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Adhikari, P. & Summerill, A. 2000, 1998 National Drug Strategy Household Survey: Detailed findings, AIHW Cat. no. PHE 27 (Drug Statistics Series No. 6), Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Canberra.

Alcohol and Drug Foundation - Queensland 2000, Drugs in Society September 2000, Alcohol and Drug Foundation - Queensland, Brisbane.

The Alcohol and other Drugs Council of Australia 2000(a), Drug Policy 2000: A New Agenda for Harm Reduction, ADCA, Canberra.

The Alcohol and other Drugs Council of Australia 2000(b), Strategic Plan 2000-2002, ADCA, Canberra.

The Alcohol and other Drugs Council of Australia 2000(c), The Effective Management of People with Dual Diagnosis: (mental health / drug and alcohol problems), An ADCA Discussion Paper, ADCA, Canberra.

Ali, R., Christie, P., Lenton, S., Hawks, D., Sutton, A., Hall, W. & Allsop, S. 1999, The Social Impacts of the Cannabis Expiation Notice Scheme in South Australia, National Drug Strategy Monograph Series, No. 34, Commonwealth Department of Health and Aged Care, Canberra.

Atkinson, L. & McDonald, D. 1995, ‘Cannabis, the Law and Social Impacts in Australia’ in Trends and issues in crime and criminal justice No. 48, Australian Institute of Criminology, Canberra.

Australian Bureau of Criminal Intelligence 1998, National Drug Statistics Framework, ABCI, Canberra.

Australian Bureau of Criminal Intelligence 2000, Australian Illicit Drug Report 1998-99, ABCI, Canberra.

Australian Bureau of Criminal Intelligence 2001, Australian Illicit Drug Report 1999-2000, ABCI, Canberra.

Australian Bureau of Statistics 1985, Australian National Classification of Offences (ANCO), Cat. no. 1234.0, ABS, Canberra.

Australian Bureau of Statistics 1997, Australian Standard Offence Classification, Cat. no. 1234.0, ABS, Canberra.

Australian Bureau of Statistics 1998(a), Mental Health and Wellbeing: Profile of Adults, Australia, 1997, Cat. no. 4326.0, ABS, Canberra.

Australian Bureau of Statistics 1998(b), Statistics - A Powerful Edge! Second Edition, Cat. no. 1331.0, ABS, Canberra.

Australian Bureau of Statistics 1999(a), An Introduction to Sample Surveys: A User’s Guide, Cat. no. 1299.0, ABS, Canberra.

Australian Bureau of Statistics 1999(b), Crime and Safety, Australia, 1998, Cat. no. 4509.0, ABS, Canberra.

Australian Bureau of Statistics 1999(c), National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing of Adults: Users’ Guide, Australia, 1997, Cat. no. 4327.0, ABS, Canberra.

Australian Bureau of Statistics 1999(d), Prisoners in Australia 1999, A report prepared for the Corrective Services Ministers’ Council by the National Corrective Services Statistics Unit, ABS, Canberra.

Australian Bureau of Statistics 2000(a), Australian Standard Classification of Drugs of Concern, Cat. no. 1248.0, ABS, Canberra.

Australian Bureau of Statistics 2000(b), Australian System of National Accounts: Concepts, Sources and Methods , Cat. no. 5216.0, ABS, Canberra.

Australian Bureau of Statistics 2000(c), Causes of Death, 1999, Cat. no. 3303.0, ABS, Canberra.

Australian Bureau of Statistics 2000(d), Deaths, 1999, Cat. no. 3302.0, ABS, Canberra.

Australian Bureau of Statistics 2001(a), Australian Social Trends, 2001, Cat. no. 4102.0, ABS, Canberra.

Australian Bureau of Statistics 2001(b), Higher Criminal Courts, Australia, 1999-2000, Cat. no. 4513.0, ABS, Canberra.

Australian Bureau of Statistics 2001(c), Prisoners in Australia, 2000, Cat. no. 4517.0, ABS, Canberra.

Australian Customs Service 1999, Annual Report 1998-99, Australian Customs Service, Canberra.

Australian Federal Police 2000, Australian Federal Police Annual Report 1999-2000, AFP, Canberra.

Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 1999, 1998 National Drug Strategy Household Survey: First results, AIHW Cat. no. PHE 15, (Drug Statistics Series No. 1), AIHW, Canberra.

Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2000(a), Australian hospital statistics 1998-99, AIHW Cat. no. HSE 11, (Health Services Series No. 15), AIHW, Canberra.

Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2000(b), Australia’s health 2000: the seventh biennial health report of the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, AIHW, Canberra.

Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2000(c), Australia’s health services expenditure to 1998-99, AIHW Cat. no. HWE 15, (Health and Welfare Expenditure Series No. 16), AIHW, Canberra.

Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2000(d), Guidelines for the National Minimum Data Set for Alcohol and Other Drug Treatment Services 2001-01, AIHW Cat. no. HSE 10, AIHW, Canberra.

Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2001, Australian hospital statistics 1999-2000, AIHW Cat. no. HSE 14, (Health Services Series No. 17), AIHW, Canberra.

Australian National Council on AIDS and Related Diseases Hepatitis C Sub-Committee 1998, Hepatitis C Virus Projections Working Group: Estimates and Projections of the Hepatitis C Virus Epidemic in Australia, National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney.

Australian Transaction Reports and Analysis Centre 1999, Submission to the Productivity Commission’s Inquiry into Australia's Gambling Industries, (AUSTRAC Submission no. 43) AUSTRAC, Canberra.

Baker, J. 1998, Juveniles in Crime - Part 1: Participation Rates and Risk Factors, New South Wales Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research, Sydney.

Barac, J., Luke, P. & Phongkham, O. 1999, Drug related health in the ACT, Health Series No 24, ACT Department of Health and Community Care, Canberra.

van Beek, I., Dwyer, R., Dore, G. J., Luo, K. & Kaldor, J. M. 1998, ‘Infection with HIV and hepatitis C virus among injecting drug users in a preventative setting: retrospective cohort study’ in British Medical Journal, Vol. 317, pp. 433-437.

Brisbane City Council 1999, The Lord Mayor’s Illicit Drug Taskforce Report 1999, Brisbane City Council, Brisbane.

Britt, H., Miller, G. C., Charles, J., Knox, S., Sayer, G. P., Valenti, L., Henderson, J. & Kelly, Z. 2000, General practice activity in Australia 1999-2000, AIHW Cat. no. GEP 5, Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Canberra.

Britt, H., Miller, G. C. & Valenti, L. 2001, It’s different in the bush: A comparison of general practice activity in metropolitan and rural areas of Australia 1998-2000, General Practice Series, AIHW Cat. no. GEP 6, Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Canberra.

Britt, H., Sayer, G. P., Miller, G. C., Charles, J., Scahill, S., Horn, F., Bhasale, A., & McGeechan, K. 1999, General practice activity in Australia 1998-99, AIHW Cat. no. GEP 2, Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Canberra.

Bryant, M. & Williams, P. 2000, ‘Alcohol and Other Drug-Related Violence and Non-Reporting’ in Trends and issues in crime and criminal justice No. 171, Australian Institute of Criminology, Canberra.

Carcach, C. & Grant, A. 1999, ‘Imprisonment in Australia: Trends in Prison Populations & Imprisonment Rates 1982-1998’ in Trends and issues in crime and criminal justice No. 130, Australian Institute of Criminology, Canberra.

Carcach, C., Grant, A. & Conroy, R. 1999, ‘Australian Corrections: The Imprisonment of Indigenous People’ in Trends and issues in crime and criminal justice No. 137, Australian Institute of Criminology, Canberra.

Carcach, C. & Grant, A. 2000(a), ‘Australian Corrections: Main Demographic Characteristics of Prison Populations’ in Trends and issues in crime and criminal justice No. 150, Australian Institute of Criminology, Canberra.

Carcach, C. & Grant, A. 2000(b), ‘Imprisonment in Australia: The Offence Composition of Australian Correctional Populations, 1988 and 1998’ in Trends and issues in crime and criminal justice No. 164, Australian Institute of Criminology, Canberra.

Carcach, C. & McDonald, D. 1997, National Police Custody Survey August 1995, Research and Public Policy Series No. 9, Australian Institute of Criminology, Canberra.

Carruthers, S., Loxley, W. & Bevan, J. 1998, ‘Changing the habit: why and how do users change their drug consumption patterns?’ in Journal of Substance Misuse, Vol. 3 pp. 50-54.

Causton, S. 1993, ‘Child sexual assault’ in Connexions, May/June 1993.

Collins, D. J. & Lapsley, H. M. 1991, Estimating the economic costs of drug abuse in Australia, National Campaign Against Drug Abuse Monograph Series No. 15, Commonwealth Department of Community Services and Health, Canberra.

Collins, D. J. & Lapsley, H. M. 1996, The social costs of drug abuse in Australia in 1988 and 1992, National Drug Strategy Monograph Series No. 30, Commonwealth Department of Human Services and Health, Canberra.

Commonwealth Department of Community Services and Health 1991, Conference on Alcohol and Drugs in the Workplace: Reducing the Costs, Commonwealth Department of Community Services and Health, Canberra.

Commonwealth Department of Health and Aged Care 1998, Australian Refined Diagnosis Related Groups, Version 4.1 Definitions Manual, DHACCanberra.

Commonwealth Department of Health and Aged Care 1999(a), Report on the National Hospital Cost Data Collection, 1997-98, DHAC, Canberra.

Commonwealth Department of Health and Aged Care 1999(b), Research Report on Developmental Research for a Community Education and Information Campaign on Illicit Drugs, DHAC, Population Health Division, Research and Marketing Group, Canberra.

Commonwealth Department of Health and Aged Care 2000, Submission to the House of Representatives Standing Committee on Family and Community Affairs Inquiry into Substance Abuse in Australian Communities, DHAC, Canberra.

Commonwealth Department of Human Services and Health 1994, National Drug Strategy Household Survey: Urban Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples Supplement, 1994, Looking Glass Press, Canberra.

Commonwealth Department of Human Services and Health 1995, Review of Methadone Treatment in Australia, Final Report, Commonwealth Department of Human Services and Health, Canberra.

Conroy, A. & Copeland, J. 1998, National Minimum Data Set Project for Alcohol and Other Drug Treatment Services: report on the pilot study and recommended set of data definitions, NDARC Technical Report No. 65, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney.

Copland, J. 2001, ‘Monitoring newly acquired hepatitis C infection in South Australia’ Australian HIV Surveillance Report Vol. 17 No. 1 January 2001, National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney.

Crofts, N., Aitken, C. K., & Kaldor, J. M. 1999, ‘The force of numbers: why hepatitis C is spreading among Australian injecting drug users while HIV is not’ in Medical Journal of Australia 1999, Vol. 170, pp. 220 & 221.

Crofts, N., Thompson, S. & Kaldor, J. 1999, Epidemiology of the hepatitis C virus, Technical Report Series, No. 3, Commonwealth Department of Health and Aged Care, Canberra.

Crosbie, D. & McNiven, C. 1999, Drugs, Money and Governments 1997-98, Alcohol and other Drugs Council of Australia, Canberra.

Darke, S., Kaye, S. & Topp, L. 2000, ‘Findings from the Illicit Drug Reporting System, 2000’ in Drug Trends Bulletin, December 2000, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney.

Darke, S., Hall, W., Weatherburn, D. & Llind, B. 1998, Fluctuations in heroin purity and the incidence of fatal heroin overdose in South Western Sydney, 1993-1995, NDARC Technical Report No. 58, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney.

Darke, S., Kaye, S. & Ross, J. 1998, Transitions between the injection of heroin and amphetamines, NDARC Technical Report No. 60, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney.

Darke, S., Hall, W. & Topp, L. 2000, The Illicit Drug Reporting System (IRDS), 1996-2000: History and development of a national strategic early warning system for monitoring trends in illicit drug use, NDARC Technical Report No. 101, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney.

Darke, S. & Ross, J. 1998, Heroin-related deaths in South Western Sydney: 1992-1996, NDARC Technical Report No. 52, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney.

Darke, S., Ross, J., Hando, J., Hall, W. & Degenhardt, L. 2000, Illicit Drug Use in Australia: Epidemiology, Use Patterns and Associated Harm, Commonwealth Department of Health and Aged Care, Canberra.

Degenhardt, L. & Hall, W. 2000, The association between psychosis and problematic drug use among Australian adults: Findings from the National Survey of Mental Health and Well-being, NDARC Technical Report No. 93, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney.

Degenhardt, L., Hall, W. & Adelstein, B. 2000, Ambulance calls to suspected drug overdoses: Analysis of New South Wales patterns July 1997 to June 1999, NDARC Technical Report No. 94, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney.

Degenhardt, L., Hall, W. & Lynskey, M. 2000(a), Alcohol, cannabis and tobacco use and the mental health of Australians: A comparative analysis of their associations with other drug use, affective and anxiety disorders, and psychosis, NDARC Technical Report No 103, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney.

Degenhardt, L., Hall, W. & Lynskey, M. 2000(b), Cannabis use and mental health among Australian adults: findings from the National Survey of Mental Health & Wellbeing, NDARC Technical Report No 98, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney.

Delpech, V. C., Thackway, S. V., Young, L.., Pontivivo, G., Smedley, E., Morgan, K. & Ferson, M. J. 2000, 'Hepatitis A in south-eastern Sydney 1997-1999: continuing concerns for gay men and an outbreak among illicit drug users', in Communicable Diseases Intelligence Vol. 24, No. 7, Commonwealth Department of Health and Aged Care.

Delpech, V. C., Thackway, S. V., Young, L. C., Pontivivo, G., Smedley, E. J., Morgan, K. R. & Ferson, M. J. 2000, ‘Outbreak of hepatitis A among illicit drug users in southeast Sydney’, in Medical Journal of Australia 2000, Vol. 172, Issue 3, p 143.

Didcott, P., Reilly, D., Swift, W. & Hall, W. 1997, Long-term Cannabis Users on the New South Wales North Coast, NDARC Monograph No. 30, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney.

Dillon, P., Topp, L. & Swift, W. (Eds) 1997, Illicit Drugs: Current Issues and Responses: Proceedings from the Eleventh National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre Annual Symposium, NDARC Monograph No. 37, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney.

Doak, P. 2001, NSW Criminal Courts Statistics, 2000, NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research, Sydney.

Dolan, K. 2000, Surveillance and Prevention of Hepatitis C Infection in Australian Prisons: A Discussion Paper, NDARC Technical Report No. 95, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney.

Drummer, O. 1994, Drugs in drivers killed in Australian road traffic accidents. The use of responsibility analysis to investigate the contribution of drugs to fatal accidents, Victorian Institute of Forensic Pathology, Department of Forensic Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne.

English, D. R., Holman, C. D. J., Milne, E., Winter, M. G., Hulse, G. K., Codde, J. P., Bower, C. I., Corti, B., de Klerk, N., Knuiman, M. W., Kurinczuk, J. J., Lewin, G. F. & Ryan, G. A. 1995, The quantification of drug caused morbidity and mortality in Australia, 1995 edition, Parts 1 and 2, Commonwealth Department of Human Services and Health, Canberra.

Ferrante, A. 1993, ‘Developing an Offender-based Tracking System: The Western Australian INOIS Project’, in Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology December 1993, Vol. 26, pp. 232-250.

Fitzsimmons, G. & Cooper-Stanbury, M. 2000, 1998 National Drug Strategy Household Survey: State and Territory results, AIHW cat. no. PHE 26 (Drug Statistics Series No. 5), Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Canberra.

Freeman, A. J., Zekry, A., Whybin, L. R., Harvey, C. E., van Beek, I. A., de Kantzow, S. L., Rawlinson, W. D., Boughton, C. R., Robertson, P. W., Marinos, G. & Lloyd, A. R. 2000, ‘Hepatitis C prevalence among Australian injecting drug users in the 1970s and profiles of virus genotypes in the 1970s and 1990s’, in Medical Journal of Australia 2000, Vol. 172, pp. 588-591.

Gilroy, N. M., Tribe, I. G., Passaris, I., Hall, R. & Beers, M. Y. 2000, ‘Hepatitis A in injecting drug users: a national problem’, in Medical Journal of Australia 2000, Vol. 172, Issue 3, pp. 142 & 143.

Grant, B. & Petrie, M, 2001, Alcohol and other drug treatment services: Development of a National Minimum Data Set, AIHW Cat. no. HSE 12, Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Canberra.

Graycar, A., Nelson, D. & Palmer, M. 1999, ‘Law Enforcement and Illicit Drug Control’ in Trends and issues in crime and criminal justice No. 110, Australian Institute of Criminology, Canberra.

Griffin, M. 1996, ‘Snapshots of drug use’ in Connexions, October/November 1996.

Hall, W. 1995, The demand for methadone maintenance treatment in Australia, NDARC Technical Report No. 28, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney.

Hall, W. 1996(a), ‘Methadone Maintenance Treatment as a Crime Control Measure’ in Crime and Justice Bulletin No. 30, New South Wales Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research, Sydney.

Hall, W. 1996(b), ‘Substance Abuse’, in Men and Mental Health, ed. Jorm, A. F., pp. 36-44, National Health and Medical Research Council, Canberra.

Hall, W. 1998, Cannabis and psychosis, NDARC Technical Report No. 55, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney.

Hall, W., Lynskey, M. & Degenhardt, L. 1999 Heroin use in Australia: Its impact on public health and public order, NDARC Monograph No. 42, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney.

Hall, W. & Nelson, J. 1995, Public perceptions of the health and psychological consequences of cannabis use. National Drug Strategy Monograph Series, No. 29, National Task Force on Cannabis, AGPS, Canberra.

Hall, W., Ross, J., Lynskey, M., Law, M. & Degenhardt, L. 2000, How many dependent opioid users are there in Australia?, NDARC Monograph No. 44, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney.

Hall, W., Solowij, N. & Lemon, J. 1994, The health and psychological consequences of cannabis use, National Drug Strategy Monograph Series, No. 25, AGPS, Canberra.

Hall, W., Teesson, M., Lynskey, M. & Degenhardt, L. 1998, The Prevalence in the Past Year of Substance Use and ICD-10 Substance Use Disorders in Australian Adults: Findings from the National Survey of Mental Health and Well-being, NDARC Technical Report No. 63, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney.

Hando, J., Hall, W., Rutter, S. & Dolan, K. 1999, Current state of research on illicit drugs in Australia: An information document, National Health and Medical Research Council, Canberra.

Higgins, K., Cooper-Stanbury, M. & Williams, P. 2000, Statistics on drug use in Australia 1998, AIHW Cat. no. PHE 16, (Drug Statistics Series No. 2), Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Canberra.

Hodge, M. 1996, ‘Social worlds in collision: When policy meets policy on parental substance abuse’ in Children Australia, Vol. 21 No. 4, pp. 17-21.

Holman, C. D. J., Armstrong, B. K., Arias, L. N., Martin, C. A., Hatton, W. M., Hayward, L. D., Salmon, M. A. Shean, R. E. & Waddell, V. P. 1990, The Quantification of Drug-caused Morbidity and Mortality in Australia 1988, Parts 1 and 2, Commonwealth Department of Health, Housing, Local Government and Community Services, Canberra.

Horn, M. 1999, ‘The Prevalence of Alcohol and Drug Dependence Among People Experiencing Homelessness’ in Parity, Vol. 12, Issue 8, pp. 9 & 10.

Hunter, C. E., Lokan, R. J., Longo, M. C., White, J. M. & White, M. A. 1998, The Prevalence and Role of Alcohol, Cannabinoids, Benzodiazepines and Stimulants in Non-fatal Crashes, Department of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, University of Adelaide

Johnson, D. 2001, ‘Age of Illicit Drug Initiation’ in Trends and issues in crime and criminal justice No. 201, Australian Institute of Criminology, Canberra.

Jones, R. 1993, Drug use and exposure in the Australian community, Cat. no. 93 24562 Department of Health, Housing, Local Government and Community Services, Canberra.

Kamieniecki, G., Vincent, N., Allsop, S. & Lintzeris, N. 1998, Models of intervention and care for psychostimulant users, National Drug Strategy Monograph Series, No. 32, Commonwealth Department of Health and Family Services, Canberra.

Kids Help Line, Drug Use, INFOSHEET 13, Kids Help Line

Larson, A. 1996, What Injectors Say About Drug Use: Preliminary Findings from a Survey of Indigenous Injecting Drug Users, IDU Project Working Paper No. 2, Australian Centre for International and Tropical Health and Nutrition, University of Queensland.

Larson, A. & Currie, D. 1995, Injecting Drug Use by Indigenous People in Brisbane: Perspectives of Service Providers and the Community, IDU Project Working Paper No. 1, Australian Centre for International and Tropical Health and Nutrition, University of Queensland.

Lenton, S. 2001, ‘Cannabis as a gateway drug: Comments on Ferguson and Horwood (2000)’, in Addiction 2001, Vol. 96, pp. 511-513.

Lenton, S. & Tan-Quigley, A. 1997, The Fitpack Study: A survey of ‘hidden’ drug injectors with minimal treatment experience, National Centre for Research into the Prevention of Drug Abuse, Curtin University of Technology, Perth.

Letcher, T. & White, V. 1999, Australian secondary students’ use of over-the-counter and illicit substances in 1996, National Drug Strategy Monograph Series No. 33, Commonwealth Department of Health and Aged Care, Canberra.

Low. D. & Cotton, R 1999, Hepatitis C: a review of Australia’s response, Commonwealth Department of Health and Aged Care, Canberra.

Loxley, W. 1995, Young injecting drug users and the risk of HIV/AIDS: psycho-social and environment constraints on safer drug using and sexual behaviour, PhD thesis, Curtin University of Technology, Perth.

Loxley, W. & Bevan, J. 1999, Revved up: the psychostimulant use and reckless or violent behaviour study, National Centre for Research into the Prevention of Drug Abuse, Curtin University of Technology, Perth.

Loxley, W., Carruthers, S. & Bevan, J. 1995, In The Same Vein: First Report Of The Australian Study Of HIV And Injecting Drug Use (ASHIDU), National Centre for Research into the Prevention of Drug Abuse, Curtin University of Technology, Perth.

Loxley, W., Davidson, P., Heale, P. & Sullivan, P. 2000, Drawing Blood: Injecting Drug Users, Blood Borne Viruses, Testing and Vaccination, National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University of Technology, Perth.

Lynskey, M. & Hall, W. 1998(a), Age of Initiation to Heroin Use: Cohort Trends and Consequences of Early Initiation for Subsequent Adjustment, NDARC Technical Report No. 61, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney.

Lynskey, M. & Hall, W. 1998(b), Jurisdictional trends in opioid overdose deaths, 1988-1996, NDARC Technical Report No. 54, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney.

McAllister, I., Moore, R. & Makkai, T. 1991, Drugs in Australian Society: Patterns, Attitudes and Policies, Longman Cheshire, Sydney.

MacDonald, M., Robotin, M. & Topp, L. 2001, 'Drug Use Trends Among Injecting Drug Users (IDU): Findings from the Australian Needle and Syringe Program (NSP) Survey, 1995-2000' in Drug Trends Bulletin, October 2001, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney.

MacDonald, M. & Topp, L. 2000, ‘Drug Use Trends Among Injecting Drug Users (IDU): Findings from the Australian Needle and Syringe Program (NSP) Survey, 1995-1999’ in Drug Trends Bulletin, October 2000, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney.

MacDonald, M., Wodak, A. D., Ali, R., Crofts, N., Cunningham, P. H., Dolan, K. A., Kelaher, M., Loxley, W. M., van Beek, I. & Kaldor, J. M., on behalf of the Collaboration of Australian Needle Exchanges 1997, ‘HIV prevalence and risk behaviour in needle exchange attenders: a national study’ in Medical Journal of Australia 1997, Vol. 166, pp. 237-240.

MacDonald, M. A., Wodak, A. D., Dolan, K. A., van Beek, I., Cunningham, P.H. & Kaldor, J. M. 2000, ‘Hepatitis C virus antibody prevalence among injecting drug users at selected needle and syringe programs in Australia, 1995-1997’, in Medical Journal of Australia 2000, Vol. 172, pp. 57-61.

McKay, D. R. & Tennant, C. C. 2000, ‘Is the grass greener? The link between cannabis and psychosis’ in Medical Journal of Australia 2000, Vol. 172, pp. 284-286.

McKetin, R. 1999, ‘Findings from the Illicit Drug Reporting System, 1999’ in Drug Trends Bulletin, December 1999, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney.

McKetin, R., Darke, S. & Godycka-Cwirko, K. 1999, Findings from the Illicit Drug Reporting System (IRDS), NDARC Technical Report No. 72, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney.

McKetin, R., Darke, S., Humeniuk, R., Dwyer, R., Bruno, R., Fleming, J., Kinner, S., Hargreaves, K. & Rysavy, P. 2000, Australian Drug Trends 1999: Findings from the Illicit Drug Reporting System (IDRS), NDARC Monograph No. 43, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney.

McKetin, R. & McKey, J. 2000, ‘Monitoring the Trends’ in Connexions, February/March 2000, pp. 8-10.

Maher, L., Dixon, D., Lynskey, M. & Hall, W. 1998, Running the Risks: Heroin, Health and Harm in South West Sydney, NDARC Monograph No. 38, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney.

Makkai, T. 1994, Patterns of Drug Use: Australia and the United States, Commonwealth Department of Human Services and Health, Canberra.

Makkai, T. 1998, ‘Drugs Courts: Issues and Prospects’ in Trends and issues in crime and criminal justice No. 95, Australian Institute of Criminology, Canberra.

Makkai, T. 1999(a), Drug Use Monitoring in Australia (DUMA): A Brief Description, Research and Public Policy Series No. 21, Australian Institute of Criminology, Canberra.

Makkai, T. 1999(b), ‘Drugs and property crime’ in Australian Illicit Drug Report 1997-98, pp. 105-113, Australian Bureau of Criminal Intelligence, Canberra.

Makkai, T. 1999(c), ‘Linking Drugs and Criminal Activity: Developing an Integrated Monitoring System’ in Trends and issues in crime and criminal justice No. 109, Australian Institute of Criminology, Canberra.

Makkai, T. 2000(a), ‘Drug transactions: Some results from the DUMA project’ in Australian Illicit Drug Report 1998-99, pp. 91-100, Australian Bureau of Criminal Intelligence, Canberra.

Makkai, T. 2000(b), Drug Use Monitoring in Australia (DUMA): Drug Detection Testing, Research and Public Policy Series No. 25, Australian Institute of Criminology, Canberra.

Makkai, T. 2000(c), Drug Use Monitoring in Australia (DUMA): 1999 Annual Report on Drug Use Among Adult Detainees, Research and Public Policy Series No. 26, Australian Institute of Criminology, Canberra.

Makkai, T. 2000(d), ‘Statistical Systems, Crime Statistics’ paper prepared for International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioural Sciences.

Makkai, T. 2001, ‘Drug Use Amongst Police Detainees: Some Comparative Data’ in Trends and issues in crime and criminal justice No. 191,Australian Institute of Criminology, Canberra.

Makkai, T., Fitzgerald, J. & Doak, P. 2000, ‘Drug Use Among Police Detainees’, in Crime and Justice Bulletin No. 49, New South Wales Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research, Sydney.

Makkai, T., Johnson, D. & Loxley, W. 2000, ‘Patterns of Drug Use Amongst Police Detainees: 1999-2000’, in Trends and issues in crime and criminal justice, No. 185, Australian Institute of Criminology, Canberra.

Makkai, T. & McAllister, I. 1997, Marijuana in Australia: patterns and attitudes, National Drug Strategy Monograph Series No. 31, Commonwealth Department of Health and Family Services, Canberra.

Makkai, T. & McAllister, I. 1998(a), Patterns of Drug Use in Australia, 1985-95, Commonwealth Department of Health and Family Services, Canberra.

Makkai, T. & McAllister, I. 1998(b), Public Opinion Towards Drug Policies in Australia, 1985-95, Commonwealth Department of Health and Family Services, Canberra.

Makkai, T. & McGregor, K. 2001, Drug Use Monitoring in Australia (DUMA): 2000 Annual Report on Drug Use Among Police Detainees, Research and Public Policy Series No. 37, Australian Institute of Criminology, Canberra.

Marks, R. E. 1991, ‘What Price Prohibition? An Estimate of the Costs of Australian Drug Policy’, in Australian Journal of Management, Vol. 16 No. 2, December 1991, pp. 187-212.

Marks, R. E. 1992, ‘The costs of Australian drug policy’, in Journal of Drug Issues, Vol. 22 No. 3, pp. 535-547.

Marks, R. E. 1994, ‘Cannabis laws: an analysis of costs’, in Drug and Alcohol Review, Vol. 13, pp. 341-346.

Maryland Department of Health and Human Services 2000, Emergency Department data from the Drug Abuse Warning Network, Year-End 1999, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD.

Mathers, C. D., Vos, E. T., Stevenson, C. E. & Begg, S. J. 2000, ‘The Australian Burden of Disease Study: measuring the loss of health from diseases, injuries and risk factors’, in Medical Journal of Australia 2000, Vol. 172, pp. 592-596.

Maycock, B. & Beel, A. 1997, ‘Anabolic Steroid Abuse and Violence’ in Crime and Justice Bulletin No. 35, New South Wales Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research, Sydney.

Miller, M. & Draper, G. 2001, Statistics on drug use in Australia 2000, AIHW Cat. no. PHE 30 (Drug Statistics Series No. 8), Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Canberra.

Ministerial Council on Drug Strategy 1998, National Drug Strategic Framework 1998-99 to 2002-03: Building Partnerships, A strategy to reduce the harm caused by drugs in our community, AusInfo, Canberra.

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