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07 Transport 07.1 Purchase of vehicles Description 14.95 The scope of this item is purchases of new motor vehicles by households for personal use; net purchases of used vehicles by households from businesses and government authorities; private importation of used vehicles from overseas; and dealers' margins on used vehicles traded between households through dealers. Sources and methods Purchases of new motor vehicles 14.97 This item is estimated quarterly and the annual estimates are produced by summing the quarterly estimates. The number of new motor vehicle sales by type and ownership (private and non-private) is obtained from the Federal Chamber of Automotive Industries VFACTS service. An average price for each type of vehicle purchased is estimated each year using information published in Glass's Guide for Passenger Vehicles and automotive magazines, and extrapolated using information collected for the CPI. The value of purchases of new motor vehicles is obtained by multiplying the estimated number of private purchases by the estimated average price. 14.98 Businesses and government authorities are assumed to buy mainly new vehicles. It therefore follows that when these sectors sell vehicles they are mainly purchased by households. The number of such sales is calculated using information from Survey of Motor Vehicle Use, Australia (Cat. no. 9208.0). An average price for each type of second-hand vehicle is estimated for a base period using information contained in automotive magazines and moved forward using new vehicle prices lagged by two years. The value of purchases of used vehicles from other sectors is estimated by multiplying the estimated number of household purchases by the estimated average prices. 14.100 Dealers' margins on used vehicles traded between households through dealers are estimated using information provided from the Retail Census. The latest quarterly estimates are made using movements in purchases of new motor vehicles as the indicator. Volume estimates 14.101 Current price estimates of purchases of motor vehicles by Australian residents in Australia are revalued using the relevant component of the CPI. 07.2 Operation of personal transport equipment Description 14.104 The scope of this item is expenditure incurred in running household motor vehicles. Three broad categories of expenditure are covered:
14.105 Motor vehicle registration fees are considered to be direct taxes when they are paid by persons in respect of vehicles used for private rather than business purposes and are not part of HFCE. Drivers' licence fees are treated as service income of general government and hence are included in HFCE. Parking fines are treated as Other current transfers from households to general government. (Prior to the introduction of SNA93, both drivers' licence fees and parking fines were part of Other direct taxes, fees and fines. The SNA93 treatment has been applied for the entire time series.) Sources and methods Motoring goods 14.106 Household expenditure on petrol is the most important of these purchases. The annual estimates are obtained by multiplying the following four elements:
14.107 Estimates of household expenditure on replacement tyres and tubes are calculated by allocating a proportion of total sales from the benchmark Retail Census to households. The household share of sales is estimated by comparing the number of kilometres travelled for personal reasons with the number travelled on business from the Survey of Motor Vehicle Use. Finally, an estimate of the average price paid by consumers obtained from the CPI is used to derive the expenditure estimate. Household expenditure on replacement batteries is calculated as household demand for batteries per year (based on the proportion of total kilometres travelled) multiplied by an average price paid by consumers, obtained from the CPI. 14.108 Estimates of household expenditure on car accessories are based on benchmark data from the periodic Household Expenditure Survey. Benchmark estimates are moved forward using movements in personal vehicle registrations as the indicator. Motoring goods comprise the sum of fuel, tyres, batteries and car accessories. 14.109 Quarterly estimates for household expenditure on automotive fuels are made using volumes sold (as reported in Major Energy Statistics published monthly by the Commonwealth Department of Industry, Science and Resources) and prices per litre (from the CPI) as indicators. Other motoring goods, which are a relatively small part of the total, are estimated using quarterly movements in related series as indicators. Repair and maintenance expenditure 14.110 Annual estimates of household expenditure on motor vehicle repair and maintenance is based on information from the Retail Census and the Household Expenditure Survey. Three separate components are estimated:
14.111 Quarterly estimates of household expenditure on automotive repairs and maintenance are extrapolated from the annual series detailed above, using an indicator which is the product of total kilometres travelled by households and the CPI series for motor vehicle service and repairs. A similar procedure is applied for panel beating except that the indicator used is motor vehicle property insurance claims. Miscellaneous 14.112 The multitude of small components making up miscellaneous motoring expenditure are estimated using many data sources and methods. The main sources for the annual estimates are State and Territory Auditors'-General Reports and Government Finance Statistics, Australia (Cat. no. 5512.0). Benchmark estimates are moved forward using the CPI series for motor vehicle charges and the number of registered personal vehicles as indicators. 14.114 Current price estimates of expenditures on fuels and lubricants, other motor vehicle goods, and repairs and maintenance by Australian residents in Australia, are each revalued using the relevant components of the CPI. 07.3 Transport services 07.3.1 Passenger transport by railway Description 14.117 The scope of this item is personal outlays on suburban, country and interstate rail fares. The value of fare concessions provided by general government to students, pensioners, etc., is regarded as part of Government final consumption expenditure. Sources and methods 14.118 Household expenditure on services provided by government transport authorities is obtained from the annual reports of the various authorities. Quarterly estimates are based on unpublished revenue indicators obtained from the State public authorities by the ABS Public Finance Section. Volume estimates 14.119 Expenditures on rail fares in Australia are revalued using the relevant component of the CPI. 07.3.2 Passenger transport by road Description 14.120 The scope of this item is personal outlays on suburban, country and interstate bus fares (including charter fares); tram fares; taxi and hire-car fares. The value of fare concessions provided by general government to students, pensioners, etc., is regarded as part of Government final consumption expenditure. Sources and methods 14.121 Household expenditure on services provided by government transport authorities is obtained from the annual reports of the various authorities. Total fares collected are discounted to take account of business use of these services. Quarterly estimates are based on unpublished revenue indicators obtained from the State public authorities by the ABS Public Finance Section. Volume estimates 14.125 Expenditures on bus fares and taxi fares in Australia are each revalued using the relevant components of the CPI. 0.7.3.3 Passenger transport by air Description 14.126 The scope of this item is personal outlays on airfares purchased in Australia and overseas by residents. Sources and methods Domestic airfares 14.127 Quarterly estimates are prepared from data provided by resident airlines. The annual estimate is the sum of four quarters. Household Expenditure Survey data, when available, are used to cross-check the estimates. 14.128 Both annual and quarterly information are provided by the ABS Balance of Payments Section. Estimates for the latest quarters are made using information about international airfares from the CPI and about international departures taken from Overseas Arrivals and Departures, Australia (Cat. no. 3401.0). Volume estimates 14.129 Expenditures on domestic and overseas airfares in Australia are each revalued using the relevant components of the CPI. 0.7.3.4 Passenger transport by sea and inland waterway Sources and methods Ferry and coastal shipping fares 14.130 The annual estimates are compiled using information contained in the annual reports of public transport authorities, the ABS Transport Industry Survey, and unpublished information provided by the Commonwealth Department of Transport and Regional Services. The quarterly estimates are based on passenger revenue information provided by the larger public enterprises. 14.131 Both annual and quarterly information are provided by the ABS Balance of Payments Section. Estimates for the latest quarters are made using information about international airfares from the CPI and information about international departures taken from Overseas Arrivals and Departures, Australia (Cat. no. 3401.0). Volume estimates 14.132 Expenditures on domestic shipping fares in Australia are revalued using the relevant component of the CPI. Total: 07.3 Transport services Volume estimates 14.134 Current price estimates of expenditures on transport services by Australian residents overseas are revalued using a composite index of overseas CPIs. Total: 07 Total transport Volume estimates 4.137 Chain volume estimates of expenditures on transport are derived by aggregating the elemental volume components of the above.
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