Health
HEALTH STATUS
|
 | | | | Life expectancy at birth |
| | | |
|
| Country | Reference year | Infant mortality rate(a) | Reference year | Males | Females |
| | no. | | years | years |
|
| Australia | 1995 | 5.7 | 1994 | 75.0 | 80.9 |
| Canada | 1994 | 6.3 | 1992 | 74.6 | 80.9 |
| China(b) | 1990-95 | 44.4 | 1990 | 66.9 | 70.5 |
| France | 1996 | 4.9 | 1993 | 73.3 | 81.4 |
| Greece | 1996 | 8.1 | 1995 | 75.0 | 80.2 |
| Hong Kong | 1995 | 4.6 | 1995 | 76.0 | 81.5 |
| Indonesia | 1990-95 | 58.1 | 1990-95 | 61.0 | 64.5 |
| Italy | 1995 | 6.1 | 1993 | 74.1 | 80.5 |
| Japan | 1995 | 4.3 | 1995 | 76.4 | 82.9 |
| Korea (Republic of) | 1990-95 | 11.0 | 1991 | 67.7 | 75.7 |
| Malaysia | 1990-95 | 13.0 | 1990-95 | 68.7 | 73.0 |
| New Zealand | 1995 | 6.7 | 1992-94 | 73.4 | 79.1 |
| Papua New Guinea | 1990-95 | 68.3 | 1990-95 | 55.2 | 56.7 |
| Singapore | 1996 | 3.8 | 1996 | 74.4 | 78.9 |
| Sweden | 1996 | 3.5 | 1994 | 76.1 | 81.4 |
| United Kingdom | 1996 | 6.1 | 1995 | 74.1 | 79.3 |
| United States of America | 1995 | 7.5 | 1994 | 72.4 | 79.0 |
| Viet Nam | 1990-95 | 42.0 | 1979 | 63.7 | 67.9 |
|
(a) Per 1,000 live births.
(b) Excludes Hong Kong and Taiwan.
Source: United Nations 1996 Demographic Yearbook.
STANDARDISED DEATH RATES(a) FOR SELECTED CAUSES OF DEATH
|
| Country | Reference year | Malignant neoplasms (cancer) | Ischaemic heart disease | Cerebro- vascular disease (stroke) | Motor vehicle traffic accidents | Suicide and self-inflicted injury(b) | All causes |
| | no. | no. | no. | no. | no. | no. |
|
| Australia | 1994 | 126.2 | 95.8 | 37.2 | 10.0 | 11.2 | 440.6 |
| Canada | 1995 | 126.1 | 81.4 | 26.2 | 9.8 | 11.6 | 428.8 |
| China (rural)(c) | 1994 | 111.9 | 26.5 | 110.2 | 13.8 | 25.8 | 698.7 |
| China (urban)(c) | 1994 | 119.4 | 57.6 | 125.0 | 10.1 | 5.9 | 594.7 |
| France | 1994 | 130.8 | 33.2 | 26.7 | 12.9 | 15.8 | 423.9 |
| Greece | 1995 | 109.4 | 57.5 | 69.2 | 19.8 | 2.7 | 449.0 |
| Hong Kong | 1994 | 125.9 | 40.0 | 39.8 | 4.5 | 10.3 | 392.9 |
| Indonesia | . . | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. |
| Italy | 1993 | 133.7 | 55.0 | 48.5 | 12.4 | 5.8 | 450.0 |
| Japan | 1994 | 106.2 | 21.7 | 44.5 | 8.9 | 12.2 | 364.0 |
| Korea (Republic of)(d) | 1995 | 123.1 | 14.6 | 90.9 | 36.2 | 9.8 | 585.8 |
| Malaysia | . . | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. |
| New Zealand | 1993 | 142.2 | 119.7 | 44.0 | 16.8 | 11.7 | 509.9 |
| Papua New Guinea | . . | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. |
| Singapore | 1995 | 130.8 | 96.7 | 57.0 | 7.6 | 12.0 | 517.7 |
| Sweden | 1995 | 106.6 | 94.1 | 34.7 | 4.9 | 11.8 | 408.6 |
| United Kingdom | 1995 | 137.1 | 112.2 | 43.1 | 5.6 | 6.2 | 495.8 |
| United States of America | 1994 | 130.8 | 96.1 | 28.4 | 14.9 | 10.3 | 521.9 |
| Viet Nam | . . | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. |
|
(a) Standardised death rates are the overall death rates per 100,000 population that would have prevailed in a standard population if it had experienced at each age the death rates of the population being studied. The standard population used in this table is the World Health Organisation world standard population. Standardised death rates for Australia presented in the Health chapter of this publication or elsewhere in ABS publications are not comparable owing to the use of a different standard population and different reference periods.
(b) It is generally acknowledged that suicides are under-reported as a cause of death. The degree of under-reporting varies from country to country, partly for social and cultural reasons, but also because of differences in legal requirements and administrative procedures in arriving at a verdict of suicide.
(c) Excludes Hong Kong and Taiwan.
(d) Causes of death have been coded to the tenth edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD10). For all other countries, causes of death have been coded to the ninth edition (ICD9).
Source: World Health Organisation World Health Statistics Annual 1996; World Health Organisation World Health Statistics Annual 1995.
HEALTH SERVICES AND EXPENDITURE
|
| Reference year | Health expenditure
as % of GDP | Health expenditure per capita at PPP(a) | Reference year | Doctors per 1,000 population | Reference year | Acute hospital beds per 1,000 population |
| Country | | % | $US '000 | | no. | | no. |
|
| Australia | 1997 | 8.3 | 1.8 | 1996 | 2.5 | 1996 | 4.1 |
| Canada | 1997 | 9.3 | 2.1 | 1996 | 2.1 | 1993 | 3.6 |
| China(b) | . . | n.a. | n.a. | . . | n.a. | . . | n.a. |
| France | 1997 | 9.9 | 2.1 | 1996 | 2.9 | 1996 | 4.5 |
| Greece | 1997 | 7.1 | 1.0 | 1995 | 3.9 | 1992 | 3.9 |
| Hong Kong | . . | n.a. | n.a. | . . | n.a. | . . | n.a. |
| Indonesia | . . | n.a. | n.a. | . . | n.a. | . . | n.a. |
| Italy | 1997 | 7.6 | 1.6 | 1996 | 5.5 | 1995 | 5.1 |
| Japan | 1997 | 7.3 | 1.7 | 1994 | 1.8 | . . | n.a. |
| Korea (Republic of) | 1997 | 4.0 | 0.6 | 1995 | 1.1 | 1996 | 4.0 |
| Malaysia | . . | n.a. | n.a. | . . | n.a. | . . | n.a. |
| New Zealand | 1997 | 7.6 | 1.4 | 1996 | 2.1 | 1991 | 7.1 |
| Papua New Guinea | . . | n.a. | n.a. | . . | n.a. | . . | n.a. |
| Singapore | . . | n.a. | n.a. | . . | n.a. | . . | n.a. |
| Sweden | 1997 | 8.6 | 1.7 | 1996 | 3.1 | 1996 | 2.8 |
| United Kingdom | 1997 | 6.7 | 1.3 | 1994 | 1.6 | 1996 | 2.0 |
| United States of America | 1997 | 14.0 | 4.1 | 1996 | 2.6 | 1995 | 3.4 |
| Viet Nam | . . | n.a. | n.a. | . . | n.a. | . . | n.a. |
|
(a) PPP (purchasing power parities) are the rates of currency conversion which eliminate the differences in price levels between countries.
(b) Excludes Hong Kong and Taiwan.
Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 1998, OECD Health Data 98: a comparative analysis of 29 countries, Paris: OECD.
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