansett International(b) | 8,499 | 12 | 8,511 | | 6,256 | 9 | 6,265 |
Other airlines | 255,927 | 1,850 | 257,777 | | 256,088 | 1,508 | 257,596 |
All airlines | 347,852 | 13,422 | 361,274 | | 350,379 | 13,946 | 364,325 |
|
(a) Includes Norfolk Island.
(b) Ansett International ceased operations on 14 September 2001. |
| | | | | | | |
Source: Department of Transport and Regional Services. |
The combined tonnage of incoming and outgoing air freight (excluding mail) fell by 6% between 2000 and 2001. Table 22.15 shows the main origin/destination pairs for freight moving into and out of Australia. The Auckland/Sydney route was the busiest, accounting for 8% of the total freight carried. The Singapore/Perth and Singapore/Sydney routes recorded the largest increases in 2001 (8% and 4% respectively).
22.15 INTERNATIONAL FREIGHT CARRIED (EXCLUDING MAIL), By city pairs(a)
|
| 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 |
| tonnes | tonnes | tonnes | tonnes |
|
Auckland/Sydney | 54,849 | 54,047 | 50,090 | 49,142 |
Singapore/Melbourne | 34,935 | 51,096 | 48,574 | 48,457 |
Singapore/Sydney | 38,758 | 43,689 | 46,313 | 48,164 |
Hong Kong/Sydney | 36,789 | 34,252 | 33,976 | 30,658 |
Los Angeles/Sydney | 26,500 | 36,061 | 32,721 | 27,672 |
Auckland/Melbourne | 32,199 | 34,722 | 29,559 | 30,355 |
Singapore/Perth | 26,160 | 27,436 | 27,822 | 30,073 |
Hong Kong/Melbourne | 23,821 | 26,031 | 25,879 | 23,632 |
Seoul/Sydney | 11,399 | 12,316 | 18,792 | 16,973 |
Singapore/Brisbane | 11,823 | 14,988 | 18,337 | 18,293 |
Other city pairs | 334,674 | 346,878 | 347,887 | 316,684 |
All city pairs | 631,908 | 681,515 | 679,948 | 640,102 |
|
(a) The table does not necessarily show the final origin/destination of freight. For example, all freight going to or coming from Europe would require a stopover, generally in Asia. |
| | | | |
Source: Department of Transport and Regional Services. |
Domestic road, rail and air passenger activity
Personal travel occurs for many reasons, including school, business, recreation and travel to and from work. While road transport accounts for the majority of domestic passenger trips undertaken, rail services are used by a considerable number of urban commuters. Air services provide for a large proportion of long distance passenger travel.
Road passenger vehicle activity
In the year ending 31 October 2001 Australia's 9.9 million passenger vehicles travelled an estimated total of 143.9 billion kilometres (table 22.16), averaging 14,600 kilometres each per year. The fleet of 55,000 buses travelled a total of 1.8 billion kilometres, while the 349,000 motor cycles travelled a total of 1.4 billion kilometres. Of total passenger vehicle travel, 59% took place within capital cities, while only 46% of bus kilometres were travelled within capital cities.
22.16 MOTOR VEHICLE USE, By state/territory of registration - 2001
|
| Passenger vehicles | Motor cycles | Buses |
|
TOTAL KILOMETRES TRAVELLED (million) |
|
New South Wales | 44,480 | 389 | 492 |
Victoria | 39,643 | 352 | 364 |
Queensland | 28,051 | 387 | 468 |
South Australia | 11,977 | 118 | 121 |
Western Australia | 13,539 | 132 | 259 |
Tasmania | 2,708 | 25 | 43 |
Northern Territory | 953 | 16 | 55 |
Australian Capital Territory | 2,575 | 27 | 34 |
Australia | 143,925 | 1,448 | 1,835 |
|
NUMBER OF VEHICLES(a) (no.) |
|
New South Wales | 3,041,251 | 91,753 | 14,407 |
Victoria | 2,637,201 | 93,780 | 12,686 |
Queensland | 1,778,871 | 73,758 | 12,628 |
South Australia | 865,419 | 27,234 | 3,519 |
Western Australia | 1,051,496 | 44,599 | 7,279 |
Tasmania | 244,631 | 8,422 | 1,735 |
Northern Territory | 67,215 | 3,537 | 1,965 |
Australian Capital Territory | 175,723 | 6,383 | 859 |
Australia | 9,861,807 | 349,465 | 55,078 |
|
(a) The average number of vehicles registered for the 12 months. Includes registered vehicles that did not travel during the reference period. |
| | | |
Source: Survey of Motor Vehicle Use, Australia, 12 months ended 31 October 2001 (9208.0). |
Rail passenger activity
The number of passengers carried by rail operators is shown in table 22.17. Rail passenger numbers have trended upwards with the number of urban passengers increasing by 28% over the period 1992-93 to 2001-02. Heavy rail has consistently accounted for more than three-quarters of urban rail passenger operations. The 2.8% average annual growth in passenger numbers was above Australia's 1.2% rate of population growth over the period.
22.17 RAIL PASSENGER OPERATIONS(a)
|
| Urban | | |
|
| | |
| Heavy rail | Tram and light rail | Total | Non-urban | Total |
| million persons | million persons | million persons | million persons | million persons |
|
1992-93 | 396 | 103 | 498 | 7 | 505 |
1993-94 | 402 | 106 | 507 | 8 | 516 |
1994-95 | 420 | 111 | 530 | 9 | 539 |
1995-96 | 441 | 116 | 556 | 9 | 566 |
1996-97 | 456 | 118 | 574 | 10 | 584 |
1997-98 | 457 | 121 | 578 | 10 | 588 |
1998-99 | 463 | 123 | 585 | 10 | 595 |
1999-2000 | 482 | 137 | 619 | 11 | 629 |
2000-01 | 498 | 137 | 634 | 12 | 646 |
2001-02(b) | 493 | 143 | 636 | 12 | 648 |
|
(a) Excludes tourist services.
(b) 2001-02 data is from the 2003 Yearbook and Industry Directory. |
| | | | | |
Source: Australasian Railway Association Inc. |
Air passenger activity
As at 30 June 2002 there were two major domestic airlines operating in Australia, Qantas and Virgin Blue, providing scheduled services to the 34 major airports. Regional airlines provided connecting services to an additional 133 regional airports.
Following growth in the previous two years, passenger numbers fell in 2002 (table 22.18), while the percentage of vacant seat kilometres also fell in 2002. In 2002, the major domestic airlines accounted for almost 86% of total Australian domestic passenger departures. The regional airlines share of passenger departures has decreased from 17% in 1998 to 15% in 2002.
22.18 DOMESTIC AIRLINE ACTIVITY
|
| | Units | 1998 | 1999 | 2000(a) | 2001(a) | 2002(a) |
|
Passenger departures(b) | | | | | | |
| Domestic airlines | '000 | 23,575 | 24,392 | 25,660 | 26,152 | 25,808 |
| Regional airlines | '000 | 4,851 | 5,039 | 5,929 | 5,668 | 4,390 |
| Total | '000 | 28,426 | 29,431 | 31,590 | 31,820 | 30,198 |
Other activity (domestic airlines only) | | | | | | |
| Passenger kilometres performed(c) | million | 26,774 | 27,853 | 29,601 | 30,410 | 30,565 |
| Seat kilometres available(d) | million | 35,467 | 36,119 | 38,232 | 39,739 | 38,640 |
| Percentage of vacant seat kilometres | % | 24.5 | 22.9 | 22.6 | 23.5 | 20.9 |
|
(a) Includes estimates for regional airlines data.
(b) The unit of measurement is traffic on board (which includes transit traffic). Includes revenue passengers only.
(c) The sum for all flights of the number of passengers on each flight multiplied by the distance travelled.
(d) The sum for all flights of the number of seats on a flight multiplied by distance travelled. |
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Source: Department of Transport and Regional Services. |
The number of passengers boarding domestic airlines at the principal airports is shown in table 22.19. In 2002, all principal airports except Perth, Darwin, Cairns, Coolangatta, and Launceston recorded decreases in passenger movements compared with 2001. Launceston recorded the strongest growth (12%), Darwin (5%), Coolangatta (4%), and Cairns (3%).
22.19 DOMESTIC PASSENGER MOVEMENTS(a)
|
| 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 |
Principal airport | '000 | '000 | '000 | '000 | '000 |
|
Sydney | (b)14,276 | (b)14,879 | 16,265 | (b)16,590 | (b)15,192 |
Melbourne | 11,429 | (b)11,902 | 12,939 | (b)13,308 | (b)12,895 |
Brisbane | (b)7,438 | (b)7,833 | 8,811 | (b)9,946 | (b)9,164 |
Adelaide | (b)3,789 | (b)3,869 | 3,982 | (b)4,212 | (b)3,999 |
Perth | 3,236 | 3,258 | 3,463 | 3,342 | 3,371 |
Canberra | 1,805 | 1,901 | 2,041 | (b)1,970 | (b)1,886 |
Hobart | (b)856 | (b)878 | 928 | (b)996 | (b)948 |
Darwin | 854 | (b)879 | 907 | (b)848 | (b)894 |
Cairns | 1,916 | (b)2,023 | 2,133 | (b)2,025 | (b)2,088 |
Coolangatta | 1,889 | (b)1,938 | 1,918 | (b)1,832 | (b)1,912 |
Townsville | (b)704 | (b)740 | 772 | (b)955 | (b)729 |
Launceston | 536 | (b)545 | 532 | (b)509 | (b)570 |
|
(a) The number of passengers on board arriving at or departing from each airport. Includes passengers in transit who are counted as both arrivals and departures at airports through which they transit.
(b) Includes estimates for unreported data. | |
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Source: Department of Transport and Regional Services. | |
International passenger activity
Passengers arriving, or departing, Australia, primarily travel by air.
In 2002 there were 50 international scheduled airlines operating air services to and from Australia.
Of total international passengers (16.4 million) carried to and from Australia in 2001-02 (table 22.20), 3.5 million travelled between Australia and New Zealand and 2.9 million travelled between Australia and Singapore.
22.20 SCHEDULED INTERNATIONAL PASSENGER TRAFFIC TO AND FROM AUSTRALIA - 2001-02
|
| Inbound | Outbound | Total |
Country to/from | '000 | '000 | '000 |
|
Argentina | 28.3 | 29.5 | 57.9 |
Austria | 58.0 | 66.1 | 124.1 |
Bahrain | 21.8 | 19.2 | 41.1 |
Brunei | 51.2 | 54.2 | 105.5 |
Canada | 39.4 | 41.7 | 81.1 |
China (excl. SARs & Taiwan Prov.) | 131.5 | 118.2 | 249.7 |
Egypt | 14.2 | 14.6 | 28.8 |
Fiji | 157.9 | 158.3 | 316.2 |
France | 28.4 | 32.2 | 60.7 |
Germany | 61.0 | 68.6 | 129.7 |
Greece | 25.0 | 24.6 | 49.6 |
Guam | 10.7 | 10.7 | 21.4 |
Hong Kong (SAR of China) | 569.4 | 549.3 | 1,118.7 |
India | 13.8 | 11.3 | 25.0 |
Indonesia | 366.9 | 369.7 | 736.6 |
Italy | 43.4 | 40.6 | 84.0 |
Japan | 771.1 | 772.3 | 1,543.4 |
Korea, Republic of (South) | 183.2 | 178.3 | 361.5 |
Malaysia | 457.6 | 451.2 | 908.8 |
Mauritius | 13.8 | 13.3 | 27.1 |
Nauru | 5.9 | 5.6 | 11.5 |
New Caledonia | 58.3 | 58.9 | 117.3 |
New Zealand | 1,733.7 | 1,765.0 | 3,498.7 |
Papua New Guinea | 72.1 | 71.5 | 143.6 |
Philippines | 66.1 | 64.9 | 131.0 |
Singapore | 1,487.1 | 1,433.1 | 2,920.1 |
South Africa | 111.7 | 98.9 | 210.6 |
Sri Lanka(a) | 2.0 | 1.7 | 3.8 |
Tahiti | 0.3 | 3.5 | 3.8 |
Taiwan | 87.6 | 84.8 | 172.4 |
Thailand | 422.0 | 406.5 | 828.6 |
Tonga | 2.0 | 1.7 | 3.6 |
United Kingdom | 309.9 | 317.1 | 627.0 |
United Arab Emirates | 100.0 | 104.3 | 204.3 |
United States of America | 671.4 | 677.6 | 1,349.0 |
Vanuatu | 30.4 | 30.1 | 60.5 |
Vietnam | 42.7 | 41.6 | 84.4 |
Western Samoa | 4.2 | 3.9 | 8.1 |
Total | 8,254.1 | 8,194.9 | 16,449.0 |
|
(a) Service by SriLankan Airlines ceased July 2001. | |
| | | |
Source: Department of Transport and Regional Services. | |
Table 22.21 shows the number of international passengers who travelled through each of Australia's international airports. Sydney's share of total international passenger traffic was 48% in 2001-02 (down 7% from 2000-01), followed by Melbourne with 20% (up 1%), and Brisbane with 15% (down 3%). In 2002, Coolangatta's international passenger numbers were 98% higher than in the previous year. International passenger numbers at Darwin airport were 26% lower in 2002. International operations ceased at Broome airport in 2001.
22.21 INTERNATIONAL PASSENGER TRAFFIC THROUGH AUSTRALIAN INTERNATIONAL AIRPORTS
|
| 1999-2000 | 2000-01 | 2001-02 |
Airport | '000 passengers | '000 passengers | '000 passengers |
|
Sydney | 7,703 | 8,538 | 7,959 |
Melbourne | 2,833 | 3,252 | 3,297 |
Brisbane | 2,430 | 2,539 | 2,457 |
Perth | 1,517 | 1,607 | 1,596 |
Cairns | 656 | 701 | 691 |
Adelaide | 254 | 264 | 230 |
Darwin | 153 | 172 | 128 |
Coolangatta | 21 | 34 | 67 |
Norfolk Island | 15 | 15 | 17 |
Newcastle(a) | - | - | 9 |
Townsville(b) | - | - | 0.4 |
Broome(c) | 0.7 | 4 | 0.3 |
Port Hedland(d) | 1 | - | - |
Total | 15,584 | 17,127 | 16,449 |
|
(a) International operations commenced December 2001.
(b) International operations recommenced October 2001 and ceased again in March 2002.
(c) International operations recommenced April 2000 and ceased July 2001.
(d) International operations ceased January 2000. |
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Source: Department of Transport and Regional Services. |
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